View source for TEMPUS

{{Short description|University collaboration program}}
{{other uses|Tempus (disambiguation)}}

[[File:TEMPUS.png|thumb|350px|{{legend|#000080|EU Member states}} {{legend|#008000|TEMPUS partner countries}} {{legend|#00FF00|TEMPUS participation under discussion}}]]

The '''TEMPUS''' ('''Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies''') is a program that encouraged [[Higher education|higher education institutions]] in the [[European Union|EU]] Member States and partner countries to engage in structured cooperation<ref name=TEMPUSIF/> through the establishment of "consortia". The "consortia" implemented Joint European Projects (JEPs) with a clear set of objectives to promote exchanges and mobility of teaching staff and trainers. Such projects could receive financial aid for two or three years. Tempus also provided Individual Mobility Grants (IMGs) to individuals working in the higher education sector to help them work on certain specified activities in other countries.<ref name = "JP">Syrquin, Ari (16 July 2008). [https://www.jpost.com/Business/Business-Features/Whats-New-in-the-EU-Tempus-office-opens-in-Jerusalem "What's New in the EU: Tempus office opens in Jerusalem"]. ''[[Jerusalem Post]]''. Retrieved 3 June 2013.</ref>

TEMPUS was adopted on 7 May 1990 by The Council of the European Communities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trans-European mobility for university studies (TEMPUS) |url=https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/31-transeuropean-mobility-for-university-studies-tempus |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=CORDIS {{!}} European Commission |language=en}}</ref>

As of 1 January 2014, Tempus-like activities, namely capacity building activities, became part of a new cooperation programme called [[Erasmus+]]. These activities involve former Tempus member countries, in addition to countries from Latin America, Asia and Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific.<ref name = "The future of the Tempus programme">. [http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/tempus/programme/new_tempus_programme_en.php "The future of the Tempus programme"]. ''[[EU]]''. Retrieved 12 Jan 2015.</ref>

==Member states==
Participating countries of TEMPUS included:

*{{flagcountry|European Union}} The 27 [[Member state of the European Union|member states]] of the European Union.

Partnership countries (organized by region) include:

[[Europe]]:
*{{flagcountry|Albania}}
*{{flagcountry|Armenia}}
*{{flagcountry|Azerbaijan}}
*{{flagcountry|Belarus}}
*{{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
*{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
*{{flagcountry|Georgia (country)}}
*{{flagcountry|Kosovo}}
*{{flagcountry|Moldova}}
*{{flagcountry|Montenegro}}
*{{flagcountry|Republic of North Macedonia}}
*{{flagcountry|Russia}}
*{{flagcountry|Serbia}}
*{{flagcountry|Ukraine}}

[[Asia]]:
*{{flagcountry|Israel}}
*{{flagcountry|Jordan}}
*{{flagcountry|Lebanon}}
*{{flagcountry|Palestine}}
*{{flagcountry|Syria}}

[[Central Asia]]:
*{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
*{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
*{{flag|Tajikistan}}
*{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
*{{flag|Uzbekistan}}

[[Africa]]:
*{{flag|Algeria}}
*{{flag|Egypt}}
*{{flagcountry|Libya}} (under negotiations)
*{{flag|Morocco}}
*{{flag|Tunisia}}

==Example projects==
* [[Tambov State Technical University]]'s Centre for International Specialist Training (CIST) runs a specialist training course, "English for Students, Lecturers and Administrators of Technical Universities", developed within the framework of TEMPUS.<ref>Shelenkova, Irina  and  Mishchenko, Elena (2012(). [http://icit12.sstu.ru/ocs/index.php/icit/icit12/paper/view/57 "Innovative Language Curricula at Tambov State Technical University"]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Saratov State Technical University, ''International Conference on Information Technologies, International Conference on Information Technologies 2012''. Retrieved 3 June 2013.</ref>
* According to 2013 figures of the [[Ministry of Education (Ukraine)|Minister of Education]] between 1993 and 2013 40% of [[Higher education in Ukraine|Ukrainian higher education establishments]] have participated in TEMPUS projects.<ref name=TEMPUSIF>[http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/40-of-ukrainian-universities-participate-in-eu-tempus-program-within-20-years-says-education-minister/ 40% of Ukrainian universities participate in EU Tempus program within 20 years, says education minister], [[Interfax-Ukraine]] (14 April 2013)</ref> In 2008, TEMPUS opened offices in both [[Jerusalem]] and [[Ramallah]].<ref name = "JP" />

==See also==
{{Portal|Education|European Union}}
* [[Bologna Process]]
* [[European Higher Education Area]]
* [[European Research Area]]
* [[Erasmus Programme]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Ayoubi, R.M. and Massoud, H. K. (2011). "Questioning the Role of Internationalization in the Nationalization of Higher Education: the Impact of the EU TEMPUS Programme on Higher Education in Syria", ''European Journal of Higher Education'', Vol 1, Issue 4, pp.&nbsp;352–368. (Taylor and Francis, indexed by ERA)

==External links==
*[https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/sites/2007-2013/tempus-programme_en TEMPUS website of the European Commission]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tempus}}
[[Category:Academic transfer]]
[[Category:Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union]]


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