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{{Short description|Village in Quebec, Canada}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | name                 = Tadoussac
 | settlement_type      = [[Village municipality (Quebec)|Village municipality]]
 | image_skyline        = Tadoussac - Panorama 01.jpg
 | imagesize            = 
 | image_caption        = 
 | image_flag           = 
 | flag_size            = 120x100px
 | image_shield         = The_Tadoussac_Coat_of_Arms.png
 | shield_size          = 100x80px
 | nickname             = 
 | motto                = 
 | image_map            = Tadoussac Quebec location diagram.png
 | mapsize              = 
 | map_caption          = Location within La Haute-Côte-Nord RCM
 | pushpin_map          = Côte-Nord Region Quebec
 | pushpin_label_position = 
 | pushpin_label        = 
 | pushpin_map_caption  = Location in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec
 | coordinates          = {{coord|48|09|N|69|43|W|region:CA-QC|display=inline,title}}
 | coor_pinpoint        = 
 | coordinates_footnotes= <ref name="toponymie" />
 | subdivision_type     = Country
 | subdivision_name     = Canada
 | subdivision_type1    = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
 | subdivision_name1    = [[Quebec]]
 | subdivision_type2    = [[Region (Quebec)|Region]]
 | subdivision_name2    = [[Côte-Nord]]
 | subdivision_type3    = [[Regional county municipality|RCM]]
 | subdivision_name3    = [[La Haute-Côte-Nord Regional County Municipality|La Haute-Côte-Nord]]
 | established_title    = Settled
 | established_date     = 1599
 | established_title1   = Constituted
 | established_date1    = October 10, 1899
 | government_footnotes = <ref name="mamh">{{mamrot |{{#property:P3856}} |access-date=2024-07-05}}</ref>
 | government_type      = 
 | leader_title         = Mayor
 | leader_name          = Richard Therrien
 | leader_title1        = [[List of Canadian federal electoral districts|Federal riding]]
 | leader_name1         = [[Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan]]
 | leader_title2        = [[List of Quebec provincial electoral districts|Prov. riding]]
 | leader_name2         = [[René-Lévesque (provincial electoral district)|René-Lévesque]]
 | area_footnotes       = <ref name="mamh"/><ref name="cp2021">{{cite web|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census: Tadoussac, Village [Census subdivision], Quebec and Quebec [Province]|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?DGUIDlist=2021A00052495005&GENDERlist=1&HEADERlist=0&Lang=E&STATISTIClist=1&SearchText=Tadoussac|publisher=Statistics Canada|date=9 February 2022}}</ref>
 | area_total_km2       = 200.11
 | area_land_km2        = 52.73
 | area_water_km2       =
 | elevation_footnotes  = 
 | elevation_m          = 
 | population_footnotes = <ref name="cp2021" />
 | population_total     = 814
 | population_as_of     = 2021
 | population_density_km2= 15.4
 | population_blank1_title= Pop&nbsp;<small>(2016–21)</small>
 | population_blank1    = {{increase}} 1.9%
 | population_blank2_title= Dwellings
 | population_blank2    = 514
 | population_note      = 
 | timezone             = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
 | utc_offset           = −05:00
 | timezone_DST         = EDT
 | utc_offset_DST       = −04:00
 | postal_code_type     = [[Postal codes in Canada|Postal code]]
 | postal_code          = [[List of G postal codes of Canada|G0T 2A0]]
 | area_codes            = [[Area codes 418 and 581|418 and 581]]
 | blank_name           = Highways
 | blank_info           = {{jct|state=QC|QC|138}}  {{jct|state=QC|QC|172}}
 | website              = {{Official URL}}
 | footnotes            =
}}

'''Tadoussac''' ({{IPA|fr|tadusak}}) is a village municipality in [[La Haute-Côte-Nord Regional County Municipality|La Haute-Côte-Nord]] RCM (Regional County Municipality), on the north shore of the maritime section of the [[Estuary of St. Lawrence#Maritime estuary|estuary of St. Lawrence river]], in [[Côte-Nord]] region, [[Quebec]], [[Canada]].<ref name="hist">{{Cite web|url=https://tadoussac.com/en/|title=Tadoussac – Historique|publisher=Municipalité de Tadoussac.}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Tadoussac is located in a bay on the north shore of the [[Estuary of St. Lawrence|lower estuary of the St. Lawrence River]], at the mouth of the [[Saguenay River]] [[fjord]]. Tadoussac offers a backdrop of mountains, water, rock and greenery. The village municipality is a point of convergence between the [[Côte-Nord]], [[Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean|Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean]] and [[Charlevoix]].<ref name="toponymie">{{cite web|url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/CT/toposweb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=61428|title=Tadoussac (Municipalité de village)|publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec|access-date=2010-06-11|language=fr}}</ref>
<ref name="atlas">{{Cite web|url=http://www.canadiangeographic.com/atlas/themes.aspx?id=RIVERS&sub=RIVERS_EAST_SAGUENAY&lang=En|title=The Canadian Atlas Online|last=Canadian Geographic|access-date=27 January 2017|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182359/http://www.canadiangeographic.com/atlas/themes.aspx?id=RIVERS&sub=RIVERS_EAST_SAGUENAY&lang=En|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The entire area is either rural or still in a wilderness state, with several federal and provincial natural parks and preserves nearby which protect natural resources. Tadoussac encompasses the first marine national park of Canada. The nearest urban agglomeration is [[Saguenay, Quebec|Saguenay]] about {{convert|100|km}} west.

== History ==
[[File:Tadoussac - circa 1612 - Project Gutenberg etext 20110.jpg|thumb|left|Tadoussac in about 1612, illustrated by [[Samuel de Champlain]]]]
[[File:Tadoussac (1900).jpg|thumb|left|Tadoussac, 1900]]

[[Jacques Cartier]] came to the site in 1535 during his second voyage. He found [[Innu]] people using it as a base for hunting seal. Later that same century, [[Basques]] conducted [[whaling]] expeditions on the river, as well as engaging in hides trade with the natives based in the shore at the mouth of the Saguenay.<ref name="toponymie" /> By the end of the 16th century, more than a thousand Algonquin, Etchimin, and Montagnais gathered at Tadoussac every summer to trade furs with Europeans. The first nations quickly learned not to trade with the first ship arriving, but to wait until several competing ships would drive up the prices of their furs.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eccles |first=W.J. |title =The Canadian Frontier 1534-1760 |publisher =University of New Mexico Press |edition =Revised |date =1992 |location =[[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] |page =20 |isbn =0-8263-0705-1}}</ref>

Tadoussac was founded in 1599 by [[François Gravé Du Pont]], a merchant, and [[Pierre de Chauvin de Tonnetuit]], a captain of the French Royal Navy, when they acquired a [[fur trade]] monopoly from King [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]].<ref>{{cite DCB|first=William F. E.|last=Morley|title=Chauvin de Tonnetuit, Pierre de|volume=1|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/chauvin_de_tonnetuit_pierre_de_1E.html}}</ref> Gravé and Chauvin built the settlement on the shore at the mouth of the Saguenay River, at its confluence with the St. Lawrence, to profit from its location. But the frontier was harsh and only five of the initial sixteen  settlers survived the first winter.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rise to greatness : the history of Canada|last=Conrad|first=Black|isbn=978-0-7710-1356-0|oclc=974528236|date = 2017-03-07|publisher=McClelland & Stewart }}</ref> In 1603, the [[tabagie (feast)|tabagie]] or "feast" of Tadoussac reunited Gravé with Samuel de Champlain and with the Montagnais, the Algonquins, and the Etchimins." In 1615, the Mission of L'Exaltation-de-la-Sainte-Croix-de-Tadoussac, named in memory of a cross planted by [[Jean de Quen]], was founded by the [[Récollet]] Order. Their missionary brothers sang the first Mass there two years later.<ref name="toponymie" />

Tadoussac remained the only seaport on the St. Lawrence River for 30 years. Colonists from the Tadoussac area were involved in [[whaling]] from 1632 until at least the end of the century.

Historians believe the [[Iroquois|St. Lawrence Iroquoians]], who inhabited the St. Lawrence valley upriver to the west, were defeated and pushed out by the [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] before the early 17th century. By the late 17th and early 18th century, Tadoussac was the centre of fur trade between the French and First Nations peoples.  Competition over the fur trade increased among the nations. In 1720, the trading post became part of the [[Domaine du roy|King's Domain]] Posts. Between 1762 and 1786, it was operated by Dunn, Gray and Murray.<ref name=HBC>{{cite web |title=Hudson's Bay Company: Tadoussac |url=https://pam.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/PAM_AUTHORITY/AUTH_DESC_DET_REP/SISN%2062?sessionsearch |website=pam.minisisinc.com |publisher=Archives of Manitoba - Keystone Archives Descriptive Database |access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref>

In 1802, the [[North West Company]] obtained the lease on the trading posts in the King's Domain. When the North West Company (NWC) and the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] (HBC) merged in 1821, it was operated by the HBC for one year until the original NWC lease expired. The renewal of the 20-year lease was awarded to John Goudie, the highest bidder, but in 1831, the HBC reacquired the King's Posts by buying the lease from William Lampson. The Tadoussac post (also called Totoushack) was the administrative headquarters for all the King's Posts until 1849, when the headquarters were relocated to [[Les Îlets-Jérémie|Ile Jérémie]]. Due to a decline in the fur trade, Tadoussac became just a summer fishing post in 1851. In 1859, the HBC sold the salmon fishery, including its ice house and store, and ceased operations in Tadoussac.<ref name=HBC/>

In the 19th century, with industrialization reaching other parts of Canada, tourists discovered the appeal of this rural village. Wealthy Québécois built a number of vacation villas. A Victorian hotel called the Hotel Tadoussac was built in 1864; it was expanded around 1900 and demolished in 1942, and replaced by a newer Hotel Tadoussac.

In 1855, the geographic township of Tadoussac was established. In 1899, it was incorporated as a village municipality. In 1937, the Parish Municipality of Tadoussac was formed, but dissolved in 1949 because it had less than 500 inhabitants.<ref name="toponymie" />

=== Contemporary ===
[[File:Tadoussac3.jpg|thumb|Tadoussac as seen from the St. Lawrence]]

The modern village of Tadoussac lies close to the site of the original settlement at the mouth of the [[Saguenay River]]. It is known as a tourist destination because of the rugged beauty of the Saguenay [[fjord]] and its facilities for [[whale watching]]. The authority for the Port of Tadoussac was transferred in April 2012 to the Municipality of Tadoussac.

== Demographics ==
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Tadoussac had a population of {{val|814|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|397|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|514|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:814-799}}|799|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|799|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{cvt|52.73|km2|sqmi}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|814|52.73|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name="cp2021" />

{{Historical populations
|title       = {{Nowrap|Historical census populations –}} Tadoussac
|align       = none
|cols        = 3
|percentages = 
|footnote    = Population counts are not adjusted for boundary changes.
|source      = Statistics Canada<ref name=census1971>{{cite journal |title=1971 Census of Canada - Population Census Subdivisions (Historical) |journal=Catalogue 92-702 Vol I, Part 1 (Bulletin 1.1-2) |date=July 1973 |pages=76, 139 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref><ref>[[Canada 1996 Census|1996]], [[Canada 2001 Census|2001]], [[Canada 2006 Census|2006]], [[Canada 2011 Census|2011]], [[Canada 2016 Census|2016]], [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]] census</ref>
| 1921 |470
| 1931 |644
| 1941 |766
| 1951 |1064
| 1956 |1066
| 1961 |1083
| 1966 |1059
| 1971 |1010
| 1976 |998
| 1981 |900
| 1986 |838
| 1991 |832
| 1996 |913
| 2001 |870
| 2006 |850
| 2011 |813
| 2016 |799
| 2021 |814
}}

Mother tongue (2021):<ref name="cp2021" />
* English as first language: 1.8%
* French as first language: 95.7%
* English and French as first language: 0%
* Other first language: 1.2%

== Local government ==
List of former mayors:
{{Incomplete list|date=July 2024}}
* Pierre Marquis (...–2009)
* Hugues Tremblay (2009–2017)
* Charles Breton (2017–2021)
* Richard Therrien (2021–present)

== Tourism and attractions ==
[[File:Poste de traite Tadoussac.jpg|thumb|upright|Reconstructed trading post in Tadoussac]]
* Trading post of [[Pierre de Chauvin de Tonnetuit|Pierre Chauvin]]
* CIMM (''Centre d'interprétation des mammifères marins''), Center of Marine Mammal Interpretation
* [[Whale watching]] excursions in the [[Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park]]
*Club de Golf Tadoussac

== Transportation ==
Tadoussac is the north-east terminus of the [[Baie-Sainte-Catherine/Tadoussac ferry]] which offers free and frequent service across the Saguenay River. The ferry is part of [[Quebec Route 138]] and the main link to [[Sept-Îles, Quebec|Sept-Îles]]. The village is considered the gateway to the [[Manicouagan Regional County Municipality|Manicouagan region]].

Bus service to and from Quebec City and Montreal is offered by Intercar, twice a day, seven days a week.<ref>[http://www.bonjourquebec.com/qc-fr/repertoire-services-touristiques/compagnie-dautobus/intercar-quebec-charlevoix-cote-nord_28050066.html bonjourquebec.com: "Intercar (Montréal – Québec – Charlevoix – Côte-Nord)"]</ref>

== In media ==
[[File:View of Tadoussac from the Road.jpg|thumb|"Tadoussac, at the mouth of the Saguenay" by [[Frank Hamilton Taylor]]]]
* The film ''[[The Hotel New Hampshire (film)|The Hotel New Hampshire]],'' based on the 1981 [[The Hotel New Hampshire|John Irving novel of the same name]], was shot at the Hotel Tadoussac and released in 1984.
* The introduction to the [[Goosebumps (1995 TV series)|''Goosebumps'' TV series]] was filmed in Tadoussac, with the Hotel Tadoussac visible in the background at the first scene.
* The 2017 movie ''[[Tadoussac (film)|Tadoussac]]'' directed by [[Martin Laroche (director)|Martin Laroche]] features the main character moving to the town after wanting to abandon urban life.

== See also ==
* [[1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake]]
* [[List of village municipalities in Quebec]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Tadoussac}}
* [http://www.tadoussac.com/ Tadoussac official website]
* [https://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?methode=consulter&id=92892&type=bien Chapelle de Tadoussac], Mission chapel built between 1747 and 1750 (French)
* [https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/eau/atlas/index.htm Atlas de l’eau], Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs Québec (French)
* [http://www.gremm.org/ The CIMM in Tadoussac] Marine Mammal Research and Education Group (French)

{{Geographic location
 | title     = Adjacent Municipal Subdivisions
 | Centre    = Tadoussac
 | North     = [[Sacré-Coeur, Quebec|Sacré-Coeur]]
 | Northeast = [[Les Bergeronnes]]
 | East      = ''[[St. Lawrence River]]''
 | Southeast = 
 | South     = ''[[Saguenay River]]''<br/><small>ferry to</small> [[Baie-Sainte-Catherine]]
 | Southwest = 
 | West      = [[Sacré-Coeur, Quebec|Sacré-Coeur]]
 | Northwest = 
}}
{{La Haute-Côte-Nord RCM|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Quebec]]
[[Category:Incorporated places in Côte-Nord]]
[[Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts]]
[[Category:New France]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1599]]
[[Category:16th century in Quebec]]
[[Category:La Haute-Côte-Nord Regional County Municipality]]