View source for Tambourine

{{Short description|Handheld drum with metal jingles}}
{{Hatnote|See also [[Tambourine (disambiguation)]], [[tamborim]] and [[timbrel]].}}
{{Redirect|Buben|the "Buben group" of Soviet spies|Louis F. Budenz}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=Tambourine
|names=[[Riq]], Buben
|image=Pandeiro new 30-09-07.jpg
|image_capt= 
|background=percussion
|classification=[[Hand percussion]]
|hornbostel_sachs=112.122(+211.311, with drumhead)
|hornbostel_sachs_desc=Indirectly struck [[idiophone]], sometimes including struck [[membranophone]]
|related=[[Riq]], Buben, [[Dayereh]], [[Daf]], [[Kanjira]], [[Frame drum]]
}}

The '''tambourine''' is a [[musical instrument]] in the [[Percussion instrument|percussion family]] consisting of a frame, often of [[wood]] or [[plastic]], with pairs of small [[metal]] [[jingle (percussion)|jingle]]s, called "[[zill]]s". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a [[drumhead]], though [[Headless tambourine|some variants]] may not have a head. Tambourines are often used with regular percussion sets. They can be mounted, for example on a stand as part of a [[drum kit]] (and played with drum sticks), or they can be held in the hand and played by tapping, hitting, or shaking the instrument.

Tambourines come in many shapes with the most common being [[circle|circular]]. It is found in many forms of music: [[Albanian folk music]], [[Arabic music|Arabic folk music]], [[Balkan folk music]], [[Israeli folk music]], [[Turkish folk music]], [[Greek folk music]], [[Italian folk music]], [[French folk music]], [[classical music]], [[Music of Spain|Spanish folk music]], [[Persian traditional music|Persian music]], [[samba]], [[gospel music]], [[pop music]], [[country music]], and [[rock music]].

==History==
The origin of the tambourine is unknown, but it appears in historical writings as early as 1700 BC and was used by ancient musicians first in [[Ancient Egypt]], the [[Ancient Near East]] and eventually to [[Greece]] and other places.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vsl.co.at/academy/percussion/tambourine|title=Tambourine|publisher=VSL-Academy|access-date=16 June 2025}}</ref> The tambourine passed to Europe by way of merchants or musicians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wpr.org/shows/tambourine-and-music-making-around-globe|title=The Tambourine and Music Making Around The Globe|first=Jonathan|last=Overby|date=22 May 2014|website=Wpr.org|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> Tambourines were used in ancient Egypt, where they were known as the [[timbrel|tof]] to the Hebrews, who mainly used the instrument in religious contexts.<ref>{{1911|inline=1|first=Kathleen |last=Schlesinger |wstitle=Timbrel}}</ref> The word ''tambourine'' finds its origins in French ''tambourin'', which referred to a long narrow drum used in Provence, the word being a diminutive of ''tambour'' "drum," altered by influence of Arabic ''tunbur'' "drum".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tambourine|title=tambourine {{!}} Origin and meaning of tambourine by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=Etymonline.com|access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref> from the [[Middle Persian]] word ''tambūr'' "lute, drum".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tabor|title=tabor {{!}} Origin and meaning of tabor by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=Etymonline.com|access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref>

<gallery heights="180" widths="135" style="font-size:90%;line-height:2ex;">
File:Burgas-Archeology-museum-Red-figure-pottery.jpg|Ancient Greek [[red-figure pottery]] depicting a girl playing the tambourine. [[Bourgas]] Archaeology Museum
File:Woman mirror tambourine MBA Lyon L631.jpg|Woman holding a mirror and a tambourine facing a winged genie with a ribbon and a branch with leaves. [[Ancient Greek]] [[Red-figure pottery|red-figure]] [[oinochoe]], {{Circa|320}} BC, from [[Magna Graecia]]. (Notice the coloured decorative woven stripes hanging on the tambourine, which can still be seen today on the ''tamburello'', the tambourine of Southern Italy.)
File:Triumph of Bacchus - Sousse (clipped tympanum).jpg|[[Maenad]] playing a ''[[tympanum (hand drum)|tympanum]]''. Detail from the Triumph of Dionysus, on a Roman mosaic from Tunisia (3rd century AD). 
File:Recreation-Pearce-Highsmith-detail-2.jpeg|Girl playing a tambourine. Detail from ''Recreation'' (1896), by [[Charles Sprague Pearce]]. Library of Congress [[Thomas Jefferson Building]], Washington, D.C.
</gallery>

==Playing==
The tambourine can be held in the hand or mounted on a stand, and can be played in numerous ways, from stroking or shaking the [[jingle (percussion)|jingle]]s to striking it sharply with the hand or a stick or using the tambourine to strike the leg or hip.

===Tambourine rolls===
<!--[[Tambourine roll]] and [[Shake roll]] redirect directly here.-->{{See also|Drum roll}}

There are several ways to achieve a tambourine roll. The easiest method is to rapidly rotate the hand holding the tambourine back and forth, pivoting at the wrist.

====Thumb roll====
<!--[[Thumb roll]] redirects directly here.-->
An advanced playing technique is known as the thumb or finger roll.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Playing Techniques - Vienna Symphonic Library|url=https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Playing_Techniques/Tambourine-Rolls|access-date=28 July 2020|website=Vsl.co.at}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Five Tips To Perfecting A "Thumb Roll"|url=https://groverpro.com/five-tips-to-perfecting-a-thumb-roll|access-date=28 July 2020|website=groverpro.com}}</ref> The middle finger or thumb is moved over the skin or rim of the tambourine, producing a fast roll from the jingles on the instrument. The thumb or middle finger of the hand not holding the tambourine is run around the head of the instrument approximately one centimeter from the rim with some pressure applied. If performed correctly, the finger should bounce along the head rapidly, producing the roll. Usually, the end of the roll is articulated using the heel of the hand or another finger. To perform this technique, the percussionist usually lightly licks the tip of their thumb or uses beeswax or rosin. These materials increase friction making it easier to execute. A continuous roll can be achieved by moving the thumb in a "figure of 8" pattern around the head.

==Popular music==
[[File:Tamborine detail.jpg|thumb|[[Lucie Skeaping]] playing a tambourine (2012)]]

===Europe===
Various European folk traditions include the tambourine. The [[Romani people]] used the tambourine as a percussion instrument, and it was often passed around the audience to collect money after a performance. In the late 1700s, the tambourine had a surge in popularity in England, with some composers of [[salon music]] writing parts for tambourine, indicating as many as 30 different playing strokes or moves. The tambourines of this era often had a circular hole in the frame for the thumb, as one of the moves was to spin the tambourine on the upright thumb. In the late 19th century, [[The Salvation Army]] codified the tambourine as one of their important rhythm instruments. They preferred the term "[[timbrel]]" which was taken from the Bible. By 1945, Salvation Army performances often entailed elaborate tambourine choreography performed by squads in para-military style, more for visual appeal than for musicality.<ref name=Continuum/>

===African American influence===
[[File:LadyTambourineJazzfest08Howieluvzus.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lady Tambourine]] performs in 2008 at [[New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival]] in the gospel tent.]]
[[African Americans|African American]] slaves were denied drums which might be used for [[Drums in communication|long-distance communication]]. To supply rhythm in music, they turned to smaller percussion instruments such as the [[Bones (instrument)|bones]] and the tambourine, as well as [[clapping]] and [[body percussion]]. The tambourine could accompany the singing of [[Spiritual (music)|spirituals]], and it was used for celebrations and dancing.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Slave Music in the United States before 1860: A Survey of Sources |author=Dena J. Epstein |date=1963 |volume=20 |number=3 |journal=Notes |publisher=Music Library Association |pages=377–390 |doi = 10.2307/895685|jstor = 895685}}</ref> The tambourine became one of the main instruments of the American [[minstrel show]] in the early 1800s, often performed by whites in [[blackface]] such as [[Edwin Pearce Christy|Ned Christy]], or sometimes by actual black performers. On stage, the tambourine and bones players in minstrelsy stood to the far left and far right of the Interlocutor (master of ceremonies) and were titled Brother Tambo and Brother Bones: because of their position they were called the end men. The tambourine was also used in some [[vaudeville]] acts, including the 1840s dance and musical performances of [[Master Juba]] who was able to elicit a wide range of sounds from the instrument including the chugging of a steam train. Used for [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] praise in [[revival meetings]] in the early 20th century, by the 1920s the tambourine was firmly established as the primary percussion instrument of [[gospel music]]. The tambourine was played by gospel groups and choirs, and carried prominently by singers who did not otherwise play an instrument, notably by [[Bessie Jones (American singer)|Bessie Jones]] and [[Luther Magby]].<ref name=Continuum>{{cite book |editor1=John Shepherd |editor2=David Horn |editor3=Dave Laing |editor4=Paul Oliver |editor5=Peter Wicke |title=Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World |publisher=A & C Black |date=2003 |pages=364–367 |volume=2 |isbn=978-1-84714-472-0}}</ref>

At the same time, the tambourine expanded from gospel music to various forms of African American [[popular music]] including [[blues]] and [[jazz]]. For instance, singer and guitarist [[Blind Roosevelt Graves]] was accompanied by his brother Uaroy on tambourine and voice, singing both sacred and secular songs. Singer-songwriter [[Josh White]] got his start as a child performing for handouts in the street with an exuberant tambourine performance, beating the instrument's drumhead on his elbows, knees, and head.<ref>{{cite book |title=Josh White: Society Blues |page=11 |author=Elijah Wald |date=2002 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-94204-1}}</ref>

In the 1950s as gospel elements were incorporated into [[rhythm and blues]] by African American singers such as [[Ray Charles]], the tambourine often accompanied the changes. It continued its foray into popular music within the music of [[Motown]]. Motown singers and musicians often grew up with gospel music, and they carried the tambourine into pop performance. [[The Supremes]] performed with two tambourines – more for choreography than percussion – played by [[Florence Ballard]] and [[Mary Wilson (singer)|Mary Wilson]] standing apart from [[Diana Ross]].<ref name="Rock Eras">{{cite book |title=Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954-1984 |author=Jim Curtis |publisher=Popular Press |date=1987 |pages=96–97 |isbn=978-0-87972-369-9}}</ref> [[Jack Ashford]]'s distinctive tambourine playing was a dominant part of the rhythm section on many Motown records,<ref name=Brinkworth>{{cite web|url=http://www.theblackpage.net/articles/the-almighty-tambourine|title=The Almighty Tambourine|publisher=The Black Page|date=2 March 2010|first=Jayson |last=Brinkworth|access-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> for instance on [[the Miracles]] tune "[[Going to a Go-Go (song)|Going to a Go-Go]]",<ref name="Rock Eras"/> and [[Marvin Gaye]]'s "[[How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)|How Sweet It Is]]".<ref name=Brinkworth/>

[[File:Fleetwood Mac - Stevie Nicks (1980).png|thumb|upright|right|[[Stevie Nicks]] performing in 1980 on a [[headless tambourine]]]]
Inspired by African American examples, musicians of all races have used the tambourine in modern pop music. It was featured in "[[Green Tambourine]]", a [[busking]]-oriented song from [[the Lemon Pipers]], a 1960s [[White Americans|white American]] band.  Similarly, [[the Byrds]] released a hit version of "[[Mr. Tambourine Man]]" in 1965, a [[folk rock]] and [[psychedelic rock]] recording of a song written by [[Bob Dylan]]. The tambourine part of the song serves to drive the beat forward.<ref name=Dean>{{cite book |title=Rock N Roll Gold Rush: A Singles Un-Cyclopedia |author=Maury Dean |page=200 |publisher=Algora |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-87586-207-1}}</ref>

Singers who rarely play an instrument are likely to play the tambourine at concerts:<ref name=Brinkworth/> among the most well-known examples are [[Mick Jagger]] of [[the Rolling Stones]], [[Jim Morrison]] of [[the Doors]],<ref name=Dean/> [[Janis Joplin]] leading [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]], and [[Stevie Nicks]] as part of [[Fleetwood Mac]] and as a solo performer. Very often, the instrument used in pop music is the [[headless tambourine]] or "jingle ring", lacking a drum head. The singer should, however, play the tambourine with the overall song [[arrangement]] in mind; in some cases, band members have purposely hidden the tambourine from an irresponsible lead singer who disregards the interplay of rhythm.<ref name=Brinkworth/> On the other hand, skilled performers such as Jagger have brought a fine sense of timing to their tambourine playing. In the Rolling Stones' 1964 U.S. single of "[[Time Is on My Side]]", the less-known version, Jagger lays the tambourine on the front of the [[Beat (music)|beat]] while [[Charlie Watts]] holds the snare to the back of the beat, which allows the longer decay time of the tambourine to synchronise with the snare at the end. The result is an intentional feeling of running to catch up.<ref>{{cite book |title=Living Through Pop |author=Tim Barnes |chapter=Loosen up: the Rolling Stones ring in the 1960s |page=21 |editor=Andrew Blake |publisher=Routledge |date=2002 |isbn=978-1-134-71761-3}}</ref>

In jazz, the tambourine was used prominently but non-traditionally by percussionist [[Joe Texidor]] who backed [[Rahsaan Roland Kirk]] in 1969 on ''[[Volunteered Slavery]]''.<ref name=Continuum/> In 1960 when [[Nina Simone]] wanted to play the old minstrel song "[[Li'l Liza Jane]]" at the Newport Jazz Festival, she said "Where's my tambourine?", as heard on the album ''[[Nina Simone at Newport]]''. Jazz drummer [[Herlin Riley]] often takes the stage while beating and shaking a tambourine, and he is featured on the tambourine in [[Wynton Marsalis]]'s jazz oratorio ''[[Blood on the Fields]]'', which tells the story of slavery in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Living a Childhood Dream |author=Geraldine Wyckoff |pages=44–45 |magazine=[[OffBeat (music magazine)|OffBeat]] |edition=The Bible of Jazz Fest |date=2016 }}</ref>

Jazz, pop and rock drummers sometimes mount a headless tambourine in the [[drum kit]]. Some position the tambourine above the toms in the same manner as a cymbal, for instance, Nathan Followill of [[Kings of Leon]], and [[Larry Mullen Jr.|Larry Mullen Jr]] of [[U2 (band)|U2]]. [[Bill Ward (musician)|Bill Ward]] of [[Black Sabbath]] connected a tambourine to a foot pedal, for his left foot to operate like a [[hi-hat]]. [[John Bonham]] of [[Led Zeppelin]] simply mounted a tambourine above the hi-hat for extra sonic colour.<ref name=Brinkworth/> [[The Subdudes]], a [[roots rock]] group from New Orleans, opted for a tambourine player, Steve Amedée, instead of a drummer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-subdudes-mn0000475511|title=The Subdudes &#124; Biography, Albums, Streaming Links|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref>

==In classical music==
[[File:Tambourine 126 (13514147834).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Percussionist in the [[Philadelphia Youth Orchestra]], 2014]]
[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] was among the earliest western composers to include the tambourine in his compositions. Since the late eighteenth century it has become more common in western orchestral music, as exemplified in some of [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]'s dance pieces from the ''[[Nutcracker Suite]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tchaikovsky, P. 1892. The Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a (Danse Trepak)|url=http://ks.petruccimusiclibrary.org/files/imglnks/usimg/5/5a/IMSLP307472-PMLP03607-Trepak-TimpPerc.pdf|format=PDF|website=Ks.petruccimusiclibrary.org|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> [[Gustav Holst]]'s seven-movement orchestral suite ''[[The Planets]]'' also features the tambourine in several places, especially in the "Jupiter" movement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Holst, G. 1916. The Planets, Op. 32 (Jupiter)|url=http://ks.petruccimusiclibrary.org/files/imglnks/usimg/5/51/IMSLP53305-PMLP33488-Holst-Planets.Percussion.pdf|format=PDF|website=Ks.petruccimusiclibrary.org|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> [[Georges Bizet]]'s ''[[Carmen]]'' opera includes the famous "[[Habanera (aria)|Habanera]]" aria which has a series of tambourine strikes in each chorus.<ref>Georges Bizet. Carmen. Opéra comique en quatre actes. Critical Edition edited by Robert Didion. Ernst Eulenberg Ltd, 1992, 2003 (No. 5 Habanera, p. 99).</ref>

==Similar instruments==
===Buben===
{{main article|Bubon}}
[[File:Ukr folk 05.jpg|thumb|Ukrainian bubon]]
'''Buben''' ({{Lang|ru|Бубен}} in [[Russian language|Russian]], {{Lang|uk|Бубон}} in [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], {{Lang|sl|boben}} in [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], {{Lang|cs|buben}} in [[Czech language|Czech]],<ref>{{Citation |last= |first= |title=buben |date= |url=https://www.wordreference.com/czen/buben |work=word reference |language=en |access-date=6 February 2023}}</ref> {{Lang|pl|bęben}} in [[Polish language|Polish]]) is a [[musical instrument]] of the [[Percussion instrument|percussion family]] similar to a tambourine. A buben consists of a wooden or metal hoop with a tight membrane stretched over one of its sides (some bubens have no membrane at all). Certain kinds of bubens are equipped with clanking metal rings, plates, [[cymbal]]s, or little bells. It is held in the hand and can be played in numerous ways, from stroking or shaking the jingles to striking it sharply with hand. It is used for rhythmical [[accompaniment]] during dances, soloist or choral singing. Buben is often used by some folk and professional bands, as well as orchestras.

The name is related to [[Greek language]] {{Lang|el|βόμβος}} ('low and hollow sound') and {{Lang|el|βομβύλη}} ('a breed of bees') and related to [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] {{Lang|inc|bambharas}} ('bee') and [[English language|English]] ''bee''. Buben is known to have existed in many countries since time immemorial, especially in the [[East]]. There are many kinds of bubens, including {{Lang|az-latn|def}}, ''[[daf]]'', or {{Lang|az-latn|qaval}} ([[Azerbaijan]]), {{Lang|hy-latn|daf}} or {{Lang|hy-latn|khaval}} ([[Armenia]]), {{Lang|ka-latn|daira}} ([[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]), {{Lang|uz|doira}} ([[Uzbekistan]] and [[Tajikistan]]), {{Lang|fa-latn|daire}} or {{Lang|fa-latn|def}} ([[Iran]]), {{Lang|ar-latn|bendeir}} ([[Arab]] countries), {{Lang|es|pandero}} ([[Spain]]). In [[Kievan Rus]], [[drum]]s and military [[timpani]] were referred to as ''buben''.[[File:Daf-isfahan.jpg|thumb|upright|left|An Iranian woman playing a frame drum, from a painting on the walls of [[Chehel Sotoun]] palace, [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]], 17th century, [[Iran]]]]

===Daf===
{{main article|Daf}}
A '''daf''' ({{lang|ar|دف}}) is a large-sized tambourine or Perso-Arabic frame drum used to accompany both popular and classical music in [[Iran]], [[Azerbaijan]], the [[Arab world]], [[Turkey]] (where it is called {{Lang|tr|tef}}), [[Uzbekistan]] (where it is called {{Lang|uz|childirma}}), the [[Indian subcontinent]] (where it is known as the {{Lang|ne-latn|dafli}}) and [[Turkmenistan]]. Daf typically indicates the beat and tempo of the music being played, thus acts like the conductor in the monophonic oriental music. The Persian poet [[Rudaki]], who widely used names of the musical instruments in his poems, mentions the daf and the tambourine ({{Lang|fa-latn|taboorak}}) in a [[Ruba'i]]: A common use of tambourine (Daf) is by Albanians. They are often played by women and bridesmaids in wedding cases to lead the ceremony when bride walks down the aisle.{{Citation needed|date=August 2013}}

===Pandeiro===
{{Main article|Pandeiro}}
Originated in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] or [[Portugal]], the '''pandeiro''' was brought to [[Brazil]] by the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] settlers. It is a hand percussion instrument consisting of a single tension-headed drum with jingles in the frame. It is very typical of more traditional [[Brazilian music]].

===Panderoa===
The [[Basque music|Basque]] pandero is a folk instrument currently played along with the [[trikitixa]] (basque diatonic accordion) in a duo most of the time. Sometimes the players, who play in festivities to enliven the atmosphere or less frequently at onstage performances, sing along. At times the pandero accompanies the [[alboka]] or [[txistu]] too. Yet these kinds of duos have not always been the case. As attested [http://www.trikimailua.com/testuak/Trikitiak.htm in 1923], the youth gathered to dance to the rhythm of the bare pandero, with no other music instrument implicated but the player's (a woman's) voice.[[File:riqq.jpg|thumb|Arabic riq]]

===Riq===
{{main article|Riq}}
The '''[[riq]]''' (also spelled '''riqq''' or '''rik''') is a type of tambourine used as a traditional instrument in [[Arab music|Arabic music]]. It is an important instrument in both folk and classical music throughout the Arabic-speaking world. The instruments are widely known as ''shakers''.[[File:Dayra player.jpeg|thumb|upright|left|A traditional Central Asian musician from the 1860s or 1870s, holding up his dayereh]]

===Dayereh===
{{main article|Dayereh}}
A '''dayereh''' (or '''doyra''', '''dojra''', '''dajre''', '''doira''', '''daire''') is a medium-sized [[frame drum]] with [[jingle (percussion)|jingle]]s used to accompany both popular and classical music in [[Iran]] ([[Persia]]), the [[Balkans]], and many central Asian countries such as [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]],  and [[Uzbekistan]]. It is a [[percussion instrument]], and is something intermediate between a [[drum]] and a tambourine.[[File:Kanjira.jpg|thumb|Kanjira drums]]

===Kanjira===
{{main article|Kanjira}}
The '''[[kanjira]]''' or '''ganjira''' is a [[South India]]n frame drum of the tambourine family. It is mostly used in [[Carnatic music]] concerts (South Indian classical music) as a supporting instrument for the ''[[mridangam]]''. The instrument is called {{Lang|hi-latn|dafli}} ({{lang|hi|डफली}} in the northern Hindi-speaking parts of India and is a common instrument in orchestras and solos. Nepal also has a [[List of Nepali musical instruments#Tambourines and frame drums|variety of tambourines]], going by the names {{Lang|ne-latn|daanf}}, [[Damphu drum|''damphu'']] ({{langx|ne|डम्फू|links=no}}), {{Lang|ne-latn|hring}}, and {{Lang|ne-latn|khaijadi}} ({{langx|ne|खैंजडी|links=no}}).
{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| image1 = Sa'ga't (1), Ta'r (2). (1836) - TIMEA (clip, rotate, & whiten).jpg
| caption1 = Ta'r, Egypt, picture p.366 in {{cite book |author = Edward William Lane |author-link = Edward William Lane |title = An Account of the Manners and Customs of Modern Egyptians <!-- |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dLgTAAAAYAAJ --> |edition = 5th |year = 1836 |publication-date = 1860 <!-- |location = [[London]] |publisher = {{w|John Murray Publishers}} |page = [https://archive.org/details/accountofthemann031193mbp/page/n394 366] --> }}
| image2 = Deff - Tambourine, p. 579 in Thomson, 1859.jpg
| caption2 = Deff - Tambourine, Palestine, picture p. 579 in W. M. Thomson: The Land and the Book; or Biblical Illustrations Drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and Scenery of the Holy Land. Vol. II. New York, 1859.
}}

===Tar===
{{Main article|Tar (drum)}}
'''Tar''' ({{langx|ar|طار}}) is a single-headed [[frame drum]] of Turkish origin, but is commonly played in [[North Africa]] and the [[Middle East]].

===Timbrel===
{{Main article|Timbrel}}
'''Timbrel''' or '''tabret''' (the {{Lang|he-latn|tof}} of the ancient [[Hebrews]], the ''deff'' of [[Islam]], the ''adufe'' of the Moors of [[Spain]]), the principal musical instrument of percussion of the [[Israelites]], similar to the modern tambourine.[[Image:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Lijsttrom TMnr 1772-445.jpg|thumb|right|Redep, a rebana from [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]], with its typical red, black, and gold color]]

===Rabana===
{{Main article|Raban (drum)}}
A '''rabana''' (plural ''raban'') is a one-sided traditional tambourine played with the hands, used in [[Sri Lanka]].

===Rebana===
{{Main article|Rebana}}
'''Rebana''' is a Malay tambourine that is used in Islamic devotional music in Southeast Asia, particularly in [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], and [[Singapore]].

{{clear left}}

==See also==
{{div col |colwidth=12em}}
* [[Frame drum]]
* [[Dayereh]]
* [[Bendir]]
* [[Daf]]
*[[Pandero]]
* [[Pandero jarocho]]
* [[Riq]]
* [[Timbrel]]
* [[Tamborim]]
* [[Ravanne]]
* [[Bodhrán]]
* [[Sistrum]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Tambourine}}
{{Listen|filename=Tambourine.ogg|title=Modern Tambourine|description=Half moon tambourine rhythms|filesize=710 KB}}
* {{Cite EB1911|short=x|wstitle=Tambourine}}
* {{Cite NSRW|short=x|wstitle=Tambourine}}

{{Renaissance music}}
{{Greek musical instruments}}
{{Indonesian musical instruments}}
{{Iranian musical instruments}}
{{Frame drums}}
{{Percussion}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ancient Greek musical instruments]]
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Idiophones]]
[[Category:Directly struck membranophones]]
[[Category:Orchestral percussion instruments]]
[[Category:Drum kit components]]
[[Category:Hand percussion]]
[[Category:Rhythm section]]
[[Category:Hand drums]]
[[Category:Concert band instruments]]
[[Category:Romani musical instruments]]