View source for Tehiya

{{Short description|Israeli ultranationalist political party}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox political party
|name = Tehiya
|native_name = {{Script/Hebrew|תחיה}}
|country = Israel
|logo = Tehiya_(1992).png
|logo_size = 170px
|colorcode = {{party color|Tehiya}}
|leader = [[Geula Cohen]]<br/>[[Yuval Ne'eman]]
|foundation = 1979
|dissolution = 1992
|split = [[Herut]]
|merger = 
|merged = [[Likud]]
|headquarters = 
|ideology = [[Ultranationalism]]<ref name="Weinblum2015">{{cite book|author=Sharon Weinblum|title=Security and Defensive Democracy in Israel: A Critical Approach to Political Discourse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8DtyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR10|year= 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-58450-6|page=10}}</ref><br>[[Settler]] interests<br />[[Revisionist Zionism]]<br/>[[Greater Israel]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pedahzur |first1=Ami |title=The Triumph of Israel's Radical Right |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Atkins |first1=Stephen E. |author-link=Stephen E. Atkins |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups |date=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Press |page=316}}</ref>
|position = [[Right-wing]]<ref>{{Cite news|agency=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]|title=Tehiya Threatens to Quit Coalition Unless Government Moves on Intifada|date=9 August 1990|url=https://www.jta.org/1990/08/09/archive/tehiya-threatens-to-quit-coalition-unless-government-moves-on-intifada}}</ref> to [[Israeli far-right|far-right]]<ref name="Mendilow2003">{{cite book|author=Jonathan Mendilow|title=Ideology, Party Change, and Electoral Campaigns in Israel, 1965-2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5nMEYsLxAoC&pg=PA142|year=2003|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-5587-6|page=142}}</ref>
|international =
|youth_wing = 
|european = 
|seats1_title = Most MKs
|seats1 = 5 (1984)
|colours =
|religion = 
|website = 
|symbol = {{Script/Hebrew|ת}}
}}
{{Conservatism in Israel|Parties}}

'''Tehiya''' ({{langx|he|תחיה||Revival}}), originally known as '''Banai''' ({{lang|he|בנא״י}}, an [[Hebrew abbreviations|abbreviation]] for ''Land of Israel Loyalists' Alliance''{{efn|{{lang|he|ברית נאמני ארץ ישראל}}, ''Brit Na'amnei Eretz Yisrael''}}), then '''Tehiya-Bnai''' ({{lang|he|תחייה-בנא״י}}), was an [[Ultranationalism|ultranationalist]] [[list of political parties in Israel|political party in Israel]]. The party existed from 1979 until 1992. In the eyes of many, Tehiya was identified with [[Geula Cohen]], who founded the party and headed it throughout its existence.

==Background==
[[File:Tehiya-Tzomet.png|thumb|235px|Tehiya-Tzomet Alliance Logo, 1984]]

The party was formed in 1979 during the term of the [[1977 Israeli legislative election|ninth Knesset]], when [[Geula Cohen]] and [[Moshe Shamir]] broke away from [[Herut]] in response to the [[Camp David Accords (1978)|Camp David Treaty]] between [[Egypt]] and Israel, particularly the return of the [[Sinai Peninsula]] to Egypt, and the eviction of its Israeli settlers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mXuAAAAMAAJ&q=Tehiya|title=The Government and Politics of Israel|last=Peretz|first=Don|date=1997|publisher=WestviewPress|isbn=9780813324098|language=en}}</ref>

Tehiya was strongly affiliated with the extra-parliamentary movement of [[Gush Emunim]],<ref name=":0" /> and included prominent members of [[Israeli settlement]]s in the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] such as [[Hanan Porat]] (later to be a member of the [[Knesset]] for the [[National Religious Party]] and the [[National Union (Israel)|National Union]]) and [[Elyakim Haetzni]]. Another founder and prominent member was the [[physicist]] [[Yuval Neeman]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofisraeli00tess_0|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofisraeli00tess_0/page/646 646]|quote=Hanan Porat tehiya.|title=A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict|last=Tessler|first=Mark A.|date=1994|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253208736|language=en}}</ref>

In its first electoral test, the [[1981 Israeli legislative election|1981 legislative election]], Tehiya picked up three seats. Despite their previous difference of opinion, they were included in Menachem Begin's coalition government alongside [[Likud]], the [[National Religious Party]], [[Agudat Israel]], [[Tami (political party)|Tami]] and [[Telem (political party)|Telem]]. Although Cohen did not take a ministerial position, Neeman became Minister of Science and Development.<ref name=":2" />

In the [[1984 Israeli legislative election|1984 elections]], Tehiya became the third largest party in the [[Knesset]] after the [[Alignment (Israel)|Alignment]] and Likud, albeit with only five seats. However, they refused to participate in the [[national unity government]] of [[Shimon Peres]] and [[Yitzhak Shamir]], which included the Alignment, Likud, the National Religious Party, Agudat Israel, [[Shas]], [[Morasha]], [[Shinui]] and [[Ometz (political party)|Ometz]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hOyNAAAAMAAJ&q=tehiya+1984+election|title=Political Risk Yearbook: Middle East & North Africa|date=2001|publisher=Frost & Sullivan|isbn=9781852713416|language=en}}</ref> During the Knesset session [[Rafael Eitan]] defected from Tehiya to found a new party, [[Tzomet]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPR_DQAAQBAJ&q=Rafael+Eitan+defected+from+Tehiya&pg=PT3153|title=Political Handbook of the World 2016-2017|last=Lansford|first=Tom|date=2017-03-31|publisher=CQ Press|isbn=9781506327174|language=en}}</ref>

The party was reduced to three seats in the [[1988 Israeli legislative election|1988 legislative election]], and was again excluded from Shamir's national unity government. However, when the Alignment left the coalition in 1990, Tehiya were invited into a new narrow right-wing government which included Likud, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Israel, [[Degel HaTorah]], the [[New Liberal Party (Israel)|New Liberal Party]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7NFMDwAAQBAJ&q=tehiya+1988&pg=PT151|title=The Government And Politics of Israel: Third Edition|last=Peretz|first=Donald|date=2018-02-19|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780429974120|language=en}}</ref> Although Cohen again declined a ministerial position, Neeman was appointed Minister of Energy and Infrastructure and Minister of Science and Technology. Despite its late entry to the government, the party pulled out of the coalition on 21 January 1992 in protest over Yitzhak Shamir's participation in the [[Madrid Conference of 1991|Madrid conference]], which forced the government to hold new elections.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8oga48zX2u4C&q=tehiya+Madrid+conference&pg=PA110|title=Israel: Challenges to Identity, Democracy and the State|last1=Jones|first1=Clive|last2=Murphy|first2=Emma C.|date=2005-07-25|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134488841|language=en}}</ref>

In the [[1992 Israeli legislative election|1992 legislative election]], the party failed to cross the [[Election threshold|electoral threshold]], and subsequently disappeared, with Cohen joining Likud that year. It is likely that most of its electorate went to Eitan's [[Tzomet]], who jumped from two seats in the 1988 elections to eight in the 1992 votes. The two parties had competed on the same secular right-wing electorate.<ref name=":1" />

Tehiya fronted a number of controversial positions in its time, some of which were adopted by the mainstream; most notably, the [[Jerusalem Law]], which was proposed by the party and enacted on 30 July 1980 establishing [[Jerusalem]] as the capital of the State of Israel.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TheOPfVb44C&q=tehiya+Jerusalem+Law&pg=PA286|title=The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Documentary Record, 1967-1990|last1=Lukacs|first1=Yehuda|last2=East|first2=International Center for Peace in the Middle|date=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521375979|language=en}}</ref>

== Structure ==
The structure of Tehiya was based on a military model due to Gideon Altshuler, former head of an IDF brigade being made Secretary General, and Shmuel Gordan, a former Lieutenant Colonel, being made head of organization.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6s2rogqCgMC&q=Tehiya&pg=PA84|title=Israel After Begin|last=Mahler|first=Gregory S.|date=2012-02-01|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9781438411699|language=en}}</ref> The party only allowed Jewish members.<ref name=":2" /> {{Politics of Israel}}
==Election results==
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Election
!Leader
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
!Status
|-
|[[1981 Israeli legislative election|1981]]
|rowspan=5|[[Yuval Ne'eman]]
|44,700	
|2.31 (#7)
|{{Composition bar|3|120|{{party color|Tehiya}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
|-
|[[1984 Israeli legislative election|1984]]
|colspan=2|With [[Tzomet]]
|{{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|Tehiya}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1988 Israeli legislative election|1988]]
|rowspan=2|45,489	
|rowspan=2|1.99 (#10)
|rowspan=2|{{Composition bar|3|120|hex={{party color|Tehiya}}}}
|rowspan=2|{{decrease}} 1
|{{no2|Opposition{{small| (1988–1990)}}}}
|-
|{{yes2|Coalition{{small|(1990–1992)}}}}
|-
|[[1992 Israeli legislative election|1992]]
|31,957
|1.22 (#11)
|{{Composition bar|0|120|hex={{party color|Tehiya}}}}
|{{decrease}} 3
|{{no|Extraparliamentary}}
|}

==Knesset members==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Knesset<br />(MKs)
!Knesset members
|-
|[[1977 Israeli legislative election|9th]]<br />(2)
|style="text-align:left"|[[Geula Cohen]], [[Moshe Shamir]]
|-
|[[1981 Israeli legislative election|10th]]<br />(3)
|style="text-align:left"|Geula Cohen, [[Yuval Neeman]], [[Hanan Porat]] (replaced by [[Zvi Shiloah]])
|-
|[[1984 Israeli legislative election|11th]]<br />(5 −1)
|style="text-align:left"|Geula Cohen, Yuval Neeman, [[Gershon Shafat]], [[Eliezer Waldman]]<br />− [[Rafael Eitan]] (to [[Tzomet]])
|-
|[[1988 Israeli legislative election|12th]]<br />(3)
|style="text-align:left"|Geula Cohen, Yuval Neeman (replaced by [[Elyakim Haetzni]]), Eliezer Waldman (replaced by Gershon Shafat)
|}

==Election platform==

The Tehiya platform at the 1988 elections included:<ref>{{cite book | author = Yehuda Lukacs | title = The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: a documentary record | pages = 286–289 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-521-37597-9}}</ref>

* Jewish sovereignty over the [[Sinai Peninsula]], [[West Bank]], and [[Gaza Strip]].
* Increasing the Jewish population in all parts of Jerusalem's [[Old City of Jerusalem|Old City]].
* Strengthening the [[Israel Defense Forces]] through advanced technology and strict penalties for refusal to serve.
* Expanding [[Israeli settlement|Israeli settlements]] in the West Bank and Gaza, including creating a dedicated police force.
* Clemency for Jews convicted of crimes driven by "security distress."
* Limiting peace agreements to Arab states that accept Jewish control over all of the [[Land of Israel]].
* Declaring [[Jordan]] as the Palestinian state and opposing any Palestinian state west of the Jordan River.
* Ending Palestinian access to the [[Israeli High Court|High Court of Justice]].
* Enforcing the death penalty for severe acts of violence by Palestinians.
* Allowing soldiers to use lethal force against stone throwers.
* Imposing collective punishments on Palestinians.
* Building wide access roads through the historic centers of Palestinian cities.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=54 Tehiya-Bnai] Knesset website
*[https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=31 Tehiya] Knesset website

{{Israeli political parties}}

[[Category:Defunct political parties in Israel]]
[[Category:Zionist political parties in Israel]]
[[Category:Neo-Zionism]]
[[Category:Revisionist Zionism]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1979]]
[[Category:Far-right political parties in Israel]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Israel]]
[[Category:Words and phrases in Modern Hebrew]]