View source for Suruh

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{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Suruh
| native_name             = سروح
| native_name_lang        = ar
| settlement_type         = Village
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| etymology               = personal name, possibly from "to flow freely" (water) or "to pasture at large" (cattle)<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/54/mode/1up 54]</ref>
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| pushpin_map             = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption     = Location within [[Mandatory Palestine]] | image_map               = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225}} | map_caption             = A series of historical maps of the area around Suruh (click the buttons)
| pushpin_mapsize         = 200
| coordinates             = {{coord|33|05|06|N|35|17|35|E|type:city_region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name               = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position           = 177/276
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = [[Geopolitical entity]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Mandatory Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Districts of Mandatory Palestine|Subdistrict]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Acre Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine|Acre]]
<!-- established -->
| established_title1      = Date of depopulation
| established_date1       = early November 1948<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR17  xvii], village #67. Also gives cause of depopulation.</ref><ref name=Morrisp506/>
| established_title2      = Repopulated dates
<!-- area -->
| unit_pref               = dunam
| area_total_dunam        = 18,563
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 1945
| population_total        = 1,000<ref name=1945p5>Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p05.jpg  5]</ref><ref name=Hadawi41>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Acre/Page-041.jpg 41]</ref>
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1         = Cause(s) of depopulation
| blank_info_sec1         = Expulsion by [[Yishuv]] forces
| blank3_name_sec1        = Current Localities
| blank3_info_sec1        = [[Shomera]],<ref name=Khalidi32>Khalidi, 1992, p. 32</ref> [[Even Menachem]],<ref name=Khalidi32/>  [[Kefar Rosenwald]],<ref name=Khalidi32/> [[Shtula]]<ref name=Khalidi32/>
}}
'''Suruh''' ({{langx|ar|سروح}}), was a [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] [[Arabs|Arab]] [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]], located {{convert|28.5|km|mi|sp=us}} northeast of [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. It became depopulated in the [[1948 Arab-Israeli war]].

==History==
Suruh contained two ''khirbats'' ("sites of ruins") with a variety of ancient artifacts, including [[cistern]]s, and rock-hewn [[tomb]]s.<ref name=Khalidi>Khalidi, 1992, pp. 31-32</ref>

===Ottoman era===
An 1875 visitor, [[Victor Guérin]], describes it as a ruin, which he called ''Khurbet Seroueh''. Guérin noted; "These ruins cover the summit of the hill. At the highest point we observed the remains of a very ancient square tower, measuring fourteen [[Pace (unit)|paces]] on each side, the lower [[Course (architecture)|courses]] consisting of very large blocks, roughly squared and without cement. The interior is full of similar blocks, piled up in confusion, in the midst of which terebinths and pomegranates have taken root. Near this tower a few old houses served as an asylum to four families of [[Metawileh]]. On the [[lintel]] of the door of one of these houses a square cross inscribed in a circle can still be traced. The terraces of another house are supported in the interior by arched arcades in good cut stone of Roman, or at least Byzantine, date. There are also the remains of numerous houses which have been destroyed, a dozen cisterns cut in the rock, a column lying on the ground, and the fragment of a sarcophagus."<ref>Guerin, 1880, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n141/mode/1up  123]- [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n142/mode/2up 124]; as given in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/192/mode/1up 192]-193</ref>

In 1881, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' (SWP)  described  Suruh as "a small village, containing about ninety Moslems, situated on a ridge, with olives and arable land round; there are three rock-cut [[cistern]]s.<ref name=SWP149>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/149/mode/1up 149]</ref> The residents  lived by agriculture and raising live-stock.<ref name=Khalidi/>

===British Mandate era===
In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]]  the population [[Tarbikha]], [[Al-Nabi Rubin, Acre|Al-Nabi Rubin]] and Suruh together was 1000 Muslims,<ref name=1945p5/>  and they  had a total of 18,563  [[dunam]]s of land.<ref name=Hadawi41/>  619  dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 3,204 used for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in  Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Acre/Page-081.jpg 81]</ref> while 112 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Acre/Page-131.jpg  131]</ref>

===1948, and aftermath===
During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli war]], the inhabitants of Suruh, the neighbouring hamlet of [[Al-Nabi Rubin, Acre|Nabi Rubin]] and the main village of [[Tarbikha]], were given expulsion orders by [[Israel]]i forces.<ref name=Morrisp506>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA506  506]</ref> A predominantly [[Sunni]] [[Islam|Muslim]] hamlet, Suruh and Nabi Rubin were satellite hamlets of Tarbikha, a largely [[Shi'ite]] village. Most of Suruh's inhabitants and those the neighbouring localities ended up leaving to [[Lebanon]].<ref name=Morrisp506/>

In 1992 the village site was described: "Only rubble, trees, cactuses, shrubs, and weeds are visible. Most of the site is used for grazing."<ref name=Khalidi32/>

==See also==
*[[Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel]]

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=1}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}  
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} 
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|publisher=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]|isbn=0-88728-224-5}} 
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C  |first=B. |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}} 
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Suruh/index.html Welcome To Suruh]
*[http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49358 Suruh], [[Zochrot]]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8366  IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.03.jpg Wikimedia commons] 
*[http://www.alnakba.org/villages/acre/suruh.htm Suruh], at [[Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center]]
{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

[[Category:District of Acre]]
[[Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in Israel]]