View source for Sukhoi Su-25

{{Short description|Soviet attack aircraft introduced 1978}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Su-25
| image = File:Sukhoi Su-25 of the Russian Air Force landing at Vladivostok (8683076150).jpg
| caption = A [[Russian Air Force]] Su-25
| type = [[Attack aircraft]] / [[close air support]]
| national_origin = Soviet Union / Russia / [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| builder = [[TAM Management]] <br /> [[Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing]] <br /> [[Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant]]
| design_group = [[Sukhoi]]
| first_flight = {{Start date and age|1975|02|22|df=yes}}
| introduction = 19 July 1981
| retired = 
| status = In service
| primary_user = [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]<!--Limit one (1) primary user. Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on number of their fleets. -->
| more_users = [[Ukrainian Air Force]]<br />[[Korean People's Army Air Force]] <br /> [[Peruvian Air Force]] <br /> See ''[[#Operators|Operators]]'' for others <!-- Limit is three (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user (Top 3 users per Flight International, 11–17 November 2008, plus operators link). Please separate with <br />. -->
| produced = 1978–2017
| number_built = Over 1,000
| developed_from = 
| variants = [[Sukhoi Su-28]]
| developed_into = 
}}

The '''Sukhoi Su-25 ''Grach''''' ({{langx|ru|Грач}} (''[[rook (bird)|rook]]''); [[NATO reporting name]]: '''Frogfoot''') is a [[subsonic aircraft|subsonic]], single-seat, twin-engine [[jet aircraft]] developed in the [[Soviet Union]] by [[Sukhoi]]. It was designed to provide [[close air support]] for [[Soviet Ground Forces]]. The first prototype made its [[maiden flight]] on 22 February 1975. After testing, the aircraft went into [[series production]] in 1978 in [[Tbilisi]] in the [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic]].

Early variants included the Su-25UB two-seat [[Trainer aircraft|trainer]], the Su-25BM for [[Target tug|target-towing]], and the Su-25K for export customers. Some aircraft were upgraded to the Su-25SM standard in 2012. The Su-25T and the Su-25TM (also known as the Su-39) were further developments, not produced in significant numbers. The Su-25, and the [[Sukhoi Su-34|Su-34]], were the only armoured, [[Fixed-wing aircraft|fixed-wing]] aircraft in production in 2007.<ref name="gordondawes">Gordon and Dawes 2004.</ref> Su-25s are in service with Russia, other [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] members, and export customers. Production of the Su-25 ended in 2010 in Georgia.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070515001606/http://www.military-today.com/aircraft/sukhoi_su25_frogfoot.htm Article title]}} ''Military Aircraft Today'' website, 1 July 2011.</ref> Attempts continue to be made to restart production in Georgia using partially completed airframes,<ref>[https://www.scramble.nl/military-news/georgia-announced-the-restart-of-production-of-the-su-25 "Georgia announced the restart of production of the Su-25"], ''scramble.nl'' website, 24 February 2021.</ref> but as of June 2022 no new deliveries have been reported.

Since entering service more than {{Time ago|19 Jul 1981|min_magnitude=years}}, the Su-25 has seen combat in several conflicts. The type was heavily involved in the [[Soviet–Afghan War]], flying [[counter-insurgency]] missions against the Afghan [[Mujahideen]]. The [[Iraqi Air Force]] employed it against Iran during the 1980–88 [[Iran–Iraq War]]. Most Iraqi examples were later destroyed or flown to Iran in the 1991 [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]]. The [[Georgian Air Force]] used Su-25s during the [[War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)|Abkhazian war]] from 1992 to 1993. The [[Military of the Republic of Macedonia|Macedonian Air Force]] used Su-25s against [[Albanians|Albanian]] insurgents in the [[2001 insurgency in Macedonia|2001 Macedonian conflict]] and, in 2008, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and Russia both used Su-25s in the [[Russo-Georgian War]]. African states, including the [[Ivory Coast]], [[Chad]], and [[Sudan]] have used the Su-25 in local insurgencies and civil wars. Recently, the Su-25 has seen service in the [[Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war]], the clashes of the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War]], and on both sides in the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref name="Moscow Times 2022">{{cite web |title=Russia Says Destroyed Over 70 Ukraine Military Targets |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/24/russia-says-destroyed-over-70-ukraine-military-targets-a76571 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224153735/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/all/76559 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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==Development==
In early 1968, the [[Ministry of Defense (Soviet Union)|Soviet Ministry of Defence]] decided to develop a specialised ''[[shturmovik]]'' armoured assault aircraft in order to provide close air support for the [[Red Army|Soviet Ground Forces]]. The idea of creating a ground-support aircraft came about after analysing the experience of ground-attack (''shturmovaya'') aviation during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s.<ref name="Development">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 6–7.</ref> The Soviet fighter-bombers in service or under development at the time ([[Sukhoi Su-7|Su-7]], [[Sukhoi Su-17|Su-17]], [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21]] and [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23|MiG-23]]) did not meet the requirements for close air support of the army.<ref name="Development"/> They lacked essential armour plating to protect the pilot and vital equipment from ground fire and missile hits, and their high flight speeds made it difficult for the pilot to maintain visual contact with a target. Having taken into account these problems, [[Pavel Sukhoi]] and a group of leading specialists in the Sukhoi Design Bureau started preliminary design work in a comparatively short period of time, with the assistance of leading institutes of the Ministry of the Aviation Industry and the Ministry of Defence.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 8.</ref>
[[File:Ukrainian Air Force Su-25UB with two MiG-29s (9-13) in background.jpg|thumb|268x268px|This Su-25UB of the [[Ukrainian Air Force]] is a two-seater version intended for both combat and training.]]
In March 1969, a competition was announced by the [[Soviet Air Force]] that called for designs for a new battlefield close-support aircraft. Participants in the competition were the Sukhoi [[OKB|design bureau]] and the design bureaus of [[Yakovlev]], [[Ilyushin]] and [[Mikoyan]].<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 11.</ref> Sukhoi finalised its "T-8" design in late 1968, and began work on the first two prototypes (T8-1 and T8-2) in January 1972. The T8-1, the first airframe to be assembled, was completed on 9 May 1974. Another source says November 1974. However, it did not make its first flight until 22 February 1975, after a long series of test flights by [[Vladimir Ilyushin]]{{cn|date=July 2024}}. The Su-25 surpassed its main competitor in the Soviet Air Force competition, the [[Ilyushin Il-102]], and series production was announced by the Ministry of Defence.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 23–41.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/history/ |title=Sukhoi Company (JSC) – Airplanes – Military Aircraft – Su-25К – Historical background |work=sukhoi.org |access-date=27 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228025651/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/history/ |archive-date=28 February 2015 }}</ref>

During flight-testing phases of the T8-1 and T8-2 prototypes' development, the Sukhoi Design Bureau's management proposed that the series production of the Su-25 should start at Factory No. 31 in [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgian SSR|Soviet Republic of Georgia]], which at that time was the major manufacturing base for the [[MiG-21]]UM "Mongol-B" trainer. After negotiations and completion of all stages of the state trials, the Soviet Ministry of Aircraft Production authorised manufacture of the Su-25 at Tbilisi, allowing series production to start in 1978.<ref name="Variants"/>

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several Su-25 variants appeared, including modernised versions, and variants for specialised roles. The most significant designs were the Su-25UB dual-seat trainer, the Su-25BM target-towing variant, and the Su-25T for antitank missions. In addition, an {{not a typo|Su-25KM}} prototype was developed by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] in co-operation with Israeli company [[Elbit Systems]] in 2001, but so far this variant has not achieved much commercial success. {{as of|2007}}, the Su-25 was the only armoured aircraft still in production.<ref name="gordondawes"/>

The [[Russian Aerospace Forces]], which operates the largest number of Su-25s, planned to upgrade older aircraft to the Su-25SM variant, but funding shortfalls had slowed the progress; by early 2007 only seven aircraft had been modified.<ref name="AFM">"Force report: Russian Air Force." ''[[Air Forces Monthly]]'', July 2007, pp. 78–86.</ref>

== Design ==
The Su-25 has a conventional [[aerodynamic]] layout with a shoulder-mounted [[trapezoidal wing]] and a traditional [[tailplane]] and [[rudder]]. Several [[metals]] are used in the construction of the [[airframe]]: 60% [[aluminium]], 19% [[steel]], 13.5% [[titanium]], 2% [[magnesium alloy]] and 5.5% other materials.<ref name="Design2">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 73–75.</ref>

[[File:Su-25.jpg|thumb|left|Su-25 at [[Kubinka (air base)|Kubinka air base]] ]]
All versions of the Su-25 have a metal [[cantilever wing]], of [[Swept wing|moderate sweep]], [[Aspect ratio (wing)|high aspect ratio]] and equipped with high-lift devices. The wing consists of two cantilever sections attached to a central [[torsion box]], forming a single unit with the fuselage. The air brakes are housed in [[Aircraft fairing|fairings]] at the tip of each wing. Each wing has five hardpoints for weapons carriage, with the attachment points mounted on [[Structural engineering|load-bearing]] ribs and spars.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 77.</ref> Each wing also features a five-section [[leading edge slat]], a two-section [[Flap (aircraft)|flap]] and an [[aileron]].

The flaps are mounted by steel sliders and rollers, attached to brackets on the rear spar. The trapezoidal ailerons are near the [[wingtip]]s.<ref name="Variants5">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 79–82.</ref> The [[fuselage]] of the Su-25 has an [[ellipsoidal]] section and is of semi-[[monocoque]], [[stressed-skin]] construction, arranged as a longitudinal load-bearing framework of [[longeron]]s, beams and stringers, with a transverse load-bearing assembly of frames.<ref name="Design2"/> The one-piece horizontal tailplane is attached to the load-bearing frame at two mounting points.<ref name="Variants5"/>

Early versions of the Su-25 were equipped with two [[Tumansky R-13|R-95Sh]] non-afterburning [[turbojet]]s, in compartments on either side of the rear fuselage. The engines, sub-assemblies and surrounding fuselage are cooled by air provided by the [[cold air intake]]s on top of the engine nacelles. A [[drainage]] system collects oil, [[hydraulic fluid]] residues and fuel from the engines after flight or after an unsuccessful start. The engine control systems allows independent operation of each engine.<ref name="Variants5"/> The latest versions (Su-25T and TM) are equipped with improved R-195 engines.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 111.</ref>

[[File:Su-25 Nose view - Le Bourget.JPEG|thumb|Nose view of the Su-25]]
The [[autocannon]] is in a compartment beneath the cockpit, mounted on a load-bearing beam attached to the cockpit floor and the forward fuselage support structure. The nose is fitted with distinctive twin [[Pitot tube|pitot probes]] and hinges up for service access.<ref name="Design2"/>

=== Cockpit ===
[[File:Sukhoi Su-25, Russia - Air Force AN2185249.jpg|thumb|left|Cockpit]]
The [[aircraft pilot|pilot]] flies the aircraft by means of a [[centre stick]] and left hand [[throttle]]s. The pilot sits on a [[NPP Zvezda|Zvezda]] [[NPP Zvezda K-36|K-36]] ejection seat (similar to the [[Sukhoi Su-27]]) and has standard [[flight instruments]]. At the rear of the [[cockpit]] is a {{convert|6|mm|in|spell=in|adj=mid|-thick}} steel headrest, mounted on the rear bulkhead. The cockpit has a bathtub-shaped armoured enclosure of [[welded]] titanium sheets, with transit ports in the walls. Guide rails for the [[ejection seat]] are mounted on the rear wall of the cockpit.<ref name="Design2"/>

The canopy hinges open to the right and the pilot enters using the flip-down ladder. Once inside, the pilot sits low in the cockpit, protected by the bathtub assembly, which makes for a cramped cockpit. Visibility from the cockpit is limited, being a trade-off for improved pilot protection. Rearwards visibility is poor and a [[periscope]] is fitted on top of the canopy to compensate.<ref name="Goebel">Goebel, Greg. [http://www.airvectors.net/avsu25.html The Sukhoi Su-25 "Frogfoot"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205131151/http://www.airvectors.net/avsu25.html |date=5 December 2012 }}, ''airvectors.net'' website, 1 July 2011.</ref>

A folding ladder built into the left fuselage provides access to the cockpit as well as to the top of the aircraft.

===Avionics===
The base model Su-25 incorporates a number of key [[avionics]] systems. It has no TV guidance but includes a distinctive nose-mounted [[laser rangefinder]] that is thought to provide for laser-based target finding.<ref name="Goebel"/><ref name=su25K>Su-25К specification substituted, taken from [http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/lth/ "Sukhoi Company (JSC) – Airplanes – Military Aircraft – Su-25К – Aircraft performance."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722062445/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/lth/ |date=22 July 2014}} Sukhoi.org. Retrieved: 26 January 2012.</ref> A DISS-7 [[doppler radar]] is used for navigation; the Su-25 can fly at night, in [[Visual meteorological conditions|visual]] and [[instrument meteorological conditions]].

The Su-25 often has radios installed for air-to-ground and air-to-air communications, including an SO-69 identification-friend-or-foe ([[Identification friend or foe|IFF]]) transponder. The aircraft's self-defence suite includes various measures, such as [[Flare (pyrotechnic)|flare]] and [[Chaff (radar countermeasure)|chaff]] dispensers capable of launching up to 250 flares and [[dipole]] chaff. Hostile radar uses are guarded against via an SPO-15 [[radar warning receiver]].

An airtight avionics compartment is behind the cockpit and in front of the forward fuel tank.

The newer Su-25TM and Su-25SM models have an upgraded avionics and weapons suite, resulting in improved survivability and combat capability.<ref name="Variants7"/>

==Operational history==
{{Further|Operational history of the Sukhoi Su-25}}

===Soviet–Afghan War===
{{Main|List of Soviet aircraft losses during the Soviet–Afghan War}}
The first Soviet Air Force Su-25 unit was the 80th Assault Aviation Regiment, formed in February 1981 based at [[Sitalcay]] air base in the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/shap/80oshap.htm|title=80th independent Assault Aviation Regiment}}</ref> The first eleven aircraft arrived at Sitalchay in May 1981.<ref>[http://sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/history/ "Historical background."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018162650/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/history/ |date=18 October 2012}} Sukhoi.org. Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref> The 200th Independent Assault Aviation Squadron was then formed within the regiment to go to Afghanistan.

On 19 July 1981, the 200th Independent Attack Squadron was reassigned to [[Shindand Airbase]] in western [[Afghanistan]], becoming the first Su-25 unit deployed to that country. Its main task was to conduct air strikes against mountain military positions and structures controlled by the Afghan rebels.<ref name= "Combatservice">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 133–49.</ref> Another Soviet Su-25 unit was the [[368th Assault Aviation Regiment]], which was formed on 12 July 1984, at Zhovtneve in Ukraine.<ref>Rozendaal, Frank, Rene van Woezik and Tieme Festner. 'Bear tracks in Germany: The Soviet Air Force in the former German Democratic Republic: Part 1." ''[[Air International]]'', October 1992, p. 210.</ref> It was soon also moved east to conduct operations over Afghanistan.

Over the course of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]], Su-25s launched 139 guided missiles of all types against [[Mujahideen#Afghanistan|Mujahideen]] positions. On average, each aircraft performed 360 sorties a year, a total considerably higher than that of any other combat aircraft in Afghanistan. By the end of the war, nearly 50 Su-25s were deployed at Afghan airbases, carrying out a total of 60,000 sorties. Between the first deployment in 1981 and the end of the war in 1989, 21–23 aircraft were lost in combat operations, with up to nine destroyed on the ground while parked.<ref name= "Combatservice" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airvectors.net/avsu25.html |title=The Sukhoi Su-25 "Frogfoot" |work=airvectors.net |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917150601/http://www.airvectors.net/avsu25.html |archive-date=17 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Iran–Iraq War===
The Su-25 also saw combat during the [[Iran–Iraq War]] of 1980–88. The first Su-25s were commissioned by the [[Iraqi Air Force]] in 1987 and performed approximately 900 combat sorties towards the end of the war, carrying out the bulk of Iraqi air attack missions. During the most intense combat of the war, Iraqi Su-25s performed up to 15 sorties per day, each. In one recorded incident, an Iraqi Su-25 was shot down by an Iranian, [[MIM-23 Hawk|Hawk]] [[surface-to-air missile]], but the pilot managed to eject. This was the only confirmed, successful Iranian shootdown of an Iraqi Su-25. After the war, [[Saddam Hussein]] decorated all of the Iraqi Air Force's Su-25 pilots with the country's highest [[Military awards and decorations|military decoration]].<ref name="Combatservice"/>

===Gulf War===
[[File:Iraqi Su-25 - Gulf War 1991.jpg|thumb|An Iraqi Su-25 destroyed during Operation Desert Storm]]

During the [[Gulf War]] of 1991, the air superiority of the coalition forces was so great that the majority of Iraqi Su-25s did not even manage to get airborne. On 25 January 1991, seven Iraqi Air Force Su-25s fled from Iraq and landed in Iran.<ref name="Iran">{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.co.uk/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw060913_1_n.shtml |title=Iran bolsters Su-25 fleet |access-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008004044/http://www.janes.co.uk/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw060913_1_n.shtml |archive-date=8 October 2007}}. ''Jane's Defence Weekly'', 13 September 2006.</ref>

On the evening of 6 February 1991, two [[United States Air Force|US Air Force]] [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle|F-15C Eagle]] fighters of the 53rd Tactical Fighter Squadron, operating from [[Al Kharj Air Base]] in [[Saudi Arabia]], intercepted a pair of Iraqi MiG-21s and a pair of Su-25s. All four Iraqi aircraft were shot down, with both Su-25s coming down in the desert not far from the Iraqi border with Iran. This was the Iraqi Su-25s' only air combat of the war.<ref name="Combatservice"/>

===Abkhazian War===
The Georgian government used Su-25s in 1992–93 against Abkhaz [[separatist]]s during the [[War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)|First Abkhazian War]].<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979327,00.html "Siege of Sukhumi."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306193406/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979327,00.html |date=6 March 2008 }} ''[[Time Magazine]]'', 4 October 1993.</ref> A [[Georgian Air Force]] Su-25 was shot down over Nizhnaya [[Eshera]] on 4 July 1993 by an [[9K34 Strela-3]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/PROJECT/YEAR_Pages/1993.htm |title=2005 |work=ejection-history.org.uk |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923235258/http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/PROJECT/YEAR_Pages/1993.htm |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Cooper |first=Tom |title=Georgia and Abkhazia, 1992–1993: the War of Datchas |url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_282.shtml |publisher=ACIG.org |access-date=18 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303054854/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_282.shtml |archive-date=3 March 2008 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Another Georgian Su-25 was shot down on 13 July 1993 with a [[9K32 Strela-2]] [[Man-portable air-defense system|MANPADS]],<ref name="skywar.ru">{{cite web|url=http://www.skywar.ru/oldussr.html|title=CIS region – Авиация в локальных конфликтах|website=Skywar.ru|access-date=27 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419153207/http://www.skywar.ru/oldussr.html|archive-date=19 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> while another Su-25 was downed by friendly fire by a [[ZU-23-2]] on 4 July.<ref name="skywar.ru"/> The Russian Air Force also lost an Su-25 during war, the aircraft crashed due to a pilot's mistake while providing CAS for Abkhaz forces.<ref name="skywar.ru"/>

===First Chechen War===
{{Main|First Chechen War}}

Russian Su-25s were employed during the First Chechen War. Together with other Russian Air Force air assets, they achieved air supremacy for Russian Forces. On 29 November 1994, attacking all four Chechen military bases, Russian Su-25 from the 368th Assault Aviation Regiment (OShAP) destroyed up to 266 Chechen aircraft on the ground, mostly not airworthy.<ref name="skywar.ru 2">{{cite web |url=http://skywar.ru/chechenyaen.html |title=Chechenya – Air force in local wars |website=skywar.ru |access-date=3 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308111022/http://skywar.ru/chechenyaen.html |archive-date=8 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Air Force's deployed assets performed around 9,000 air sorties, with around 5,300 being strike sorties during the Chechen campaign between 1994 and 1996. The Russian [[4th Air Army]] had 140 Sukhoi Su-17Ms, [[Su-24]]s and Su-25s in the war zone supported by an [[Beriev A-50|A-50]] AWACS aircraft. The employed munitions were generally unguided S-5, S-8, and S-24 rockets, as well as FAB-250 and FAB-500 bombs, while only 2.3% of the strikes used precision-guided [[Kh-25]]ML missiles, KAB-500L and KAB-500KR smart bombs when weather conditions were suitable.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj97/win97/thomas.pdf |title=The Air University page |publisher=Maxwell AFB |access-date=3 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181506/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj97/win97/thomas.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Russian forces were not able to properly take advantage of the air supremacy due to obsolete air tactics that focused the Air Force on useless tasks in this type of war such as Combat Air Patrols.<ref>[http://www.sras.org/military_learning_between_the_chechen_wars "Military Learning Between the Chechen Wars."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213011857/http://www.sras.org/military_learning_between_the_chechen_wars |date=13 December 2011 }} Sras.org. Retrieved: 26 January 2012.</ref> The Russian air losses were low since no integrated air defense was fielded by the Chechens.<ref name="civilresearch.org">[http://www.civilresearch.org/pdf/7.pdf "Caucasian diamond traffic&nbsp;– Part 2."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051012110118/http://www.civilresearch.org/pdf/7.pdf |date=12 October 2005 }} ''civilresearch.org.'' Retrieved: 26 January 2012.</ref>

On 4 February 1995, a Russian Su-25 was shot down by [[ZSU-23-4]] Shilka antiaircraft fire over Belgatoi Gekhi, five kilometers southeast of Grozny. The pilot, Maj. Nikolay Bairov, ejected but died impacting the ground as his parachute did not deploy on time. Another Su-25 piloted by Lt. Col. Evgeny Derkulsky was damaged by ground fire on the same day, but managed to land at [[Mozdok, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania|Mozdok]] air base, where the aircraft was repaired.<ref name="skywar.ru 2"/> On 5 May 1995, another Russian Su-25 was downed near Serzhen-Yurt by [[.50 BMG|12.7 mm]] fire while on a low-altitude patrol. The pilot, Col. Vladimir Sarabeyev, was killed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mashar.free.fr/mil_avi.htm |title=Frontal and Army Aviation in the Chechen Conflict |access-date=4 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517020721/http://mashar.free.fr/mil_avi.htm |archive-date=17 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 4 April 1996, another Su-25 fell either to ZU-23-2 fire while either making a reconnaissance flight or attacking the village of Goiskoye. The pilot, Maj. Alexander Matvienko, ejected and was recovered by a friendly helicopter returning to the airbase in [[Khankala]], Grozny.<ref name="ejection-history.org.uk">[http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Aircraft_by_Type/Su_25.htm "Aircraft by type."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923234904/http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Aircraft_by_Type/Su_25.htm |date=23 September 2015 }} Ejection-history.org.uk. Retrieved: 26 January 2012.</ref> On 5 May 1996, a two-seat Su-25UB was downed with an 9K34 Strela-3 MANPADS near the village of Mairtup while on reconnaissance. Both pilots, Col. Igor Sviryidov and Maj. Oleg Isayev, were killed in the crash. It was the fourth Su-25 shot down and fifth Russian fixed wing aircraft lost, since the start of the war in December 1994.<ref name="civilresearch.org"/><ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/1996/05/06/rebels-down-russian-plane-in-chechnya/ "Rebels Down Russian Plane In Chechnya."]  ''Chicago Tribune'', 6 May 1996. Retrieved: 26 January 2012.</ref>

===Second Chechen War===
{{Main|Second Chechen War|List of Russian aircraft losses in the Second Chechen War}}

Russian Air Force Su-25s were extensively used during the [[Second Chechen War]] in particular during the first phase when Russian forces were invading the self-proclaimed [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria]].<ref>Goebel, Greg. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020417054523/http://vectorsite.net/avsu25.html "The Sukhoi Su-25 'Frogfoot'."]}} Vectorsite.net. Retrieved: 26 January 2012. </ref> Up to seven Russian Su-25s were lost,<ref name="civilresearch.org"/> one to hostile fire: on 4 October 1999, a Su-25 was shot down by a MANPADS during a reconnaissance mission over the village of Tolstoy-Yurt killing its pilot. The wings of the aircraft were put on a pedestal in the central square in Grozny.<ref name="ejection-history.org.uk"/><ref>[http://www.greatdreams.com/terrruss.htm "Russia/Chechnya – Terrorism Leads To War."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926205740/http://www.greatdreams.com/terrruss.htm |date=26 September 2011 }} Greatdreams.com. Retrieved: 26 January 2012.</ref>

===Ethiopian–Eritrean War===
{{Main|Ethiopian–Eritrean War}}

Su-25 attack aircraft were used by the [[Ethiopian Air Force]] to strike [[Eritrea]]n targets. On 15 May 2000, An Ethiopian Su-25 was shot down by an Eritrean Air Force [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]], killing the pilot.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100201234428/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_189.shtml "Ethiopia."]}} acig.org. Retrieved: 10 August 2010.</ref>

===2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia===
{{Main|2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia}}

Su-25s were used by the [[Macedonian Air Force]] but flown by Ukrainian pilots during the conflict against Albanian separatists. Beginning on 24 June 2001, the aircraft made multiple attack runs against separatist positions. The Su-25s were only used during the [[Battle of Raduša]] on the last day.<ref name="Operators4">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 100–102.</ref>

===War in Darfur===
{{Main|War in Darfur}}

[[Sudan]] has used Su-25s in attacks on rebel targets and possibly civilians in [[Darfur]].<ref name="reuters.com2">[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69L4ON20101022 "Disputed attack jets seen by U.N. envoys in Darfur."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129002129/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69L4ON20101022 |date=29 November 2010 }} Reuters.</ref>

===Ivorian-French clashes===
{{Main|2004 French–Ivorian clashes|First Ivorian Civil War}}

During the [[First Ivorian Civil War|Ivorian Civil War]], Su-25s were used by government forces to attack rebel targets. On 6 November 2004, at least one Ivorian Sukhoi Su-25 attacked a unit of France's Unicorn peacekeeping forces stationed in [[Bouaké]], killing nine soldiers, a U.S. development worker and wounding 37 soldiers.<ref name="english.people.com.cn">[http://english.people.com.cn/200411/08/eng20041108_163089.html "Nine French soldiers killed in Cote d'Ivoire."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012221942/http://english.people.com.cn/200411/08/eng20041108_163089.html |date=12 October 2007 }} ''People's Daily Online'', 8 November 2004.</ref> Shortly afterwards, the French military retaliated by attacking the air base in [[Yamoussoukro]] and destroyed the Ivorian air force, heavily damaging the two Su-25s responsible for the attack.<ref name="IAFlosses">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2005/01/24/un-allows-gbagbo-transfer-damaged-planes|title= UN allows Gbagbo to transfer damaged planes|work=The New Humanitarian|date=24 January 2005}}</ref><ref>Cooper, Tom with Alexander Mladenov. {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20120717021233/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_463.shtml "Cote d'Ivoire, since 2002."]}} ''ACIG Journal'', 5 August 2004.</ref>

===2008 Russia–Georgia war===
{{Main|Russo-Georgian War}}
[[File:Su-25 93 red (4524872585).jpg|thumb|A Russian Su-25]]

In August 2008, Su-25s were used by both Georgia and Russia during the 2008 Russia–Georgia war. Su-25s of the Georgian Air Force participated in providing air support for troops during [[Battle of Tskhinvali]] and launched bombing raids on targets in [[South Ossetia]].<ref name="gewarplanes">"N. Ossetia president: Georgian planes bomb out humanitarian aid convoy for S. Ossetia." [[Interfax]], 8 August 2008.</ref> Russian military Su-25s struck Georgian forces in South Ossetia, and undertook air raids on targets in Georgia.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL768040420080808?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 "Fighting rages in Georgian separatist capital."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603132922/http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL768040420080808?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 |date=3 June 2009 }} [[Reuters]], 8 August 2008.</ref> The Russian military officially confirmed the loss of three Su-25 aircraft to the Georgian air defense, though the ''Moscow Defense Brief'' suggests four.<ref name= two_more_lost>[http://www.lenta.ru/news/2008/08/11/planes/ "General staff recognized the loss of two more aircraft."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417083109/http://lenta.ru/news/2008/08/11/planes/ |date=17 April 2010 }} [[Russia|RU]]: ''Lenta'', 11 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008. [https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2008%2F08%2F11%2Fplanes%2F&sl=ru&tl=en&hl=&ie=UTF-8 English translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930180214/http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lenta.ru%2Fnews%2F2008%2F08%2F11%2Fplanes%2F&sl=ru&tl=en&hl=&ie=UTF-8 |date=30 September 2015 }}.</ref><ref>Barabanov, Mikhail. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090416225801/http://www.mdb.cast.ru/mdb/3-2008/item3/article1/ "The August War between Russia and Georgia."] ''Moscow Defense Brief''. Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref> The three Russian aircraft were reportedly downed by Georgian [[Buk-M1]] air defence units.<ref name="rapidreaction"/> Georgian Su-25s were able to operate at night.<ref name="rapidreaction">[http://www.iiss.org/EasysiteWeb/getresource.axd?AssetID=20268&type=full&servicetype=Attachment "Russia's rapid reaction."] International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 11 November 2012. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726012355/http://www.iiss.org/EasysiteWeb/getresource.axd?AssetID=20268&type=full&servicetype=Attachment |date=26 July 2009 }}</ref> In early August 2008, Russian Su-25s attacked the [[Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing]] plant, where the Su-25 is produced, dropping bombs on the factory's airfield.<ref>Nowak, David (for Associated Press). "Russian air raid targets Tbilisi factory; fighting continues to rage in South Ossetia".] ''Newser'', 10 August 2008.</ref>

===Iran===
On 1 November 2012, two Iranian Su-25s fired cannon bursts at a USAF [[MQ-1 Predator]] drone {{cvt|30|km|mi nmi}} off the Iranian coast. The Iranian government has claimed that the drone violated its airspace.<ref>Stewart, Phil. [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-drone-idUSBRE8A71C520121108 "Iranian warplanes fired on U.S. drone over Gulf: Pentagon."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924171910/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/08/us-usa-iran-drone-idUSBRE8A71C520121108 |date=24 September 2015 }} Reuters, 5 November 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/11/20121182048162355.html "Iranian fighters 'fired on US drone in Gulf' – Middle East."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110091219/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/11/20121182048162355.html |date=10 November 2012 }} Al Jazeera English, 8 November 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref><ref>Starr, Barbara. [http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2012/11/08/first-on-cnn-iranian-jets-fire-on-u-s-drone/?hpt=hp_t1 "First on CNN: Iranian jets fire on U.S. drone."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111010220/http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2012/11/08/first-on-cnn-iranian-jets-fire-on-u-s-drone/?hpt=hp_t1 |date=11 November 2012 }} CNN, 8 November 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2012.</ref>

===War in Donbas===
{{Main|2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine|List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War}}
[[File:Sukhoi Su-25 of Ukrainian Air Force.jpeg|thumb|Sukhoi Su-25s of the Ukrainian Air Force in 2013]]
Ukrainian armed forces deployed aircraft over insurgent Eastern regions starting in spring 2014. On 26 May 2014, Ukrainian Su-25s supported Mi-24 helicopters during a military operation to regain control over the airport in [[Donetsk]], during which the Su-25s fired air to ground rockets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://theaviationist.com/2014/05/27/ukrainian-offensive-donetsk/ |title=The Aviationist » Impressive Videos of the Ukrainian Air Strikes on Donetsk |work=The Aviationist |date=27 May 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119214614/http://theaviationist.com/2014/05/27/ukrainian-offensive-donetsk/ |archive-date=19 November 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 July 2014, one Ukrainian Su-25 crashed due to a technical fault.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://interfax.com.ua/news/general/211777.html |title=Штурмовик Су-25 разбился в Днепропетровске из-за неисправности, пилот жив |publisher=[[Interfax-Ukraine]] |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=2 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707222603/http://interfax.com.ua/news/general/211777.html |archive-date=7 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/su-25-attack-aircraft-crashes-in-dnipropetrovsk-354358.html |title=Su-25 attack aircraft crashes in Dnipropetrovsk |work=KyivPost |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002135658/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/su-25-attack-aircraft-crashes-in-dnipropetrovsk-354358.html |archive-date=2 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 16 July 2014, an Su-25 was shot down, with Ukrainian officials stating that a Russian MiG-29 shot it down using a [[R-27 (air-to-air missile)|R-27T]] missile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/sbu-releases-more-conversations-implicating-russia-in-shooting-down-malaysia-airlines-flight-video-transcript-2-356778.html |title=SBU releases more conversations implicating Russia in shooting down Malaysia Airlines flight (VIDEO, TRANSCRIPT) |work=KyivPost |date=19 July 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002230942/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/sbu-releases-more-conversations-implicating-russia-in-shooting-down-malaysia-airlines-flight-video-transcript-2-356778.html |archive-date=2 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://uacrisis.org/rechnik-rnbo/ |title=Spokesman for National Security and Defense Council Information Center: Malaysian Flight MH-17 was outside the range of Ukraine's surface to air defense systems – Ukraine Crisis Media Center – UACRISIS.ORG |work=uacrisis.org |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128142237/http://uacrisis.org/rechnik-rnbo/ |archive-date=28 November 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Russia denied these allegations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia Rejects 'Absurd' Accusation Over Downed Ukrainian Jet |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-russia-jet-shot-down-blame/25460575.html |newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=17 July 2014 |access-date=20 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717140524/http://www.rferl.org/content/ukraine-russia-jet-shot-down-blame/25460575.html |archive-date=17 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 23 July 2014, two Su-25s were shot down in the Donetsk region of Ukraine. A spokesperson for the [[National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine]] said the aircraft were shot down by missiles fired from Russia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/ukraine-jets-downed-missiles-fired-russia/story?id=24674661 |title=Ukraine Says Two Jets Downed By Missiles Fired From Russia |first=Aaron |last=Katersky |work=ABC News |date=23 July 2014 |access-date=25 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725094747/https://abcnews.go.com/International/ukraine-jets-downed-missiles-fired-russia/story?id=24674661 |archive-date=25 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 29 August 2014, a Ukrainian Su-25 was shot down by pro-Russian rebels. The Ukrainian authorities said the downing was due to a Russian missile without clarifying if they mean Russian made or fired by Russian forces. The pilot managed to eject safely. On the same day, pro-Russian rebels claimed the downing of up to four Su-25s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukrainian-fighter-jet-shot-down-by-russian-missile-in-donbas-362666.html?flavour=mobile |title=Ukrainian fighter jet shot down by Russian missile in Donbas |work=Kyiv Post |date=30 August 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004191749/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukrainian-fighter-jet-shot-down-by-russian-missile-in-donbas-362666.html?flavour=mobile |archive-date=4 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=169382 |title=ASN Aircraft accident 29-AUG-2014 Sukhoi Su-25M1 08 YELLOW |access-date=4 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073138/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=169382 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 9 February 2015, the pro-Russian forces indirectly acknowledged, for the first time, with a reference to a Ukrainian media source, their use of Su-25 against Ukrainian forces during the [[Battle of Debaltseve|fighting near Debaltsevo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rusvesna.su/news/1423482673 |title=МОЛНИЯ: Ополчение применило авиацию под Дебальцево – 2 штурмовика СУ-25 нанесли удар по позициям 40-го батальона, – источник |work=rusvesna.su |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511221313/http://rusvesna.su/news/1423482673 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2014 Northern Iraq offensive===
{{Main|Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)}}
[[File:Iraq Air Force Conduct Maintenance on SU-25 Jets DVIDS7029641.jpg|thumb|An Iraqi Air Force Su-25]]
On 29 June 2014, it was reported that Iraq claimed to have received the first batch of [[second hand]] Su-25s ordered from Russia in order to fight [[Islamic State]] forces. An Iraqi defense ministry source claimed the aircraft would be in service "within three to four days", despite the fact that the Iraqis require technical help and parts to make them operational, and the fact that the Russian made aircraft are incompatible with the Iraqi Air force's inventory of American made [[AGM-114 Hellfire|Hellfire]] missiles.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28077273 "Iraq receives Russian fighter jets to fight rebels"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013103458/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-28077273 |date=13 October 2018 }}. BBC News, 29 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iraq-takes-delivery-russian-fighter-jets-201462944837214478.html "Iraq takes delivery of Russian fighter jets"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703023658/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iraq-takes-delivery-russian-fighter-jets-201462944837214478.html |date=3 July 2014 }}. Al Jazeera. 29 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</ref>

The [[Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Air Force]] delivered seven Su-25s on 1 July 2014, the majority of which were ex-Iraqi aircraft from the Gulf War.<ref name="'Iranian attack jets deployed' to help Iraq fight Isis2">{{citation|title='Iranian attack jets deployed' to help Iraq fight Isis|date=2 July 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28125687|author=Jonathan Marcus|work=BBC News|access-date=2 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702213451/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28125687|archive-date=2 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> They were quickly pushed into combat, performing air raids as early as the beginning of August 2014 and later expanding their area of operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/who-bombed-isis-militants-on-august-7-2014-8?IR=T |title=Who Bombed ISIS Militants on August 7? |date=8 August 2014 |work=Business Insider |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725120120/http://www.businessinsider.com/who-bombed-isis-militants-on-august-7-2014-8?IR=T |archive-date=25 July 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://airheadsfly.com/2014/12/26/iraqi-su-25s-debut-in-combat-isis-in-the-north/ |title=Iraqi Su-25s debut in combat ISIS in the North |work=AIRheads↑FLY |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404032541/http://airheadsfly.com/2014/12/26/iraqi-su-25s-debut-in-combat-isis-in-the-north/ |archive-date=4 April 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Iraqi Su-25s flew the bulk of the sorties against the Islamic State, with 3562 missions between June 2014 and December 2017, by which time ISIS had lost control of all the territory it formerly controlled in Iraq. That compares to 514 sorties flown by the Iraqi fleet of F-16IQ fighters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/20330/iraqs-an-32-cargo-planes-turned-bombers-flew-nearly-twice-as-many-strikes-as-its-f-16s|title=Iraq's An-32 Cargo Planes Turned Bombers Flew Nearly Twice As Many Strikes As its F-16s|first=Joseph|last=Trevithick|website=thedrive.com|date=23 April 2018 |access-date=26 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064602/http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/20330/iraqs-an-32-cargo-planes-turned-bombers-flew-nearly-twice-as-many-strikes-as-its-f-16s|archive-date=27 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Russian military intervention in Syria===
{{Main|Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war}}

In September 2015, it was reported that at least a dozen Su-25 were deployed by Russia to an airfield near [[Latakia]], Syria, to support the Russian forces there who were taking part in the Syrian offensive against [[ISIL]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.unian.info/world/1130803-pentagon-releases-satellite-images-of-russian-aircraft-in-syria.html |title=Pentagon releases satellite images of Russian aircraft in Syria |work=unian.info |access-date=21 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018152759/http://www.unian.info/world/1130803-pentagon-releases-satellite-images-of-russian-aircraft-in-syria.html |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 2 October 2015, Russian Su-24M and Su-25 attack aircraft destroyed an ISIL command post in the Idlib province, while Su-34 and Su-25 aircraft eliminated an ISIL fortified bunker in the Hama province.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} By 15 March 2016, with the scaling down of Russian presence in Syria, Russian Su-25s had performed over 1,600 sorties in Syria while dropping 6,000 bombs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tass.ru/en/defense/862862 |title=TASS: Military & Defense – Russia's Su-25 warplanes dropped 6,000 bombs during operation in Syria |date=16 March 2016 |work=TASS |access-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318150840/http://tass.ru/en/defense/862862 |archive-date=18 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 3 February 2018 a Russian Su-25 was shot down over Idlib by rebel fighters who used a [[MANPADS]]. A Syrian militant said that the pilot, [[Roman Filipov]], ejected safely but killed himself with a grenade to avoid capture.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/syrien-rebellen-in-idlib-schiessen-russischen-kampfjet-ab-a-1191290.html |title=Im Nordwesten Syriens: Rebellen schießen russischen Kampfjet ab – und töten Piloten |date=3 February 2018 |work=Spiegel Online |access-date=3 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204091442/http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/syrien-rebellen-in-idlib-schiessen-russischen-kampfjet-ab-a-1191290.html |archive-date=4 February 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russian-warplane-shot-down-syria-pilot-killed-1.4518395 |title=Pilot killed after Syrian rebels down Russian warplane |website=cbc.ca |access-date=3 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203211326/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russian-warplane-shot-down-syria-pilot-killed-1.4518395 |archive-date=3 February 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/05/russia-rains-retaliatory-strikes-rebel-held-idlib-jet-downed/ |title=Russian pilot shouts 'this is for our guys' as he blows himself up to evade capture in Syria |first1=Josie |last1=Ensor |first2=Matthew |last2=Bodner |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 February 2018 |access-date=9 February 2018 |via=telegraph.co.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208142520/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/05/russia-rains-retaliatory-strikes-rebel-held-idlib-jet-downed/ |archive-date=8 February 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nypost.com/2018/02/05/russian-pilot-blows-himself-up-to-avoid-capture-from-jihadists/ |title=Russian pilot blows himself up to avoid capture by jihadists |date=5 February 2018 |website=nypost.com |access-date=9 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210120936/https://nypost.com/2018/02/05/russian-pilot-blows-himself-up-to-avoid-capture-from-jihadists/ |archive-date=10 February 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War===
{{Main|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War}}
[[File:09 blue SU-25 Frogfoot Azerbaijan Air Force Konya AFB 30.6.22 (52200833201).jpg|thumb|An Azerbaijani Su-25 in 2022]]
On 29 September 2020, [[Armenia]]n Defense Ministry claimed that an [[Armenian Air Force]] Su-25 was shot down by a [[Turkish Air Force]] [[F-16]], killing the pilot. However [[Turkey]] denied the allegation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Турецкий истребитель сбил Су-25 ВВС Армении |url=https://ria.ru/20200929/istrebitel-1577957095.html |publisher=RIA |date=29 September 2020 |access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=16 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016002120/https://ria.ru/20200929/istrebitel-1577957095.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haberturk.com/son-dakika-haberleri-iletisim-baskani-fahrettin-altun-turkiye-ermeni-ucagini-vurmadi-2818995|title=Son dakika haberleri! İletişim Başkanı Fahrettin Altun: Türkiye Ermeni uçağını vurmadı – Dünya Haberleri|website=haberturk.com|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001185021/https://www.haberturk.com/son-dakika-haberleri-iletisim-baskani-fahrettin-altun-turkiye-ermeni-ucagini-vurmadi-2818995|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia says its fighter jet 'shot down by Turkey' |website=BBC News |date=29 September 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54345622 |access-date=17 October 2020 |archive-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021224228/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54345622 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 4 October 2020, an Azerbaijani Air force Su-25 aircraft was shot down, by Armenian forces, probably with a [[9K33 Osa]] while targeting Armenian positions in Fuzuli. The pilot, [[Zaur Nudiraliyev|Col. Zaur Nudiraliyev]] died in the crash. Azerbaijani officials acknowledged the loss in December 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Asir_dusmemek_uchun_Su_25_doyus_teyyaresini_dusmen_sengerine_chirpan_sehid_polkovnik_Zaur_Nudireliyev_VIDEO-1674563?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=b725bc84f4fc754319b8dacfc045414edc673601-1609122188-0-Af6CScwG-QNosTP35mL1VMUuA7xk9QvwWdKwniRdhsj0hqHSI-z9WtEsk5QxtMmDPnQvQBn23SBFwp9f4NqwF-hyHYEaLAglzOU2Gr_RjGZjydtw6WtHPbAcgVz_pcw_zLlVsuSE_DWb-mo41BpwriVI7mMrb_PREjIajOg8FF1aegs2XKZCd66ACdppK7KGTch91GRTqNURlaKtUTfnNamGxdN3b8OrOlvGIiwgGgNPQCzbXvrxe87y2cYs0j4mMu7jh4JF2QMjyr-rxR7reUdLxJ4DGq6bwgCqam-ysIap8yhh0EDq0vgy2Uqp3U7waxo9ow1MlMR01-2UMAd-I0AjRAYtkxd5RLE_lOnd2Nm6VcB1caSuEys30U2npsEorZHbBWtrUOxYrr7j1AVYtuVMVm77ACEC9B9SEQSAqto5bTZ7D_MS0MLdVqM9ZCxw3kyePr3h0cou4cqF7ynJhPRoxTmNpGW-_qmgk4E5YVVrRl2gWAUHta7VPlyyYhkWtjeE21Ho1ZKhSZWVLyZFj2NWIFV0qlbn_iiSotKuIKWEj2Wj7kdxvJ5xzVFGfoDVLg|title=Əsir düşməmək üçün "Su-25" döyüş təyyarəsini düşmən səngərinə çırpan şəhid polkovnik Zaur Nudirəliyev VİDEO|date=27 December 2020|language=az|access-date=16 January 2021|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122040118/https://azertag.az/xeber/Asir_dusmemek_uchun_Su_25_doyus_teyyaresini_dusmen_sengerine_chirpan_sehid_polkovnik_Zaur_Nudireliyev_VIDEO-1674563?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=b725bc84f4fc754319b8dacfc045414edc673601-1609122188-0-Af6CScwG-QNosTP35mL1VMUuA7xk9QvwWdKwniRdhsj0hqHSI-z9WtEsk5QxtMmDPnQvQBn23SBFwp9f4NqwF-hyHYEaLAglzOU2Gr_RjGZjydtw6WtHPbAcgVz_pcw_zLlVsuSE_DWb-mo41BpwriVI7mMrb_PREjIajOg8FF1aegs2XKZCd66ACdppK7KGTch91GRTqNURlaKtUTfnNamGxdN3b8OrOlvGIiwgGgNPQCzbXvrxe87y2cYs0j4mMu7jh4JF2QMjyr-rxR7reUdLxJ4DGq6bwgCqam-ysIap8yhh0EDq0vgy2Uqp3U7waxo9ow1MlMR01-2UMAd-I0AjRAYtkxd5RLE_lOnd2Nm6VcB1caSuEys30U2npsEorZHbBWtrUOxYrr7j1AVYtuVMVm77ACEC9B9SEQSAqto5bTZ7D_MS0MLdVqM9ZCxw3kyePr3h0cou4cqF7ynJhPRoxTmNpGW-_qmgk4E5YVVrRl2gWAUHta7VPlyyYhkWtjeE21Ho1ZKhSZWVLyZFj2NWIFV0qlbn_iiSotKuIKWEj2Wj7kdxvJ5xzVFGfoDVLg|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/armenian-air-defenses-shot-down-azerbaijani-su-25-during-karabakh-conflict-pilot-was-killed-media/|title=Armenian air defenses shot down Azerbaijani Su-25 during Karabakh conflict, pilot was killed: media|work=Al-Masdar News|date=27 December 2020|access-date=16 January 2021|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122065323/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/armenian-air-defenses-shot-down-azerbaijani-su-25-during-karabakh-conflict-pilot-was-killed-media/|url-status=dead}}</ref> while disclosing a major role of crewed aviation being hidden during the active phase of the conflict with more than 600 airstrikes by crewed aviation from 27 September 2020 to 9 November 2020, with the Su-25 fleet, tasked with the critical role of suppression and destruction of the enemy air defense among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scramble.nl/military-news/combat-missions-of-the-azerbaijani-air-force-in-the-second-karabakh-war|title=Combat missions of the Azerbaijani Air Force in the Second Karabakh War|first=Hans van|last=Herk|website=scramble.nl|date=27 December 2020 |access-date=16 January 2021|archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121223408/https://www.scramble.nl/military-news/combat-missions-of-the-azerbaijani-air-force-in-the-second-karabakh-war|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine===
{{main|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War}}

====Russian service====
On 24 February 2022, Russia reported the loss of an Su-25 due to "pilot error."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/russian-defense-ministry-says-it-has-destroyed-dozens-of-ukrainian-military-facility-and-lost-one-fighter-jet-01645718753|title=Russian Defense Ministry says it has destroyed dozens of Ukrainian military facilities and lost one fighter jet|via=Associated Press|website=MarketWatch|access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> On 1 March, a Russian Su-25SM was lost over Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mignews.com/news/ukraine/ili-my-ili-nacisty-v-ukraine-ubit-polkovnik-vks-rf.html|title="Или мы, или нацисты". В Украине убит полковник ВКС РФ|date=25 March 2022|work=Migworld|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.rambler.ru/army/48226117-v-samare-prostilis-s-zemlyakom-geroicheski-pogibshim-v-hode-spetsoperatsii-po-zaschite-dnr-i-lnr/|title=В Самаре простились с земляком, героически погибшим в ходе спецоперации по защите ДНР и ЛНР Об этом сообщает "Рамблер".|language=ru|work=News Rambler|date=March 2022 }}</ref> The next day, another Russian Su-25SM, registration number ''RF-91961'' - Red 07, was shot down in Makariv, Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/vijskovo-istorychnyj-muzej-kyyeva-popovnyvsya-ulamkamy-rosijskogo-shturmovyka/ |title=Військово-історичний музей Києва поповнився уламками російського штурмовика|language=uk|work=mil.in.ua|date=1 May 2022}}</ref> On 4 March, two Russian Su-25SMs, the first with registration number ''RF-93026'', were lost over Volnovakha, Ukraine. The second, with callsign ''Red 04'', was lost along with its pilot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3420237-ukrainian-defenders-destroy-one-more-enemy-su25-together-with-pilot.html|title=Ukrainian defenders destroy one more enemy Su-25 together with pilot|date=4 March 2022|work=Ukrinform|language=en}}</ref> Images of the aircraft wrecks were displayed on social media.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44576/russian-forces-now-occupy-europes-largest-nuclear-plant-in-ukraine|title=Russian Forces Now Occupy Europe's Largest Nuclear Plant In Ukraine|work=The Drive|date=4 March 2022|quote=Earlier today, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense published a photo of the wreckage of a Russian Aerospace Forces Su-25 Frogfoot ground-attack aircraft, a type that has apparently already seen extensive use with both sides during the conflict. Unconfirmed reports suggest that a Russian Mi-8 helicopter that may have arrived on the scene of the crash to assist was in turn brought down by Ukrainian air defenses. At this stage, this is only speculation, however.}}</ref> On 7 March, an Su-25 was lost during a combat mission in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5259805|title="Нужно завершить начатое дело"|language=ru|date=17 March 2022|work=[[Kommersant]]|quote=Oleg Chervov was buried at the memorial to military pilots on the Alley of Heroes of the Komintern cemetery in Voronezh...In the upper part of the monument to Major Filipov, there is a Su-25 attack aircraft directed into the sky - Oleg Chervov also flew on the same plane.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://novostivoronezha.ru/2022/03/16/226971|title=В Воронеже похоронили замкомандира авиаполка, погибшего во время спецоперации на Украине|work=Novosti Voronezha(Voronezh News)|date=16 March 2022|language=ru}}</ref> On 10 March, one Su-25 with registration number ''RF-91969'' was shot down near Kyiv and the pilot killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/276346|work=Aviation Safety Network|title=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 276346|date=10 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/zsu-zbyly-rosijskyj-su-25sm-litak-identyfikuvaly/|title=ЗСУ збили російський Су-25СМ – літак ідентифікували|date=10 March 2022|work=mil.in.ua|language=uk}}</ref> On 14 March, a Russian Su-25 was damaged by enemy fire, likely MANPADs, but managed to return to its base.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/watch-russian-sukhoi-su-25-aircraft-safely-lands-after-being-hit-by-ukrainian-manpads-462304|title=Watch: Russian Sukhoi Su-25 aircraft safely lands after being hit by Ukrainian MANPADS|work=Wion News|date=16 March 2022}}</ref> On 24 May Ukraine claimed to have shot down retired Major General [[Kanamat Botashev]] flying an Su-25 using a Stinger missile. It was unknown if he was in service, or a private military contractor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=63-Year-Old Retired Russian Fighter Pilot Shot Down In Su-25 Over Ukraine |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/63-year-old-retired-russian-fighter-pilot-shot-down-in-su-25-over-ukraine |date=24 May 2022|language=en}}</ref>

On 22 October 2023, Ukraine claimed to have shot down five Russian Su-25s, over the preceding ten days, during fighting in Donetsk.<ref>{{Cite news |date= 25 October 2023 |url= https://www.businessinsider.com/why-ukraine-been-able-pummel-the-russian-airforce-in-october-2023-10?amp |title= How Ukraine is beating the Russian airforce with US missiles |website= businessinsider.co |publisher= The Kyiv Post |author= Rebecca Rommen  |access-date= 27 October 2023}}</ref>

In late April 2024, Su-25s were flying unimpeded over [[Chasiv Yar]], which, according to military analyst Rob Lee, indicated “a clear sign of a lack of Ukrainian air defense ammunition.”<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/22/europe/ukraine-awaits-us-military-aid-intl-cmd/index.html |title= 'Our artillery is starving:' Ukraine holds its breath as US set to approve $60bn of military aid |work=CNN|author= Andy Carey|author2=Tim Lister |date=23 April 2024}}</ref>

On 4 May 2024, the [[110th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)]] claimed to have shot down a Su-25 over Donetsk Oblast.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-shoots-down-russian-su-25-aircraft-in-donetsk-oblast-zelensky-says/ |title= Ukraine shoots down Russian Su-25 aircraft in Donetsk Oblast, Zelensky says |work=The Kyiv Independent |author= Kateryna Denisova |date=4 May 2024}}</ref>

As of October 24, 2025, Russia has been visually confirmed to have lost at least 40 Su-25s (38 destroyed, 2 damaged).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oryx |title=Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=Oryx}}</ref>


On June 13, 2025, an Su-25 was captured on video using unguided rocket to get the type's first air-to-air kill, another Su-25, flown by the pilot's wingman in the friendly fire accident<ref>{{Cite web |title=Downed by Their Own: Russian Su-25 Hit in Friendly Fire Incident, Caught on Video |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/54473 |date=2025-06-13 |website=Kiev Post}}</ref>

====Ukrainian service====
[[File:President took part in the festive Parade of Troops on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of Ukraine's independence. (51716934630).jpg|thumb|Ukrainian Su-25s performing a [[flypast]] during the [[Kyiv Independence Day Parade]] on 24 August 2021]]
[[File:Aviatehniky-3.jpg|thumb|Ukrainian Air Force Sukhoi Su-25 in 2023]]
The Ukrainian Air force also operates Su-25s. On 26 February 2022 three Su-25s from the [[299th Tactical Aviation Brigade]] were lost. "Blue 19" and "Blue 30" were shot down over the Kherson region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theaviationist.com/2022/03/18/su-25-crashing-ukraine/ |title=Dramatic Video Shows Ukrainian Su-25 Crashing During Attack On Russian Convoy At The End Of February|work=The Aviatonist|date=18 March 2022}}</ref> The pilots were presumed dead. Photos of the wrecks of the two Ukrainian aircraft were published.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44474/massive-artillery-barrage-sets-fuel-farm-abalze-south-of-kyiv-as-russian-invasion-enters-day-four|title=Ukraine Claims It Has Been Resupplied With Air-To-Air Missiles|date=27 February 2022|work=The Drive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hsmilitary.com/2022/02/Russia-shoots-down-Ukraine-SU25-fighter-jet.html?m=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227150243/https://www.hsmilitary.com/2022/02/Russia-shoots-down-Ukraine-SU25-fighter-jet.html?m=1|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 February 2022|title=Russia shoots down Ukraine Su-25 fighter jet|work=HS Military|date=27 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/275988|title= ASN 275988|date=27 February 2022|work=Aviation Safety Network|quote=On further inspection these images actual show remains of 2 different #Ukraine Air Force Su-25 Frogfoot - Blue 19 - Blue ??}}</ref> A third aircraft from the 299th was lost, but the pilot was captured by Russian forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2022/03/3/7327953/|title=Раненый украинский пилот попал в плен, пропагандисты РФ записали с ним видео|work=Pravda Ukraine|date=3 April 2022|language=uk}}</ref> Ukrainian media acknowledged that the pilot was Ukrainian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3419532-ukrainian-pilot-captured-by-russian-invaders-and-may-be-used-for-propaganda.html|title=Ukrainian pilot captured by Russian invaders and may be used for propaganda|language=en|work=Ukrinform|date=4 March 2022}}</ref> The next day another Su-25, "Blue 39", was shot down near Hlibivka Vyshgorod, Kyiv region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/276607|title=ASN Occurrence # 276607|work=Aviation Safety Network|date=17 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.censor.net/ua/photo_news/3326261/pilot_zsu_matulyak_zmig_vidvesty_padayuchyyi_litak_vid_naselenogo_punktu_chym_vryatuvav_jyttya_soten|title=Пілот ЗСУ Матуляк зміг відвести падаючий літак від населеного пункту, чим врятував життя сотень людей на Київщині. ФОТОрепортаж|language=uk|date=18 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318033014/https://m.censor.net/ua/photo_news/3326261/pilot_zsu_matulyak_zmig_vidvesty_padayuchyyi_litak_vid_naselenogo_punktu_chym_vryatuvav_jyttya_soten|archive-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> On 2 March, one Su-25 from 299th Tactical Aviation Brigade piloted by [[Oleksandr Korpan]] was lost over Starokostiantyniv, Khmelnytskyi Oblast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://freeradio.com.ua/zahynuv-za-ukrainu-vshanuimo-khvylynoiu-movchannia-kapitana-oleksandra-korpana-video-foto/|title=He died for Ukraine. Let's honor the moment of silence of Captain Alexander Korpan (video, photo)|language=uk|date=29 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://t1news.tv/z-praporom-ta-chornymy-horugvamy-u-pidgajczyah-proshhayutsya-iz-geroyem-yakyj-zagynuv-u-vijni/|title=З ПРАПОРОМ ТА ЧОРНИМИ ХОРУГВАМИ: У ПІДГАЙЦЯХ ПРОЩАЮТЬСЯ ІЗ ГЕРОЄМ, ЯКИЙ ЗАГИНУВ У ВІЙНІ|date=7 March 2022|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/214788-na-ternopilsini-pohovali-lotcika-udarnoi-aviacii/|title=На Тернопільщині поховали льотчика ударної авіації|date=10 March 2022|language=uk}}</ref> On 10 March one Su-25, "Blue 31" was shot down near Nova Kakhovka, Kherson.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goklerdeyiz.net/video-ukrayna-savas-ucagi-dusuruldu/|title=Video – Ukrayna Savaş Uçağı Düşürüldü|language=tr|date=10 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/276364|title=ASN Occurrence #276364|date=10 March 2022|work=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref><ref name="TC3">{{cite web|url=https://theaviationgeekclub.com/as-a-ukrainian-tupolev-tu-141-drone-crashes-in-croatia-moscow-says-it-destroyed-90-of-the-ukrainian-air-bases-but-the-pentagon-says-that-90-of-the-ukrainian-air-force-is-intact/|title=As a Ukrainian Tupolev Tu-141 drone crashes in Croatia, Moscow says it destroyed 90% of the Ukrainian Air Bases (But The Pentagon says that 90% of the Ukrainian Air Force is intact)|quote=Certain is only that the Ukrainians lost another Su-25: ‘Blue 31’ was shot down yesterday afternoon|work=The Aviation Geek Club|date=11 March 2022|first=Tom|last=Cooper}}</ref> On 14 March another Su-25 was shot down by Russian forces in [[Volnovakha]], Donbas region. The pilot was captured by Russian forces and later released on 24 April, in a Russo-Ukrainian prisoner swap.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.0412.ua/news/3377647/ukrainskogo-pilota-romana-vasiluka-zvilneno-z-polonu|title=Українського пілота Романа Василюка звільнено з полонуВІЙСЬКОВІ|date=25 April 2022|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://24tv.ua/zbili-vorozhimi-ppo-nad-volnovahoyu-ukrayinskogo-pilota-romana_n1962938|title=Збили ворожі ППО над Волновахою: українського пілота Романа Василюка звільнили з полону|work=26 TV Ukraine|language=uk|date=25 April 2022}}</ref> On 22 March, a Ukrainian Su-25, heavily damaged in combat was recorded in video.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goklerdeyiz.net/agir-hasar-alan-ukrayna-su-25-savas-ucagi-bos-araziye-acil-inis-yapti/|title=Ağır Hasar Alan Ukrayna Su-25 Savaş Uçağı Boş Araziye Acil İniş Yaptı|language=tr|date=22 March 2022}}</ref> On 15 April, a Ukrainian Su-25 was reportedly shot down by Russian forces in Izyum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-it-launched-mass-strikes-ukrainian-military-overnight-2022-04-18/|title=Russia says it launched mass strikes on Ukrainian military overnight|work=Reuters|date=18 April 2022}}</ref> The downing of the aircraft was recorded by a military camera in thermographic mode.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/277529 |title=Aviation Safety # 277529|date=18 April 2022|work=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> The pilot, Captain Yegor Seredyuk, was reported as being killed near Izyum on 15 April.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armyinform.com.ua/2022/05/02/tetyana-seredyuk-zhodni-nagorody-ne-povernut-meni-cholovika-a-donechczi-tata-ale-yegor-zasluzhyv-zvannya-geroya-ukrayiny-yak-nihto-inshyj/|title=Тетяна Середюк: "Жодні нагороди не повернуть мені чоловіка, а донечці тата. Єгор заслужив звання Героя України, як ніхто інший"|language=uk|date=2 May 2022|work=ArmyInform}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nv-rayrada.zt.gov.ua/index.php/novyny/3182-20-kvitnya-zemlya-emilchinshchini-prijnyala-na-vichnij-spochinok-shche-odnogo-geroya|title=20 квітня земля Ємільчинщини прийняла на вічний спочинок ще одного Героя|language=uk|access-date=8 May 2022|archive-date=21 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421222220/https://nv-rayrada.zt.gov.ua/index.php/novyny/3182-20-kvitnya-zemlya-emilchinshchini-prijnyala-na-vichnij-spochinok-shche-odnogo-geroya|url-status=dead}}</ref> Seredyuk was awarded the [[Hero of Ukraine]] order.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://novynarnia.com/2022/04/21/grygoryev-seredyuk-czyuryk-czyupak-marczenyuk-shhe-pyat-geroyiv-ukrayiny-posmertno/|title=Grigoriev, Seredyuk, Tsyurik, Tsyupak, Martsenyuk: five more Heroes of Ukraine posthumously|date=24 April 2022}}</ref> On 14 May a Su-25 from 299th Tactical Aviation Brigade was shot down in [[Huliaipole]], [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]] and the pilot killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vinnitsa.info/news/u-vinnytsi-viddaly-ostannyu-shanu-l-otchyku-shturmovyku-serhiyu-parkhomenku.html|title=У Вінниці віддали останню шану льотчику-штурмовику Сергію Пархоменку|date=18 May 2022|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://armyinform.com.ua/2022/05/18/bojovi-litaky-v-nebi-nad-vinnyczeyu-viddaly-ostannyu-shanu-molodomu-lotchyku-shturmovyku-sergiyu-parhomenku/|title=Бойові літаки в небі над Вінницею віддали останню шану молодому льотчику-штурмовику Сергію Пархоменку|language=uk|date=18 May 2022|work=Army Inform}}</ref>

On 14 March 2023, the [[Minister of Defense (North Macedonia)|Minister of Defense]] of [[North Macedonia]], [[Slavjanka Petrovska]], confirmed the transfer of four non-airworthy Su-25s to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-north-macedonia-confirms-transfer-of-su-25s-to-ukraine-mi-24-attack-helicopters-may-follow | title=Ukraine conflict: North Macedonia confirms transfer of Su-25s to Ukraine, Mi-24 attack helicopters may follow }}</ref>

On 2 January 2025, ''Forbes'' reported that Ukraine apparently managed to overhaul its remaining Su-25s to carry Western [[glide bomb]]s such as the French [[AASM Hammer]] in 2024, allowing them to operate outside of Russian air defenses range.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Axe |first1=David |title=Ukraine’s Old Su-25 Attack Jets Have Become Standoff Precision Bombers |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2025/01/02/ukraines-old-su-25-attack-jets-have-become-standoff-precision-bombers/ |access-date=3 January 2025 |work=Forbes |date=2 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Variants==
===Su-25===
[[File:Su-25 early.JPEG|thumb|Soviet Su-25 in flight]]

The basic version of the aircraft was produced at Factory 31, at Tbilisi, in the Soviet Republic of Georgia. Between 1978 and 1989, 582 single-seat Su-25s were produced in Georgia, not including aircraft produced under the Su-25K export program. This variant of the aircraft represents the backbone of the Russian Aerospace Forces' Su-25 fleet, currently the largest in the world.<ref name="Variants">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 42–46.</ref> The aircraft experienced a number of accidents in operational service caused by system failures attributed to salvo firing of weapons. In the wake of these incidents, use of its main armament, the 240&nbsp;mm [[S-24 rocket]], was prohibited. In its place, the [[FAB-500]] {{cvt|500|kg|||}} general-purpose high-explosive bomb became the primary armament.<ref name="Variants" />

====Su-25K====
[[File:Sukhoi Su-25K, 8077 van de Tsjechische luchtmacht 2193-006-082 0011.jpg|thumb|right|Czech Republic Su-25K in 1994.]]
The basic Su-25 model was used as the basis for a commercial export variant, known as the Su-25K (''Komercheskiy''). This model was also built at Factory 31 in Tbilisi, Georgia. The aircraft differed from the Soviet Air Force version in certain minor details concerning internal equipment. A total of 180 Su-25K aircraft were built between 1984 and 1989.<ref name="Variants"/>

===Su-25UB===
The Su-25UB [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]] (''Uchebno-Boyevoy'') was drawn up in 1977. The first prototype, called "T-8UB-1", was rolled out in July 1985 and its maiden flight was carried out at the [[Ulan-Ude]] factory airfield on 12 August of that year.<ref name="Variants" /> By the end of 1986, 25 Su-25UBs had been produced at Ulan-Ude before the twin-seater completed its State trials and officially cleared for service with the Soviet Air Force.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 54.</ref>{{clarify|reason=How many produced in total?|date=November 2012}}

It was intended for training and evaluation flights of active-duty pilots, and for training pilot cadets at Soviet Air Force [[flying school]]s. The performance did not differ substantially from that of the single-seater. The navigation, attack, sighting devices and weapons-control systems of the two-seater enabled it to be used for both routine training and weapons-training missions.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 50–51.</ref>

====Su-25UBK====
[[File:Bulgarian Air Force Sukhoi Su-25UBK Lofting.jpg|thumb|Bulgarian Su-25UBK on take-off]]

From 1986 to 1989, in parallel with the construction of the main Su-25UB combat training variant, the Ulan-Ude plant produced the so-called "commercial" Su-25UBK, intended for export to countries that bought the Su-25K, and with similar modifications to that aircraft.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 56.</ref>

====Su-25UBM====
The Su-25UBM is a twin seat variant that can be used as an operational trainer, but also has attack capabilities, and can be used for reconnaissance, target designation and airborne control. Its first flight was on 6 December 2008 and it was certified in December 2010. It will enter operational use with the Russian Aerospace Forces later. The variant has a Phazotron NIIR Kopyo radar and Bars-2 equipment on board. Su-25UBM's range is believed to be {{cvt|1300|km|||}} and it may have protection against infra-red guided missiles (IRGM), a minimal requirement on today's battle fields where IRGMs proliferate.<ref>Karnozov, Vladimir. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/12/20/351105/sukhois-su-25ubm-completes-state-acceptance-trials.html "Sukhoi's Su-25UBM completes state acceptance trials."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223103558/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/12/20/351105/sukhois-su-25ubm-completes-state-acceptance-trials.html |date=23 December 2010 }} ''FlightGlobal'', 20 December 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2011.</ref>

====Su-25UTG====
[[File:Sukhoi Su-25UTG in 2010.jpg|thumb|Su-25UTG carrier-based trainer aircraft at Novofedorovka airbase]]

The Su-25UTG (''Uchebno-Trenirovochnyy s Gakom'') is a variant of the Su-25UB designed to train pilots in takeoff and landing on a land-based simulated carrier deck, with a sloping [[Ski-jump (aviation)|ski-jump]] section and [[Tailhook|arrester wire]]s. The first one flew in September 1988, and approximately 10 were produced.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, p. 59.</ref> About half remained in Russian service after 1991; they were used on Russia's sole [[aircraft carrier]], {{Ship|Russian aircraft carrier|Admiral Kuznetsov||2}}. This small number of aircraft were insufficient to meet the training needs of Russia's carrier air group, so a number of Su-25UBs were converted into Su-25UTGs. These aircraft being distinguished by the alternative designation ''Su-25UBP'' (''Uchebno-Boyevoy Palubny'')—the adjective ''palubnyy'' meaning "deck", indicating that these aircraft have a naval function.<ref name="Variants4" /> As of 2007, approximately 10 of these aircraft were operational in the [[Russian Navy]] as part of the 279th Naval Aviation Regiment of the [[Northern Fleet]].<ref name="Warfare.ru">[http://www.warfare.ru/?linkid=1611&catid=256 "Russian Military Analysis on Su-25".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231732/http://www.warfare.ru/?catid=256&linkid=1611 |date=26 September 2007 }} warfare.ru. Retrieved: 18 June 2007.</ref> In 2021, Su-25 aircraft were also reported deployed with the [[100th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment]] of the same fleet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2021/march/9821-mig-29k-fighter-from-russian-navy-deployed-for-the-first-time-in-arctic.html|title=MiG-29K fighter from Russian Navy deployed for the first time in Arctic|website=navyrecognition.com|date=13 March 2021 |access-date=14 March 2021|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314081623/http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2021/march/9821-mig-29k-fighter-from-russian-navy-deployed-for-the-first-time-in-arctic.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Su-25BM===
The Su-25BM (''Buksirovshchik Misheney'') is a [[target-towing]] variant of the Su-25 whose development began in 1986. The prototype, designated T-8BM1, successfully flew for the first time on 22 March 1990, at Tbilisi. After completion of the test phase, the aircraft was put into production.<ref name="Variants4">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 60–71.</ref>

The Su-25BM target-tower was designed to provide towed target facilities for training ground forces and naval personnel in ground-to-air or naval surface-to-air missile systems. It is powered by R-195 engines and equipped with an [[RSDN-10]] long-range [[navigation system]], an analogue of the Western [[LORAN]] system.<ref name="Variants4"/>

===Su-25T===
The Su-25T (''Tankovy'') is a dedicated [[antitank]] version, which has been combat-tested with notable success in [[Chechnya]].<ref name="Variants7"/> The design of the aircraft is similar to the Su-25UB. The variant was converted to one-seater, with the rear seat replaced by additional avionics.<ref name=Shock>Bangash 2008, p. 270.</ref> It has all-weather and night attack capability. In addition to the full arsenal of weapons of the standard Su-25, the Su-25T can employ the KAB-500Kr [[precision-guided munition|TV-guided]] bomb and the semi-active [[laser-guided]] Kh-25ML.<ref name="Variants7" /> Its enlarged nosecone houses the ''Shkval'' optical TV and aiming system with the ''Prichal'' laser rangefinder and target designator. It can also carry ''[[Vikhr]]'' laser-guided, tube-launched missiles, which is its main antitank armament. For night operations, the low-light TV ''Merkuriy'' pod system can be carried under the fuselage. Three Su-25Ts prototypes were built in 1983–86 and 8 production aircraft were built in 1990.<ref name=Donald>Donald 2004, pp. 234–237.</ref> With the introduction of a definitive Russian Air Force Su-25 upgrade programme, in the form of ''Stroyevoy Modernizirovannyi'', the Su-25T programme was officially canceled in 2000.<ref name=Workhorse/>

===Su-25TM (Su-39)===
[[File:Su-25TM.jpg|thumb|Russian Su-25TM has been built in small numbers. Carries (from tip to fuselage) [[Vympel R-73|R-73]], [[R-77]], 8×[[Vikhr]], [[Kh-29T]], [[Kh-58]]. White dome of ''Kopyo'' radar container is seen below, while two ''Omul'' ECM pods lie beside the aircraft.]]

A second-generation Su-25T, the ''Su-25TM'' (also designated ''Su-39''), has been developed with improved navigation and attack systems, and better survivability. While retaining the built-in ''Shkval'' of Su-25T, it may carry ''Kopyo'' (rus. "Spear") radar in an under fuselage container, which is used for engaging air targets (with RVV-AE/R-77 missiles) as well as ships (with Kh-31 and Kh-35 antiship missiles). The Russian Air Force has received 8 aircraft as of 2008.<ref name=Shock /> Some of the improved avionics systems designed for T and TM variants have been included in the ''Su-25SM'', an interim upgrade of the operational Russian Air Force Su-25, for improved survivability and combat capability.<ref name="Variants7">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 111–126.</ref> The Su-25TM, as an all-inclusive upgrade programme has been replaced with the "affordable" Su-25SM programme.<ref name=Workhorse />

===Su-25SM===
[[File:Sukhoi Su-25SM (1).jpg|thumb|A Sukhoi Su-25SM at the Celebration of the 100th anniversary of Russian Air Force]]

The Su-25SM (''Stroyevoy Modernizirovannyi'') is an "affordable" upgrade programme for the Su-25, conceived by the Russian Air Force in 2000. The programme stems from the attempted Su-25T and Su-25TM upgrades, which were evaluated and labeled as over-sophisticated and expensive. The SM upgrade incorporates avionics enhancements and airframe refurbishment to extend the Frogfoot's service life by up to 500 flight hours or 5 years.<ref name=Workhorse>{{cite journal |last=Mladenov |first=Alexander |title=Armoured Workhorse |journal=Air Forces Monthly |date=January 2013 |issue=298 |pages=68–74 }}</ref>

The Su-25SM's all-new PRnK-25SM "Bars" navigation/attack suite is built around the BTsVM-90 digital computer system, originally planned for the Su-25TM upgrade programme. Navigation and attack precision provided by the new suite is three times better of the baseline Su-25 and is reported to be within {{cvt|15|m|ft|-1}} using satellite correction and {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} without it.<ref name=Workhorse />

A new KA1-1-01 Head-Up Display (HUD) was added providing, among other things, double the field of view of the original ASP-17BTs-8 electro-optical sight. Other systems and components incorporated during the upgrade include a Multi-Function Display (MFD), RSBN-85 Short Range Aid to Navigation (SHORAN), ARK-35-1 Automatic Direction Finder (ADF), A-737-01 GPS/GLONASS Receiver, Karat-B-25 Flight Data Recorder (FDR), Berkut-1 Video Recording System (VRS), Banker-2 UHF/VHF communication radio, SO-96 Transponder and a L150 "Pastel" Radar Warning Receiver (RWR).<ref name=Workhorse />

The R-95sh engines have been overhauled and modified with an anti-surge system installed. The system is designed to improve the resistance of the engine to ingested powders and gases during gun and rocket salvo firing.<ref name=Workhorse />

The combination of reconditioned and new equipment, with increased automation and self-test capability has allowed for a reduction of pre- and post-flight maintenance by some 25 to 30%. Overall weight savings are around {{convert|300|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Workhorse />

Su-25SM weapon suite has been expanded with the addition of the [[Vympel R-73]] highly agile air-to-air missile (albeit without helmet mounted cueing and only the traditional longitudinal seeker mode) and the [[S-13 rocket|S-13T]] 130&nbsp;mm rockets (carried in five-round B-13 pods) with blast-fragmentation and armour-piercing warheads. Further, the Kh-25ML and [[Kh-29]]L Weapon Employment Profiles have been significantly improved, permitting some complex missile launch scenarios to be executed, such as: firing two consecutive missiles on two different targets in a single attack pass. The [[GSh-30-2]] autocannon (250-round magazine) has received three new reduced rate-of-fire modes: 750, 375 and 188 rounds per minute. The Su-25SM was also given new BD3-25 under-wing pylons.<ref name=Workhorse/>

The eventual procurement programme is expected to include between 100 and 130 kits, covering 60 to 70 percent of the Russian Air Force active single-seat fleet, as operated in the early 2000s.<ref name=Workhorse/> On 2012, the Russian Aerospace Forces had over 30 Su-25SMs in service with plans to modernize about 80 Su-25s to the improved standard.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russian air force to order Su-25 replacement |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/russian-air-force-to-order-su-25-replacement/105426.article |website=Flight Global |access-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320091239/https://www.flightglobal.com/russian-air-force-to-order-su-25-replacement/105426.article |archive-date=20 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref> By March 2013, over 60 aircraft are to be upgraded.<ref name=Arms-TASS-5-2012>[http://www.armstass.su/?page=article&aid=106907&cid=25 {{in lang{{!}}ru}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512213803/http://www.armstass.su/?page=article&aid=106907&cid=25 |date=12 May 2014 }} Retrieved: 11 November 2012.</ref> In February 2013, ten new Su-25SMs were delivered to the Air Force southern base,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ria.ru/arms/20130215/923095137.html |title=Около 10 новейших самолетов Су-25СМ3 поступили на авиабазу в ЮВО &#124; РИА Новости |publisher=Ria.ru |date=15 February 2013 |access-date=5 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315084009/http://ria.ru/arms/20130215/923095137.html |archive-date=15 March 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ria.ru/arms/20130215/923095137.html |title=Около 10 новейших самолетов Су-25СМ3 поступили на авиабазу в ЮВО &#124; РИА Новости |publisher=Ria.ru |date=15 February 2013 |access-date=12 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016160334/http://ria.ru/arms/20130215/923095137.html |archive-date=16 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> where operational training is being conducted.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20130304/925693163.html |title=Летчики ЮВО осваивают новейшие Су-25СМ3 в ночное время &#124; РИА Новости |date=4 March 2013 |publisher=Ria.ru |access-date=5 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510111824/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20130304/925693163.html |archive-date=10 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> During the period 2005–2015, more than 80 aircraft were upgraded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/august/5349-russia-upgrades-su-25-assault-jets.html|title=Russia upgrades Su-25 assault jets – part 1|website=airrecognition.com|access-date=22 August 2019|archive-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822104610/http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/august/5349-russia-upgrades-su-25-assault-jets.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since early 2014, the 368th Assault Aviation Regiment of the [[4th Air and Air Defence Forces Army]] at [[Budyonnovsk (air base)|Budyonnovsk]] has received advanced Su-25SMs<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/structure/forces/aerospace/news/more.htm?id=12344645@egNews|title = Assault aviation of the Southern Military District receives modernized Su-25M3 : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation}}</ref> (probably 16 aircraft). Nine more were delivered in 2018,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vpk-news.ru/news/22673 |title=Авиаполк ЮВО получил 16 штурмовиков Су-25СМ3 с начала года – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер" |work=vpk-news.ru |access-date=27 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223030421/http://vpk-news.ru/news/22673 |archive-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0418/101546368/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Штурмовую авиацию ЮВО пополнили шесть Су-25СМ3|website=armstrade.org|access-date=19 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420073909/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0418/101546368/detail.shtml|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1101/100049430/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Звено модернизированных штурмовиков Су-25СМ пополнило боевой состав авиации ЮВО|website=armstrade.org|access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref> eight more in early 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0418/160552014/detail.shtml |title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Штурмовую авиацию ЮВО в Ставропольском крае пополнили четыре Су-25СМ3 "Суперграч" |access-date=21 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421094257/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0418/160552014/detail.shtml |archive-date=21 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0508/134552280/detail.shtml |title=ЦАМТО / Новости / В Ставропольском крае сформирована эскадрилья Су-25СМ3 штурмовой авиации ЮВО |access-date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509112714/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0508/134552280/detail.shtml |archive-date=9 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0527/152552549/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Авиаполк ЮВО в Ставропольском крае пополнился новейшими штурмовиками Су-25СМ3 "Суперграч"|website=armstrade.org|access-date=30 May 2019|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530045429/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0527/152552549/detail.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> and four more in early 2020 plus one more in early 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0218/142556761/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Авиационный полк ЮВО в Ставропольском крае пополнился тремя штурмовиками Су-25СМ3|website=armstrade.org|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=19 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219011326/http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0218/142556761/detail.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0408/140557440/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Авиационный полк ЮВО на Кубани пополнился новейшим штурмовиком Су-25СМ3|website=armstrade.org|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410181118/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0408/140557440/detail.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0217/122061696/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Штурмовая авиация ЮВО пополнилась "Суперграчом"|website=armstrade.org|access-date=3 March 2021|archive-date=28 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228035119/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0217/122061696/detail.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since 2018, the Aerospace Forces [VKS] have been receiving Su-25SM3s, and a total of 25 aircraft have already been delivered as of June 2019. Unlike the baseline Su-25 and its incrementally upgraded variant, the Su-25SM, both of which have a rather outdated Klen-PS laser target designator in the nose, the Su-25SM3 has been upgraded with the new SOLT-25 electro-optics nose module. The SOLT-25 provides 16× zoom and features a laser range finder and target designator, thermal imager, TV channels, and the ability to track moving targets in all weather up to 8&nbsp;km away. In addition, the Su-25SM3 comes with the [[L370 Vitebsk|Vitebsk-25]] protection suite, which integrates a set of Zakhvat forward and rearward facing missile approach warning ultraviolet sensors, the L-150-16M Pastel radar homing and warning system, two UV-26M 50&nbsp;mm chaff dispensers, and a pair of wing-mounted L-370-3S radar jamming pods. Furthermore, the Su-25SM3 has been upgraded with the new PrNK-25SM-1 Bars targeting-and-navigation system and the KSS-25 communication system with Banker-8-TM-1 antenna.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/article/89373/russia-s-su-25sm3-deep-upgrade-programme-gains-pace-and-scope|title=Russia's Su-25SM3 'deep upgrade' programme gains pace and scope – Jane's 360|website=janes.com|access-date=23 June 2019|archive-date=20 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620213205/https://www.janes.com/article/89373/russia-s-su-25sm3-deep-upgrade-programme-gains-pace-and-scope|url-status=live}}</ref>

As a result from combat experience in Syria the Su-25SM3 has been equipped with [[SVP-24]] navigation and bombing aids that improve the accuracy of unguided bombs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbth.com/science-and-tech/326290-russias-modified-su-25sm3-flying|title=Russia's modified Su-25SM3 'flying tank' to join army's ranks after Syria battle tests|website=rbth.com|date=2 October 2017 |access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref>

===Su-25KM===
The {{not a typo|Su-25KM}} (''Komercheski, Modernized''),<ref>{{harvnb|Mladenov|2013a|page=40}}</ref> nicknamed "Scorpion", is an Su-25 upgrade programme announced in early 2001 by the original manufacturer, Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing in Georgia, in partnership with Elbit Systems of Israel. The prototype aircraft made its maiden flight on 18 April 2001 at Tbilisi in full Georgian Air Force markings.<ref name="Variants0">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 103–132.</ref>
The aircraft uses a standard Su-25 airframe, enhanced with advanced avionics including a [[glass cockpit]], digital [[map]] generator, [[head-mounted display|helmet-mounted display]], computerised weapons system, complete mission pre-plan capability, and fully redundant backup modes. Performance enhancements include a highly accurate navigation system, pinpoint weapon delivery systems, all-weather and day/night performance, [[NATO]] compatibility, state-of-the art safety and survivability features, and advanced onboard debriefing capabilities complying with international requirements.<ref name="Variants0"/> It has the ability to use Israeli Opher infrared-guided bombs and Lizard laser-guided bombs, as well as the Vympel R-73 [[infrared homing|infrared-guided]] missile.<ref>{{harvnb|Mladenov|2013a|page=41}}</ref>

===Su-28===
[[File:Su-25UT Frogfoot 02.jpg|thumb|Sukhoi Su-28 non-combat jet trainer]]
The [[Sukhoi Su-28]] (also designated ''Su-25UT'' – ''Uchebno-Trenirovochnyy'') is an advanced basic jet trainer, built on the basis of the Su-25UB as a private initiative by the Sukhoi Design Bureau. The Su-28 is a light aircraft designed to replace the Czechoslovak [[Aero L-39 Albatros]]. Unlike the basic Su-25UB, it lacks a weapons-control system, built-in cannon, weapons hardpoints, and engine armour.<ref>Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 56–57.</ref>

=== Other ===
* '''Su-25R''' (''Razvedchik'') – a tactical [[reconnaissance]] variant designed in 1978, but never built.<ref name="Variants6">Gordon and Dawes 2004, pp. 70–72.</ref>
* '''Su-25U3''' (''Uchebnyy 3-myestny'') – also known as the "Russian Troika", was a three-seat basic trainer aircraft. The project was suspended in 1991 due to lack of funding.<ref name="Variants6"/>
* '''Su-25U''' (''Uchebnyy'') – a trainer variant of Su-25s produced in Georgia between 1996 and 1998. Three aircraft were built in total, all for the Georgian Air Force.<ref name="Variants6"/>
* '''Su-25M1/Su-25UBM1''' – Su-25 and Su-25UB aircraft modernized by the Ukrainian company MiGremont for the [[Ukrainian Air Force]]. Ten modernized as of 2013 (seven single-seat and three trainers). Upgrades include a new [[GPS receiver]], a new radio, more accurate weapon delivery thanks to a new sight, and a new digital [[flight data recorder]]. Additionally, upgraded aircraft can use [[S-13 rocket]]s.<ref>{{harvnb|Mladenov|2013a|page=42}}</ref>
* '''Ge-31''' is an ongoing Georgian program of [[Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing]] aiming at producing a renewed version of Su-25 without Russian components and parts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/russia-and-former-soviet-union/georgia-starts-assembling-reconfigured-su-25-attack-aircraft-without-russian-components-395461.html |title=Georgia starts assembling reconfigured Su-25 attack aircraft without Russian components |work=Kyiv Post |date=11 August 2015 |access-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824033729/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/russia-and-former-soviet-union/georgia-starts-assembling-reconfigured-su-25-attack-aircraft-without-russian-components-395461.html |archive-date=24 August 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{anchor|T-12}}<!--[[Sukhoi T-12 Shturmovik-90]] redirects to this anchor-->'''T-12''' ("Shturmovik-90") – a proposed successor to the Su-25. It would have utilized a [[Twin-fuselage aircraft|twin fuselage]] with two cockpits; one would carry the pilot, who would also operate the plane's radar, while the other would operate the plane's weapons and fire control. The T-12's design also included a [[forward-swept wing]] and V-tail.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Russia's Advanced Warplanes |last=Butowski |first=Piotr |journal=Combat Aircraft |date=November 1999 |url=http://www.aeronautics.ru/nws001/combair005.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010221050742/http://www.aeronautics.ru/nws001/combair005.htm |archive-date=21 February 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- Other potential sources for this include the book ''Unflown Wings: Soviet/Russian Unrealized Aircraft Projects 1925-2010'' and ''Assaltatori ed aerei da attacco al suolo russi e sovietici. Progetti, prototipi ed aerei operativi''; see also the deletion discussion for this topic at [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sukhoi T-12 Shturmovik-90]]-->

==Operators==
{{Main|List of Sukhoi Su-25 operators}}

==Notable accidents==
{{see also|Lists of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft}}

The Su-25 has been involved in the following notable [[aviation accidents and incidents|aviation accidents]].
*An Su-25K of the [[Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] disappeared in December 2006 during a routine rebasing operation and no wreckage was ever found.<ref name="Congo">{{cite web |url=http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnL30209861.html |title=Congolese fighter jet crashes during display. |access-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209011026/http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnL30209861.html |archive-date=9 December 2008}} Reuters, 30 June 2007. Retrieved: 17 June 2008.</ref>
*Another Congolese Su-25K crashed on 30 June 2007 during an Independence Day display, near the city of [[Kisangani]], killing the pilot. Investigations revealed that the crash was due to an engine failure.<ref name="Congo" />
*An Su-25 of the Russian Air Force exploded in mid-air on 20 March 2008 during a live firing exercise over the [[Primorsky Krai]], {{convert|143|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Vladivostok]], killing the pilot. Further investigations revealed that the aircraft was downed by a missile accidentally launched by a wingman. After the accident, all Russian Su-25s were grounded until the investigation was concluded.{{cn|date=February 2023}}
{{clear}}

==Specifications (Su-25/Su-25K, late production)==
{{image frame|width=410|content=
{{Image label begin|image=Sukhoi Su-25 kompo vers2.svg|width=400}}
{{Image label|x=0.8|y=1.35|scale=150|text='''[[Cannon|1]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=2.6|y=1.55|scale=150|text='''[[Air brake (aircraft)|2]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.5|y=0.35|scale=150|text='''[[Electronic countermeasure|3]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.3|y=1.50|scale=150|text='''[[Laser sight|4]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.53|y=1.37|scale=150|text='''[[Avionics|5]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=2.35|y=0.50|scale=150|text='''[[Identification friend or foe|6]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.48|y=1.26|scale=150|text='''[[Identification friend or foe|6]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.25|y=1.38|scale=150|text='''[[Pitot tube|7]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=2.38|y=0.47|scale=150|text='''[[Drogue parachute|8]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.35|y=0.92|scale=150|text='''[[Fuel tank|9]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.6|y=1.25|scale=150|text='''[[Chassis|10]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.84|y=1.05|scale=150|text='''[[Ejection seat|11]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.61|y=1.15|scale=150|text='''[[Bullet-resistant glass|12]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.78|y=0.95|scale=150|text='''[[Periscope|13]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.78|y=0.88|scale=150|text='''[[Turbojet|14]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.1|y=1.15|scale=150|text='''[[Intake|15]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.14|y=1.40|scale=150|text='''[[Radio navigation|16]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.14|y=1.50|scale=150|text='''[[Pitot tube|17]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.9|y=1.45|scale=150|text='''[[Chassis|18]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.70|y=0.90|scale=150|text='''[[Aircraft canopy|19]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.68|y=1.05|scale=150 |text='''[[Sight (device)|20]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.1|y=1.35|scale=150 |text='''21'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.8|y=1.05|scale=150 |text='''[[Longeron|22]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.35|y=0.62|scale=150 |text='''[[Flap (aircraft)|23]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.85|y=0.62|scale=150 |text='''[[Leading edge slats|24]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=2.2|y=0.35|scale=150 |text='''[[Empennage|25]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.9|y=0.35|scale=150 |text='''[[Aileron|26]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.88|y=0.82|scale=150 |text='''[[Infrared countermeasure|27]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=2.3|y=1.55|scale=150 |text='''[[Radar warning receiver|28]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=2.48|y=0.61|scale=150 |text='''[[Empennage|29]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.8|y=1.35|scale=150 |text='''[[Hardpoint|30]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=2.1|y=1.44|scale=150 |text='''[[Starter motor|31]]'''}}
{{Image label end}}
|caption={{show|1=Legend|2=
{{colbegin|colwidth=195px}}{{plainlist|
*'''1: '''SPM-17A cannon
*'''2: '''Air brakes
*'''3: '''Electronic countermeasures
*'''4: '''Laser Station Maple-PS
*'''5: '''Avionics
*'''6: '''Identification friend or foe system
*'''7: '''Pitot tube
*'''8: '''Drogue parachute
*'''9: '''Fuel tanks
*'''10: '''Main landing gear
*'''11: '''K-36L ejection seat
*'''12: '''Bulletproof glass
*'''13: '''Periscope
*'''14: '''Turbojet
*'''15: '''Air intake
*'''16: '''RSBN Short Range Navigation System
*'''17: '''PA-7 Pitot tube
*'''18: '''Front landing gear
*'''19: '''Canopy
*'''20: '''TSA-17 Sight
*'''21: '''Hinged ladder
*'''22: '''Longeron
*'''23: '''Flaps
*'''24: '''Leading edge slats
*'''25: '''Empennage, including rudder
*'''26: '''Aileron
*'''27: '''ASO-2V infrared countermeasures
*'''28: '''SPO-15 radar warning receiver
*'''29: '''Tail flaps
*'''30: '''CDD-25 hardpoints
*'''31: '''AAP-60 Starter engines{{sfn|Bedretdinov 2002}}
}}{{colend}}
}}}}
[[File:Sukhoi Su-25 3-view line drawing.svg|thumb|upright=1.25|Sukhoi Su-25 line drawing]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004,<ref name="jawa03 p403-5">Jackson 2003, pp. 403–405.</ref> 
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|length m=15.53
|length note= (including nose probe)
|span m=14.36
|span note=
|height m=4.80
|height note=
|wing area sqm=33.7
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=<!--'''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA ]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|empty weight kg=9800
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=14600
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=19300
|max takeoff weight note=<ref name="su25k">{{cite web |title=Sukhoi Company (JSC) – Airplanes – Military Aircraft – Su-25К – Aircraft performance |url=http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/lth/ |access-date=29 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106033631/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/lth/ |archive-date=6 January 2016 }}</ref>
|fuel capacity={{convert|3200|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Tumansky R-13|Soyuz/Tumansky R-195]]
|eng1 type=[[turbojet]] engine
|eng1 kn=44.18
|eng1 note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=975
|max speed note=at sea level
|max speed mach=
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=1000
|range note=at altitude<ref name="su25k"/>
|combat range km=750
|combat range note=at sea level with {{convert|4400 |kg |lb |abbr=on}} of ordnance and two external fuel tanks
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=7000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<big>+</big>6.5
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=58
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|thrust/weight=

|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
 |guns=<br />
**1 × [[30 mm caliber|30 mm]] [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-30-2]] [[autocannon]] with 250 rounds
**[[SPPU-22]] [[gun pod]]s for 2 × [[23×115mm|23 mm]] [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23]] autocannons with 260 rounds
 |hardpoints= 11 hardpoints
 |hardpoint capacity=up to {{convert|4000|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of stores
 |hardpoint rockets=<br />
***[[UB-16 (rocket pod)|UB-16]] [[rocket launcher#Rocket pod|rocket pod]]s for [[S-5 rocket]]s<ref name="osps25p246">{{harvnb|Mladenov|2013a|pages=24–26}}</ref>
***[[UB-32 (rocket pod)|UB-32]]A rocket pods for S-5 rockets 
***[[B-8M]]1 rocket pods for [[S-8 rocket]]s
***[[S-24 rocket|S-24]] 
***[[S-25 (rocket)|S-25]]
 |hardpoint missiles=<br /> 
***[[Air-to-air missile]]s:
****[[K-13 (missile)|K-13]]A
****[[R-60 (missile)|R-60]]
****[[R-73 (missile)|R-73]]E<ref name="osps25p246"/>
***[[Air-to-surface missile]]s:
****[[Kh-23]] 
****[[Kh-25]]ML
****[[Kh-29]]L
****[[9K121 Vikhr]]{{cn|date=February 2025}}
***[[Anti-radiation missile]]s:
****[[Kh-28]]{{cn|date=February 2025}}
 |hardpoint bombs=<br /> 
***[[BETAB-500]] concrete-penetrating bomb<ref name="osps25p27">{{harvnb|Mladenov|2013a|page=27}}</ref>
***[[FAB-250]] [[general-purpose bomb]]
***[[FAB-500]] GP bomb
***[[FAN-500]] bomb<ref name="osps25p27"/>
***[[KAB-500KR]] TV-guided bomb<ref name=fas>{{cite web |title=Su-25 FROGFOOT Grach (Rook) |url=http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/row/su-25.htm |publisher=FAS.org |access-date=16 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214316/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/row/su-25.htm |archive-date=12 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
***[[ZAB-500]] [[incendiary device|incendiary bomb]]<ref name="osps25p27"/>
 |hardpoint other=<br /> 
***ASO-2V decoy dispensers (chaff and flare): Su-25s in Syria have been pictured with four rows of ASO-2V decoy dispensers (chaff and flare) along the tailcone's upper surface aft of the vertical stabiliser.<ref name="2017-12-06_MT">[https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2017/12/06/russia-wants-to-join-the-isis-in-iraq/ Russia wants to join the ISIS battle in Iraq] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207192233/https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2017/12/06/russia-wants-to-join-the-isis-in-iraq/ |date=7 December 2017 }}, Shawn Snow, ''[[Military Times]]'', 6 December 2017</ref><ref name=AF_tech_Countermeasures>[http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/su25/ Su-25 (Su-28) Frogfoot Close-Support Aircraft: Countermeasures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017043651/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/su25/ |date=17 October 2006 }}, Air Force Technology; accessed 7 December 2017</ref>
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==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{Aircontent
|see also=
|related=
* [[Sukhoi Su-28]]
|similar aircraft=
* {{lwc|Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II}}
* {{lwc|Ilyushin Il-102}}
* {{lwc|Northrop YA-9}}
* {{lwc|IAR 93}} / {{lwc|Soko J-22 Orao}}
* {{lwc|Nanchang Q-5}}
|lists=
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em|group=nb}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Bangash, M.Y.H. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kJSDJkgym-EC&pg=PA270 ''Shock, Impact and Explosion: Structural Analysis and Design.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018152758/https://books.google.com/books?id=kJSDJkgym-EC&pg=PA270 |date=18 October 2015 }} Berlin: Springer, 2008. {{ISBN |978-3-540-77067-1}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Bedretdinov |first=Ilʹdar |title=Штурмовик Су-25 и его модификации |trans-title=The Su-25 and its modifications |language=ru |location=Moscow |edition=2nd |publisher=Bedretdinov i Ko |isbn=978-5-901668-01-6 |year=2002 |ref={{harvid |Bedretdinov 2002}}}}
* Donald, David. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2KuPWSj8GEYC ''The Pocket Guide to Military Aircraft and the World's Airforces.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018152758/https://books.google.com/books?id=2KuPWSj8GEYC |date=18 October 2015 }} London: Hamlyn, 2004. {{ISBN |978-0-681-03185-2}}.
* Donald, David and Daniel J. March. "Sukhoi Su-25 'Frogfoot'." ''Modern Battlefield Warplanes''. London: AIRtime Publishing, 2004. {{ISBN|1-880588-76-5}}.
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Eden |editor-first=Paul |title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft |date=July 2006 |location=London |publisher=Amber Books, 2004 |isbn=1-904687-84-9 |ref={{harvid |Eden |2004}}}}
* Frawley, Gerald. "Sukhoi_Su-25". ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002/2003''. Fishwick, Act: Aerospace Publications, 2002. {{ISBN|1-875671-55-2}}.
* {{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Yefim |title=Sukhoi Su-25 |year=2003 |location=New York |publisher=IP Media, Inc., 2005 |isbn=1-932525-02-5 |ref={{harvid |Gordon |2005}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Yefim |title=Sukhoi Su-25: The Soviet Union's Tank-Buster |date=July 2007 |publisher=Midland Publishing, 2008 |isbn=978-1-85780-254-2 |ref={{harvid |Gordon |2008}}}}
* Gordon, Yefim and Alan Dawes. ''Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot: Close Air Support Aircraft''. London: Airlife, 2004. {{ISBN|1-84037-353-9}}.
* Jackson, Paul. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004''. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. {{ISBN |0-7106-2537-5}}.
* {{cite book |last1=Mladenov |first1=Alexander |title=Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot |date=2013a |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-78200-359-5}}
* Wilson, Stewart. ''Combat Aircraft since 1945''. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 2000. {{ISBN|1-875671-50-1}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons and category|Sukhoi Su-25|Sukhoi Su-25}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060515011155/http://www.sukhoi.org/eng/planes/military/su25k/ Su-25К at Sukhoi.org]

{{Sukhoi aircraft}}
{{USAF/DoD reporting names}}

[[Category:Sukhoi aircraft|Su-25]]
[[Category:Anti-tank aircraft]]
[[Category:1970s Soviet attack aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1975]]
[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Shoulder-wing aircraft]]