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{{Short description|1908 novel by Arnold Bennett}}
{{about|the novel|the play|The Old Wives' Tale (play)|the film|The Old Wives' Tale (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox book
| name                 = The Old Wives' Tale
| title_orig           = 
| translator           = 
| image                = The Old Wives Tale (Arnold Bennett novel) cover art.jpg
| caption              = 
| author               = [[Arnold Bennett]]
| illustrator          = 
| cover_artist         = 
| country              = United Kingdom
| language             = English
| subject              = <!-- Subject is not relevant for fiction -->
| genre                = <!-- [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels/Novel categorization]] -->
| publisher            = [[Chapman and Hall]]
| release_date         = January 1908
| english_release_date = 
| media_type           = Print (hardcover)
| preceded_by          = <!-- Preceding novel in series -->
| followed_by          = <!-- Following novel in series -->
}}

'''''The Old Wives' Tale''''' is a novel by [[Arnold Bennett]], first published in January 1908.  It deals with the lives of two very different sisters, Constance and Sophia Baines, following their stories from their youth, working in their mother's draper's shop, into old age.  It covers a period of approximately 65 years roughly from 1840 to 1905, and is set in Bursley (modeled on [[Burslem]]) and Paris.  It is generally regarded as one of Bennett's finest works. [[File:The old wives' tale.jpg|thumb|The Old Wives' Tale]]

Bennett was initially inspired to write the book by a chance encounter in a Parisian restaurant. In the introduction to the book, he says
{{quotation|...an old woman came into the restaurant to dine. She was fat, shapeless, ugly, and grotesque. She had a ridiculous voice, and ridiculous gestures. It was easy to see that she lived alone, and that in the long lapse of years she had developed the kind of peculiarity which induces guffaws among the thoughtless.}}

and

{{quotation|I reflected, concerning the grotesque diner: "This woman was once young, slim, perhaps beautiful; certainly free from these ridiculous mannerisms. Very probably she is unconscious of her singularities. Her case is a tragedy. One ought to be able to make a heartrending novel out of the history of a woman such as she." Every stout, ageing woman is not grotesque—far from it!—but there is an extreme pathos in the mere fact that every stout ageing woman was once a young girl with the unique charm of youth in her form and movements and in her mind. And the fact that the change from the young girl to the stout ageing woman is made up of an infinite number of infinitesimal changes, each unperceived by her, only intensifies the pathos.}}

Bennett also found inspiration in [[Guy de Maupassant|Maupassant]]'s novel ''[[Une vie (Maupassant)|Une Vie]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://littleprofessor.typepad.com/the_little_professor/2006/11/the_old_wives_t.html|title=''The Old Wives' Tale'': a brief note|publisher=littleprofessor.typepad.com}}</ref>

== Synopsis==
The book is divided into four parts. The first section, "Mrs Baines", details the adolescence of both Sophia and Constance, and their life in their father's shop and house (a combined property) in Bursley, a lightly dramatised version of [[Burslem]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thepotteries.org/listed/19ab.html|title=Listed Buildings in Stoke-on-Trent. (19a b) Shop premises, Queen Street, Burslem|publisher=thepotteries.org}}</ref> The father is ill and bedridden, and the main adult in their life is Mrs Baines, their mother.

By the end of the first book, the more adventurous and frivolous sister, Sophia (whose name reflects her sophistication, as opposed to the constant Constance), escapes Bursley to London and [[elope]]s with the [[Travelling salesman problem|travelling salesman]], Gerald Scales, against her family’s wishes. Sophia and her husband alight to Paris and she leaves her family behind, ashamed that the money she used to find her freedom was stolen from her wealthy aunt. Constance meanwhile becomes engaged to Mr. Samuel Povey, who works in the shop.

The second part, "Constance", details the life of Constance from that point forward up until the time she is reunited with her sister in old age. Her life, although outwardly prosaic, is nevertheless filled with personal incident, including the birth of her son, Cyril; the execution of her brother-in-law, Daniel Povey, who had accidentally killed his alcoholic wife; and the subsequent death of her husband, Samuel, whose health fell into rapid disrepair after his brother’s conviction; and her concerns about the character and behaviour of her son, who nevertheless performs well enough at school to win a competitive and coveted scholarship, which takes him away from home.

The third part, "Sophia", carries forward the story of what happened to Sophia after her elopement. Initially living off her husband, Gerald Scales, £12,000 inheritance, Gerald irresponsibly squanders the sum in a couple of years and runs off, insolvent. Abandoned by her husband in Paris, Sophia shrewdly survives the [[Siege of Paris (1870-1871)|Siege of Paris]] and the [[Paris Commune]] using a small sum of money she stole from Gerald before his insolvency and eventually becomes the reputable owner of a successful [[pension (lodging)|pension]].

The final part, "What Life Is", details how the two sisters are eventually reunited and reflects upon how their lives and fates, despite the vast difference in their demeanor, end up in the same town that had connected them from birth, even as the very character of the town changes underneath them. Sophia returns to England and the house of her childhood, where Constance has never left. The last part follows both sisters until their deaths, with Constance’s death coming after she mustered her last physical strength to vote against the federation of Bursley and the Five Towns into a combined city, with deleterious effects on Bursley’s aged city center. The vote fails, a seeming victory for Constance, who passes away. After her death, a loophole is discovered that invalidates the vote, and Bursley is federated with its neighboring cities, a dramatised version of what is today [[Stoke-upon-Trent]].

==Details and legacy==
According to Tom Wolfe (''Hooking Up'', p.&nbsp;148), the book was "wildly successful," with the author demurring with "I don't read my reviews, I measure them."

In 1998, the [[Modern Library]] ranked ''The Old Wives' Tale'' No. 87 on its list of the [[Modern Library 100 Best Novels|100 best English-language novels of the 20th century]].

A facsimile edition of the manuscript has been published, which is a testament to Bennett's calligraphic skills.  The original manuscript is in the [[Lilly Library]], [[Indiana]].

It was adapted into a 1921 film ''[[The Old Wives' Tale (film)|The Old Wives' Tale]]'' starring [[Fay Compton]]. It was made into a TV series by the [[BBC]] in 1988 as ''[[Sophia and Constance]]''.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikisource}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/arnold-bennett/the-old-wives-tale}}
* {{Gutenberg|no=5247|name=The Old Wives' Tale}}
* {{librivox book | title=The Old Wives' Tale| author=Bennett}}

{{Arnold Bennett}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Old Wives' Tale}}
[[Category:1908 British novels]]
[[Category:Novels by Arnold Bennett]]
[[Category:Novels set in Staffordshire]]
[[Category:Novels set in Paris]]
[[Category:Chapman & Hall books]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into films]]