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{{Short description|1883 children's novel by Carlo Collodi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{About|the Carlo Collodi novel}}
{{Infobox book
| name              = The Adventures of Pinocchio
| image             = Pinocchio.jpg
| image_size        = 190px
| caption           = Illustration from 1883 edition by [[Enrico Mazzanti]]
| author            = [[Carlo Collodi]]
| illustrator       = [[Enrico Mazzanti]]
| country           = [[kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
| language          = [[Italian language|Italian]]
| subject           = 
| genre             = [[Fantasy]], [[Adventure fiction|adventure]]
| publisher         = 
| release_date      = {{ubl
  | 7{{nbsp}}July 1881{{snd}}16{{nbsp}}February 1882 (magazine)
  | 23{{nbsp}}February 1883 (novel)
  }}
| pages             = 
| isbn              = 
| wikisource = The Adventures of Pinocchio
}}
'''''The Adventures of Pinocchio''''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɪ|ˈ|n|oʊ|k|i|oʊ|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Simplificationalizer-Pinocchio.wav}} {{respell|pin|OH|kee|oh}}; {{langx|it|Le avventure di Pinocchio. Storia di un burattino}} {{IPA|it|le avvenˈtuːre di piˈnɔkkjo ˈstɔːrja di um buratˈtiːno, - dj um -|}}, i.e. "The Adventures of Pinocchio. Story of a Puppet"), commonly shortened to '''''Pinocchio''''', is an 1883 [[Children's literature|children's]] [[fantasy novel]] by Italian author [[Carlo Collodi]]. It is about the mischievous adventures of an animated [[marionette]] named [[Pinocchio]]. He faces many perils and temptations, meets characters who teach him about life, and learns goodness before he achieves his heart's desire to become a [[human|real boy]].

The story was originally published in [[Serial (literature)|serial]] form as ''The Story of a Puppet'' ({{langx|it|La storia di un burattino|links=no}}) in the {{lang|it|[[Giornale per i bambini]]}}, one of the earliest Italian weekly magazines for children, starting from 7 July 1881. The story stopped after nearly 4 months and 8 episodes in Chapter 15, but by popular demand from readers, the episodes were resumed on 16 February 1882.<ref name=FondazioneCollodi>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinocchio.it/fondazionecollodi/en/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/|title=The Adventures of Pinocchio - Fondazione Pinocchio - Carlo Collodi - Parco di Pinocchio|language=en|publisher=Fondazione Pinocchio|access-date=2018-10-23|archive-date=2019-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909163609/http://www.pinocchio.it/fondazionecollodi/en/the-adventures-of-pinocchio/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In February 1883, the story was published in a single book. Since then, ''Pinocchio'' has been one of the most popular children's books and has been critically acclaimed.<ref name=FondazioneCollodi/>

A universal icon and a [[metaphor]] for the [[human condition]], the book is considered a canonical piece of children's literature and has had a great impact on world culture. Philosopher [[Benedetto Croce]] considered it one of the greatest works of [[Italian literature]].<ref name=Croce>[[Benedetto Croce]], ''«Pinocchio»'', in Idem, ''La letteratura della nuova Italia'', vol. V, Laterza, Bari 1957 (IV ed.), pp. 330-334.</ref> Since its first publication, it has inspired many works of fiction, such as [[Walt Disney]]'s [[Pinocchio (1940 film)|animated version]], and commonplace ideas such as a liar's long nose.

The book has been translated into as many as 260 languages worldwide,<ref name=Gasparini>Giovanni Gasparini. ''La corsa di Pinocchio''. Milano, Vita e Pensiero, 1997. p. 117. {{ISBN|88-343-4889-3}}</ref><ref name=ANILS>{{cite web|url=http://www.anils.it/wp/imparare-le-lingue-con-pinocchio/|title=Imparare le lingue con Pinocchio|language=it|website=ANILS|date=19 November 2015|access-date=29 July 2021|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120093603/http://www.anils.it/wp/imparare-le-lingue-con-pinocchio/|url-status=live}}</ref> making it one of the world's [[List of literary works by number of translations|most translated books]].<ref name=Gasparini/> While it is likely one of the [[List of best-selling books|best-selling books]] ever published, the actual total sales since its first publication are unknown due to the many reductions and different versions.<ref name=Gasparini/> According to Viero Peroncini, "some sources report 35 million [copies sold], others 80, but it is only a way, even a rather idle one, of quantifying an unquantifiable success."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artspecialday.com/9art/2017/10/26/carlo-collodi/|title=Carlo Collodi, il papà del burattino più conformista della letteratura|language=it|publisher=artspecialday.com|date=April 3, 2018 |author=Viero Peroncini|access-date=April 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403234914/http://www.artspecialday.com/9art/2017/10/26/carlo-collodi/|archive-date=April 3, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to [[Francelia Butler]], it also remains "the most translated Italian book and, after the [[Bible]], the most widely read".<ref>[...]remains the most translated Italian book and, after the Bible, the most widely read[...] by Francelia Butler, ''Children's Literature'', Yale University Press, 1972</ref>

== Plot ==
[[File: Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag020.jpg|thumb|left|upright|As soon as [[Geppetto]] carves [[Pinocchio]]'s nose, it begins to grow.]]
In [[Tuscany]], Italy, a [[Carpentry|carpenter]] named Master Antonio finds a log that he plans to carve into a table leg. However, after being frightened when the log cries out, he gives it to his neighbor [[Geppetto]] who wants to carve a puppet from it and make a living as a traveling puppeteer. He carves a boy and names him "[[Pinocchio]]". Once the puppet is finished and Geppetto teaches him to walk, Pinocchio runs out the door and into the town, where he is caught by a [[Carabinieri|Carabiniere]], who assumes Pinocchio has been mistreated and imprisons Geppetto.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag030.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.6|[[Pinocchio]] throws a hammer at the [[Talking Cricket|talking cricket]].]]

Left alone, Pinocchio heads back to Geppetto's house to get something to eat, where a [[Talking Cricket|talking cricket]] warns him of the perils of disobedience and laziness. After being called a wooden head, in retaliation, Pinocchio throws a hammer at the cricket, accidentally killing it. Pinocchio gets hungry and tries to fry an egg, but a chick hatches from the egg and leaves to find food. He knocks on a neighbor's door, but they fear he is pulling a prank and dump water on him. Cold and wet, Pinocchio goes home and lies down on a stove, and upon waking he finds his feet have burned off. Luckily, Geppetto is released from prison, gives Pinocchio three pears to eat for breakfast, and makes him a new pair of feet. In gratitude, he promises to attend school and Geppetto makes him a suit of clothing consisting of a dress made of flowered paper, tree bark shoes, and a cap made of dough, and sells his only coat to buy him a spelling book.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag047.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.6|Geppetto is released from prison and makes Pinocchio a new pair of feet.]]

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag058.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The puppet master [[Mangiafuoco]]]]
On his way to school the next morning, Pinocchio encounters the Great Marionette Theatre and sells his school book to buy a ticket for the show. During the performance, the puppets [[Harlequin]], [[Pulcinella]] and Signora Rosaura call out to Pinocchio. This angers the puppet master [[Mangiafuoco]], and he decides to use Pinocchio as firewood to cook his dinner. However, after Pinocchio pleads for his and Harlequin's salvation and he learns of Geppetto's poverty, Mangiafuoco releases him and gives him five gold pieces.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag069.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[The Fox and the Cat]]]]
On his way home, Pinocchio meets [[The Fox and the Cat|a fox and a cat]]. The Cat pretends to be blind, and the Fox pretends to be lame; a white [[Common blackbird|blackbird]] tries to warn Pinocchio of their lies, but the Cat eats it. The two convince Pinocchio that if he plants his coins in the Field of Miracles outside the city of [[Catchfools]], they will grow into a tree with gold coins. They stop for dinner at the Red Lobster Inn where they trick Pinocchio into paying for their meals and flee after telling the innkeeper to tell Pinocchio they would meet him at the Field of Miracles in the morning.

[[File:PinocchioChiostri01.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The Fox and the Cat, dressed as bandits, hang Pinocchio.]]

As Pinocchio sets off for the city of Catchfools, the ghost of the Talking Cricket appears and tells him to go home and give the coins to his father. Pinocchio ignores his warnings again and as he passes through a forest, the Fox and Cat, disguised as [[Banditry|bandits]], ambush and attempt to rob him but fail. After biting off the Cat's paw, he escapes to a white house, where he is greeted by a young [[Fairy with Turquoise Hair|fairy with turquoise hair]] who says she is dead and waiting for a hearse. Unfortunately, the Fox and the Cat catch Pinocchio and hang him in a tree and leave after getting tired of waiting for him to suffocate, leaving Pinocchio to die alone and think about his misbehavior.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag097.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[The Fairy with Turquoise Hair|Fairy]] saves Pinocchio.]]
The Fairy has Pinocchio rescued and calls in three doctors to evaluate him: The Owl says he is alive, the Crow says he is dead, and the Ghost of the Talking Cricket says he is fine, but has been disobedient and hurt his father. The Fairy offers medicine to Pinocchio, which he takes when several Undertaker [[rabbit]]s appear to collect his body. Now recovered, Pinocchio lies to the Fairy when she asks what happened to the gold coins, and his nose grows. The Fairy explains that Pinocchio's lies are causing his nose to grow and calls in a flock of [[woodpecker]]s to chisel it down to size. She then sends for Geppetto to come and live with them in the forest cottage.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag115.jpg|thumb|right|upright|They finally reach the city of [[Catchfools]].]]
As Pinocchio heads out to find Geppetto, he once again meets the Fox and the Cat, who remind him of the Field of Miracles, and he agrees to go with them and plant his gold. Once there, Pinocchio buries his coins and leaves to wait twenty minutes for it to grow, only for the Fox and the Cat to dig up the coins and run away.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag121.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Pinocchio and the gorilla judge]]
Once Pinocchio returns, a [[parrot]] mocks him for falling for the Fox and Cat's tricks. Pinocchio rushes to the Catchfools courthouse, where he reports the theft of the coins to a [[gorilla]] [[judge]]. Although he is moved by Pinocchio's plea, the gorilla judge sentences him to four months in prison for the crime of foolishness. Fortunately, all criminals are released early when the Emperor of Catchfools declares a celebration following his army's victory over the town's enemies.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag129.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The giant snake]]
As Pinocchio heads back to the forest, he finds an enormous [[snake]] with a smoking tail blocking the way. He asks the serpent to move, but it remains completely still, and he assumes it is dead. He begins to step over it, but it suddenly rises up and hisses at him, toppling him over onto his head. Struck by Pinocchio's fright and comical position, the snake laughs so hard he [[Aneurysm|bursts an artery]] and dies.

Pinocchio then heads back to the Fairy's house in the forest, where he sneaks into a farmer's yard to steal some grapes. He is caught in a weasel trap and encounters a [[glowworm]]. The farmer finds him and ties him up in his doghouse. When Pinocchio foils the chicken-stealing [[weasel]]s, the farmer frees him as a reward. Pinocchio finally returns to the cottage, but there he finds nothing but a gravestone, and believes the Fairy has died.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag146.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Pinocchio and the pigeon fly to the seashore.]]
A friendly [[Columbidae|pigeon]] sees Pinocchio mourning the Fairy's death and offers to give him a ride to the seashore, where Geppetto is building a boat to search for Pinocchio. Pinocchio is washed ashore when he tries to swim to his father, who is swallowed by [[The Terrible Dogfish]]. Pinocchio accepts a ride from a [[dolphin]] to the Island of Busy Bees where everyone works every day. Upon arriving there, Pinocchio offers to carry a lady's jug home in return for food and water, and upon arriving at her house, he recognizes the lady as the Fairy, now old enough to be his mother. She says she will act as his mother, and he will begin going to school. She hints that if he does well in school and is good for one year, then he will become a real boy.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag194.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Alidoro saves Pinocchio from [[the Green Fisherman]].]]
Pinocchio studies hard and rises to the top of his class, making the other boys jealous. They trick Pinocchio into playing hooky by saying they saw a large [[sea monster]] at the beach, the same one that swallowed Geppetto. However, they were lying, and a fight breaks out, during which Pinocchio is accused of injuring another boy. He escapes, and along the way saves a drowning [[Mastiff]] named Alidoro. In exchange, Alidoro later saves Pinocchio from [[The Green Fisherman]], who was going to eat him. After he meets the Snail who works for the Fairy, she gives him another chance.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag221.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The wagon of [[the Coachman]] who leads the boys in the [[Land of Toys]]]]
Pinocchio does excellently in school, and the Fairy promises that he will be a real boy the next day, saying he should invite all his friends to a party. He goes to invite everyone, but he is sidetracked after meeting [[Candlewick (character)|Candlewick]], one of his closest friends, who tells him he is heading to a place called [[Land of Toys|Toyland]], where children play all day and never work or study. Pinocchio goes along with him, and they have a wonderful time for the next five months.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag240.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Pinocchio and [[Candlewick (character)|Candlewick]] became donkeys.]]
One morning, Pinocchio and Candlewick awake with donkeys' ears. A [[marmot]] tells Pinocchio that he has gotten donkey fever, as boys who play and never study or work turn into donkeys. Soon, both Pinocchio and Candlewick are fully transformed, and Pinocchio is sold to a circus where he is trained to do tricks. He falls and sprains his leg after seeing the Fairy in one of the box seats. The ringmaster then sells Pinocchio to a man who wants to skin him and use his hide to make a drum, and throws him into the sea to drown him. But when he goes to retrieve the corpse, he finds Pinocchio, who explains that the fish ate all the donkey skin off him and he is now a puppet again. Pinocchio dives back into the water and swims out to sea, where the Terrible Dogfish appears and swallows him. Inside the Dogfish, Pinocchio unexpectedly finds Geppetto, and they escape with help from a large [[tuna]] and look for a new place to live.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag270.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Pinocchio finds Geppetto inside the [[The Terrible Dogfish|Dogfish]].]]

[[File:Le_avventure_di_Pinocchio-pag292.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|upright|Pinocchio recognizes the farmer's donkey as his friend Candlewick.]]
Pinocchio and Geppetto encounter the Fox and the Cat, who are now impoverished. The Fox has become lame and the Cat has gone blind, respectively. They plead for food and money, but Pinocchio rebuffs them and tells them that they have earned their misfortune. Geppetto and Pinocchio then arrive at a small house, which is home to the Talking Cricket. The cricket says they can stay and reveals that he got his house from a little goat with turquoise hair. Pinocchio gets a job doing work for a farmer, and recognizes his dying donkey as his friend Candlewick.

[[File:Le avventure di Pinocchio-pag299.jpg|thumb|upright|Pinocchio becomes a real human boy.]]
After long months of working for the farmer and supporting the ailing Geppetto, Pinocchio goes to town with the forty pennies he has saved to buy himself a new suit. He discovers that the Fairy is ill and needs money, and gives the Snail he met back on the Island of Busy Bees all of his money. That night, he dreams that he is visited by the Fairy, who kisses him. When he wakes up, he is a real boy, with his puppet body lying lifeless on a chair. The Fairy has also left him a new suit, boots, and a bag which contains 40 gold coins. Geppetto also returns to health.
{{clear left}}

==Characters==
* '''[[Pinocchio]]''' – A marionette who gains wisdom through a series of misadventures that lead him to becoming a real human as reward for his good deeds.
* '''[[Geppetto]]''' – An elderly, impoverished [[woodworking|woodcarver]] and the creator and father figure of Pinocchio. He wears a yellow wig that resembles [[cornmeal mush]] (or ''polendina''), and because of this the children of the neighborhood and some adults call him "Polendina", which greatly annoys him. "Geppetto" is a [[Syncope (phonology)|syncopated]] form of ''Giuseppetto'', which in turn is a diminutive of the name [[Giuseppe]] ([[Italian language|Italian]] for [[Joseph]]).
* The '''[[Talking Cricket]]''' (''il Grillo Parlante'') – A cricket whom Pinocchio kills after it tries to give him some advice, and later returns as a ghost to continue advising him.
* The '''[[Fairy with Turquoise Hair]]''' (''la Fata dai capelli turchini'') – The spirit of the forest, who rescues Pinocchio and adopts him first as her brother, then as her son.
* The '''[[Snail]]''' (''la Lumaca'') – A snail who works for the Fairy with Turquoise Hair. Pinocchio later gives all his money to the Snail by their next encounter.
* '''[[Candlewick (character)|Candlewick aka "Lucignolo"]]''' – A juvenile delinquent who is as tall and thin as a [[Candle wick|wick]]. He is Pinocchio's best friend, but also serves as a bad influence for him. His nickname translates to either "Lampwick" or "Candlewick" because of his lanky physique.
* '''[[The Coachman]]''' (''l'Omino'') – The owner of the Land of Toys, who takes naughty, disobedient, and lazy children there on his stagecoach, which is pulled by twenty-four donkeys with white shoes on their hooves. Once the children who visit turn into donkeys, he sells them for labor.
* '''[[The Terrible Dogfish]]''' (''Il terribile Pesce-cane'') – A mile-long, five-story-high fish. ''Pescecane'', while literally meaning "dog fish", generally means "shark" in Italian.
* '''[[Mangiafuoco]]''' ("Fire-Eater" in English) – The wealthy [[theater director|director]] of the Great Marionette Theater, who has red eyes and a black beard that reaches to the floor, with his mouth being "as wide as an oven [with] teeth like yellow fangs". Despite his appearance, Mangiafuoco is not evil.
* '''[[The Green Fisherman]]''' (''il Pescatore verde'') – A green-skinned [[ogre]] on the Island of Busy Bees who catches Pinocchio in his fishing net and attempts to eat him.
* '''[[The Fox and the Cat]]''' (''la Volpe e il Gatto'') – Greedy anthropomorphic animals who pretend to be lame and blind respectively. Throughout the story, they lead Pinocchio astray, rob him, and eventually try to hang him.
* '''Mastro Antonio''' ({{IPA|it|anˈtɔːnjo|}} in Italian, {{IPAc-en|ɑː|n|ˈ|t|oʊ|n|j|oʊ}} {{respell|ahn|TOH|nyoh}} in English) – An elderly [[carpenter]], who finds the log that eventually becomes Pinocchio, planning to make it into a table leg until it cries out "Please be careful!" The children call Antonio "Mastro Ciliegia (cherry)" because of his red nose.
* '''[[Harlequin|Arlecchino]]''', '''[[Pulcinella]]''', and '''Signora Rosaura''' – Marionettes at the theater who embrace Pinocchio as their brother.
* The '''[[Inn]]keeper''' (''l'Oste'') – An employer who is tricked by the Fox and the Cat and unknowingly leads Pinocchio into an ambush.
* The '''[[Falcon]]''' (''il Falco'') – A falcon who helps the Fairy with Turquoise Hair rescue Pinocchio from hanging.
* '''Medoro''' ({{IPA|it|meˈdɔːro|}} in Italian) – A [[poodle]] who is the mice-pulled [[stagecoach]] driver for the Fairy with Turquoise Hair. He is described as being dressed in court livery. He wears a tricorn with gold lace over a wig of waist-length white curls, a chocolate-colored velvet coat with diamond buttons and two huge pockets filled with bones, crimson velvet breeches, silk stockings, and silver-buckled slippers.
* The '''[[Owl]]''' (''la Civetta'') and the '''[[Crow]]''' (''il Corvo'') – Two famous [[Physician|doctors]] who diagnose Pinocchio alongside the Talking Cricket.
* The '''[[Parrot]]''' (''il Pappagallo'') – A parrot who tells Pinocchio of the Fox and the Cat's trickery and mocks him for being tricked by them.
* The '''[[Judge]]''' (''il Giudice'') – An old [[gorilla]] who works as a judge of Catchfools.
* The '''[[Snake|Serpent]]''' (''il Serpente'') – A large serpent with bright green skin, burning fiery eyes, and a smoking pointed tail.
* The '''Farmer''' (''il Contadino'') – An unnamed farmer whose chickens are plagued by weasel attacks. He previously owned a [[guard dog|watch dog]] named Melampo.
* The '''[[Glowworm]]''' (''la Lucciola'') – A glowworm that Pinocchio encounters in the farmer's grape field.
* The '''[[Columbidae|Pigeon]]''' (''il Colombo'') – A pigeon who gives Pinocchio a ride to the seashore.
* The '''[[Dolphin]]''' (''il Delfino'') – A dolphin who gives Pinocchio a ride to the Island of Busy Bees and informs him of the Terrible Dogfish.
* '''Alidoro''' ({{IPA|it|aliˈdɔːro|}} in Italian, {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑː|l|i|ˈ|d|ɒ|r|oʊ}} {{respell|AH|lee|DORR|oh}} in English, literally "Golden Wings"; ''il can Mastino'') – The old [[mastiff]] of a [[Carabinieri|carabineer]] on the Island of Busy Bees.
* The '''[[Marmot]]''' (''la Marmotta'') – A Dormouse who lives in the Land of Toys and informs Pinocchio of the donkey fever.
* The '''[[Ringmaster (circus)|Ringmaster]]''' (''il Direttore'') – The unnamed ringmaster of a circus that buys Pinocchio from the Coachman.
* The '''Master''' (''il Compratore'') – A man who wants to make Pinocchio's hide into a drum after the Ringmaster sold an injured Pinocchio to him.
* The '''Tuna Fish''' (''il Tonno'') – A [[tuna|tuna fish]] as "large as a two-year-old horse" who has been swallowed by the Terrible Shark.
* '''Giangio''' ({{IPA|it|ˈdʒandʒo|}} in Italian, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɑː|n|dʒ|oʊ}} {{respell|JAHN|joh}} in English) – The farmer who buys Romeo as a donkey and who Pinocchio briefly works for. He is called '''Farmer John''' in some versions.

==History==
[[File:Carlo Collodi.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Carlo Collodi]]]]

''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' incorporates elements similar to that of [[fairy tale]]s, as it is a story about an animated puppet and boys who turn into donkeys. The story is set in the [[Tuscany|Tuscan]] area of Italy, and features [[Italian language]] peppered with [[Tuscan dialect|Florentine dialect]] features, such as the [[protagonist]]'s Florentine name.

[[File:Giornaleperibambini.jpg|thumb|upright|The third chapter of the story published on July 14, 1881, in the ''Giornale per i bambini'']]

As a young man, Collodi joined the seminary. However, the cause of [[Italian unification]] (''Risorgimento'') usurped his calling, as he took to journalism as a means of supporting the Risorgimento in its struggle with the [[Austrian Empire]].<ref name=Britannica>{{cite web|title=Carlo Collodi - Britannica.com|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/C-Collodi|access-date=2 December 2019|archive-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528075929/https://www.britannica.com/biography/C-Collodi|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 1850s, Collodi began to have a variety of both fiction and non-fiction books published. Once, he translated some French fairy-tales so well that he was asked whether he would like to write some of his own. In 1848, Collodi started publishing ''Il Lampione'', a newspaper of [[political satire]]. With the founding of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] in 1861, Collodi ceased his journalistic and militaristic activities and began writing children's books.<ref name=Britannica/>

Collodi wrote a number of didactic children's stories for the recently unified Italy, including ''Viaggio per l'Italia di Giannettino'' ("Little Johnny's voyage through Italy"; 1876), a series about an unruly boy who undergoes humiliating experiences while traveling the country, and ''Minuzzolo'' (1878).<ref name="MarronePuppa2006">{{cite book|author1=Gaetana Marrone|author2=Paolo Puppa|title=Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d9NcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA485|date=26 December 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-45530-9|pages=485–|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712072043/https://books.google.com/books?id=d9NcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA485|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1881, he sent a short episode in the life of a wooden puppet to a friend who edited a newspaper in Rome, wondering whether the editor would be interested in publishing this "bit of foolishness" in his children's section. The editor did, and the children loved it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yourwaytoflorence.com/db/pinocchio/pinocchio.htm|title=The Story of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi|website=www.yourwaytoflorence.com|access-date=2012-08-02|archive-date=2012-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910160453/http://www.yourwaytoflorence.com/db/pinocchio/pinocchio.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' was originally published in serial form in the ''Giornale per i bambini'', one of the earliest Italian weekly magazines for children, starting from 7 July 1881. In the original, serialized version, Pinocchio dies a gruesome death: hanged for his innumerable faults, at the end of Chapter 15. At the request of his editor, Collodi added chapters 16–36, in which [[the Fairy with Turquoise Hair]] rescues Pinocchio and eventually transforms him into a real boy, when he acquires a deeper understanding of himself, making the story more suitable for children. In the second half of the book, the maternal figure of the Blue-haired Fairy is the dominant character, versus the paternal figure of Geppetto in the first part. In February 1883, the story was published in a single book with huge success.<ref name=FondazioneCollodi/>

Children's literature was a new idea in Collodi's time, an innovation in the 19th century. Thus in content and style it was new and modern, opening the way to many writers of the following century.

==International popularity==
[[File:Villa di castello, biblioteca dell'accademia della crusca, edizioni internazionali di pinocchio.jpg|thumb|left|Some of the more than 260 translations of the book displayed at the [[Accademia della Crusca]] library, [[Florence]]]]

''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' is the world's [[List of literary works by number of translations|third most translated book]] (240–260 languages),<ref name=Gasparini/><ref name=ANILS/> and was the first work of Italian children's literature to achieve international fame.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-real-pinocchio-180980027/ |title=The Real Story of Pinocchio Tells No Lies |department=Travel |magazine=Smithsonian |access-date=2022-05-26 |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526143904/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-real-pinocchio-180980027/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The book has had great impact on world culture, and it was met with enthusiastic reviews worldwide. The title character is a [[cultural icon]] and one of the most reimagined characters in children's literature.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-2697200012/pinocchio-carlo-collodi.html |title=Pinocchio: Carlo Collodi - Children's Literature Review |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia.com |access-date=2015-10-01}}</ref> The popularity of the story was bolstered by the powerful philosopher-critic [[Benedetto Croce]], who greatly admired the tale and reputed it as one of the greatest works of Italian literature.<ref name=Croce/>

Carlo Collodi, who died in 1890, was respected during his lifetime as a talented writer and social commentator, and his fame continued to grow when ''Pinocchio'' was first translated into English by [[Mary Alice Murray]] in 1892, whose translation was added to the widely read [[Everyman's Library]] in 1911. Other well regarded English translations include the 1926 translation by [[Carol Della Chiesa]], and the 1986 bilingual edition by [[Nicolas J. Perella]]. The first appearance of the book in the United States was in 1898, with publication of the first US edition in 1901, translated and illustrated by Walter S. Cramp and [[Charles Copeland (illustrator)|Charles Copeland]].<ref name=FondazioneCollodi/> From that time, the story was one of the most famous children's books in the United States and an important step for many illustrators.<ref name=FondazioneCollodi/>

Together with those from the United Kingdom, the American editions contributed to the popularity of Pinocchio in countries more culturally distant from Italy, such as Iceland and Asian countries.<ref name=FondazioneCollodi/> In 1905, [[Otto Julius Bierbaum]] published a new version of the book in Germany, entitled ''Zapfelkerns Abenteuer'' (lit. ''The Adventures of Pine Nut''), and the first French edition was published in 1902. Between 1911 and 1945, translations were made into all European languages and several languages of Asia, Africa and Oceania.<ref name=Languages>{{Cite web |url=https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/enthymema/article/download/2970/3291 |title=Collodi, Edizione Nazionale delle Opere di Carlo Lorenzi- ni, Volume III |access-date=2018-10-22 |archive-date=2018-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518171816/https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/enthymema/article/download/2970/3291 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=FondazioneCollodi/> In 1936, Soviet writer [[Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy]] published a reworked version of Pinocchio titled ''[[The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino]]'' (originally a character in the [[commedia dell'arte]]), which became one of the most popular characters of Russian children's literature.

[[File:Firenze-burattini-0849.jpg|thumb|Pinocchio puppets in a puppet shop window in Florence]]

The first stage adaptation was launched in 1899, written by Gattesco Gatteschi and Enrico Guidotti and directed by Luigi Rasi.<ref name=FondazioneCollodi/> Also, Pinocchio was adopted as a pioneer of cinema: in 1911, [[Giulio Antamoro]] featured him in a 45-minute hand-coloured silent film starring Polidor (an almost complete version of the film was restored in the 1990s).<ref name=FondazioneCollodi/> In 1932, [[Noburō Ōfuji]] directed a Japanese movie with an experimental technique using animated puppets,<ref name=FondazioneCollodi/> while in the 1930s in Italy, there was an attempt to produce a full-length animated cartoon film of the [[The Adventures of Pinocchio (unfinished film)|same title]]. The 1940 [[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Walt Disney version]] was a groundbreaking achievement in the area of effects animation, giving realistic movement to vehicles, machinery and natural elements such as rain, lightning, smoke, shadows and water.

==Literary analysis==
[[File:PinocchioChiostri22.jpg|thumb|upright|"As he lies, his nose grows", illustration by [[Carlo Chiostri]]]]

Before writing ''Pinocchio'', Collodi wrote a number of didactic children's stories for the recently [[Italian Unification|unified Italy]], including a series about an unruly boy who undergoes humiliating experiences while traveling the country, titled ''Viaggio per l'Italia di Giannettino'' ("Little Johnny's voyage through Italy").<ref name="MarronePuppa2006"/> Throughout ''Pinocchio'', Collodi chastises Pinocchio for his lack of moral fiber and his persistent rejection of responsibility and desire for fun.

The structure of the story of Pinocchio follows that of the [[Oral literature|folk-tales]] of [[peasant]]s who venture out into the world but are naively unprepared for what they find, and get into ridiculous situations.<ref>{{cite book |last=Collodi |first=Carlo |editor-last=Zipes|editor-first=Jack |title=Pinocchio |publisher=Penguin Books |date=1996|pages=xiii&ndash;xv|chapter=Introduction }}</ref> At the time of the writing of the book, this was a serious problem, arising partly from the [[Economic history of Italy|industrialization of Italy]], which led to a growing need for reliable labour in the cities; the problem was exacerbated by similar, more or less simultaneous, demands for labour in the [[industrialization]] of other countries. One major effect was the [[Italian diaspora|emigration]] of much of the Italian peasantry to cities and to foreign countries, often as far away as the [[Americas]].

Some literary analysts have described Pinocchio as an [[Epic poetry|epic hero]]. According to Thomas J. Morrissey and Richard Wunderlich in ''Death and Rebirth in Pinocchio'' (1983) "such mythological events probably imitate the annual cycle of vegetative birth, death, and renascence, and they often serve as paradigms for the frequent symbolic deaths and rebirths encountered in literature. Two such symbolic renderings are most prominent: re-emergence from a journey to hell and rebirth through [[metamorphosis]]. A journey to the underworld—termed ''[[katabasis]]''—is a common feature of [[Eurasia]]n literary epics; [[Gilgamesh]], [[Odysseus]], [[Aeneas]], and [[Dante]] all benefit from the knowledge and power they gain after such descents. [[Reincarnation|Rebirth]] through metamorphosis, however, is a [[Motif (narrative)|motif]] generally consigned to [[fantasy]] or [[Speculative fiction|speculative literature]] [...] These two figurative manifestations of the death-rebirth [[Trope (literature)|trope]] are rarely combined; however, Carlo Collodi's great fantasy-epic, ''The Adventures of Pinocchio'', is a work in which a hero experiences symbolic death and rebirth through both infernal descent and metamorphosis. Pinocchio is truly a fantasy hero of epic proportions [...] Beneath the book's comic-fantasy texture—but not far beneath—lies a symbolic journey to the underworld, from which Pinocchio emerges whole."<ref name="MW">Morrissey, Thomas J., and Richard Wunderlich. "Death and Rebirth in Pinocchio." Children's Literature 11 (1983): 64–75.</ref>

The main imperatives demanded of Pinocchio are to work, be good, and study. And in the end Pinocchio's willingness to provide for his father and devote himself to these things transforms him into a real boy with modern comforts. "as a hero of what is, in the classic sense, a comedy, ''Pinocchio'' is protected from ultimate catastrophe, although he suffers quite a few moderate calamities. Collodi never lets the reader forget that disaster is always a possibility; in fact, that is just what Pinocchio's mentors —Geppetto, the Talking Cricket, and the Fairy— repeatedly tell him. Although they are part of a comedy, Pinocchio's adventures are not always funny. Indeed, they are sometimes sinister. The book's fictive world does not exclude injury, pain, or even death—they are stylized but not absent. [...] Accommodate them he does, by using the archetypal birth-death-rebirth motif as a means of structuring his hero's growth to responsible boyhood. Of course, the success of the puppet's growth is rendered in terms of his metamorphic rebirth as a flesh-and-blood human."<ref name="MW"/>

==Adaptations==
{{See also|The Adventures of Pinocchio (disambiguation)|label 1=The Adventures of Pinocchio}}
The story has been adapted into many forms on stage and screen, some keeping close to the original Collodi narrative while others treat the story more freely. There are at least fourteen English-language films based on the story, Italian, French, Russian, German, Japanese and other versions for the big screen and for television, and several musical adaptations.
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===Films===
====Live-Action====
[[File:Pinocchio (1911).webm|thumb|[[The Adventures of Pinocchio (1911 film)|''The Adventures of Pinocchio'']], 1911]]
[[File:Pinochio 1940, 1972 & 2022.png|thumb|300px|Animated depictions of the protagonist from ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (1940), ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio (1972 film)|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1972) and ''[[Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio]]'' (2022)]]
<!--INCLUDE A DATE WHEN THE WORK WAS CREATED AND SORT OLDEST TO NEWEST -->
* ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio (1911 film)|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1911), a live-action [[silent film]] directed by [[Giulio Antamoro]], and the first movie based on the novel. Part of the film is [[lost film|lost]].
* ''{{ill|Le avventure di Pinocchio (1947 film)|lt=Le avventure di Pinocchio|it|Le avventure di Pinocchio (film 1947)}}'' (1947), an Italian live action film with Alessandro Tomei as Pinocchio.
* ''[[Turlis Abenteuer]]'' (1967), an East German version; in 1969 it was dubbed into English and shown in the US as ''Pinocchio''.
* ''[[The Adventures of Buratino (1976 film)|The Adventures of Buratino]]'' (1975), a [[BSSR]] [[television film]].
* ''{{ill|Si Boneka Kayu, Pinokio|id|Si Boneka Kayu, Pinokio}}'' (1979), an Indonesian movie.
* ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996 film)|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1996), a film by [[Steve Barron]] starring [[Martin Landau]] as Geppetto and [[Jonathan Taylor Thomas]] as Pinocchio.
*''[[The New Adventures of Pinocchio (film)|The New Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1999), a direct-to-video film sequel of the 1996 movie. Martin Landau reprises his role of Geppetto, while [[Gabriel Thomson]] plays Pinocchio.
* ''[[Pinocchio (2002 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (2002), a live-action Italian film directed by, co-written by and starring [[Roberto Benigni]].
* ''[[Pinocchio (2015 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (2015), a live-action Czech film featuring a computer-animated Pinocchio and female version of the Talking Cricket, given the name, Coco, who used to live in the wood Pinocchio was made out of.
* ''[[Pinocchio (2019 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (2019), a live-action Italian film co-written, directed and co-produced by [[Matteo Garrone]]. It stars child actor [[Federico Ielapi]] as Pinocchio and Roberto Benigni as Geppetto. Prosthetic makeup was used to turn Ielapi into a puppet. Some actors, including Ielapi, dubbed themselves in the English-language version of the movie.
* ''[[Pinocchio (2022 live-action film)|Pinocchio]]'' (2022), a live-action film based on the 1940 animated ''Pinocchio''.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://deadline.com/2015/04/pinocchio-inspired-live-action-film-being-developed-at-disney-1201406564/|title='Pinocchio'-Inspired Live-Action Pic In The Works At Disney|magazine=Deadline|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|date=April 8, 2015}}</ref> directed and co-written by [[Robert Zemeckis]].<ref>{{cite web|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|title=Robert Zemeckis Closes Deal To Direct & Co-Write Disney's Live-Action 'Pinocchio'|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/pinocchio-robert-zemeckis-to-direct-1202840440/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=January 24, 2020|access-date=June 19, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124210942/https://deadline.com/2020/01/pinocchio-robert-zemeckis-to-direct-1202840440/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Pinocchio: Unstrung]]'' (2026), a live-action horror reimagining of the story in development by [[Jagged Edge Productions]] and set in the same universe as ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey]]''.

====Animation====
* ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio (1936 film)|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1936), a historically notable, unfinished Italian animated feature film.
* ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (1940), the widely known Disney animated film, considered by many to be [[List of films considered the greatest|one of the greatest animated films ever made]]. It is the best-known adaptation of the novel, thanks in part to containing elements that would be used in later adaptations such as Pinocchio being more innocent and good-natured, the Talking Cricket being reworked into a friend and sidekick to Pinocchio, Mangiafuoco being a straight villain, the Fox and the Cat being the ones responsible for most of the story's events, and the Terrible Dogfish being replaced by a whale.
* ''[[Pinocchio in Outer Space]]'' (1965), Pinocchio has adventures in outer space, with an alien turtle as a friend.
* ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio (1972 film)|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1972), ''Un burattino di nome Pinocchio'', literally ''A puppet named Pinocchio'', an Italian animated film written and directed by [[Giuliano Cenci]]. [[Carlo Collodi]]'s grandchildren, Mario and Antonio Lorenzini advised the production.
* ''[[Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night]]'' (1987), an animated movie which acts as a sequel of the story.
* ''[[Pinocchio (1992 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (1992), an animated movie by [[Golden Films]].
* ''[[Pinocchio 3000]]'' (2004), a CGI animated Canadian film.
* ''{{ill|Bentornato Pinocchio|it|Bentornato Pinocchio}}'' (2007), an Italian animated film directed by [[Orlando Corradi]], which acts as a sequel to the original story. Pinocchio is voiced by [[Federico Bebi]].
* ''[[Pinocchio (2012 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (2012), an Italian-Belgian-French animated film directed by [[Enzo D'Alò]].
* ''[[Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio]]'' (2022), a [[stop-motion]] musical film co-directed by [[Guillermo del Toro]] and [[Mark Gustafson]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Trumbore|first1=Dave|title=Netflix Sets Guillermo del Toro's 'Pinocchio' and Henry Selick's 'Wendell & Wild' for 2021|url=https://collider.com/guillermo-del-toro-pinocchio-release-date/|date=6 November 2018|website=Collider|access-date=6 November 2018|archive-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019234124/https://collider.com/guillermo-del-toro-pinocchio-release-date/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is a darker story set in Fascist Italy. It won the [[Academy Award for Best Animated Feature]].

===Television===
====Live-Action====
* [[Spike Jones]] portrayed Pinocchio in a satirical version of the story aired 24 April 1954 as an episode of ''[[The Spike Jones Show]]''.
*''[[Pinocchio (1957 TV-musical)|Pinocchio]]'' (1957), a TV [[Musical film|musical]] broadcast live during the [[Golden Age of Television]], directed and choreographed by [[Hanya Holm]], and starring such actors as [[Mickey Rooney]] (in the title role), [[Walter Slezak]] (as Geppetto), [[Fran Allison]] (as the Blue Fairy), and [[Martyn Green]] (as the Fox). This version featured songs by [[Alec Wilder]] and was shown on [[NBC]]. It was part of a then-popular trend of musicalizing fantasy stories for television, following the immense success of the [[Mary Martin]] ''[[Peter Pan (1954 musical)|Peter Pan]]'', which made its TV debut in 1955.
* The Prince Street Players' musical version, starring John Joy as Pinocchio and David Lile as Geppetto, was broadcast on CBS Television in 1965.
* ''[[Pinocchio (1968 TV program)|Pinocchio]]'' (1968), a musical version of the story that aired in the United States on NBC, with pop star [[Peter Noone]] playing the puppet. This one bore no resemblance to the 1957 television version.
* ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio (1972 miniseries)|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1972), a TV mini-series by Italian director [[Luigi Comencini]], starring [[Andrea Balestri]] as Pinocchio, [[Nino Manfredi]] as Geppetto and [[Gina Lollobrigida]] as the Fairy.
* ''[[Pinocchio (1976 TV program)|Pinocchio]]'' (1976), still another live-action musical version for television, with [[Sandy Duncan]] in a [[trouser role]] as the puppet, [[Danny Kaye]] as Geppetto, and [[Flip Wilson]] as the Fox. It was telecast on [[CBS]], and is available on [[DVD]].
* A 1984 episode of ''[[Faerie Tale Theatre]]'' starring [[Paul Reubens]] as Pinocchio.
* ''[[Geppetto (TV musical)|Geppetto]]'' (2000), a television film broadcast on ''[[The Wonderful World of Disney]]'' starring [[Drew Carey]] in the title role, [[Seth Adkins]] as Pinocchio, [[Brent Spiner]] as Stromboli, and [[Julia Louis-Dreyfus]] as the [[The Fairy with Turquoise Hair|Blue Fairy]].
* ''[[Pinocchio (miniseries)|Pinocchio]]'' (2008), a British-Italian TV film starring [[Bob Hoskins]] as Geppetto, [[Robbie Kay]] as Pinocchio, [[Luciana Littizzetto]] as the Talking Cricket, [[Violante Placido]] as the Blue Fairy, [[Toni Bertorelli]] as the Fox, [[Francesco Pannofino]] as the Cat, Maurizio Donadoni as Mangiafuoco, and [[Alessandro Gassman]] as the original author [[Carlo Collodi]].
* ''[[Once Upon a Time (TV series)|Once Upon a Time]]'' (2011), [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC television]] series. Pinocchio and many other characters from the story have major roles in the episodes "[[That Still Small Voice]]" and "[[The Stranger (Once Upon a Time)|The Stranger]]".
* Pinocchio appeared in [[GEICO]]'s 2014 bad motivational speaker commercial, and was revived in 2019 and 2020 for its Sequels campaign.
* ''[[Pinocchio (2014 TV series)|Pinocchio]]'' (2014), [[South Korea]]n television series starring [[Park Shin-hye]] and [[Lee Jong-suk]], airs on [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] starting on November 12, 2014, every Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes. The protagonist Choi In-ha has a chronic symptom called "Pinocchio complex", which makes her break into violent hiccups when she tells lies.

====Animation====
* ''[[The New Adventures of Pinocchio (1960 TV program)|The New Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' (1960), a TV series of 5-minute stop-motion animated vignettes by [[Rankin/Bass Productions|Arthur Rankin, Jr. and Jules Bass]]. The plots of the vignettes are mainly unrelated to the novel, but the main characters are the same and ideas from the novel are used as backstory.
* ''[[Pinocchio: The Series]]'' (1972), also known as ''Saban's The Adventures of Pinocchio'' and known as {{nihongo|''Mock of the Oak Tree''|樫の木モック|Kashi no Ki Mokku}} in Japan, a 52-episode [[anime]] is an animated series produced by [[Tatsunoko Productions]]. It has a distinctly darker, more sadistic theme, and portrays the main character, Pinocchio (Mokku), as suffering from constant physical and psychological abuse and freak accidents.
* ''[[Piccolino no Bōken]]'' (1976 animated series) by [[Nippon Animation]] as not part of the [[World Masterpiece Theater]] 
* ''[[Manga Fairy Tales of the World|Pinokio no bōken]]'' (1979 TV program) [[:ja:ダックスインターナショナル|DAX International]]
* [[Pinocchio's Christmas]] (1980), a stop-motion animated TV special.
*The story was adapted in an episode of ''[[Simsala Grimm]]'' Animated TV series. Season 3, ep. 21. 2010
* ''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' was adapted in ''[[Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child]]'' where it takes place on the Barbary Coast.
*''Pinocchio and Friends'', an Italian-Indian computer-animated television series created by [[Iginio Straffi]], which aired on [[Rai Yoyo]] in Italy on  November 29, 2021, and on [[CBeebies]] in the UK in December 2021.
*''The Enchanted Village of Pinocchio'' (''Il villaggio incantato di Pinocchio''), an Italian-French computer-animated television series which premiered in Italy on May 22, 2022, on [[Rai YoYo]].

===Other books===
* {{citation|year=1894 |place=Italy|first=Gemma  |last=Mongiardini-Rembadi |title=[[Pinocchio under the Sea|Il Segreto di Pinocchio]]}}. Published in the United States in 1913 as ''Pinocchio under the Sea''.
* {{citation|year=1903|place=Italy|author-link=Eugenio Cherubini|first=E.|last=Cherubini|title=[[Pinocchio in Africa]]}}.
* {{citation|year=1917 |place=Florence, Italy|author-link=Paolo Lorenzini |first=Paolo |last=Lorenzini |title=[[The Heart of Pinocchio]]}}.
* {{citation|year=1928 |place=United States|author-link=Angelo Patri |first=Angelo |last=Patri |title=[[Pinocchio in America]]}}.
* {{citation|year=1932 |place=New York|author-link=Carol Della Chiesa |first=Carol |last=Della Chiesa |title=[[Puppet Parade]]}}.
* {{citation|year=1936|author-link=Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy|first=Aleksey Nikolayevich|last=Tolstoy|place=Russia|title=[[Buratino|The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino]]}}, a loose adaptation. Illustrated by Alexander Koshkin, translated from Russian by Kathleen Cook-Horujy, Raduga Publishers, Moscow, 1990, 171 pages, SBN 5-05-002843-4. [[Leonid Vladimirsky]] later wrote and illustrated a sequel, ''Buratino in the [[Emerald City]]'', bringing Buratino to the Magic Land that [[Alexander Melentyevich Volkov]] based on the [[Land of Oz]], and which Vladimirski had illustrated.
* {{citation|year=1940 |place=United States|author-link=Josef Marino |first=Josef |last=Marino |title=[[Hi! Ho! Pinocchio!]]}}.
* {{citation|title=[[Pinocchio in Venice]]|year=1991|author-link=Robert Coover|first=Robert|last=Coover|quote=novel, continues the story of Pinocchio, the Blue Fairy, and other characters}}.
* {{citation|author-link=Jim Dine|first=James 'Jim'|last=Dine|year=2006|publisher=Steidl|title=Pinocchio|quote=illustrations}}.
* {{citation|author-link=Jim Dine|first=James 'Jim'|last=Dine|year=2007|publisher=PaceWildenstein|title=Pinocchio|author-mask=4}}.
* {{citation|author-link=Vincent Paronnaud|author=Winshluss|year=2008|publisher=Les Requins Marteaux|title=Pinocchio}}.
* {{citation|title=Wooden Bones|year=2012|author-link=Scott William Carter|first=Scott William|last=Carter|quote=novel, described as the untold story of Pinocchio, with a dark twist. Pino, as he's come to be known after he became a real boy, has discovered that he has the power to bring puppets to life himself}}.
* {{citation|title=Pinocchio by Pinocchio|year=2013|author-link=Michael Morpurgo|first=Michael|last=Morpurgo}} Children's book, illustrated by [[Emma Chichester Clark]].
* London, Thomas (2015), [[Splintered: A Political Fairy Tale (novel)|Splintered: A Political Fairy Tale]] sets the characters of the story in modern-day Washington, D.C.
* Bemis, John Claude. ''Out of Abaton'' "duology" ''The Wooden Prince'' and ''Lord of Monsters'' (Disney Hyperion, 2016 and 2017) adapts the story to a science fiction setting.
* Carey, Edward (2021), ''[https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/624887/the-swallowed-man-by-edward-carey/ The Swallowed Man]'' tells the story of Pinocchio's creation and evolution from the viewpoint of Geppetto

=== Theater ===
[[File:Pinokio, Balet SNP, 2018, Naojuki Acumi, Teona Radanović, Samjuel Bišop, Aleksandar Bečvardi, foto S. Doroški.jpg|thumb|right|One of numerous stage adaptations of the novel, this one at the [[Serbian National Theatre]] (2018)]]
* "Pinocchio" (1961–1999), by [[Carmelo Bene]].
* [[John J. Baldwin, Jr.]], ''Pinocchio'', [[Pioneer Drama Service]], 1970.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pinocchio |url=https://www.pioneerdrama.com/searchdetail.asp?pc=PINOCCHIO |website=www.pioneerdrama.com}}</ref>
* "Pinocchio" (2002), musical by [[Saverio Marconi]] and musics by [[Pooh (band)|Pooh]].
* An opera, ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio (opera)|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'', composed by [[Jonathan Dove]] to a libretto by [[Alasdair Middleton]], was commissioned by [[Opera North]] and premièred at the [[Grand Theatre Leeds|Grand Theatre]] in [[Leeds]], England, on 21 December 2007.
* {{citation|year=2009|title=opera|first=Lior|last=Navok|quote=sculptural exhibition. Two acts: actors, woodwind quintet and piano}}.
* ''Le Avventure di Pinocchio''{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} (2009) musical by Mario Restagno.
* {{citation|title=The other Pinocchio|year=2011|first=Vito|last=Costantini|quote=musical, the first musical sequel to 'Adventures of Pinocchio'}}. The musical is based on {{citation|place=Brescia|publisher=La Scuola Editrice|year=1999|quote=book|title=The other Pinocchio}}. The composer is Antonio Furioso. [http://www.vitocostantini.it Vito Costantini] wrote "The other Pinocchio" after the discovery of a few sheets of an old manuscript attributed to Collodi and dated 21/10/1890. The news of the discovery appeared in the major Italian newspapers.<ref>{{citation|title=La Stampa|date=1998-02-20|place=IT}}.</ref> It is assumed the Tuscan artist wrote a sequel to 'The Adventures of Pinocchio' he never published. Starting from handwritten sheets, Costantini has reconstructed the second part of the story. In 2000 'The other Pinocchio' won first prize in national children's literature ''Città of Bitritto''.
* ''La vera storia di Pinocchio raccontata da lui medesimo'', (2011) by Flavio Albanese, music by [[Fiorenzo Carpi]], produced by [[Piccolo Teatro (Milan)|Piccolo Teatro]].
* ''L'altro Pinocchio'' (2011), musical by [[Vito Costantini]] based on ''L'altro Pinocchio'' (Editrice La Scuola, Brescia 1999).
* ''Pinocchio. Storia di un burattino da Carlo Collodi'' by [[Massimiliano Finazzer Flory]] (2012)
*''[[Disney's My Son Pinocchio: Geppetto's Musical Tale]]'' (2016), a stage musical based on the 2000 TV movie ''Geppetto''.
* ''[[Pinocchio (2017 play)|Pinocchio]]'' (2017), musical by [[Dennis Kelly (writer)|Dennis Kelly]], with songs from the [[Pinocchio (1940 film)|1940 Disney movie]], directed by [[John Tiffany]], premiered on the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]], [[London]].

===Cultural influence===
* [[The Velveteen Rabbit]] by [[Margery Williams]] shares a lot of similarities to Pinocchio with how both involve a toy who gains sentience, gaining the desire to become real, and are granted life by a fairy who makes them become real at the end of their respective stories.
* [[Totò]] plays a Pinocchio figure in ''[[Toto in Color]]'' (1952)
* {{citation|title=The Erotic Adventures of Pinocchio|year=1971}} was advertised with the memorable line, "It's not his nose that grows!"
* {{citation|year=1977|title=[[Spinnolio]]|publisher=a parody by [[National Film Board of Canada]]|author-link=John Weldon (animator)|first=John|last=Weldon}}.<ref name="Spinnolio">{{cite web|last=Weldon|first=John|title=Spinnolio|url=http://www.nfb.ca/film/spinnolio|work=Animated short|publisher=[[National Film Board of Canada]]|access-date=11 January 2011|location=Montreal|format=[[Adobe Flash]]|archive-date=15 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110115145348/http://www.nfb.ca/film/spinnolio/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The 1990 movie ''[[Edward Scissorhands]]'' contains elements both of [[Beauty and Beast]], [[Frankenstein]] and Pinocchio.
* {{citation|title=[[Pinocchio's Revenge]]|year=1996}}, a horror movie where Pinocchio supposedly goes on a murderous rampage.
* ''[[Android Kikaider]]'' was influenced by Pinocchio story.
* ''[[Astro Boy]]'' (鉄腕アトム, ''Tetsuwan Atomu'') (1952), a Japanese [[manga]] series written and illustrated by [[Osamu Tezuka]], recasts loosely the Pinocchio theme.<ref name="SchodtAstroBoyIntro3">[[Frederik L. Schodt|Schodt, Frederik L]]. "Introduction." ''Astro Boy'' Volume 1 (Comic by [[Osamu Tezuka]]). [[Dark Horse Comics]] and [[Studio Proteus]]. Page 3 of 3 (The introduction section has 3 pages). {{ISBN|1-56971-676-5}}.</ref>
* ''[[Marvel Fairy Tales]]'', a comic book series by [[C. B. Cebulski]], features a retelling of ''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' with the robotic superhero called [[Vision (Marvel Comics)|The Vision]] in the role of Pinocchio.
* {{citation|author-link=Steven Spielberg|first=Steven|last=Spielberg|title=[[A.I. Artificial Intelligence]]|year=2001}}, film, based on a [[Stanley Kubrick]] project that was cut short by Kubrick's death, recasts the Pinocchio theme; in it an android with emotions longs to become a real boy by finding the Blue Fairy, who he hopes will turn him into one.<ref name=Ian>{{cite web|url=http://www.ianwatson.info/kubrick.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703134444/http://www.ianwatson.info/kubrick.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-07-03 |title=Plumbing Stanley Kubrick |access-date=2017-04-01}}</ref>
* {{citation|title=[[Shrek (franchise)|Shrek]]|year=2001}}, Pinocchio is a recurrent supporting character.
* {{citation|title=[[Shrek the Musical]]|place=Broadway|date=December 14, 2008}}.
* ''[[A Tree of Palme]]'', a 2002 anime film, is an interpretation of the Pinocchio tale.
* {{citation|title=[[Teacher's Pet (2004 film)|Teacher's Pet]]|year=2004}} contains elements and references of the 1940 adaptation and ''A.I. Artificial Intelligence''.
* {{citation|title=[[Happily N'Ever After 2: Snow White Another Bite @ the Apple]]|year=2009}} Pinocchio appears as a secondary character.
* In ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Itchy and Scratchy Land]]", there is a parody of Pinocchio called ''Pinnitchio'' where Pinnitchio (Itchy) stabs Geppetto (Scratchy) in the eye after he fibs not to tell lies.
*In the [[Rooster Teeth]] webtoon ''[[RWBY]]'', the characters Penny Polendina and Roman Torchwick are based on Pinocchio and Lampwick respectively.
* He was used as the mascot for the [[2013 UCI Road World Championships]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/9637244/UCI-turns-to-unlikely-figure-of-Pinocchio-to-promote-2013-World-Road-Race-Championships-in-Tuscany.html|title=UCI turns to unlikely figure of Pinocchio to promote 2013 World Road Race Championships in Tuscany|website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=October 26, 2012|access-date=September 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027170304/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/9637244/UCI-turns-to-unlikely-figure-of-Pinocchio-to-promote-2013-World-Road-Race-Championships-in-Tuscany.html|archive-date=October 27, 2012}}</ref>
*Pinocchio appears as a lie-detecting android in the short story "The Blue Fairy", found in the sci-fi/fantasy anthology Once Upon a Future Time Volume 4.
*[[Ergo Proxy]] includes a major plot element of humanoid automaton ("Autoreivs") becoming self-aware, a prominently featured one is named [[List_of_Ergo_Proxy_characters|Pino]], which is likely a shortened version of "Pinocchio". Pino has other similarities to Pinocchio, including acting as a surrogate child.

=== Video Games ===

* ''[[Lies of P]]'' (2023), a [[Soulslike]] video game loosely based on the story and characters of the novel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/lies-of-p-is-about-pinocchio-for-three-very-good-reasons-actually/|title=Lies of P is about Pinocchio for three very good reasons, actually|last=Gerblick|first=Jordan|website=[[GamesRadar]]|date=August 27, 2022|access-date=September 17, 2023|archive-date=April 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409055952/https://www.gamesradar.com/lies-of-p-is-about-pinocchio-for-three-very-good-reasons-actually/}}</ref>

==Monuments and art works dedicated to Pinocchio==
[[File:Il Pinocchione di Collodi.jpg|thumb|A giant statue of Pinocchio at ''Parco di Pinocchio'' ([[:it:Parco di Pinocchio|it]]) in [[Pescia]]]]
*The name of a district of the city of [[Ancona]] is "Pinocchio", long before the birth of the famous puppet. Vittorio Morelli built the Monument to Pinocchio.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/vittorio-morelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|title=MORELLI, Vittorio in "Dizionario Biografico"|website=www.treccani.it|access-date=2017-09-13|archive-date=2017-09-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913135900/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/vittorio-morelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{citation|year=1956|title=[[Fontana a Pinocchio]]}}, fountain in [[Milan]], with bronze statues of Pinocchio, the Cat, and the Fox.
*In [[Pescia]], Italy, the park "Parco di Pinocchio" was built in 1956.
*Near the [[Lake Varese]] was built a metal statue depicting Pinocchio.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilgiorno.it/varese/cultura/2010/11/19/417249-pinocchio.shtml|title=Il Giorno - Varese - Per Pinocchio ha un nuovo look Restaurato al Parco Zanzi|last=MonrifNet|website=www.ilgiorno.it|date=19 November 2010|access-date=16 January 2015|archive-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204220731/http://www.ilgiorno.it/varese/cultura/2010/11/19/417249-pinocchio.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[12927 Pinocchio]], a [[main-belt asteroid]] discovered on September 30, 1999, by [[M. Tombelli]] and [[L. Tesi]] at [[San Marcello Pistoiese]], was named after Pinocchio.
*In the paintings series ''La morte di Pinocchio'', [[Walther Jervolino]], an Italian painter and engraver, shows Pinocchio being executed with arrows or decapitated, thus presenting an alternative story ending.
*In the central square of [[Viù]], [[Turin]], there is a wooden statue of Pinocchio which is 6.53 meters tall and weighs about 4000 kilograms.<ref>[http://www.torinotoday.it/attualita/Pinocchio-Viu-.html "Viù: Il Pinocchio gigante è instabile, via dalla piazza del paese: Torna nelle mani del falegname Silvano Rocchietti,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106202041/https://www.torinotoday.it/attualita/Pinocchio-Viu-.html |date=2022-11-06 }} (in Italian) ''Torino Today'' (Oct. 2, 2018).</ref>
*In Collodi, the birthplace of the writer of Pinocchio, in February 2009 was installed a statue of the puppet 15 feet tall.
*At the [[Expo 2010]] in [[Shanghai]], in the Italian Pavilion, was exposed to more than two meters tall an aluminum sculpture called Pinocchio Art of Giuseppe Bartolozzi and Clara Thesis.
*The National Foundation Carlo Collodi together with Editions Redberry Art London has presented at the Milan [[The Humanitarian Society|Humanitarian Society]] the artist's book ''The Adventures of Pinocchio'' with the works of Antonio Nocera. The exhibition was part of a Tuscany region food and fable project connected to the [[Expo 2015|Milan Expo 2015]].
*Vernante is mostly famous for its Pinocchio's dedicated paintings around the city, which involve the majority of houses in the town's center.

==See also==
* [[Pinocchio paradox]]
* [[Classic book]]
* [[List of best-selling books]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{citation | title=Pinocchio | others=[[Geoffrey Brock|Brock, Geoffrey]], transl.; [[Umberto Eco]], introd. | work=[[New York Review Books]] | year=2008}}.
* {{citation|title=The Adventures of Pinocchio|language=it, en|others=Nicolas J. Perella, transl.|year=1986|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=0-520-07782-2}}, {{ISBN|0-520-24686-1}}.
* {{citation|title=[[s:The Story of a Puppet|The Story of a Puppet or The Adventures of Pinocchio]]|others=Mary Alice Murray, transl. |year=1892|publisher=Wikisource}}.
* {{citation|title=[[s:The Adventures of Pinocchio|The Adventures of Pinocchio]]|others=Carol Della Chiesa, transl.|publisher=Wikisource}}.
* {{citation|publisher=[[Project Gutenberg]]|number=16865|title=Pinocchio: the Tale of a Puppet|others=Alice Carsey, illustr.|year=1916}}.
* {{citation|url=http://www.illuminated-books.com/books/pinocchio.htm|title=The Adventures of Pinocchio|others=Carol Della Chiesa, transl.; Attilio Mussino, illustr.|year=1926|publisher=Illuminated books|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502064714/http://www.illuminated-books.com/books/pinocchio.htm|archive-date=2006-05-02}}.
* {{citation|url=http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/c/collodi/|title=The Adventures of Pinocchio|language=it|publisher=Liber Liber|place=Italy|last=Collodi|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509084434/http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/c/collodi/|archive-date=2006-05-09}}.
* {{citation|url=http://digilander.libero.it/il_collodi/|title=The Adventures of Pinocchio|language=en, it|publisher=Libero|place=Italy|last=Collodi}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|The Adventures of Pinocchio|''The Adventures of Pinocchio''}}
{{Commons category|Le avventure di Pinocchio}}
* {{Wikisourcelang-inline|it|Le avventure di Pinocchio|''Le avventure di Pinocchio''}}
* {{citation|url=http://www.pinocchio.it/|title=Pinocchio|publisher=Carlo Collodi National Foundation|language=it}}
* {{citation|url=http://www.andreabalestri.it/|publisher=Andrea Balestri|title=Pinocchio|author-link=Luigi Comencini|first=Luigi|last=Comencini|language=it}}
* {{citation|url=http://www.rapportoconfidenziale.org/?p=10545|trans-title=The Adventures of Pinocchio|publisher=Rapporto confidenziale|title=Un burattino di nome Pinocchio|others=Carlo Rambaldi, introd.|first=Mario|last=Verger|date=15 November 2010 |language=it}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/carlo-collodi/the-adventures-of-pinocchio}}
* {{librivox book | title=The Adventures of Pinocchio | author=Carlo COLLODI}}
* {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/adventuresofpino00coll_2|title=The Adventures of Pinocchio|year=1904|last=Collodi|first=C|publisher=The Athenaum Press|isbn=9781590172896 |via=the Internet Archive}}

{{Pinocchio}}
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