View source for Syrmia County

{{Short description|Historic county of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia}}
{{for-multi|the medieval Hungarian county|Syrmia County (medieval)|the modern Serbian district|Srem District}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name            = {{lang|hr|Srijemska županija}}<br/>{{lang|sr-Latn|Sremska županija}}<br />{{lang|sr-Cyrl|Сремска жупанија}}<br />{{lang|hu|Szerém vármegye}}<br />{{lang|de|Komitat Syrmien}}
|conventional_long_name = Syrmia County
|common_name            = 
|subdivision            = [[Counties of Croatia|County]]
|nation                 = the [[Kingdom of Slavonia]], [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (later [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]])
|p1                     =
|s1                     =
|year_start             = 1745
|event_end              = territorial reorganization of the SCS Kingdom 
|year_end               = 1922
|life_span              = 1745–1922
|image_coat             = Coa_Hungary_County_Szerém_(history).svg
|image_map              = Szerém vármegye Horvát-Szlavónországon.svg
|image_map_caption      = Location of Syrmia County (red) within the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]] (white)
|capital                = Vukovar
|coordinates            = {{Coord|45|21|N|19|0|E|display=inline,title}}
|stat_area1             = 6866
|stat_pop1              = 414234
|stat_year1             = 1910
|category               =
|today                  = [[Croatia]], [[Serbia]]
|footnotes              =
}}

'''Syrmia County''' ({{langx|hr|Srijemska županija}}, {{lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|Сремска жупанија|Sremska županija|separator=" / "}}, {{langx|hu|Szerém vármegye}}, {{langx|de|Komitat Syrmien}}) was a historic administrative subdivision (''[[Counties of Croatia|županija]]'') of the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]. Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within the [[Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen]] ([[Transleithania]]), the Hungarian part of [[Austria-Hungary]]. The region of [[Syrmia]] is today split between [[Croatia]] and [[Serbia]]. The capital of the county was [[Vukovar]] ({{langx|hu|Vukovár}}).

==Geography==
Syrmia County shared borders with other Croatian-Slavonian counties of [[Požega County|Požega]] and [[Virovitica County|Virovitica]], the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] land of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], the [[Kingdom of Serbia]], and the Hungarian counties of [[Bács-Bodrog]] and [[Torontál]]. The County stretched along the right (southern) bank of the river [[Danube]] and the left (northern) bank of the river [[Sava]], down to their confluence. Its area was 6,866&nbsp;km² around 1910.

==Background==
{{See also|Syrmia County (medieval)}}
By the 13th century, two counties were formed in this region: Syrmia (in the east) and Vukovar (in the west). Syrmia County was an administrative division of the [[Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages]]. This area was taken by the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1521 and the two counties were abolished. The territory was then (in 1544) included into Ottoman [[Sanjak of Syrmia]]. The [[Habsburg monarchy]] took one part of Syrmia from the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] in 1688, while the other part was taken by Habsburgs in 1718. The entire region was incorporated into the [[Military Frontier]], which was then extended from Western [[Slavonia]], where it stood in 1683, all the way to [[Transylvania]].

==History==
{{For|the history of the general region of Syrmia|Syrmia}}
[[Image:Vojvodina10.png|thumb|left|Syrmia county and vicinity (1881–82)]]
Syrmia County was re-established in 1745 as part of the [[Kingdom of Slavonia]], a [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] province, which was part of both the [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia]] and the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary]]. This new county did not cover the whole of its later territory – the southern and furthest eastern parts instead passed to the [[Slavonian Military Frontier]] (and partially to the [[Banat Military Frontier]] 1849–60). The Kingdom of Slavonia was mainly inhabited by Serbs and Croats.

In 1848 and 1849, the area of the county was part of the [[Serbian Vojvodina|Serbian Voivodship]], a [[Serbs|Serbian]] autonomous region proclaimed at the May Assembly in [[Sremski Karlovci|Karlovci]]. Between 1849 and 1860 the eastern part of the county was part of the [[Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar]], a separate crown land of the [[Austrian Empire]], formally becoming part of the [[Neusatz District]] from 1854;<ref name="Act of 1 Feb 1854">Gesetz vom 1. Februar 1854, RGBl. 28/1854: {{cite web|url=https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=rgb&datum=1854&page=261&size=45|title=Verordnung der Minister des Inneren, der Justiz und der Finanzen vom 1. Februar 1854, betreffend die politische und gerichtliche Organisirung der serbischen Woiwodschaft und des Temeser Banates.|language=de|date=1854-02-01|accessdate=2023-07-13|work=Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt für das Kaiserthum Österreich|via=ÖNB-ALEX - Historische Rechts- und Gesetztexte Online}}</ref> the western part around [[Vukovar]] passed to the Slavonian [[Virovitica County|Osijek County]].<ref name="Act of 3 June 1854">Gesetz vom 3. Juni 1854, RGBl. 136/1854: {{cite web|url=https://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=rgb&datum=1854&page=673&size=45|title=Verordnung der Ministerien des Innern, der Justiz und der Finanzen vom 3. Juni 1854, betreffend die politische und gerichtliche Organisirung der Königreiche Kroatien und Slawonien|language=de|date=1854-06-03|accessdate=2023-07-13|work=Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt für das Kaiserthum Österreich|via=ÖNB-ALEX - Historische Rechts- und Gesetztexte Online}}</ref>

After 1860, Syrmia County was established again, and was reincorporated into the Kingdom of Slavonia, which was a completely separate Habsburg province at the time. In 1867, as a consequence of the {{lang|de|[[Ausgleich]]}} between the Austrians and the Hungarians, the Kingdom of Slavonia was incorporated into [[Transleithania]], the half of [[Austria-Hungary]] run from [[Budapest]], and in the [[Hungarian-Croatian Settlement]] of 1868, it was incorporated into [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia|Croatia-Slavonia]], a formally separate kingdom within the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], which had a certain level of autonomy and was ruled by its own ''[[Ban (title)|ban]]''.

In 1881 the Slavonian Military Frontier was abolished; the [[Petrovaradin Fortress|Petrovaradin]] district and part of the [[Slavonski Brod|Brod]] district would be merged into Syrmia County by 1886.

After [[World War I]], the area of Syrmia County became part of the newly formed [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] in 1918 and this was confirmed by the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain]] in September 1919.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/517198/Treaty-of-Saint-Germain Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The County of Syrmia was an official administrative division of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] between 1918 and 1922, and then was transformed into the Province (Oblast) of Syrmia (de facto it was carried out in   1924<ref>[http://arhinet.arhiv.hr/_Generated/Pages/Stvaratelji.PublicDetails.aspx?ItemId=15468 ARHiNET arhivski informacijski sistem<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>).

==Demographics==
{{History of Slavonia}}
*According to the census of 1870, the area of the county under civil administration (so excluding the area of the county under the administration of the slavonian military frontier) had 120,352 inhabitants.
*According to the census of 1890, the county had 347,022 inhabitants.

In 1900, the county had a population of 381,739 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kt.lib.pte.hu/cgi-bin/kt.cgi?konyvtar/kt06042201/0_0_3_pg_23.html |title=KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár |publisher=Kt.lib.pte.hu |access-date=2012-12-06}}</ref>

'''Total:'''
* [[Serbian language|Serbian]]: 168,982 (44.3%)
* [[Croatian language|Croatian]]: 100,360 (26.3%)
* [[German language|German]]: 67,027 (17.6%)
* [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: 23,539 (6.2%)
* [[Slovak language|Slovak]]: 11,415 (3.0%)
* [[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]]: 4,345 (1.1%)
* [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: 601 (0.2%)
* Other or unknown: 5,470 (1.4%)

According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kt.lib.pte.hu/cgi-bin/kt.cgi?konyvtar/kt06042201/0_0_3_pg_31.html |title=KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár |publisher=Kt.lib.pte.hu |access-date=2012-12-06}}</ref>

'''Total:'''
* [[Eastern Orthodox]]: 172,818 (45.3%)
* [[Roman Catholic]]: 171,142 (44.8%)
* [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]: 22,473 (5.9%)
* [[Calvinism|Calvinist]]: 5,750 (1.5%)
* [[Greek Catholic]]: 4,681 (1.2%)
* [[Jewish]]: 3,894 (1.0%)
* [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]]: 2 (0.0%)
* Other or unknown: 979 (0.3%)

[[File:Syrmia ethnic map.png|thumb|Ethnic map of the county with data of the 1910 census (see the key in the description).]]

In 1910, the county had a population of 414,234 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kt.lib.pte.hu/cgi-bin/kt.cgi?konyvtar/kt06042201/0_0_3_pg_23.html |title=KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár |publisher=Kt.lib.pte.hu |access-date=2012-12-06}}</ref>

'''Total:'''
* [[Serbian language|Serbian]]: 183,109 (44.2%)
* [[Croatian language|Croatian]]: 106,198 (25.6%)
* [[German language|German]]: 68,086 (16.4%)
* [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: 29,522 (7.1%)
* [[Slovak language|Slovak]]: 13,841 (3.3%)
* [[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]]: 4,642 (1.1%)
* [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: 587 (0.1%)
* Other or unknown: 8,249 (2.0%)

According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kt.lib.pte.hu/cgi-bin/kt.cgi?konyvtar/kt06042201/0_0_3_pg_31.html |title=KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár |publisher=Kt.lib.pte.hu |access-date=2012-12-06}}</ref>

'''Total:'''
* [[Eastern Orthodox]]: 189,007 (45.6%)
* [[Roman Catholic]]: 182,140 (44.0%)
* [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]: 25,927 (6.3%)
* [[Calvinism|Calvinist]]: 7,512 (1.8%)
* [[Greek Catholic]]: 5,722 (1.4%)
* [[Jewish]]: 3,779 (0.9%)
* [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]]: 7 (0.0%)
* Other or unknown: 140 (0.0%)

==Subdivisions==
[[File:Hrvatski skolski muzej Zupanija Sriemska 300109.jpg|thumb|Old detailed map of Syrmia County]]
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Syrmia county were:

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2|Districts
|-
! District!! Capital
|-
|Irig||[[Irig, Serbia|Irig]]
|-
|Mitrovica||[[Sremska Mitrovica|Mitrovica]], today Sremska Mitrovica
|-
|Ruma||[[Ruma]]
|-
|Stara Pazova||[[Stara Pazova]]
|-
|Šid||[[Šid]]
|-
|Ilok||[[Ilok]]
|-
|Vinkovci||[[Vinkovci]]
|-
|Vukovar||[[Vukovar]]
|-
|Zemun||[[Zemun]]
|-
|Županja||[[Županja]]
|-
!colspan=2|Urban counties
|-
|colspan=2|[[Zemun]]
|-
!colspan=2|Urban districts
|-
|colspan=2|[[Sremski Karlovci]]
|-
|colspan=2|[[Petrovaradin]]
|-
|colspan=2|[[Sremska Mitrovica|Mitrovica]]
|-
|}

The towns of [[Vukovar]], [[Ilok]], [[Vinkovci]], and [[Županja]] are currently in [[Croatia]], in [[Vukovar-Syrmia county]]. The towns of [[Šid]], [[Ruma]], [[Irig, Serbia|Irig]], [[Sremska Mitrovica|Mitrovica]] (Sremska Mitrovica), [[Stara Pazova]], [[Sremski Karlovci]] and [[Petrovaradin]] are currently in [[Serbia]] ([[Vojvodina]] province). [[Zemun]] is currently in [[Serbia]]n region of [[Belgrade]].

==See also==
{{Portal|Croatia|Serbia}}
* [[Palace of Syrmia County]]
* [[Kingdom of Slavonia]]
* [[Srem District]] of [[Vojvodina]], Serbia
* [[Vukovar-Syrmia County]] of Croatia

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Literature==
{{Commons category|Syrmia County}}
* {{Cite book|last=Taube|first=Friedrich Wilhelm von|title=Historische und geographische Beschreibung des Königreiches Slavonien und des Herzogthumes Syrmien|volume=1|year=1777|location=Leipzig|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-FqcUaKaLoC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Taube|first=Friedrich Wilhelm von|title=Historische und geographische Beschreibung des Königreiches Slavonien und des Herzogthumes Syrmien|volume=2|year=1777|location=Leipzig|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofvHYs8LX8MC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Taube|first=Friedrich Wilhelm von|title=Historische und geographische Beschreibung des Königreiches Slavonien und des Herzogthumes Syrmien|volume=3|year=1778|location=Leipzig|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQ2kqcHW07wC}}

{{HUCountiesto1918}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srijem County}}
[[Category:Syrmia County| ]]
[[Category:1924 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Former counties of Croatia]]
[[Category:Vojvodina under Habsburg rule]]
[[Category:Counties in the Kingdom of Hungary]]
[[Category:History of Slavonia]]
[[Category:History of Syrmia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 18th century]]