View source for The Cherry Orchard

{{short description|1904 play by Anton Chekhov}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox play
| name       = The Cherry Orchard
| image      = The Cherry Orchard MAT.jpg
| alt        = 
| caption    = Scene from Act 3 of the original production at the [[Moscow Art Theatre]]
| writer     = [[Anton Chekhov]]
| chorus     = 
| characters =
| mute       = 
| setting    = 
| premiere   = 1904
| place      = Moscow Art Theatre
| orig_lang  = Russian
| series     = 
| subject    = 
| genre      = [[Drama]]<br>[[Tragicomedy]]
| web        = 
}}

'''''The Cherry Orchard''''' ({{langx|ru|Вишнёвый сад|translit=Vishnyovyi sad}}) is the last play by the Russian playwright [[Anton Chekhov]]. Written in 1903, it was first published by ''[[Znaniye]]'' (Book Two, 1904),<ref>"Сборник товарищества "Знание" за 1903 год". Книга вторая. СПб., 1904, стр. 29—105. Подпись: А. Чехов.</ref> and it appeared as a separate edition later that year in [[Saint Petersburg]] via [[Adolf Marks|A.F. Marks Publishers]].<ref name="comm_78">[http://chehov.niv.ru/chehov/text/vishnevyj-sad.htm Commentaries to Вишневый сад] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531095551/http://chehov.niv.ru/chehov/text/vishnevyj-sad.htm |date=2017-05-31 }}. The Complete Chekhov in 30 Volumes. Vol. 13. // Чехов А. П.  Вишневый сад: Комедия в 4-х действиях // Чехов А. П. Полное собрание сочинений и писем: В 30 т. Сочинения: В 18 т. / АН СССР. Ин-т мировой лит. им. А. М. Горького. — М.: Наука, 1974—1982. Т. 13. Пьесы. 1895—1904. — М.: Наука, 1978. — С. 195—254.</ref> On 17 January 1904, it opened at the [[Moscow Art Theatre]] in a production directed by [[Konstantin Stanislavski]]. Chekhov described the play as a [[comedy]], with some elements of [[farce]], though Stanislavski treated it as a [[tragedy]]. Since its first production, [[theatre director|directors]] have struggled with its dual nature. It is often identified as one of the four outstanding plays by Chekhov, along with ''[[The Seagull]]'', ''[[Three Sisters (play)|Three Sisters]]'', and ''[[Uncle Vanya]]''.<ref>Harold Bloom, ''Genius: A Study of One Hundred Exemplary Authors''.</ref>

The play revolves around an aristocratic Russian landowner who returns to her family [[estate (land)|estate]], which includes a large and well-known cherry orchard; she returns just before the estate is auctioned to pay the mortgage. Unresponsive to offers to save the estate, she allows its sale to the son of a former [[serf]], and the family departs to the sound of the cherry orchard being cut down. The story presents themes of cultural futility – the attempts of the [[aristocracy]] to maintain its status, and the attempts of the [[bourgeoisie]] to find meaning in its newfound materialism.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} The play dramatizes the socioeconomic forces in Russia at the turn of the 20th century; these forces include the rise of the [[middle class]] after the [[emancipation reform of 1861|abolition of serfdom]] in the mid-19th century, in addition to the decline in power of the aristocracy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Öğünç |first=Ömer |date=2017-03-20 |title=Anton Chekhov'un ''The Cherry Orchard'' ve John Osborne'un ''Look Back In Anger'' Oyunlarinda Sosyal Sinif Kavraminin Karşilaştirilmasi |journal=Karadeniz |doi=10.17498/kdeniz.297873 |issn=1308-6200 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Widely regarded as a classic of [[20th-century theatre]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cherry Orchard |url=https://smtd.umich.edu/programs/the-cherry-orchard/ |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance |language=en-US}}</ref> the play has been translated into many languages and produced around the world. Major [[theatre directors]] have staged it, including [[Charles Laughton]], [[Peter Brook]], [[Andrei Șerban]], [[Jean-Louis Barrault]], [[Tyrone Guthrie]], [[Katie Mitchell]], [[Robert Falls]], and [[Giorgio Strehler]]. The play has influenced many other playwrights, including [[Eugene O'Neill]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[David Mamet]], and [[Arthur Miller]].

==Characters==
''The Cherry Orchard'' involves a number of characters. In languages other than Russian, the spelling of their names depends on the [[transliteration]] used.
[[File:Stanislavski as Gaiev in Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Actor and director [[Konstantin Stanislavski]] as Leonid Gayev, c. 1922]]

=== Family ===

==== Madame Lyubov Andreievna Ranevskaya ====
A landowner. Ranyevskaya is the [[linchpin]] around which the other characters revolve. A commanding and popular figure, she represents the pride of the old aristocracy, now fallen on hard times. She has confused feelings of love for her old home and sorrow at the scene of her son's death; these give her an emotional depth that keeps her from devolving into a mere aristocratic grotesque. Most of her humor comes from an inability to understand financial or business matters.

==== Anya ====
Lyubov's daughter, aged seventeen. She journeys to Paris to rescue her mother from a desperate situation. She is a virtuous and strong. She is close to Trofimov and listens to his revolutionary ideas, although she may not be absorbing them.

==== Varya ====
Lyubov's adopted daughter, aged twenty-four. Varya manages the estate and keeps everything in order. She is the glue that holds the family together. The reason that Ranevskaya adopted her remains unclear, though she is said to have come from "simple people" (most likely [[serfs]]). Varya fantasizes about becoming a nun, though she lacks the financial means to do so. She adores her mother and sister, and she frets constantly about money. Her relationship with Lopakhin is mysterious; all characters in the play assume that these two are about to be married, but neither of them acts on it.

==== Leonid Andreieveitch Gayev ====
The brother of Madame Ranevskaya. One of the more obvious comic characters, Gayev is a talkative eccentric. His addiction to [[billiards]] (often appearing at times of discomfort) is symbolic of the aristocracy's decadent life of leisure, which renders them impotent in the face of change. Gayev tries hard to save his family and estate; ultimately, as an aristocrat, he either lacks sufficient drive or doesn't understand the real-world mechanisms needed to realize his goals.

==== Grisha ====
The son of Lyubov, drowned many years ago before her sojourn in Paris. She is reminded of his existence by the presence of Trofimov, who was his tutor.

=== Friends and associates ===

==== Peter Trofimov ====
A student and Anya's friend. Trofimov is depicted as an "eternal" student (in some translations, a "wandering" student). An impassioned left-wing political commentator, he represents the rising tide of reformist political opinion in Russia, which struggled to find its place in the authoritarian [[Czarist]] [[autocracy]].

==== Boris Borisovich Simeonov-Pishchik ====
A landowner and another old aristocrat whose estate has hit hard times. He is constantly discussing new business ventures that may save him, as well as badgering Ranyevskaya for a loan. His character embodies the irony of the aristocracy's position: despite his financial peril, he spends the play relaxing and socializing with the Gayevs.

==== Yermolai Alexeievitch Lopakhin ====
A merchant. Lopakhin is by far the wealthiest character in the play, but he comes from the lowest social class, since his father was a peasant and his grandfather was a serf. This contrast defines his character: he enjoys living the high life, but at the same time, he is uncomfortably conscious of his low beginnings and obsession with business. He is often portrayed on stage as an unpleasant character because of his greedy tendencies and ultimate betrayal of the Gayev family, but nothing in the play itself suggests this; he works strenuously to help the Gayevs, but to no avail. Lopakhin represents the new middle class in Russia, one of many threats to the old aristocratic way of life.

==== Charlotta Ivanovna ====
A governess. By far the most eccentric character, Charlotta is the only governess whom the Gayevs can afford, and she is a companion for Anya. She is a melancholy figure, raised by a German woman with no real knowledge of who her circus entertainer parents were. She performs card tricks and ventriloquism at the party in the play's third act, and she pragmatically accepts her loss of station when the family disbands.

=== Servants and dependents ===

==== Yepikhodov ====
A clerk. The Gayev's estate clerk is another source of comedy. He is unfortunate and clumsy in the extreme, earning him the insulting nickname "Twenty-Two Calamities", mostly invoked by Yasha. (The nickname varies among translations.) Yepikhodov considers himself to be in love with Dunyasha, whom he has asked to marry him.

==== Dunyasha ====
A housemaid. Like Lopakhin, she is another example of social mobility in Russia during this period. A peasant who is employed as the Gayev's chambermaid, Dunyasha is an attention seeker, making dramatic scenes and dressing as a lady to show off. She is in some respects representative of the aristocracy's impotence, since a chambermaid would not previously have had the freedom to dress like a lady and flirt with menservants. Although pursued romantically by Yepikhodov, she is in love with Yasha, attracted to the cultivation that he has acquired in Paris.

==== Firs ====
A manservant, aged 87. An aging eccentric, Firs considers the emancipation of the Russian serfs to be a disaster, and he speaks nostalgically of the old days when all serfs admired their masters and owners, such as Gayev's parents and grandparents. His senility is a source of much of the play's poignancy, symbolizing the decay of the old order into muttering madness.

==== Yasha ====
A young manservant, accompanying Lyubov on her way back from Paris and desperate to return. Yasha represents the new, disaffected Russian generation, who dislike the staid old ways and who will be the foot soldiers of the revolution. A rude, inconsiderate, and predatory young man, Yasha, like Dunyasha and Charlotta, is the best the Gayevs can afford. He toys with the girlish affections of Dunyasha, the maid.

=== Minor characters ===

==== A Stranger ====
A passer-by who encounters the Gayevs as they idle about on their estate during Act II. He is symbolic of the intrusion of new ideologies and social movements that infringed on the aristocracy's peace in Russia at the turn of the 20th century.

==== The Stationmaster and the Postmaster ====
Both officials attend the Gayevs' party in Act III. They play minor roles: the Stationmaster attempts to recite a poem, and the Postmaster flirts with Dunyasha. Nevertheless, they are primarily symbols of the decline of the aristocracy in 1900s Russia. Firs comments that although they once had barons and lords at the ball, now it is the postman and the stationmaster who attend, even if only to be polite.

==== Guests and miscellaneous figures ====
In addition to the characters named above, the minor characters include guests and miscellaneous figures.

==Plot==
===Act 1===
The play opens on a May day in the [[nursery (room)|nursery]] of Lyubov Andreyevna Ranevskaya's home in the provinces of Russia, at the start of the 20th century. Ranevskaya has been living in France since her young son drowned. After she tried to kill herself, Ranevskaya's 17-year-old daughter Anya and Anya's [[governess]] Charlotta Ivanovna have brought her home, accompanied by Yasha, Ranevskaya's valet. Upon returning, they are met by Lopakhin, Dunyasha, Varya (who has overseen the estate in Ranevskaya's absence), Ranevskaya's brother Gayev, Boris Simeonov-Pishchik, Semyon Yepikhodov, and Firs.

Lopakhin has come to remind Ranevskaya and Gayev that their estate, including the cherry orchard, will soon be auctioned to pay off the family's debts. Lopakhin proposes to save the estate by allowing part of it to be developed into summer cottages; however, this would require the destruction of the cherry orchard, which is nationally known for its size.

Ranevskaya is enjoying the view of the orchard as day breaks, when she is surprised by Peter Trofimov, a young student and former tutor of Ranevskaya's dead son, Grisha. Trofimov had insisted on seeing Ranevskaya upon her return, and she is grief-stricken at the reminder of this tragedy. After Ranevskaya retires for the evening, Anya confesses to Varya that their mother is heavily in debt. They retire for the night with the hope that the estate will be saved and the cherry orchard preserved. Trofimov gazes after the departing Anya in adoration.

===Act 2===
Act II takes place outdoors near the orchard. Yepikhodov and Yasha vie for Dunyasha's affection by singing and playing guitar, while Charlotta soliloquizes about her life. In Act I, it was revealed that Yepikhodov had proposed to Dunyasha at Easter; however, she has become infatuated with the more "cultured" Yasha. Charlotta departs so that Dunyasha and Yasha might have some time alone, but this is interrupted when they hear their employer coming. Yasha shoos Dunyasha away to avoid being caught; Ranevskaya, Gayev, and Lopakhin appear, once more discussing the uncertain fate of the cherry orchard. Soon Anya, Varya, and Trofimov arrive as well. Lopakhin teases Trofimov for being a perpetual student, and Trofimov espouses his philosophy of work and useful purpose, to the delight and humour of everyone around. During their conversations, a dishevelled beggar passes by; Ranevskaya gives him a gold coin (ten rubles), despite the protestations of Varya. Shaken by the disturbance, the family departs for dinner. Anya stays behind to talk with Trofimov, who disapproves of Varya, reassuring Anya that they are "above love". To impress Trofimov, Anya vows to leave the past behind and start a new life. The two depart for the river, as Varya calls in the background.

===Act 3===
At the end of August, Ranevskaya's party is held. Musicians play while the family and guests drink and entertain themselves. It is also the day of the auction. Gayev has received a meager sum of money from his and Ranevskaya's aunt; the family members, despite the general merriment around them, are anxious while they await news. Varya worries about paying the musicians and scolds their neighbor Pishchik for drinking, Dunyasha for dancing, and Yepikhodov for playing billiards. Charlotta performs magic tricks. Ranevskaya scolds Trofimov for his teasing of Varya, whom he refers to as "Madame Lopakhin". She then urges Varya to marry Lopakhin, but Varya demurs, reminding her that it is Lopakhin's duty to ask for her hand in marriage, not the other way around. She says that if she had money, she would move as far away as possible. Alone with Ranevskaya, Trofimov insists that she finally face the fact that the house and orchard will be sold at auction. Ranevskaya shows him a telegram she has received, and she reveals that her former lover is ill and has begged her to return to Paris. She is seriously considering this, despite his cruel behaviour toward her in the past. Trofimov is stunned at this revelation; they argue about the nature of love and their respective experiences. Trofimov leaves, but he falls down the stairs offstage and is carried in by the other people. Ranevskaya laughs and forgives him for his folly, and the two reconcile. Anya enters with a rumour that the estate has been sold. Lopakhin arrives with Gayev, both of them exhausted from the trip and the day's events. Gayev is distant, and he goes to bed without saying a word about the outcome of the auction. When Ranevskaya asks who bought the estate, Lopakhin reveals that he is the purchaser, and he intends to chop down the orchard. Ranevskaya, distraught, clings to Anya, who reassures her that the future has improved.

===Act 4===
Several weeks later, the family's belongings are being packed as the family prepares to leave the estate. Trofimov enters, and he and Lopakhin exchange conflicting world views. Lopakhin does not propose to Varya. Anya enters, and she reprimands Lopakhin for ordering his workers to begin chopping down the cherry orchard while the family is still there; Lopakhin apologises and rushes out to stop them for the time being, in hopes that he will somehow be reconciled with the family. Charlotta enters, lost and in a daze, and she insists that the family find her a new position. Ranevskaya bids her old life farewell and leaves as the house is shut up permanently. In the gloom, Firs wanders into the room; he discovers that the others have left without him and boarded him inside the abandoned house to die. He lies down and resigns himself to this fate. The sound of axes cutting down trees is heard offstage.

==Themes==
A major theme of the play is the impact of [[social change]]. On 19 February 1861, Russian Emperor [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]] [[Emancipation reform of 1861|emancipated the serfs]]; this allowed former serfs to gain wealth and status, while some aristocrats became impoverished, unable to tend their estates without the inexpensive labor of serfdom. The effect of these reforms was still being felt when Chekhov was writing forty years later.<ref>A general overview of these themes, among others, can be found in: Jean-Pierre Barricelli, ed., ''Chekhov's Great Plays: A Critical Anthology'' (New York, 1981), Richard Peace, ''Chekhov: A Study of the Four Major Plays'' (New Haven, 1983), Donald Rayfield,  ''Understanding Chekhov: A Critical Study of Chekhov's Prose and Drama''  (Madison, 1999).</ref>

Chekhov originally intended the play as a comedy. (The title page of the work refers to it as such.) In letters, he noted that it is almost farcical in certain places.<ref>Hirst, David L. ''Tragicomedy: Variations of melodrama: Chekhov and Shaw''. London: Routledge, 1984, 83</ref> When he saw the original [[Moscow Art Theatre]] production directed by [[Konstantin Stanislavski]], Chekov was horrified to find that the director had shaped the play into a tragedy. Since that time, directors have struggled with the dual nature of this play (and of Chekhov's works in general).{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

Ranevskaya fails to address the problems facing her estate and family; this means that she eventually loses almost everything, and her fate can be seen as a criticism of those people who are unwilling to adapt to the new Russia. Her petulant refusal to accept the truth of her past, in both life and love, is her downfall throughout the play. She ultimately runs between her lives in Paris and Russia – she arrives from Paris at the start of the play, and she returns there afterwards. She lives in an illusion of the past, often reliving memories about her son's death (and so on). The student Trofimov's speeches attacked intellectuals; these speeches were later seen as early manifestations of [[Bolshevik]] ideas, and his lines were often censored by [[Tsar]]ist officials. Cherry trees themselves are often seen as symbols of sadness or regret about the passing of a certain situation or of the times in general.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

The idea of independence (or freedom) is relevant to the positions of Firs and Lopakhin. Firs has been with the estate for decades, and he has only experienced service to his masters. When the news arrives about the orchard being sold, Firs seems unfazed and continues to carry out his duties, but he is unable to find his independence; Lopakhin is able to "free" himself, in the sense that he finds motivation to continue. Even though the two characters are opposites on the social ladder, they both face internal struggles about their future lives after the orchard is chopped down.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gradesaver.com/the-cherry-orchard/study-guide/themes|title=The Cherry Orchard Themes {{!}} GradeSaver|last=GradeSaver|website=www.gradesaver.com|language=en|access-date=2020-03-02}}</ref>

==Production history==
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2024}}

=== Initial 1904 production ===
{{Quote box
| quote = "Anya, I fear, should not have any sort of tearful tone ... Not once does my Anya cry, and nowhere do I speak of a tearful tone; in the second act, there are tears in their eyes, but the tone is happy and lively. Why did you speak in your telegram about so many tears in my play? Where are they? ... Often you will find the words "through tears," but I am describing only the expression on their faces, not tears. And in the second act there is no graveyard."
| author = Chekov
| source = in a letter expressing his disdain for Stanislavski's production
| align = right
| width = 33%
}}
''The Cherry Orchard'' opened at the [[Moscow Art Theatre]] on 17 January 1904, the birthday of actor-director [[Konstantin Stanislavski]]. During the rehearsal period, Stanislavski – famously contrary to Chekhov's wishes – restructured Act 2 into a tragedy. Chekhov intensely disliked the Stanislavski production, openly declaring that Stanislavski had "ruined" his play.<ref>Gregory Stroud, ''Retrospective Revolution: A History of Time and Memory in Urban Russia, 1903–1923'' (Urbana-Champaign, 2006), 63–4.</ref> Chekhov's wife [[Olga Knipper]] played Madame Ranevskaya in the original production, as well as the 300th production by the theatre in 1943.

Despite opening to mixed critical response, the debut was a resounding theatrical success. Productions opened almost immediately in many of Russia's important provincial cities, and the play soon received great acclaim abroad.{{Where|date=June 2025}} Shortly after the play's debut, Chekhov departed for Germany because of worsening health, where he died by July 1904.

During pre-revolutionary performances{{When|date=June 2025}} at [[Sofia Panina]]'s [[Ligovsky People's House|People's House]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], the modest and newly urbanized audiences reportedly cheered as the eponymous orchard was felled on stage.<ref>Richard Stites, ''Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution'' (New York, 1989), 63.</ref>

=== 20th century ===

==== 1900-1949 ====
*''1911'': The first performance in English was given on 28 May 1911 by the [[Stage Society]] at the [[Aldwych Theatre]], London, in a translation by [[Constance Garnett]]. The director was [[Kenelm Foss]], and the cast included [[Edmund Breon]] (Yasha), [[Herbert Bunston]] (Lopakhin), [[Franklin Dyall]] (Gaev), [[Mary Jerrold]] (Varya), [[Nigel Playfair]] (Simeonov-Pishchik), and [[Harcourt Williams]] (Trofimov).<ref>"The Stage Society", ''The Stage'', 1 June 1911, p. 22</ref>
*''1922-24'': The Moscow Art company took the play to Paris in 1922 and to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 1923–24.<ref>Barda and Benoît, p. 6</ref> The author's widow, Olga Knipper-Tchekhova, played Ranevskaya; Stanislavski played Gaev.<ref>"Moscow Art Players", ''Times Union'', 9 May 1924, p. 14</ref>
*''1925'': A production by [[J. B. Fagan]], first seen at the [[Oxford Playhouse]], was transferred to the [[Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith]].<ref>Farjeon, Herbert. "The Cherry Orchard in Hammersmith", ''The Sphere'', 6 June 1925, p. 298</ref> It was then transferred to the [[Royalty Theatre]], London, where it ran for more than 120 performances.<ref>"The Cherry Orchard", ''Oxford Chronicle'', 18 September 1925, p. 12</ref> Among the cast were the young [[John Gielgud]] as Trofimov; [[Glen Byam Shaw]] as Yasha; and [[O. B. Clarence]] and later [[Richard Goolden]] as Firs.<ref>"The Playhouse", ''Oxford Chronicle'', 22 May 1925, p. 13</ref>
*''1928'': Fagan took his production to Broadway in 1928 – the first production in English in the US. It opened at the [[Bijou Theatre (Manhattan, 1917)|Bijou Theatre]] in March for a limited season of matinees.<ref>"The Cherry Orchard", ''The Brooklyn Daily Times'', 6 March 1928, p. 86</ref>
*''1933'': [[Tyrone Guthrie]]'s production at the [[the Old Vic|Old Vic]] in October 1933, using [[Hubert Butler]]'s new, colloquial translation, emphasized the comic aspects of the play.<ref name="tg" /> The cast was headed by [[Athene Seyler]] as Ranevskaya, with [[Ursula Jeans]] (Anya), [[Charles Laughton]] (Lopakhin), [[Roger Livesey]] (Simeonov-Pishchik), [[Leon Quartermaine]] (Gaev), and [[Flora Robson]] (Varya).<ref name="tg">"The Old Vic", ''The Stage'', 12 October 1933, p. 10</ref>

==== 1950-1999 ====
*''1961'': The first production of ''The Cherry Orchard'' by the [[Royal Shakespeare Company]] (RSC) was in December 1961 at the [[Royal Shakespeare Theatre]], later being transferred to the Aldwych. [[Michel Saint-Denis]] directed Gielgud's translation of the play, with a cast including [[Peggy Ashcroft]] (Ranevskaya), Gielgud (Gaev), [[Dorothy Tutin]] (Varya), [[Judi Dench]] (Anya), [[Paul Hardwick]] (Simeonov-Pishchik), [[Ian Holm]] (Trofimov), [[Patrick Wymark]] (Yepikhodov), and [[Roy Dotrice]] (Firs).<ref>[https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/che196112/view_as/grid/search/everywhere:cherry-orchard-63144/page/1 "The Cherry Orchard"], Royal Shakespeare Company archive. Retrieved 20 December 2024</ref>
* ''1965, 1987, and 1998'': The [[Stratford Festival production history|Stratford Festival]] of Canada mounted productions in 1965, 1987, and 1998. The 1965 production was the first time that a Chekhov play had been performed there. Furthermore, ''The Cherry Orchard'' marked the Stratford directorial debut of [[John Hirsch]]. Three of the original Stratford company members were in the cast: [[William Hutt (actor)|William Hutt]] as Gaev, [[Douglas Campbell (actor)|Douglas Campbell]] as Lopakhin, and [[William Needles]] as Yepihodov. The cast featured [[Frances Hyland]] as Varya, [[Kate Reid]] as Ranevskaya, and [[Martha Henry]] as Dunyasha, [[Powys Thomas]] as Fiers, [[Mervyn Blake]] as Pishtchik, and [[Bruno Gerussi]] as Yasha.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sperdakos |first=Paula |date=1998-01-01 |title=Acting in Canada: Frances Hyland, Kate Reid, Martha Henry and the Stratford Festival's 1965 The Cherry Orchard |url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/TRIC/article/view/7117 |journal=Theatre Research in Canada / Recherches théâtrales au Canada |language=en-US |volume=19 |issue=1 |doi=10.3138/tric.19.1.35 |issn=1913-9101|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*''1973'': The first production of ''The Cherry Orchard'' by the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]] in London was at the [[the Old Vic|Old Vic]] in May 1973, using a translation by [[Ronald Hingley]]. The director was [[Michael Blakemore]]; the cast included [[Constance Cummings]] (Ranevskaya), [[Michael Hordern]] (Gaev), and [[Denis Quilley]] (Lopakhin).<ref>[https://catalogue.nationaltheatre.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Performance&id=303&pos=5 "The Cherry Orchard"], National Theatre archive. Retrieved 20 December 2024</ref>
* ''1977'': A production opened at [[Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts]] in 1977.<ref>[http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=4009 "'The Cherry Orchard' Listing"] ibdb, Retrieved 18 November 2011</ref> It starred [[Irene Worth]] as Ranevskaya, [[Raul Julia]] as Lopakhin, [[Mary Beth Hurt]] as Anya, and [[Meryl Streep]] as Dunyasha. The production was directed by [[Andrei Serban|Andrei Șerban]], and it featured [[Tony Award for Best Costume Design|Tony Award]]–winning costumes and set by [[Santo Loquasto]].
* ''1978'': A production appeared at the National Theatre in London in 1978.<ref>[https://catalogue.nationaltheatre.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Performance&id=382&pos=3 "The Cherry Orchard"], National Theatre archive. Retrieved 20 December 2024</ref> It was directed by [[Peter Hall (theatre director)|Peter Hall]] and translated by [[Michael Frayn]]; it starred [[Dorothy Tutin]] as Ranevskaya, [[Robert Stephens]] as Gaev, [[Albert Finney]] as Lopakhin, [[Terence Rigby]] as Simeonov-Pishchik, [[Ben Kingsley]] as Trofimov, and [[Ralph Richardson]] (later [[Robin Bailey]]) as Firs. Also in 1978, a minimalist production opened at the Riverside Studios in London.<ref name="miles">Miles, p. 247</ref> It was directed by [[Peter Gill (playwright)|Peter Gill]], with a cast including [[Judy Parfitt]] as Ranevskaya, [[Stephen Rea]] as Trofimov, and [[Julie Covington]] as Varya.
* ''1981'': In 1981, [[Peter Brook]] mounted a production in French ''(''titled ''La Cérisaie)'' with an international cast including Brook's wife Natasha Parry as Ranevskaya, Niels Arestrup as Lopakhin, and [[Michel Piccoli]] as Gayev. The production was remounted at the [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]] in 1988, after tours through Africa and the Middle East.<ref>Gottlieb, p. 255</ref>
*''1985'': [[Mike Alfreds]] was both translator and director for a production at the National Theatre in December 1985. The cast included [[Sheila Hancock]] (Ranyevskaya), [[Edward Petherbridge]] (Gaev), [[Ian McKellen]] (Lopakhin), [[Eleanor Bron]] (Varya), [[Roy Kinnear]] (Simeonov-Pishchik), and [[Hugh Lloyd]] (Firs).<ref>[https://catalogue.nationaltheatre.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Performance&id=738&pos=1 "The Cherry Orchard"], National Theatre archive. Retrieved 20 December 2024</ref>
* ''1987 and 1998'': The Stratford Festival's 1987 production also used the [[Trevor Griffiths]] text, and it subtly shifted the play's emphasis from Madame Ranyevskaya's economic demise to the ascent of Lopakhin. [[James Blendick]] as Lopakhin was praised for his skilful man-on-the-rise performance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1987-07-23 |title=Ontario's Stratford Festival: Shakespeare has to settle for supporting role |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1987/0723/lstrat.html |access-date=2018-10-23 |work=Christian Science Monitor |issn=0882-7729}}</ref> The 1998 festival production, directed by [[Diana Leblanc]], was based on a new translation by [[John Murrell (playwright)|John Murell]]. Among its cast were [[Martha Henry]] as Ranevskaya and [[Stephen Russell]] as Leonid. ''Variety'' commented that "Leblanc has ... remembered that this is a tragicomedy ... avoided the obvious and encouraged her actors to find humor rather than high drama. It works beautifully because there is drama aplenty in merely playing these characters with integrity."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedlander |first=Mira |date=1998-09-14 |title=The Cherry Orchard |url=https://variety.com/1998/legit/reviews/the-cherry-orchard-5-1200455201/ |access-date=2018-10-23 |work=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''1991'': A Welsh language version, ''Y Gelli Geirios'', was translated by [[W. Gareth Jones]]; it was first performed on 19 February 1991 by Cwmni Theatr Gwynedd in Theatr Gwynedd, [[Bangor, Gwynedd|Bangor]].<ref>Tshechof, Anton, (cyf. W. Gareth Jones) ''Y Gelli Geirios'', (Aberystwyth, Y Ganolfan Astudiaethau Addysg, Prifysgol Aberystwyth, 2007), t.ii.</ref>
*''1995'': The RSC's second production of the play was staged in July 1995 at the [[Swan Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon]]—and later at the [[Noël Coward Theatre|Albery Theatre]], London—using the translation by Gill. [[Adrian Noble]] directed a cast including [[Penelope Wilton]] (Ranevskaya), [[Alec McCowen]] (Gaev), [[David Troughton]] (Lopakhin), and [[Peter Copley]] (Firs).<ref>[https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/search/rsc-performances/che199611/view_as/grid/search/everywhere:cherry-orchard-63144/page/1 "The Cherry Orchard"], Royal Shakespeare Company archive. Retrieved 20 December 2024</ref>

=== 21st century ===

==== 2000-2009 ====
* ''2005'': The [[Steppenwolf Theatre Company]] (Chicago) performed a version that was translated by its Associate Artistic Director, [[Curt Columbus]], and directed by ensemble member [[Tina Landau]]. The play premiered on 4 November 2004 and ran until 5 March 2005 at the Upstairs Theatre. Appearing in the performance were [[Robert Breuler]], [[Francis Guinan]], [[Amy Morton]], Yasen Peyankov, [[Rondi Reed]], Anne Adams, Guy Adkins, Chaon Cross, Leonard Kraft, Julian Martinez, Ned Noyes, Elizabeth Rich, Ben Viccellio, and Chris Yonan.<ref>Phillips, Michael.[http://leisureblogs.chicagotribune.com/the_theater_loop/2004/11/-steppenwolfs-capable-production-of-chekhovs-cherry-orchard-takes-flight-in-brief-discrete-moments.html "Steppenwolf's capable production of Chekhov's 'Cherry Orchard' takes flight in brief, discrete moments"] ''Chicago Tribune'', 14 November 2005</ref>
* ''2005'': In 2005, the [[Atlantic Theatre Company]] (New York City) produced a new adaptation of ''The Cherry Orchard'' by Tom Donaghy, where much more of the comedy was present as the playwright had originally intended.<ref>McCarter, Jeremy.[http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/theater/reviews/12048/ "Theater Review: 'The Cherry Orchard'"] ''New York Magazine'', 18 June 2005</ref>
* ''2006'': A production of the play starring [[Annette Bening]] as Ranevskaya and [[Alfred Molina]] as Lopakhin, translated by Martin Sherman and directed by [[Sean Mathias]], opened at the [[Mark Taper Forum]] in Los Angeles in February 2006.<ref>Hernandez, Ernio.[http://www.playbill.com/news/article/97704-Annette-Bening-and-Alfred-Molina-Roam-into-The-Cherry-Orchard-in-LA "Annette Bening and Alfred Molina Roam into The Cherry Orchard in L.A"] playbill.com, 2 February 2006</ref>
* ''2007'': The [[Huntington Theatre Company]] at [[Boston University]] produced a version in January 2007 using [[Richard Nelson (playwright)|Richard Nelson]]'s translation; it was directed by [[Nicholas Martin (director)|Nicholas Martin]], with [[Kate Burton (actress)|Kate Burton]] as Madame Ranevskaya, [[Joyce Van Patten]] as Charlotta Ivanovna, and [[Dick Latessa]] as Firs.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 December 2007 |title=BU – CFA – School of Theatre – Huntington Theatre Company |url=http://www.bu.edu/cfa/theatre/huntington.htm |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227030833/http://www.bu.edu/cfa/theatre/huntington.htm |archive-date=27 December 2007}}</ref><ref>Giuliano, Charles.[http://berkshirefinearts.com/01-11-2007_huntington-theatre-s-the-cherry-orchard.htm "Huntington Theatre's 'The Cherry Orchard'] berkshirefinearts.com, 11 January 2007</ref>
* ''2007'': [[Libby Appel]] adapted and directed the play in 2007 for her farewell season as artistic director of the [[Oregon Shakespeare Festival]] (Ashland, Oregon). The new translation, based on an original literal translation by Allison Horsley, is considered to be "strongly Americanized".<ref>Richter, Judy.[http://www.aislesay.com/SF-OREGON-2007-1.html "Oregon Shakespeare Festival: 'The Cherry Orchard'"] aislesay.com, accessed 19 November 2011</ref>
* ''2008'': A version of the play was performed as the opening production on the [[Chichester Festival Theatre]] Stage in May–June 2008; the cast included Dame [[Diana Rigg]], Frank Finlay, Natalie Cassidy, [[Jemma Redgrave]], and [[Maureen Lipman]].<ref>Billington, Michael.[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/may/26/theatre1 "Theatre Review, 'The Cherry Orchard'"]''The Guardian'', 25 May 2008</ref>
* ''2009'': In 2009, a new version of the play by [[Tom Stoppard]] was performed as the first production of The Bridge Project, a partnership between North American and UK theatres. The play ran at the [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]]. [[Sam Mendes]] directed the production with a cast including [[Simon Russell Beale]], [[Sinéad Cusack]], [[Richard Easton]], [[Rebecca Hall]], and [[Ethan Hawke]].<ref>Brantley, Ben.[http://theater.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/theater/reviews/16orch.html?pagewanted=all "Theater Review, 'The Chery Orchard'"]''The New York Times'', 16 January 2009</ref>
* ''2009'': A completely new adaptation of the play was produced by the Blackeyed Theatre in spring 2009 as a UK tour, with a cast of four actors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blackeyed Theatre – Home |url=http://www.blackeyedtheatre.co.uk}}</ref>

==== 2010-2019 ====
* ''2010'': A new adaptation was commissioned by the Brighton Festival and performed by the [[Dreamthinkspeak]] group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Before I Sleep |url=http://www.dreamthinkspeak.com/sleep.htm |access-date=2011-02-23 |publisher=dreamthinkspeak |archive-date=2010-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530051628/http://www.dreamthinkspeak.com/sleep.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> They renovated the old Co-op department store on London Road using the entire store as a stage. They retitled the play to ''Before I Sleep'' and stated that the new title was inspired by the original play. The production received positive reviews from ''The Guardian'' and ''The Independent'' newspapers.<ref>{{cite news |author=Brian Logan |date=17 May 2010 |title=Before I Sleep |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2010/may/07/before-i-sleep-review |access-date=23 February 2011 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2010-05-09 |title=Before I Sleep, Old Co-op Building, BrightonEurydice, Maria, Young Vic, LondonMacbeth, Globe, London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/before-i-sleep-old-coop-building-brightonbreurydice-maria-young-vic-londonbrmacbeth-globe-london-1968908.html |access-date=2011-02-23 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>
* ''2010'': In April 2010, at the [[Royal Lyceum Theatre]] in Edinburgh, the Scottish playwright [[John Byrne (Scottish playwright)|John Byrne]] staged a new version of the play; it was staged as a Scottish 'social comedy', taking place in 1979 Scotland.<ref>Dibdin, Thom.[http://www.thestage.co.uk/reviews/review.php/27921/the-cherry-orchard "Review, 'The Cherry Orchard' "]''The Stage'', 19 April 2010</ref>
* ''2011'': The National Theatre in London staged a new version starring [[Zoë Wanamaker]] from May to August 2011, reuniting director [[Howard Davies (director)|Howard Davies]] with writer [[Andrew Upton]];<ref>Wolf, Matt.[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/01/arts/01iht-LON01.html?pagewanted=all "Chekhov's Villain Gives an Audience Someone to Root For"]''The New York Times'', 31 May 2011</ref> the production was also shown at cinemas internationally through [[National Theatre Live]].<ref>[http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/64329/productions/the-cherry-orchard.html "National Theatre Live, 'The Cherry Orchard'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101045651/http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/64329/productions/the-cherry-orchard.html|date=2012-01-01}} nationaltheatre.org.uk. Retrieved 19 November 2011</ref>
* ''2012'': The Theatre Workshop of Nantucket staged a new adaptation and translation that was set on Nantucket, Massachusetts, in 1972. The play premiered on 14 September 2012. It was directed by Anne Breeding and Gregory Stroud, and it was translated and adapted by Gregory Stroud.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taking Nantucket To Chekhov |url=http://www.nantucketchronicle.com/nantucket-arts-entertainment/2012/taking-nantucket-chekhov }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
* ''2013'': The Stage Center Theatre at [[Northeastern Illinois University]] (Chicago) presented a new version, adapted and directed by Dan Wirth, in October 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cherry Orachard (includes director's notes on the play, production still photographs, and related information |url=http://orion.neiu.edu/~stagectr/CherryOrchard/CherryOrchard.html |access-date=30 October 2013 |website=orion.neiu.edu |archive-date=2 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102041448/http://orion.neiu.edu/~stagectr/CherryOrchard/CherryOrchard.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* ''2014'': PK Productions premiered a new version in November 2014 at the [[New Wimbledon Theatre]].<ref>{{cite web |date=13 August 2014 |title=Radical new adaptation of The Cherry Orchard: Britain 1976 |url=http://www.londontheatre1.com/index.php/93981/radical-new-adaptation-cherry-orchard-britain-1976/}}</ref> Adapted by director [[Patrick Kennedy (Director)|Patrick Kennedy]], the production updates the setting to London in 1976.<ref>{{cite web |author=BWW News Desk |title=PK Productions to Stage New Adaptation of THE CHERRY ORCHARD, 3–8 November |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/ireland/article/PK-Productions-to-Stage-New-Adaptation-of-THE-CHERRY-ORCHARD-3-8-November-20140813}}</ref>
* ''2016'': Clemence Williams directed the [[New Theatre (Newtown)|New Theatre]] (Sydney, Australia) in a production of [[David Mamet]]'s adaptation; the production ran from 26 April through 28 May 2016, with an original musical score by Eliza Scott.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 May 2017 |title=THE CHERRY ORCHARD – New Theatre Sydney |url=http://newtheatre.org.au/season-2016/the-cherry-orchard/}}</ref>
* ''2016'': [[Roundabout Theatre Company]] presented a new adaptation by [[Stephen Karam]] on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] at the [[American Airlines Theatre]], starring [[Diane Lane]] as Ranevskaya. Previews began on 15 September 2016, with opening night on 16 October. The production was directed by [[Simon Godwin]], with scenic design by [[Scott Pask]], costume design by Michael Krass, lighting design by [[Donald Holder]], sound design by Christopher Cronin, movement by Jonathan Goddard, and original music by [[Nico Muhly]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cherry Orchard |url=http://www.roundabouttheatre.org/Shows-Events/The-Cherry-Orchard.aspx |access-date=2016-07-14 |website=Roundabout Theatre Company}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Viagas |first=Robert |date=16 October 2016 |title=See What the Critics Said About 'The Cherry Orchard' on Broadway |url=http://www.playbill.com/article/see-what-the-critics-said-about-the-cherry-orchard-on-broadway# |work=Playbill}}</ref>
* ''2018'': During its 2018 season, the [[Shaw Festival production history|Shaw Festival]] in [[Niagara-on-the-Lake|Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario]], presented a world premiere of ''The Orchard'' (after Chekov).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shaw Festival's Chekhov-inspired familial tale builds a legacy of its own {{!}} The Star |url=https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/stage/review/2018/06/22/shaw-festivals-chekhov-inspired-familial-tale-builds-a-legacy-of-its-own.html |access-date=2018-10-31 |work=thestar.com |language=en}}</ref> Described as ''The Cherry Orchard'' transformed into the tale of a Punjabi-Sikh family fighting to hold onto their Okanagan Valley orchard, this version is based on the author [[Sarena Parmar]]'s childhood in British Columbia. The playbill notes that "This fresh adaptation confronts life, loss and the Canadian immigrant experience with both bravery and beauty..."<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Orchard (After Chekhov) – Shaw Festival Theatre |url=https://www.shawfest.com/playbill/the-orchard-after-chekhov/ |access-date=2018-10-31 |work=Shaw Festival Theatre |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029123829/http://www.shawfest.com/playbill/the-orchard-after-chekhov/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==== 2020-present ====
* ''2020'': The Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre was scheduled to present its adaptation of the play with the Cherry Orchard Festival at the [[New York City Center]] in June 2020. Directed by Vladimir Mirzoev and starring Victoria Isakova, Aleksander Petrov, Mikhail Zhigalov, and Maxim Vitorgan, the production was described as "Visually striking, psychologically nuanced and hypnotically performed Russian staging of Chekhov's play".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cherry Orchard |url=https://www.nycitycenter.org/pdps/2019-2020/the-cherry-orchard/ |access-date=2 March 2020 |website=NYCityCenter}}</ref> The performances were cancelled because of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cherry Orchard |url=https://www.nycitycenter.org/pdps/2019-2020/the-cherry-orchard1/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=www.nycitycenter.org |language=en}}</ref>
* ''2022'': An English language adaptation by [[Vinay Patel]], in a science fiction setting, was performed at [[The Yard Theatre]] in London in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cherry Orchard |url=https://theyardtheatre.co.uk/theatre/events/the-cherry-orchard/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827160728/https://theyardtheatre.co.uk/theatre/events/the-cherry-orchard/ |archive-date=2022-08-27 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=theyardtheatre.co.uk}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==

=== Television ===

* ''1959'': A television version was broadcast as part of the syndicated ''[[The Play of the Week]]'' television series in 1959; it featured [[Helen Hayes]] as Ranevskaya and [[Susan Strasberg]] as Anya, and it was directed by [[Daniel Petrie]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* ''1962'': A Royal Shakespeare Company / BBC Television version in 1962 was directed by [[Michael Elliott (director)|Michael Elliott]] from a [[Michel Saint-Denis]] stage production. This version featured [[Peggy Ashcroft]] as Ranevskaya, [[Ian Holm]] as Trofimov, [[John Gielgud]] as Gayev, [[Judi Dench]] as Anya, [[Dorothy Tutin]] as Varya, and [[Patsy Byrne]] as Dunyasha.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} It has been released on DVD by [[BBC Worldwide]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
* ''1981'': In 1981, the [[BBC]] produced a version for British television; it was written by [[Trevor Griffiths]] from a translation by [[Helen Rappaport]] and directed by [[Richard Eyre]]. Rather than reprising her 1962 BBC role as daughter Anya, Judi Dench here played the mother Ranevskaya to [[Bill Paterson (actor)|Bill Paterson]]'s Lopakhin, with [[Anton Lesser]] as Trofimov, [[Frederick Treves (actor)|Frederick Treves]] as Gayev, [[Anna Massey]] as Charlotta, and a 24-year-old [[Timothy Spall]] as Yepikhodov.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

=== Film ===

* ''1999'': A [[The Cherry Orchard (1999 film)|film version]] directed by [[Michael Cacoyannis]] appeared in 1999; it starred [[Charlotte Rampling]] as Ranevskaya, [[Alan Bates]] as Gayev, Owen Teale as Lopakhin, [[Melanie Lynskey]] as Dunyasha, and [[Gerard Butler]] as Yasha.
* ''2002'': An [[L.A. Theatre Works]] recorded version of the play was produced in 2002; it starred Marsha Mason, [[Charles Durning]], Hector Elizondo, and Jennifer Tilly. Other actors in the cast were Jordan Baker, Jon Chardiet, Michael Cristofer, Tim DeKay, Jeffrey Jones, Christy Keef, Amy Pietz, and Joey Slotnick.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LA Theater Works |url=https://latw.org/title/cherry-orchard| access-date=2025-05-04|website=latw.org}}</ref>
* ''2002'': In 2002, [[Wekande Walauwa]]—a Sinhalese film adapted to the Sri Lankan family context—was directed by the prominent Sri Lankan director [[Lester James Peries]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Times |url=https://www.sundaytimes.lk/030427/tv/1.html#1 |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=www.sundaytimes.lk}}</ref>

=== Other media ===

* ''2018'': A new radio version was produced for BBC's ''Drama on 3'' programme by Katherine Tozer and composer John Chambers; it first aired on 18 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 3 - Drama on 3, The Cherry Orchard |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00016sw |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* ''2020'': An English-language adaptation as a [[visual novel]], produced by Manuela Malasaña, was released in November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/1109490/The_Cherry_Orchard/|title=The Cherry Orchard|website=Steam|access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref>
* ''2022'': In 2022, a high-tech adaptation titled ''The Orchard'' was presented at the [[Baryshnikov Arts Center]], featuring [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]] and [[Jessica Hecht]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jerylbrunner/2022/06/23/working-in-this-cutting-edge-fifth-dimension-of-theater-jessica-hecht-discovered-unexpected-magic/|title=Working in this cutting edge fifth dimension of theater Jessica Hecht discovered unexpected magic|author=Brunner, Jeryl|date=June 23, 2022|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Cherry Orchard Chekhov Gymnasium.jpg|thumb|''The Cherry Orchard'' memorabilia at the [[Chekhov Gymnasium]] literary museum.]]

The Japanese manga ''[[Sakura no Sono]]'' (1985–1986), along with its live-action film adaptations, centers on a drama group at a girls-only private high school who stage a production of ''The Cherry Orchard''.

''The Cherry Orchard'' is featured in the comedy film ''[[Henry's Crime]]'' (2011).

==Editions==
===English translations===
*{{cite book |last=Chekhov |first=Anton |chapter=''The Cherry Orchard'' |others=David Magarshack (translation) |title=Modern and Contemporary Drama |editor1-first=Miriam |editor1-last=Gilbert |editor2-first=Carl H. |editor2-last=Klaus |editor3-first=Bradford S. |editor3-last=Field, Jr. |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |date=1994 |isbn=0-312-09077-3}}
*{{cite book |last=Chekhov |first=Anton |title=The Cherry Orchard |others=Stephen Mulrine (translation) |location=London |publisher=[[Nick Hern Books]] |date=1998 |isbn=978-1-85459-412-9}}
*{{cite book |title=The Cherry Orchard |last=Chekhov |first=Anton |others=[[Richard Pevear]] and Larissa Volokhonsky (translation) |publisher=Theatre Communications Group |location=New York |date=2015 |isbn=9781559364843}}
*{{cite book |title=The Cherry Orchard |last=Chekhov |first=Anton |others=[[Stephen Karam]] and Alison Horsley (translation) |publisher=Theatre Communications Group |location=New York |date=2016 |isbn=9781559365512 |oclc=1013526785}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book | last= Barda |language=French| first= Any | author2= Annick Benoît| chapter=La Cerisaie d'hier | title=La cerisaie: texte intégral|year= 1991| location=Paris | publisher=Hachette |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lacerisaie0000anni/page/6/mode/2up |chapter-url-access = registration| oclc=1009553062 }}
* {{cite book |last=Gottlieb |first=Vera |title=The Cambridge Companion to Chekhov |date=4 November 2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-58917-7|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_q8r8 | url-access = registration|location=Cambridge}}
* {{cite book | last= Miles | first= Patrick | title=Chekhov on the British Stage| year= 1993| location=Cambridge | publisher= Cambridge University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/chekhovonbritish0000unse |url-access = registration| isbn= 0-521-38467-2}}

==External links==
{{wikisource}}
{{commons category}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/anton-chekhov/the-cherry-orchard/constance-garnett}}
* {{gutenberg book|no=7986}}
* {{librivox book | title=The Cherry Orchard | author=Anton CHEKHOV}}
* [http://ilibrary.ru/text/472/ Full text of ''The Cherry Orchard''] {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://www.shmoop.com/cherry-orchard/ ''The Cherry Orchard''] study guide, themes, quotes, teacher resources


{{Chekhov}}
{{The Cherry Orchard}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cherry Orchard}}
[[Category:Russian plays]]
[[Category:Plays by Anton Chekhov|Cherry Orchard, The]]
[[Category:Tragicomedy plays]]
[[Category:1904 plays]]