View source for The Evening and the Morning Star

{{about|the newspaper|the astronomical phenomenon|Venus (planet)}}
{{distinguish|Evening Star (disambiguation){{!}}Evening Star|Morning Star (disambiguation){{!}}Morning Star}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name                 = The Evening and the Morning Star
| school               =
| logo                 = 
| logo_size            = 
| logo_alt             = 
| image                = Eveningandmorning.jpg
| image_size           = 
| image_alt            = 
| caption              = 
| motto                = 
| type                 = Monthly newspaper
| format               = [[Broadsheet]]
| owner                = <!-- or |owners= -->
| founder              = [[W. W. Phelps (Mormon)|W. W. Phelps]]
| publisher            = 
| president            = 
| editor               = 
| chief_editor         = 
| deputy_editor        = 
| associate_editor     = 
| managing_editor      = 
| general_manager      = 
| staff_writers        = 
| language             = [[English language|English]]
| launched             = {{Start date|1832|06|}}
| political_position   = 
| relaunched           = 
| ceased_publication   = {{End date|1834|09|}}
| headquarters         = 
| circulation          = 
| circulation_date     = 
| circulation_ref      = 
| readership           = 
| sister_newspapers    = 
| ISSN                 = 
| oclc                 = 
| RNI                  = 
| website              = 
| free                 = 
| director_interactive = 
| publishing_country   = [[United States]]
| publishing_city      = [[Independence, Missouri]], [[Kirtland, Ohio]] 
}}

'''''The Evening and the Morning Star''''' was an early [[Latter Day Saint movement]] newspaper published monthly in [[Independence, Missouri]], from June 1832 to July 1833, and then in [[Kirtland, Ohio]], from December 1833 to September 1834. Reprints of edited versions of the original issues were also published in Kirtland under the title '''''Evening and Morning Star'''''.

==Printing in Missouri==
''The Evening and the Morning Star'' was the first Latter Day Saint newspaper. It was initially published in the printing office of [[W. W. Phelps (Mormon)|W. W. Phelps]] in Independence, Missouri. The first issue was printed in June 1832 as volume 1 number 1. Printing continued until the office was destroyed by a mob on 20 July 1833, in response to [[Temple Lot#Eviction from Jackson County|an article]] published in ''The Evening and the Morning Star'' about U.S. and Missouri laws regarding [[slavery]], [[African-American]]s, and [[mulatto|mixed-raced]] Americans.<ref>"[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/5919/show/5850  Free People of Color]," ''The Evening and the Morning Star'', July 1833, p. 109.</ref> According to a letter written by [[John Whitmer]] and Phelps, [[proslavery]] Missourians responded with an outraged manifesto, in which Mormons were decried as ''"...deluded fanatics, or weak and designing knaves..."'' and so forth.<ref>[https://www.josephsmithpapers.org/paper-summary/letter-from-john-whitmer-29-july-1833/1  Letter from John Whitmer and William W. Phelps, 29 July 1833], The Joseph Smith Papers, accessed 1 February 2012.</ref>  The mob destroyed Phelps's printing office and numerous incomplete copies of the ''[[Book of Commandments]]''. Volume 2 number 14 was the last issue of the newspaper published in Missouri.

==Printing resumed in Ohio==
After the Latter Day Saints were expelled from [[Jackson County, Missouri]] in late 1833, printing of ''The Evening and the Morning Star'' temporarily resumed in [[Kirtland, Ohio]], in a printing shop owned by [[Frederick G. Williams]]. The editor in Kirtland was [[Oliver Cowdery]] and the plan was to eventually replace the Missouri paper with one unique to Ohio. The last issue of the newspaper was September 1834, volume 2 number 24. In it Cowdery wrote, "As ''The Evening and the Morning Star'' was designed to be published at Missouri, it was considered that another name would be more appropriate for a paper in this place [Kirtland]; consequently, as the name of this church has lately been entitled the church of the Latter Day Saints... it is no more than just, that a paper ''disseminating'' the doctrines believed by the same, and ''advocating'' its character and rights, should be entitled 'Messenger and Advocate.'"<ref>"[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/5919/show/5913  Address to the Patrons of the Evening and the Morning Star]," ''The Evening and the Morning Star'', September 1834, p. 185.</ref> Thus, in October 1834, ''The Evening and the Morning Star'' was succeeded by the ''[[Messenger and Advocate]]''.

==Reprint==
The last issue of ''The Evening and the Morning Star'' also announced that all issues of the newspaper would be reprinted in a format that was easier to bind. The reprinted issues were then released sporadically between January 1835 and October 1836 and contained significant changes. The most obvious change was the shortened name, ''Evening and Morning Star.''<ref>[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/28104 ''Evening and Morning Star'' reprint] (PDF scans), L. Tom Perry Special Collections, [[Harold B. Lee Library]], [[Brigham Young University]]</ref> But there were also a large number of editorial changes, such as articles being rearranged within and among the different issues.

==Origin of title==
Jesus Christ is referred to in [[Revelation 22:16]] as "the bright and morning star".<ref>{{bibleverse|Revelation|22:16|KJV}}: [[King James Version]]</ref> 

Additionally, the planet [[Venus]] is given the name "Evening Star" when it appears in the west after sunset and "Morning Star" when it appears in the east before sunrise. Some contest that the movement, or life cycle, of Venus corresponds to that of Jesus Christ and that is why the newspaper received its name of ''The Evening and the Morning Star''.<ref>Brinkerhoff, Val (2008), ''The Day Star: Reading Sacred Architecture, Book 2: Unlocking Content'', Honeoye Falls, N.Y.: Digital Legend Press, pp. 141–43.</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Latter Day Saints}}
*''[[Times and Seasons]]''
*''[[Elders' Journal|The Elders' Journal]]''
*''[[Millennial Star]]''
*[[List of Latter Day Saint periodicals]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{citation |last= Dennis |first= Ronald D. |year= 1992 |contribution= Evening and the Morning Star, the |title= [[Encyclopedia of Mormonism]] |editor-last= Ludlow |editor-first= Daniel H.|editor-link= Daniel H. Ludlow |location= New York |publisher= [[Macmillan Publishing]] |page= 477 |contribution-url= http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/EoM/id/3664 |isbn= 0-02-879602-0 |oclc= 24502140}}
* {{citation |last= Crawley |first= Peter |orig-year= 1997 |year= 2005 |title= A Descriptive Bibliography of the Mormon Church, Volume One 1830-1847 |location= Provo, Utah |publisher= [[Religious Studies Center]], [[Brigham Young University]] |pages= 32–34, 47–51 |isbn= 1-57008-395-9 |oclc= 40429399 }}

==External links==
{{wikisource|The Evening and the Morning Star}}
*[http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/NCMP1820-1846/id/5919 ''The Evening and the Morning Star''] (PDF scans), L. Tom Perry Special Collections, [[Harold B. Lee Library]], [[Brigham Young University]].
*[http://www.centerplace.org/history/ems/default.htm ''The Evening and the Morning Star''] (HTML) at CenterPlace.org, Restoration Internet Committee

{{Mormon War}}
{{LDSChurchpubs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Evening and the Morning Star, The}}
[[Category:1832 in Christianity]]
[[Category:Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints) periodicals]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Missouri]]
[[Category:Independence, Missouri]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint movement in Missouri]]
[[Category:Latter Day Saint movement in Ohio]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1834]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1832]]
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Ohio]]
[[Category:Kirtland, Ohio]]