View source for Synaspismos

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Coalition of the Left, of Movements and Ecology
| native_name      = Συνασπισμός της Αριστεράς των Κινημάτων και της Οικολογίας <br /> ''Synaspismós tis Aristerás ton Kinimáton kai tis Oikologías''
| native_name_lang = el
| logo             = Synaspismos logo.svg
| leader           = [[Alexis Tsipras]]
| foundation       = {{ublist
 | 1989 {{small|(as an electoral coalition)}}
 | 1991 {{small|(as a political party)}}
}}
| dissolved        = {{end date|2013|7|10|df=y}}
| split            = [[Communist Party of Greece]]
| merger           = [[Greek Left]]<br/>[[United Democratic Left]]<br/>[[Party of Democratic Socialism (Greece)|Party of Democratic Socialism]]<br/>Agrarian Party<br/>United Socialist Party<br/>Socialist Union<br/>Progressive Agrarian Party
| merged           = [[Syriza|Coalition of the Radical Left]] (SYRIZA)
| headquarters     = 1 Eleftherias Square,<br />105 53 [[Athens]]
| ideology         = {{nowrap|[[Democratic socialism]]<ref name="March2012">{{cite book|author=Luke March|title=Radical Left Parties in Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xF3FBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1782|date=12 March 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-57897-7|page=1782}}</ref><ref name="Magone2003">{{Citation |first=José M. |last=Magone |title=The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration into the European Union |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=2003 |page=152 |isbn=9780275977870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOj2BwVxczUC&pg=PA152 }}</ref><br />[[Eco-socialism]]<ref name="BackesMoreau">{{Citation |first1=Uwe |last1=Backes |first2=Patrick |last2=Moreau |title=Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |year=2008 |pages=571–575 |isbn=9783525369128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H23Pv4Ik3vMC&pg=PA571 }}</ref><br />[[Eurocommunism]]<ref name="AnttiroikoMälkiä2007">{{cite book|author1=Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko|author2=Matti Mälkiä|title=Encyclopedia of Digital Government|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDrTMazYhdkC&pg=PA398|access-date=18 July 2013|year=2007|publisher=Idea Group Inc (IGI)|isbn=978-1-59140-790-4|pages=398–}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=José M. |last=Magone |title=The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration into the European Union |publisher=Praeger Publishers |year=2003 |page=151 |isbn=9780275977870 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOj2BwVxczUC&q=synaspismos+eurocommunist}}</ref><br />[[Environmentalism]]<ref name="Magone2003" /><br />[[Feminism]]<ref name="Magone2003" /><br />[[Pacifism]]<ref name="Magone2003" />}}
| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]<ref name="BackesMoreau"/><ref>Synaspismos was described as left-wing several times:
*{{cite web|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/themen/syriza|title=Syriza|work=[[Tagesspiegel]]|quote=Sie ging aus dem linken Wahlbündnis „Synaspismos“ hervor.}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/170407.griechenlands-linke-ist-uneins.html|title=Griechenlands Linke ist uneins – Traditionalisten gegen Reformanhänger|author=Hannes Hofbauer |date=5 May 2010|work=[[Neues Deutschland]]|quote=Ein junger Fahnenträger erklärt in einwandfreiem Englisch den Unterschied zwischen »wirklichen« Kommunisten und Linksallianz: »Synaspismos will den Kapitalismus reformieren, daran glauben wir nicht.}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/die-oppositionsparteien-in-griechenland-100.html|title=Die Oppositionsparteien in Griechenland|date=5 November 2010|quote=Der Sprecher des linken Bündnisses Synaspismos, Panos Skourletis: [...]|work=[[Deutschlandfunk]]}}
*{{cite web|quote=Coalition of the Left and the Progress - Synaspismos (left/progressive party)|title=Examining facets of the hegemonic: the globalisation discourse in Greece and Ireland|work=Munich Personal RePEc Archive|date=25 April 2006|last=Antoniades|first=Andreas|url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28869/1/MPRA_paper_28869.pdf}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHv_ACE0EekC&q=Synaspismos|title=The New European Left: A Socialism for the Twenty-First Century?|author=K. Hudson|page=95|quote=As ''Die Linke'' Chair, Lothar Bisky, stated in his address at the conference of the Greek Left Party Synaspismos|date=19 June 2012|publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137265111}}</ref> <br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Far-left]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tovima.gr/2011/03/19/politics/syn-aristero-reyma-pros-aristera/ |title=ΣΥΝ-ΑΡΙΣΤΕΡΟ ΡΕΥΜΑ ΠΡΟΣ ΑΡΙΣΤΕΡΑ |website=To Vima |date=19 March 2011 |language=el |access-date=2025-09-13}}</ref>
| youth_wing       = [[SYN Youth]]
| national         = [[Coalition of the Radical Left]]
| international    = 
| european         = [[Party of the European Left]], [[European Anticapitalist Left]] (observer)
| europarl         = [[European United Left–Nordic Green Left]]
| colours          = Yellow
| colorcode        = {{party color|Coalition of the Left of Movements and Ecology}}
| website          = {{url|www.syn.gr}}
| country          = Greece
}}
The '''Coalition of the Left, of Movements and Ecology'''<ref name="BackesMoreau"/><ref>{{Cite book |first=Kostas |last=Gemenis |title=Election Report—Winning Votes and Weathering Storms: The 2009 European and Parliamentary Elections in Greece |work=Democracy in Theory and Practice |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |page=99}}<br />{{Cite book |first=Panos Arion |last=Hatziprokopiou |title=Globalisation, Migration and Socio-economic Change in Contemporary Greece |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |year=2006 |page=124}}<br />{{Cite journal |first=George Th. |last=Mavrogordatos |title=Greece |journal=European Journal of Political Research |volume=44 |year=2005 |issue=7/8 |page=1027|doi=10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00265.x }}<br />{{Cite book |first=Takis S. |last=Pappas |title=Populism and Crisis Politics in Greece |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2014 |page=106}}</ref> ({{langx|el|Συνασπισμός της Αριστεράς των Κινημάτων και της Οικολογίας}}, ''Synaspismós tis Aristerás ton Kinimáton kai tis Oikologías''), commonly known as '''Synaspismos''' ({{langx|el|Συνασπισμός}}, ''Synaspismós'', "Coalition") and abbreviated to '''SYN''' (ΣΥΝ), was a Greek political party of the radical [[New Left]]. It was founded in 1991 and was known as the '''Coalition of the Left and Progress''' ({{langx|el|Συνασπισμός της Αριστεράς και της Προόδου}}, ''Synaspismós tis Aristerás kai tis Proódou'') until 2003. In 2004 SYN was a founding member of the [[Party of the European Left]].<ref name="VerneyMichalaki2013">{{cite book|author1=Susannah Verney|author2=Sofia Michalaki|chapter=Greece|editor=Nicolò Conti|title=Party Attitudes Towards the EU in the Member States: Parties for Europe, Parties Against Europe|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lpKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-93656-5|pages=137–138}}</ref>

SYN was the largest party of the left-wing [[coalition]] formed in 2004 called [[Syriza|Coalition of the Radical Left]] (SYRIZA). SYN was dissolved in 2013.

==History==
===Coalition, late 1980s–1991===
[[File:Συναπισμός της Αριστεράς και της Προόδου.svg|thumb|left|upright|Logo of the Coalition of the Left and Progress]]
As its name reveals, Synaspismos emerged initially as an electoral coalition at the late 1980s, with the pro-[[USSR|Soviet]] [[Communist Party of Greece]] (KKE) and the [[Greek Left]], one of the successors of the [[eurocommunist]] [[Communist Party of Greece (Interior)|KKE Interior]], as its largest constituents. The [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Greece)|Party of Democratic Socialism]], a splinter from the [[Union of the Democratic Centre (Greece)|Union of the Democratic Centre]] which occupied a similar position to [[Panhellenic Socialist Movement|PASOK]], was the largest non-[[Communist]] member party.

The [[dissolution of the USSR]] brought the Left into disunion, and the traditional [[Stalinist]] majority within KKE purged all non-hardliners from the party—almost 45% of the Central Committee members, including ex-general secretary [[Grigoris Farakos]], and majorities in many Local Committees (called by the KKE majority as "revisionists" and by the press as the "renewers"). At this time KKE also left the coalition.

===Party, 1991–2013===
After that, the other parties of the coalition and the renewing part of KKE decided to convert the alliance into a political party (1991).

Although the 'experiment' seemed to have great potential, serious ideological conflicts were afflicting the new party. At the [[1993 Greek legislative election|legislative elections of 1993]], SYN failed by 2,000 votes to pass the limit of 3% and enter the National Parliament. But next year, Synaspismos got its highest national 'score' ever (6.26%) in the [[1994 European Parliament election in Greece|1994 European Parliament elections]]. Two years later, with 5.12%, got its highest score in [[1996 Greek legislative election|1996 legislative elections]].

[[Image:Alekos Alavanos speech 2007.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Former Synaspismos leader Alekos Alavanos giving a speech at a SYRIZA rally in Athens]]
In the [[2000 Greek legislative election|legislative elections of 2000]], SYN was supported by the small [[Renewing Communist Ecological Left]] (AKOA) party and a small group of ecologists. After the elections a few members of the National Committee, who were asking for approximation with the social democrats, left the party accusing the majority of neo-communist turn and created the short-lived party AEKA. AEKA was first split and little later disbanded in some months, when the head of the party became an Undersecretary in the [[Panhellenic Socialist Movement|socialdemocratic]] administration of [[Kostas Simitis]].

In the [[2004 Greek legislative election|legislative elections of 2004]], Synaspismos, together with several smaller parties (AKOA, [[Movement for the Unity of Action of the Left]] – KEDA, [[Internationalist Workers Left]] – DEA, Active Citizens), formed an alliance called [[Coalition of the Radical Left]] (SYRIZA), but contested the [[2004 European Parliament election in Greece|Euro-elections of the same year]] on its own, because of ideological disagreements within the party. The alliance with the smaller parties was formed again at the end of 2005, when chairman [[Alekos Alavanos]] proposed the 30-year-old [[Alexis Tsipras]] as candidate mayor of Athens for the Municipal Election of 2006, proclaiming the party's "overture to a younger generation". The Tsipras candidacy was received well, especially so by younger voters, and formed the party's springboard for its good [[2007 Greek legislative election|2007 parliamentary elections]] showing.

On 10 February 2008 [[Alexis Tsipras]] was elected party president, replacing Alavanos, who stepped down citing private reasons. At that time Tsipras did not hold a parliamentary seat, so Alavanos remained leader of the parliamentary group. After the [[2009 Greek legislative election|legislative elections in 2009]], Tsipras entered Parliament and became leader of the SYRIZA parliamentary group.

The 6th Congress of Synaspismos took place in June 2010.<ref>[https://www.in.gr/2010/03/28/greece/apo-tis-3-mexri-tis-6-ioynioy-to-6o-synedrio-toy-synaspismoy The 6th Synaspismos Congress is taking place between the 3rd and 6th of June]</ref> The "renewing wing" led by [[Fotis Kouvelis]], in disagreement with the party's participation in [[SYRIZA]], left the party and founding [[Democratic Left (Greece)|Democratic Left]].<ref>[http://www.tovima.gr/default.asp?pid=2&ct=32&artId=336317&dt=09/06/2010 Divorce within Synaspismos]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120723112735/http://www.avgi.gr/ArticleActionshow.action?articleID=552705 Democratic Left's founding declaration]</ref> Fotis Kouvelis was followed by three more MPs, that left the party caucus.<ref>[https://www.naftemporiki.gr/story/288510/aneksartitoi-oi-4-tis-ananeotikis-pterugas-tou-syn The "4" of the "renewing wing" have gone Independent.]</ref>

Both in the [[May 2012 Greek Legislative election]] and in the [[June 2012 Greek Legislative election]], [[SYRIZA]] came second, electing 52 and 71 MPs, accordingly, of which 45 and 55 were part of Synaspismos.

In July 2013, right before the first Congress of [[SYRIZA]], the final congress of Synaspismos took place, that overwhelmingly voted to disestablish Synaspismos and to merge with [[SYRIZA]].<ref>[https://www.in.gr/2013/07/10/greece/anoigoyme-mia-nea-selida-eipe-o-al-tsipras-sto-synedrio-toy-syn/ "We're turning the page" said A. Tsipras in the SYN Congress]</ref><ref>[http://www.kathimerini.gr/46078/article/epikairothta/politikh/yperyhfisthke-h-aytodialysh-toy-syn SYN's autodisestablishment has been approved]</ref><ref>[http://www.skai.gr/news/politics/article/237344/apofasistike-i-autodialusi-tou-sunaspismou/ Synaspismos' disestablishment has been decided]</ref>

==Election results==

===Hellenic Parliament===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:16px;"
|-
! rowspan="2" width="60px"| Election
! colspan="5"| [[Hellenic Parliament]]
! rowspan="2" width="30px"| Rank
! rowspan="2" width="125px"| Government
! rowspan="2"| Leader
|-
! width="75px"| Votes
! width="45px"| %
! width="45px"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="100px"| Seats won
! width="40px"| +/−
|-
! colspan="9" |As an electoral coalition
|-
![[June 1989 Greek legislative election|1989 I]]
|855,944
|13.13%
|''New''
|{{Composition bar|28|300|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
|''New''
| rowspan="3" |3rd
| style="background:#cfc;" |Coalition cabinet of [[Tzannis Tzannetakis]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Charilaos Florakis]]
|-
![[November 1989 Greek legislative election|1989 II]]
|734,552
|10.97%
|{{Decrease}} 2.16
|{{Composition bar|21|300|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
|{{Decrease}} 7
| style="background:#ffc;"|[[Coalition Cabinet of Xenophon Zolotas|Zolotas Ecumenical Government]]
|-
![[1990 Greek legislative election|1990]]
|677,059
|10.28%
|{{Decrease}} 0.69
|{{Composition bar|19|300|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
|{{Decrease}} 2
|style="background-color:#FFCCCC" | Opposition
|-
! colspan="9" |As a party
|-
! [[1993 Greek legislative election|1993]]
| 202,887
| 2.9%
| ''New''
| {{Composition bar|0|300|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
| ±0
| No. 5
| style="background-color:#DDDDDD"| No seats
| [[Maria Damanaki]]
|-
! [[1996 Greek legislative election|1996]]
| 347,236
| 5.1%
| {{increase}}2.2
| {{Composition bar|10|300|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
| {{increase}}10
| No. 4
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFCCCC" | Opposition
| rowspan="2" | [[Nikos Konstantopoulos]]
|-
! [[2000 Greek legislative election|2000]]
| 219,880
| 3.2%
| {{decrease}}1.9
| {{Composition bar|6|300|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
| {{decrease}}4
| No. 4
|}

===European Parliament===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; line-height:16px;"
|-
! colspan="8"|[[European Parliament]]
|-
! width="60px"| Election
! width="75px"| Votes
! width="45px"| %
! width="45px"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="100px"| Seats won
! width="30px"| +/−
! width="30px"| Rank
! Leader
|-
! [[1994 European Parliament election in Greece|1994]]
| 408,072
| 6.2%
| ''New''
| {{Composition bar|2|25|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
| {{increase}}2
| No. 5
| rowspan="3" | [[Nikos Konstantopoulos]]
|-
! [[1999 European Parliament election in Greece|1999]]
| 331,928
| 5.2%
| {{decrease}}1.0
| {{Composition bar|2|25|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
| ±0
| No. 5
|-
! [[2004 European Parliament election in Greece|2004]]
| 254,447
| 4.2%
| {{decrease}}1.0
| {{Composition bar|1|24|hex={{party color|Synaspismos}}}}
| {{decrease}}1
| No. 4
|}

==Ideological identity==
{{unreferenced section|date=May 2012}}
SYN described itself as "a radical left party, inspired by the ideas of the renewal of the communist and broader left movement in Greece and in Europe. It also fights for the merging of the ecological movement along with the left, to form a strategic alliance. The party's culture has been enriched by its active participation in the movement against the Neoliberal Capitalist Globalization."

Synaspismos aspired to be a "canopy party"; where, under the party flag, one could find people of varying ideological and theoretical backgrounds. Therefore, SYN members were encouraged to form, or participate in, intra-party platforms on the basis of kinship in ideology. Platforms mounted open discussions and published magazines, but might not work against party consensus decisions.

Note: the exact word used is ''"τάσεις"'' ("tendencies"), but the term ''platform'' is more fitting in English.

==Tendencies==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2014}}
The role of the platforms was vital especially in congresses, because each of them proposed a thesis on party strategy and presented its own ballot of candidates for the National Committee. In the National Committee elected by the last Congress (5 February 2008), the rank (in terms of representation) was the following: "Left Current" (mainstream western Marxism, party center-left), "Renewing Wing" (radical social democracy, party right), the "Red-green Network" (eco-Marxism, party left) and the "Initiative" (eurosceptic Marxism, party extreme left). Since 2004 the Left Stream, the Red-greens and the Initiative formed the so-called ''Left Majority'', which was responsible for moving the party to more radical leftist positions.

* ''Left Unity'' ([[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]], supporting [[Alexis Tsipras]]), 50.63% in the last congress{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}
* ''Left Current'' ([[Communism|communist]], [[Euroscepticism|eurosceptic]]), 29.83% in the last congress{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}
* ''Renewing Wing'' ([[Democratic socialism|democratic socialist]]; most of its members left Synaspismos and founded [[Democratic Left (Greece)|Democratic Left]]), 17.23% in the last congress {{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}
* ''Red-Green Network'' ([[Eco-socialism|eco-socialist]], [[Communism|communist]]), participated with the Left Unity list in the last congress{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}
* ''Initiative for the Left Recomposition'' ([[Communism|communist]], [[Euroscepticism|eurosceptic]]), 1.16% in the last congress{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}

==Representation and international alliances==
[[Image:Alexis Tsipras.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Last chairman Alexis Tsipras]]
The party had members in the National and [[European Parliament]]. After having survived the crisis of not achieving parliamentary representation in 1993, Synaspismos had, since 1996, been the fourth party in the Greek Parliament, and the third party (in terms of representation) in local government. In the [[European Parliament]] SYN was a member of the [[European United Left - Nordic Green Left]] group, and also a member of the [[European Social Forum]]. Moreover, SYN hosted the 1st Congress of European Left (29–30 October 2005), which formulated the [[Athens Declaration of the European Left]] as the manifesto of the [[European Left]] party.

Well-known executive members of Synaspismos were: [[Alexis Tsipras]], [[Alekos Alavanos]], [[Giannis Dragasakis]], [[Nikos Konstantopoulos]], [[Panagiotis Lafazanis]] et al.

Synaspismos was closely connected with the following:
*The Athens daily newspaper ΑΥΓΗ (''Dawn'')
*The Athens radio station "105.5 FM – Στο Κóκκινο" (''In Red'').
*The "[[Nicos Poulantzas]]" Institute for Political Research
*The Archive of Modern Social History (ΑΣΚΙ)

==Structure==
The structure of SYN consists of three levels:
* Local: City, village or trade union committees, responsible for everyday matters at the workplace and neighborhood level, and deciding on issues of local interest.
* Prefectural: The Prefectural Administration is elected by the members of the local committees and co-ordinates local committee work.
* Nationwide: The National Committee (Central Political Committee (CPC)) is elected by the Party Congress, held every three years. It exercises the central administration of the party and convenes almost every month.  Major decisions are usually taken at this level.
** The Secretariat is elected by the CPC among its members, and oversees three duties: to represent the party in media outlets and in negotiations with other parties; to prepare CPC sessions; and to co-ordinate party work at the nationwide level. Though somewhat similar to the ''Politbüro'' of old-style communist parties, its role is not nearly as dominant. Usually the members of the Secretariat are working full-time for the party.
*** The Chairperson of SYN is elected by the Congress and was a [[primus inter pares]] member of both the CPC and the Secretariat.

==SYN youth==

[[Image:Logo-syn-youth.png|thumb|260px|right|SYN Youth Logo]] [[Image:SYN Youth 2007.jpg|thumb|200px|right|SYN Youth members in a 2007 [[Coalition of the Radical Left]] rally]]
SYN's youth organisation was [[SYN Youth]] (Νεολαία ΣΥΝ, SYN Youth), which was autonomous from the party structure. Until the late 1990s they were called "Left Youth League" (Ένωση Αριστερών Νέων). N-SYN had their own membership and executive bodies, but in general their decisions and activity were similar to the ones of the party. Their power was noteworthy in most Student Councils all around Greece, through the AR.EN.(Αριστερή Ενότητα, "Left Unity"). N-SYN also participated in the [[European Network of Democratic Young Left]] (ENDYL).

==Leaders==

{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan=2|No.
! Leader
! Portrait
! colspan=2|Term of office
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Coalition of the Left of Movements and Ecology}}; color:white;" |
! 1
| [[Charilaos Florakis]]
| [[File:Charilaos Florakis.JPG|100px]]
| 8 April 1989
| 18 March 1991
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Coalition of the Left of Movements and Ecology}}; color:white;" |
! 2
| [[Maria Damanaki]]
| [[File:Ministru prezidents Valdis Dombrovskis tiekas ar Eiropas Savienības (ES) jūrlietu un zivsaimniecības komisāri Mariju Damanaki (7093055433) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| 18 March 1991
| 19 December 1993
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Coalition of the Left of Movements and Ecology}}; color:white;" |
! 3
| [[Nikos Konstantopoulos]]
| [[File:Nikos Konstantopoulos 2013 cropped.jpg|100px]]
| 19 December 1993
| 12 December 2004
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Coalition of the Left of Movements and Ecology}}; color:white;" |
! 4
| [[Alekos Alavanos]]
| [[File:Alekos Alavanos cropped.jpg|100px]]
| 12 December 2004
| 11 February 2008
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Coalition of the Left of Movements and Ecology}}; color:white;" |
! 5
| [[Alexis Tsipras]]
| [[File:Alexis Tsipras 2013.jpg|100px]]
| 11 February 2008
| 10 July 2013 
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Synaspismos}}
*{{official website}} {{in lang|el|en}}
*[http://www.left.gr/radio.php Radio Station ''In Red'' live] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410222627/http://www.left.gr/radio.php |date=10 April 2006 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061119131712/http://www.eppnp.gr/index_en.php?gl=en Institute Nikos Poulantzas]
*[http://askiweb.eu/ ASKI archives], currently only in Greek
*[http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/pages-europe/d000562-grece.-le-synaspismos-tiraille-entre-social-democratie-et-anarchisme-par-Dimitri Kitsikis/article ''Grèce. Le Synaspismos tiraillé entre social-démocratie et anarchisme'', Grande Europe, no.16, janvier 2010, La Documentation Française. Read on Line]

{{Party of the European Left}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Synaspismos}}
[[Category:Defunct socialist parties in Greece]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1991]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Greece]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 2013]]
[[Category:2013 disestablishments in Greece]]
[[Category:Components of Syriza]]
[[Category:Centre-left parties in Europe]]
[[Category:Left-wing parties in Europe]]
[[Category:Left-wing politics in Greece]]
[[Category:Defunct communist parties in Greece]]
[[Category:Eco-socialist parties]]
[[Category:Feminist parties in Europe]]
[[Category:Pacifism in Greece]]
[[Category:Pacifist parties]]
[[Category:Feminism in Greece]]
[[Category:United fronts]]