View source for Tagbanwa script

{{Short description|Native writing system of Tagbanwa languages and other indigenous languages of Palawan}}
{{Contains special characters
| special    = uncommon [[Unicode]] characters
| fix        = Help:Multilingual support
| image      = Replacement character.svg
| link       = Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character
| alt        = <?>
| compact    = yes
}}'''Tagbanwa''' is one of the scripts [[Suyat|indigenous to the Philippines]], used by the [[Tagbanwa]] and the [[Palawan people]] as their ethnic writing system.<ref name=miller/>{{Infobox writing system
| name        = Tagbanwa script
| altname     = {{script|Tagb|ᝦᝪᝯ}}
| type        = [[Abugida]]
| region      = [[Palawan Island]]
| languages   = [[Palawanic languages]]
| fam1        = [[Proto-Sinaitic script]][a]
| footnotes   =
| fam2        = [[Phoenician alphabet]]
| fam3        = [[Aramaic alphabet]]
| fam4        = [[Brahmi script]]
| fam5        = [[Pallava script]]
| fam6        = [[Kawi script]]
| fam7        = [[Baybayin]]
| sisters     = ;In the Philippines 
*[[Baybayin]]
*[[Buhid script]]
*[[Hanunó'o script]]
*[[Kulitan]]
;In Indonesian Archipelago:
*[[Balinese script|Balinese]]
*[[Batak script|Batak]]
*[[Javanese script|Javanese]]
*[[Lontara script|Lontara]]
*[[Sundanese script|Sundanese]]
*[[Rencong script|Rencong]]
*[[Rejang script|Rejang]]
*[[Bima Script|Bima]]
*[[Makasar script|Makasar]]
| time        = {{circa|1300}}&ndash;present
| unicode     = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1760.pdf U+1760&ndash;U+177F]
| iso15924    = Tagb
| sample      = Tagbanwa script sample.svg
| imagesize   = 200px
| note        = none
}}
{{brahmic}}

The Tagbanwa languages ([[Aborlan Tagbanwa language|Aborlan]], [[Calamian Tagbanwa language|Calamian]] and [[Central Tagbanwa language|Central]]), which are [[Austronesian languages]] with about 8,000-25,000<ref name=ScriptSource>[https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=Tagb.htm ScriptSource: Tagbanwa].</ref> total speakers in the central and northern regions of [[Palawan]], are dying out as the younger generations of Tagbanwa are learning and using non-traditional languages such as [[Cuyonon]] and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], thus becoming less knowledgeable of their own indigenous cultural heritage. There are proposals to revive the script by teaching it in public and private schools with Tagbanwa populations.<ref name="newsinfo">{{Cite news |last=Orejas |first=Tonette |date=2018-04-27 |title=Protect All PH Writing Systems, Heritage Advocates Urge Congress |language=en |work=Inquirer.net |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/985669/protect-all-ph-writing-systems-heritage-advocates-urge-congress |access-date=2022-03-07}}</ref>

==Origin==
The Tagbanwa script was used in the Philippines until the 17th century. Closely related to [[Baybayin]], it is believed to have come from the [[Kawi script]] of [[Java]], [[Bali]] and [[Sumatra]], which in turn, descended from the [[Pallava script]], one of the southern Indian scripts derived from [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]].<ref name="omni">[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tagbanwa.htm Omniglot: Tagbanwa]. Accessed October 13, 2016.</ref>

==Features==
Tagbanwa is an alphasyllabary or [[abugida]] in which each letter represents a syllable consisting of a consonant and an [[inherent vowel]] /a/, a feature that it shares with many related scripts from SE Asia as they derive from variants of the [[Brahmi|Brahmic]] scripts of India. Similar to these scripts, vowels other than /a/ are indicated by the addition of a diacritic above (for /i/) or below (for /u/) the letter.<ref>{{cite web|first=Michael|last=Everson|author-link=Michael Everson|title=N1933 Revised proposal for encoding the Philippine scripts in the UCS|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1933.pdf|date=1998-11-23}}</ref> Lone vowels are represented by their own, independent letters, thus /a/, /i/ and /u/ since there are only three. Syllables ending in a consonant are written without the final consonant.<ref name="UniStdIndonesiaAndOceania">{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ch17.pdf#G26723|title=Chapter 17: Indonesia and Oceania|publisher=Unicode Consortium|date=March 2020}}</ref> Tagbanwa is distinguished from [[Baybayin]] by the shapes of several letters, most notably ‹ka› and ‹wa› that are markedly different from other varieties.<ref name="miller">{{cite book |chapter=A Survey of Indigenous Scripts of Indonesia and the Philippines |title=2014 International Workshop on Endangered Scripts of Island Southeast Asia |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/15915312 |access-date=20 April 2024 |last1=Miller |first1=Christopher |date=2014 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306014531/https://www.academia.edu/15915312 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Tagbanwa is traditionally written on bamboo in vertical columns from bottom to top and left to right. However, it is read from left to right in horizontal lines.<ref name="omni"/>

{| class="wikitable plainheaders"
|+ Tagbanwa syllables<ref name="UniStdIndonesiaAndOceania"/>
|-
!colspan = 2 | vowels
!colspan = 17 | consonants
|-
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝠ|note=a|s=Tagb}}
| 
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝣ|note=ka|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝤ|note=ga|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝥ|note=nga|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝦ|note=ta|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝧ|note=da|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝨ|note=na|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝩ|note=pa|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝪ|note=ba|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝫ|note=ma|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝬ|note=ya|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝮ|note=la|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝯ|note=wa|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝰ|note=sa|s=Tagb}}
|-
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝡ|note=i|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch= ᝲ|note=i|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝣ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝣᝲ|note=ki|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝤ+  ᝲ|ch=ᝤᝲ|note=gi|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝥ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝥᝲ|note=ngi|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝦ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝦᝲ|note=ti|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝧ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝧᝲ|note=di|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝨ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝨᝲ|note=ni|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝩ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝩᝲ|note=pi|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝪ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝪᝲ|note=bi|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝫ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝫᝲ|note=mi|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝬ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝬᝲ|note=yi|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝮ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝮᝲ|note=li|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝯ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝯᝲ|note=wi|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝰ +  ᝲ|ch=ᝰᝲ|note=si|s=Tagb}}
|-
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch=ᝢ|note=u|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|ch= ᝳ|note=u|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝣ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝣᝳ|note=ku|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝤ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝤᝳ|note=gu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝥ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝥᝳ|note=ngu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝦ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝦᝳ|note=tu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝧ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝧᝳ|note=du|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝨ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝨᝳ|note=nu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝩ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝩᝳ|note=pu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝪ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝪᝳ|note=bu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝫ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝫᝳ|note=mu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝬ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝬᝳ|note=yu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝮ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝮᝳ|note=lu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝯ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝯᝳ|note=wu|s=Tagb}}
| {{letter|l=tgt|tops=ᝰ +  ᝳ|ch=ᝰᝳ|note=su|s=Tagb}}
|}

Tagbanwa writing makes use of single ({{script|Tagb|᜵}}) and double ({{script|Tagb|᜶}}) punctuation marks.<ref name="UniStdIndonesiaAndOceania"/>

==Ibalnan==
[[File:Ibalnan.jpg|thumb|right|The Ibalnan alphabet]]
[[File:Ibalnan script sample.png|thumb|Another sample of the Ibalnan script]]
In the 20th century, this script was adopted from the Tagbanwa by the Palawan people further south in the [[Palawan|island]].<ref name=miller/> They call this alphabet '''Ibalnan''' and the vowel mark an ''ulit''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Palawano B Dictionary |url=https://www.webonary.org/palawanob/g4dd50244-515e-4393-81a0-ecc74944dd41/ |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref>

==Unicode==
{{Main|Tagbanwa (Unicode block)}}

Tagbanwa script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in March, 2002 with the release of version 3.2.

The Unicode block for Tagbanwa is U+1760&ndash;U+177F:

{{Unicode chart Tagbanwa}}

==See also==
*[[Suyat]]
*[[Baybayin]]
*[[Buhid script]]
*[[Hanunó'o script]]
*[[Kulitan (Kapampangan Writing Script)|Kulitan]] 
*[[Kawi script]]
*[[Filipino orthography]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080417200228/http://youpibouh.thefreecat.org/download/tagbanwa.htm Tagbanwa font by Samuel Thibault (2008)]
*[https://notofonts.github.io/tagbanwa/ Noto Sans Tagbanwa] ([https://github.com/notofonts/tagbanwa Source on GitHub])

{{Kawi family}}
{{Philippine scripts}}
{{list of writing systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tagbanwa Script}}
[[Category:Philippine scripts]]
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Tagbanwa]]


{{abugida-stub}}