View source for Tapti River

{{short description|River in India}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Tapi River (Thailand)]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name               = Tapti
| native_name        =
| native_name_lang   =
| name_other         = Tapi
| name_etymology     =
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image              = Tapti River, Cable bridge, Surat.jpg
| image_size         =
| image_caption      = Tapti or Tapi river at Surat.
| map                =
| map_size           =
| map_caption        =
| pushpin_map        =
| pushpin_map_size   =
| pushpin_map_caption=
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1  = Country
| subdivision_name1  = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2  = State
| subdivision_name2  = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type3  =
| subdivision_name3  =
| subdivision_type4  =
| subdivision_name4  =
| subdivision_type5  = Cities
| subdivision_name5  = [[Multai]]<br>[[Nepanagar]]<br>[[Burhanpur]]<br>[[Bhusawal]]<br>[[Mandvi, Surat district|Mandvi]]<br>[[Surat]] 
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| length_km = 724
| length_ref = approx.
| width_min          =
| width_avg          =
| width_max          =
| depth_min          =
| depth_avg          =
| depth_max          =
| discharge1_location= [[Dumas Beach]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = Tapti Basin Station: Kathore
| publisher = UNH/GRDC
| url = http://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P2853300.html
| access-date = 2013-10-01
}}
</ref>
| discharge1_min     = {{convert|2|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg     = {{convert|489|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max     = {{convert|9830|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1            = [[Multai]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| source1_location   =
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation  =
| mouth              = [[Gulf of Khambhat]] ([[Arabian Sea]])
| mouth_location     = Dumas, [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]]
| mouth_coordinates  =
| mouth_elevation    =
| progression        =
| river_system       =
| basin_size_km2 = 62225
| tributaries_left   = [[Girna River|Girna]], Nesu, Buray, Panjhara, Bori, Waghur, Purna, Mona, Sipna
| tributaries_right  = Arunavati, Vaki, Aner, [[Gomai River|Gomai]]
| custom_label       =
| custom_data        =
| extra              =
}}

The '''Tapti River''' (or '''Tapi''') is a river in [[central India]] located to the south of the [[Narmada River|Narmada]] river that flows westwards before draining into the [[Arabian Sea|Arabian]] Sea.<ref name="eb">{{cite web |title=Tapti River |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tapti-River |publisher=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> The river has a length of around {{Convert|724|km|miles|abbr=on}} and flows through the states of [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=eb/> It flows through the city of [[Surat]], in Gujarat, and is crossed by the [[Port of Magdalla|Magdalla]], ONGC Bridge.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/Truck-falls-into-Tapi-River-from-Magdalla-Bridge-driver-missing/articleshow/52512903.cms|title=Truck falls into Tapi River from Magdalla Bridge, driver missing|date=31 May 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Co|access-date=12 June 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Prakash Barage.jpg|thumb|260px|Prakasha Barrage on Tapti River, at [[Prakasha]]]]

On 7 August 1968, before the construction of the [[Ukai Dam]] to bring its waters under control and provide hydroelectric power, the Tapti River overflowed its banks during heavy rains in the [[monsoon]] season. More than 1,000 people drowned in the flood,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=gL9scSG3K_gC&dat=19680813&printsec=frontpage&hl=en | title=1,000 Believed Dead In India Flooding | newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | date=13 August 1968 | page=1 | agency=Associated Press | access-date=24 February 2019 }}</ref> and the city of Surat was submerged beneath 10 feet of water for several days.<ref>"Western India Town Under 10 Feet Of Water; Flood Toll Hits 1,000", ''Indianapolis Star'', 15 August 1968, p2</ref> After the floodwaters receded, at least 1,000 more people died in Gujarat during a [[cholera]] epidemic from the contamination of the drinking water.<ref>Lee Allyn Davis, ''Facts on File: Natural Disasters'' (Infobase Publishing, 23 June 2010) pp166-167</ref> The Tapti basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.{{cn|date=July 2023}}

== Course ==
The Tapti River rises in [[Multai]], in Madhya Pradesh, and with a total length of 724 km<ref name=":0" /> is the second longest west-flowing river in India, after the [[Narmada River]].<ref>{{Cite book |url= |title=The Indian Rivers: Scientific and Socio-economic Aspects |date=2018 |publisher=Springer Singapore |isbn= 978-981-10-2983-7|editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Dhruv Sen |series=Springer Hydrogeology |location=Singapore |pages=466 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-2984-4|s2cid=187246753 }}</ref> The Tapti travels east to west and flows through the Indian states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=2007 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=V.P. |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5180-8 |journal=Water Science and Technology Library |publisher=Springer |volume=57 |pages=561–564 |doi=10.1007/1-4020-5180-8|isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> It drains into the [[Gulf of Khambhat]], in the [[Arabian Sea]], in Gujarat.<ref name="eb" /> The Tapti River has 14 major tributaries, four are right bank and ten are left bank tributaries. The right bank tributaries originate in the [[Satpura Range|Satpura range]] and include the Vaki, Aner, [[Arunavati River|Arunawati]], and [[Gomai River|Gomai]].<ref name=":0" /> The left bank tributaries include the Nesu, Amravati, Buray, Panjhara, Bori, [[Girna River|Girna]], Waghur, [[Purna River (tributary of Tapti)|Purna]], Mona, and Sipna. They originate in the Gawilgarh hills, Ajanta hills, the [[Western Ghats]], and [[Satmala Range|Satmalas]].<ref name=":0" />

==Etymology==
The river is supposedly named after the goddess [[Tapati]], the daughter of [[Surya]], the Sun god and [[Chhaya]]. Tapati is the sister of [[Shani]], [[Bhadra]], [[Yamuna]] and [[Yama]].<ref name="Mittal06">{{cite book|last1=Mittal|first1=J.P.|title=History of ancient India : a new version|date=2006|publisher=Atlantic|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788126906161|page=412|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrh4tY3v2A4C&pg=PA412|access-date=21 July 2016}}</ref>

{{wide image|Tapi paramoma 3.jpg|800px|Panorama of Tapi river in Surat city
|alt=Panorama of Tapi river in Surat city at dusk with partial daylight and lights illuminated}}

[[Surat]], [[Bhusawal]], [[Burhanpur]] and [[Multai]] towns are located near Tapti river.

==See also==
* [[Gulf of Khambhat]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{commons category}}
{{Wikisource|1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tapti}}
{{Hydrography of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Hydrography of Maharashtra}}
{{Hydrography of Gujarat}}
{{Western Ghats}}
{{Waters of South Asia}}

{{coord|21|06|N|72|41|E|display=title|region:IN_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tapti River| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Gulf of Khambhat]]
[[Category:Geography of Surat]]