View source for Symphony No. 25 (Mozart)

{{Short description|1773 composition by W. A. Mozart}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Symphony in G minor
| subtitle = No. 25
| image = Mozart by Martin Knoller 1773.jpg
| image_upright = 
| caption = Mozart in 1773, portrait by [[Martin Knoller]]
| composer = [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
| key = [[G minor]]
| catalogue = [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 183/173dB
| composed = {{start date|1773}}
| movements = four
}}
The '''Symphony No. 25''' in [[G minor]], [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 183/173&nbsp;dB, was written by the then 17-year-old [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] in October 1773,<ref>{{cite book|title=Die Sinfonien III.|last=Mozart|first=Wolfgang Amadeus|others=Giglberger, Veronika (preface), Robinson, J. Branford (transl.)|year=2005|publisher=[[Bärenreiter]]|location=Kassel|page=XIII}} ISMN M-006-20466-3</ref> shortly after the success of his [[opera seria]] ''[[Lucio Silla]]''. It was completed in [[Salzburg]] on 5 October, a mere two days after the completion of his [[Symphony No. 24 (Mozart)|Symphony No. 24]]. Its first [[Movement (music)|movement]] was used as the opening music in [[Miloš Forman]]'s biographical film ''[[Amadeus (film)|Amadeus]]''.

This is one of two symphonies Mozart composed in [[G minor]], sometimes referred to as the "little G minor symphony". The other is the [[Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)|Symphony No. 40]]; see also [[Mozart and G minor]].

== Movements ==

The [[symphony]] is laid out in standard [[classical period (music)|classical]] form:

#[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Allegro con brio]], {{Music|time|4|4}} in [[G minor]]
#Andante, {{Music|time|2|4}} in [[E-flat major]]
#[[Minuet|Menuetto & Trio]], [[Triple metre|{{Music|time|3|4}}]] in G minor, Trio in [[G major]]
#Allegro, {{Music|time|4|4}} in G minor

This symphony is scored for two [[oboe]]s, two [[bassoon]]s, four [[natural horn|horns]] and [[String section|strings]].

=== First movement ===

:<score sound="1">
\relative c''' {
  \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Allegro con brio" 4 = 240
  \key g \minor
  g8\f g4 g g g8 |
  d8 d4 d d d8 |
  es8 es4 es es es8 |
  fis,8 fis4 fis fis fis8 |
  g8 bes d g bes16( a g fis g4)-. |
}
</score>

=== Second movement ===

:<score sound="1">
\relative c''' {
  \tempo "Andante"
  \key ees \major
  \time 2/4
  \tempo 4 = 50
  \partial 4 \partial 8 bes,8\p^\markup { \italic {con sordini} } (aes g) r8
  c8 (bes aes) r8
  aes (g f) r8 bes (aes g) r8
  ees'-! ees (f,) r8 bes-!
  aes (g) r8 c-!
  c (bes) r8
  d, (ees4) r8
}
</score>

=== Third movement ===

:<score sound="1">
\relative c''' {
  \tempo "Menuetto"
  \key bes \major
  \time 3/4
  g,4\f d g
  bes2 c8 (a)
  g4 fis g
  a8 (fis) d4 r4
  c'4\p c c
  b4.\fp (c16 d c4)
  ees ees ees
  d4.\fp (ees16 f ees4)
  g4\f g g
  fis (c') bes-!
  \grace bes16 (a4) g fis
  g2 r4\bar ":|."
}
</score>

:<score sound="1">
<<
\new Staff \with { instrumentName = #"Hb1 "}
  \relative c'' {
     \key g \major
     \tempo "Trio"
     \time 3/4
    d2 \p b'8 (g)
    g (fis) fis4 fis
    fis (c') b16 (a g fis)
    g8 (b) d,4 r4
    g (fis e)
    a4.\fp (g8) fis4
    \grace a16 (g4) fis e
    d2 r4 \bar ":|."
  }
\new Staff \with { instrumentName = #"Hb2 "}
  \relative c'' {
    \key g \major
    \time 3/4
   b2\p r4
   r4 c c
   c (fis,) g16 (a b c)
   b8 (d) b4 r4
    e4 (d cis)
    fis4.\fp (e8) d4
     \grace fis16 (e4) d cis
    d2 r4 \bar ":|."
  }
>>
</score>

=== Fourth movement ===

:<score sound="1">
\relative c'' {
     \key bes \major
     \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo "Allegro" 4 = 140
     \time 2/2
    g4 \p d bes'4. a8
    g4 bes (a g)
    fis d c'4. bes8
    a4 c (bes a)
    g bes ees4. d8
    c4 a d4. c8
    bes4 g ees cis
    d! c' (bes a)
    g8\f d'4 d d d8~ d4 g (fis g)
  }
</score>

== Style and influence ==
With its wide-leap melodic lines and [[syncopation]], this symphony is characteristic of the ''{{Lang|de|[[Sturm und Drang]]}}'' style. It shares certain features with other ''Sturm and Drang'' symphonies of this time, and is likely inspired by Haydn's [[Symphony No. 39 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 39]], also in G minor.<ref>{{cite book| first= H. C. |last= Robbins Landon| authorlink= H. C. Robbins Landon| title= Haydn: Chronicle and Works| place= Bloomington, Indiana; London| publisher= Indiana University Press| year= 1976| volume= 2| chapter= Haydn at Eszterhaza, 1766–1790| isbn= }}</ref>

== Performance history ==
The work was first performed in the United States by the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]] on 27 October 1899 under the direction of [[Wilhelm Gericke]]. It was not performed again in the US until 1937, when rendered by the [[Alfred Wallenstein]] Sinfonietta. [[John Barbirolli]] and the [[New York Philharmonic]] performed it again in 1941 as part of their centennial season.<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Mozart: Symphony No. 25 in G minor|others=John Barbirolli and the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York|year=1942|first=David|last=Hall|type=78rpm album set|publisher=Columbia Records|id=MX-217|location=New York}}</ref>

In 1990, [[Deutsche Grammophon]] released a recording of this symphony performed by the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] conducted by [[Leonard Bernstein]].<ref>{{Discogs release|name=Mozart – Peter Schmidl, Wiener Philharmoniker, Leonard Bernstein – Mozart Symphonien No. 25 No. 29; Klarinettenkonzert (Clarinet Concerto)|id=10458717}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
The first movement plays over the opening credits of [[Amadeus (film)|''Amadeus'']], the 1984 Oscar-winning [[biographical film]] about Mozart.<ref>{{Discogs release|name=Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Neville Marriner, Academy Of St. Martin-In-the-Fields – ''Amadeus'' (Original Soundtrack Recording)|id=2170959}}</ref> This version was recorded by the [[Academy of St Martin in the Fields]] and [[Neville Marriner]].

Beginning in the 1990s, the [[Titan Company]] (an Indian manufacturer of fashion accessories) released several television advertisements for their Quartz line of watches.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Sneha |date=23 May 2019 |title=BrandSaga: Titan – Timeless Watches, Timeless Ads |url=https://www.socialsamosa.com/2019/05/brandsaga-titan-advertising-journey/ |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=Social Samosa}}</ref> [[Ogilvy (agency)|Oglivy & Mather]], the agency that produced the advertisements, selected a phrase from {{lang|it|Allegro con brio}} as the theme music. These advertisements became iconic and helped popularize the brand. Several versions were produced aside from the traditional arrangement, like one played solely on the [[piano]]. Titan also produced an advertisement featuring an [[Electronic music|electronic]] backing track overlaid with the theme played on several [[List of Indian musical instruments|Indian musical instruments]] by renowned musicians. These included [[Ravi Shankar]] on the [[sitar]] and the father-son duo of [[Alla Rakha]] and [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]] on the [[tabla]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goel |first=Shikhar |date=16 July 2020 |title=What advertising strategy made TITAN an iconic watch brand? |url=https://thestrategystory.com/2020/07/16/what-advertising-strategy-made-titan-an-iconic-watch-brand/ |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=The Strategy Story}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{NMA|101|87|102|34|{{noitalic|Sinfonie in g, KV 183 (173dB)}}|bullet=no}}
*{{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.25 in G minor, K.183/173dB (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)|cname=Symphony No.25 in G minor, K.183/173dB (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)}}
*{{Mutopia|1380}} (the Allegro con brio movement)
*{{Mutopia|1381}} (the Andante movement)
* [http://www.liberliber.it/online/autori/autori-m/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/sinfonia-n-25-in-sol-minore-k-183/ Symphony No. 25 in G minor mp3] by the [[RIAS-Symphonie-Orchester]] Berlin (1950 recording), {{ill|Liber Liber|it}}
* {{YouTube|2hBAZKFf8Rk|Animated score}}, Weinberger Chamber Orchestra, [[Gábor Takács-Nagy]], live concert, [[Tonhalle, Zurich]], 31 January 2016

{{Mozart symphonies}}
{{Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}}
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[[Category:Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|25]]
[[Category:1773 compositions]]
[[Category:Compositions in G minor]]