View source for Tetecala

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Tetecala
| official_name           = Tetecala de la Reforma
| native_name             = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = City and Municipality
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
| image_flag              = 
| image_skyline = Zocalo de tetecala - panoramio (1).jpg
| image_seal              = 
| image_shield            = 
| pushpin_map             = Mexico Morelos#Mexico
| pushpin_label_position  = above
| pushpin_mapsize         = 300
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Mexico
<!-- Location ------------------>
| coordinates             = {{Coord|18|43|N|99|23|W|display=title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = {{MEX}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[List of states of Mexico|State]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Morelos]]
| subdivision_type2       = 
| subdivision_name2       = 
| established_title       = Founded
| established_date        = 1583<ref name="gob2018">{{cite web |title=Tetecala |url=https://morelos.gob.mx/?q=tetecala |website=Tetecala {{!}} MORELOS |accessdate=May 9, 2020 |language=es |date=3 June 2013}}</ref>
| established_title2      = City
| established_date2       = December 11, 1873 
| established_title3      = Municipal seat
| established_date3       = May 17, 1930
| leader_title            = Municipal&nbsp;President
| leader_name             = 
| total_type              = Municipality
| area_total_km2          = 53.26
| area_land_km2           = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2          = 
| elevation_m             = 994
| elevation_point         = of seat
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_footnotes    = &nbsp;Municipality
| population_total        = 6,473<ref name="nuestro">{{cite web |last1=Giovannelli |first1=Nuestro Mexico-Claudio |title=Tetecala |url=http://www.nuestro-mexico.com/Morelos/Tetecala/ |website=Nuestro Mexico |accessdate=May 9, 2020 |language=es}}</ref>
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_density_km2  = 
| population_blank1_title = 
| population_blank1       = 
<!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone                = [[Central Standard Time|CST]]
| utc_offset              = −6
| timezone_DST            = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset_DST          = −5
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type        = Postal code (of seat) <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code             = 62620
| area_code               = 751
| website                 = [https://tetecala.gob.mx/ Official site {{in lang|es}}]
}}

'''Tetecala''' is a city in the [[Mexican state]] of [[Morelos]].

The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality, with which it shares a name. The toponym Tetecala comes from a [[Nahuatl]] name and means "place of stone houses".<ref>http://siglo.inafed.gob.mx/enciclopedia/EMM17morelos/municipios/17021a.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113043824/http://siglo.inafed.gob.mx/enciclopedia/EMM17morelos/municipios/17021a.html |date=2018-11-13 }} (Dec 17, 2018)</ref> The full name of the town is '''Tetecala de la Reforma''' because the Laws of the Reforma were signed there in the mid-19th century.<ref name=guia>{{cite web|url=http://www.guiaturisticamexico.com/municipio.php?id_e=17&id_Municipio=01119|title=Tetecala|publisher=Guia Turistica Mexico|accessdate=Jan 21, 2019|language=Spanish|trans-title=Tetecala}}</ref>

The municipality reported 7,772 inhabitants in the 2015 census.<ref>http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/mor/poblacion/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804023637/https://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/mor/poblacion/ |date=2022-08-04 }} (Dec 13, 2018)</ref>

==History==
===Prehispanic history===
Vestiges of [[Olmec]], [[Chichimeca]], and [[Tlahuica]] Prehispanic human settlements have been found in the area that includes modern Tetecals. It is evident that there were settlements of different sizes and that it was an important place of passage between the manors of Coatlán and Mazatepec.<ref name=inafed>{{cite web|url=http://www.inafed.gob.mx/work/enciclopedia/EMM17morelos/municipios/17021a.html|title=Tetecala, Morelos|publisher=Ecnicpoledia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México|accessdate=Feb 21, 2019|language=Spanish|trans-title=Tetecala, Morelos}}</ref>

===Colonial history===
Tetecala was founded between 1521 and 1583 when it first appears on a map. By 1594 it was called ''San Francisco de Tetecala'' and it was an important agricultural center. Cuautitla was founded about this time.

By 1746, Tetecala and the surrounding area had 266 families of "Indians" and 32 of "Spaniards and Mestizos", as well as some of "Mulatos." Eighty years later, the population had increased to 4,040 inhabitants that were distributed in the town of Tetecala, five haciendas, and ten ranches. By Royal Decree of December 4, 1786, the Municipality of Tetecala corresponded to the State of Mexico.<ref name=inafed />

The fertile plain of Tetecala was considered the most luxuriant in the jurisdiction of Cuernavaca. Several 17th and 18th century travelers described the area as "very entertaining and fun".<ref name=inafed />

===19th Century and early independence===
The local parish priest, Andrés González Meraz, illegally seized lands in Tlatempan.<ref name=inafed /> One of the last battles of the [[Mexican War of Independence]] took place in Tetecala on June 2, 1821, when Pedro Ascencio Alquicira attacked royalist Dionisio Boheta. Ascencio was killed the following day.<ref name=inafed />

The municipality of Tetecalpa was founded as a part of the [[State of Mexico]] on August 6, 1824. An 1826 census reported 651 day-laborers, 50 farmers, 20 artisans, 19 merchants, two manufacturers of brandy, two presbyters, a surgeon, a teacher, and a responsible civil authority. Commerce stands out since Tetecala had a smaller population than Xochitepec, Tlaltizapán, Puente de Ixtla, or Tlaquiltenango, but it had more commercial activity than any of them. Sugar cane, bananas, huacamote (sic) (tomatoes?), jicama, plums, watermelons, mamey, corn and beans were grown locally.<ref name=inafed />

There was a peasant revolt in Tetecala, Miacatlan, and Xochitepec in 1848. Lt. Manuel Arellano led the fight against the hacienda owners, who were supported by Kad Waleder, leader of the American troops who had invaded in 1847. Tetecala supported [[Juan Álvarez|Juan Alvarez]] during the [[La Reforma]] (1854−1857). During the ensuing war, Tetecala sheltered [[Benito Juarez]], the [[Lerdo de Tejada]] brothers, [[Ignacio Manuel Altamirano]], Ignacio Ramírez "El Nigromante", Guillermo Prieto, Manuel Doblado, José María Iglesias, and others. The Masonic Lodge ''La Palanca'' was founded in 1857.<ref name=inafed />

The state of Morelos was established in 1869; the ''Villa de Tetecala'' became a city and adopted the name ''Tetecala de la Reforma'' on December 11, 1873.<ref name=inafed />

===20th Century and revolution===
At the outbreak of the [[Mexican Revolution]] in 1910, the owners of the haciendas of Contlalco, Cuautitla, Actopan, and Santa Cruz and wealthy merchants fled the municipality. Several groups of peasants joined the rebel ''Zapatista'' forces. Atrocities were committed by both sides in the conflict, although the terrorism spread by [[Venustiano Carranza|Carranza]] general [[Pablo González Garza]] was without precedent.<ref name=inafed />

The distillery and ice house "La Morelense" functioned from 1935 to 1936. There were several sugar and rice mills in the community, which were dismantled in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Former employees became low-income wage earners, and many joined the popular movement led by [[Rubén Jaramillo]]. When Jamarillo and his family were gunned down by federal police in 1962, his body was taken to the "Miguel Hidalgo Hospital" (now the House of Culture) in Tetecala for autopsy, which was performed by Dr. Ernesto González Brito.<ref name=inafed />

During the 1990s, [[Amado Carrillo Fuentes]], known as ''El Señor de los Cielos'' (Lord of the Skies) used to hold fiestas for his drug-dealing friends at his home in Tetecala while the government of [[Jorge Carrillo Olea]] seemingly looked the other way.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.proceso.com.mx/269724/graco-revira-a-carrillo-olea-el-incubo-al-narco|title=Graco revira a Carrillo Olea: él incubó al narco|publisher=Proceso|date=May 14, 2017|accessdate=Feb 20, 2019|language=Spanish|trans-title=Graco turns to Carrillo Olea: he incubated the narco|archive-date=March 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320144625/https://www.proceso.com.mx/269724/graco-revira-a-carrillo-olea-el-incubo-al-narco|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===21st Century===
The Escuela de Estudios Superiores de Tetecala (School of Higher Education of Tetecala), affiliated with the [[Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos|Morelos State University]] opened in August 2016 in [[Mazatepec]]. The initial programs were in nursing and nutrition; a program for Rural Surgeons opened in January 2018. The school had 208 students; the rector of the UAEM was Gustavo Urquiza Beltrán, and the first director of the school in Tetecala was Miriam Tapia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uaem.mx/difusion-y-medios/publicaciones/boletines/directora-de-la-ees-tetecala-presenta-su-primer-informe-de-actividades|title=Directora de la EES Tetecala presenta su primer informe de actividades|publisher=UAEM|date=June 4, 2018|accessdate=Feb 20, 2019|language=Spanish|trans-title=Director of the EES Tetecala presents its first activity report}}</ref>

Six people died during the [[2017 Puebla earthquake|September 19, 2017 earthquake]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.launion.com.mx/morelos/avances/noticias/113372-reportes-rapidos-despues-del-sismo-de-7-1.html |title=Reportes rapidos despues del sismo de 7.1|publisher=La Union de Morelos|date=September 19, 2017|accessdate=Dec 17, 2018|language=Spanish|trans-title=Quick reports after earthquake of 7.1}}</ref>

The state of Morelos reported 209 cases and 28 deaths due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico]] as of April 27, 2020; two cases were reported in Tetecala. Schools and many businesses were closed from mid March until June 1.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Redacción |first1=La |title=Situación actual del coronavirus Covid-19 en Morelos |url=https://www.launion.com.mx/morelos/avances/noticias/159372-situacion-actual-del-coronavirus-covid-19-en-morelos.html |website=www.launion.com.mx |accessdate=Apr 29, 2020 |language=es-es|trans-title=Present situation of coronavirus COVID-19 in Morelos}}</ref> On July 2, Tetecala reported 11 infections and three deaths from the virus; the reopening of the state was pushed back until at least June 13.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus en Morelos {{!}} Diario de Morelos |url=https://www.diariodemorelos.com/noticias/coronavirus |website=www.diariodemorelos.com |accessdate=June 4, 2020 |language=es}}</ref> Tetecala reported 13 cases, 13 recuperations, but no deaths from the virus as of August 31.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Preciado |first1=Tlaulli |title=En Morelos, cinco mil 319 casos confirmados acumulados de covid-19 y mil 27 decesos |url=https://www.launion.com.mx/morelos/avances/noticias/166780-en-morelos-cinco-mil-319-casos-confirmados-acumulados-de-covid-19-y-mil-27-decesos.html |website=La Unión |accessdate=September 1, 2020 |language=es-es}}</ref> Twenty-two cases were reported on December 27, 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Llega Morelos a 1 mil 600 muertes por COVID19 |url=https://www.diariodemorelos.com/noticias/llega-morelos-1-mil-600-muertes-por-covid19 |access-date=December 28, 2020 |work=diariodemorelos.com |publisher=Diario de Morelos |date=December 27, 2020 |language=es}}</ref>

==Tourism and attractions==
The church of San Francisco of Assisi is in the historic center of Tetecala. It was built in the 18th century in Neoclassic style. The chapel of the Virgin of Candlemas, also from the 18th century, is located on the federal highway. There is a colonial-era fountain in front of the chapel of the ''Alma de de la Virgin''.<ref name=guia />

The area along the [[Chalma River]] has lush vegetation, a variety of fruit trees, and abundant fauna. There are old historic mansions housing the House of Culture and the regional public library. President [[Benito Juarez]] stayed here when he visited the city in 1857.<ref name=guia />

The water park "La Playa", which features five pools and offers alternative medicine, is found in the municipality.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.balneariosenmorelos.com.mx/index.php?q=la_playa|title=La Playa|publisher=Balnearios de Morelos|accessdate=Jan 21, 2019|language=Spanish|trans-title=The Beach}}</ref> There is a panoramic view of the town from the top of the hill of "Las Cruces". ''Cascos de las Haciendas'' (manor houses) nearby include Santa Cruz Vista Alegre, Actopan, Cuautlita, and Cocoyotla).<ref name=guia />

The traditional ''tianguis'' (market) is on Tuesday.<ref name=guia />

==Culture==
Local fiestas are held on February 2 (Virgen de la Candelaria) in Tetecala, May 15 (St. [[Isidore the Laborer]]) in Actopan, July 31 (St. [[Ignatius of Loyola]]) in Actopan, September 29 (St. Michael the Archangel) in Cuautitla, October 4 (San Francisco de Asís) in Tetecala, and December 12 (Virgin of Guadalupe) in the "El Paso" neighborhood.<ref name=guia />

There are two brass bands, one Cuautlita and another in Tetecala. Tetecala was the birthplace of several well-known performers and composers.<ref name=guia />

Saddle-making and basket weaving are local handicrafts.<ref name=guia />

Local food includes corn or chickpea ''pozole'' with pork, chicken and even shrimp; beef jerky with cream and cheese or pork enchilada; green pip ''mole'', red turkey ''mole'', fish in ''mixiote'', tamal, and ''clemole'' seasoned with wild plums and [[tamarind]]; peppers stuffed with cheese and mincemeat, and ''huazontles''. Traditional sweets such as pumpkin, sweet pipían, crystallized fruit, quince, tejocote, fruits in syrup, cajeta (crystalized goat's milk), buñuelos, and ice cream are also made.<ref name=guia />

==Communities==
''Tetecala de la Reforma'' is the municipal seat. Colonias ''El Charco, San Francisco Sarabia,'' and ''El Cerrito de las Cruces'' are parts of the city.<ref name=inafed /> The city is 47&nbsp;km (29 miles) south of Cuernavaca and 135&nbsp;km (84 miles) from Mexico City.

''Cuautlita'' is located 6&nbsp;km southeast of the Tetecala de la Reforma and includes ''Colonia Mariano Matamoros''.

''Contlalco'' is 25&nbsp;km south of Tetecala de la Reforma.

''Actopan'' is 1&nbsp;km west of Tetecala de la Reforma.

==Geography==
===Location and area===
===Relief and waterways===
===Climate===
===Flora and fauna===
===Natural resources===

==See also==
* [[List of people from Morelos, Mexico]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*http://www.tetecala.gob.mx/ (Official Site) {{in lang|es}}
*https://web.archive.org/web/20050616074451/http://www.e-morelos.gob.mx/e-gobierno/DirMunicipios/tetecala.htm {{in lang|es}}
*[http://siglo.inafed.gob.mx/enciclopedia/EMM17morelos/municipios/17021a.html Encyclopedia of Municipalities: Tetecala (in Spanish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113043824/http://siglo.inafed.gob.mx/enciclopedia/EMM17morelos/municipios/17021a.html |date=2018-11-13 }}

{{Morelos}}

[[Category:Municipalities of Morelos]]
[[Category:Populated places in Morelos]]
[[Category:Nahua settlements]]