View source for The Scarecrow of Oz

{{Short description|1915 novel by L. Frank Baum}}
{{For|the titular character|Scarecrow (Oz)}}
{{Redirect|Blinkie||Blinky (disambiguation){{!}}Blinky}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox book|
| name              = The Scarecrow of Oz
| image             = The Scarecrow of Oz (1915) Cover.jpg
| caption           = First edition cover
| author            = [[L. Frank Baum]]
| illustrator       = [[John R. Neill]]
| cover_artist      = John R. Neill
| country           = United States
| language          = English
| series            = [[List of Oz books|The Oz books]]
| genre             = [[Children's literature|Children's novel]]
| publisher         = [[Reilly & Britton]]
| release_date      = 1915
| media_type        = Print (hardcover)
| pages             = 
| preceded_by       = [[Tik-Tok of Oz]]<br>[[Sky Island]]<!-- preceding novel in series -->
| followed_by       = [[Rinkitink in Oz]]<!-- following novel in series -->
}}

'''''The Scarecrow of Oz''''' is the ninth book in the [[List of Oz books|Oz series]] written by [[L. Frank Baum]]. Published on July 16, 1915, it was Baum's personal favorite of the Oz books and tells of Cap'n Bill and Trot journeying to Oz and, with the help of the [[Scarecrow (Oz)|Scarecrow]], overthrowing the corrupt King Krewl of Jinxland. Cap'n Bill and Trot (Mayre Griffiths) had previously appeared in two other novels by Baum, ''[[The Sea Fairies]]'' (1911) and ''[[Sky Island]]'' (1912).<ref name=
"Riley">{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Michael O. |title=Oz and Beyond: The Fantasy World of L. Frank Baum |date=1997 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0700609338 |pages=191–196}}</ref>

The plot is a re-working of Baum's 1914 silent film, ''[[His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Simpson |first1=Paul |title=A Brief Guide to Oz |date=2013 |publisher=Constable & Robinson Ltd |isbn=978-1-47210-988-0 |page=41 |url=https://archive.org/details/briefguidetooz0000simp/page/41/mode/2up |access-date=10 February 2024}}</ref> It was followed by ''[[Rinkitink in Oz]]'' (1916).

==Plot summary==
[[File:Trot_Griffiths.jpg|thumb|Trot, one of the characters in the story. Illustration from ''The Scarecrow of Oz'' (1915) by [[John R. Neill]]]]
Cap'n Bill, a sailor with a wooden peg-leg, and his friend, a little girl named Trot, set out from California on a calm day for a short ride in their row-boat. A freak whirlpool capsizes their boat and pulls them under water, where they are carried by mermaids (referred to but not seen) to a cave.  They are soon joined by a flying creature called an Ork. Passing through a dark tunnel out of the cave, the three arrive at an island inhabited by a grim man calling himself Pessim the Observer. Cap'n Bill and Trot reduce their size by eating magic shrinking-berries, and the Ork carries them away from the island to the land of [[Mo (Oz)|Mo]], where they eat another type of magic berries and resume their normal size.

They meet the Bumpy Man, who specializes in serving sugar and molasses and has some of their appearance too. They run into Button Bright, the boy from ''[[The Road to Oz]]'' who has gotten lost again. Cap'n Bill calls down some of the native birds (who, like all birds in fairy countries, can talk back) and offers them the "growing" berries to make them large enough to carry himself, Trot, and Button-Bright to the land of Oz.  When they make it across the desert, Button-Bright, Cap'n Bill, and Trot are set down in a field and the Ork leaves them to find his own country, which he got lost from on a routine flight.

The place Button-Bright, Cap'n Bill, and Trot have arrived in, Jinxland, is cut off from the rest of Oz by a range of high mountains and a bottomless crevice.  The kingdom has had a turbulent recent history. The rightful king of Jinxland, King Kynd, was removed by his prime minister Phearse, who was in turn removed by his prime minister Krewl who now rules over the land.  An unpleasant but wealthy citizen named Googly-Goo seeks to marry King Kynd's daughter, Princess Gloria; however, she is in love with Pon, the current gardener's boy, who is the son of the first usurper Phearse. King Krewl and Googly-Goo hire a witch named Blinkie to freeze Gloria's heart so that she will no longer love Pon. Cap'n Bill happens on this plot, and to keep him from interfering, Blinkie turns him into a grasshopper.  She then freezes Gloria's heart.  Googly-Goo proposes to her, but now that her heart is frozen, she does not love anyone at all, including Googly-Goo, whose proposal she scornfully declines.

The Scarecrow is at [[Glinda the Good Witch|Glinda]]'s palace in the [[Quadling Country]] and learns about these events from reading Glinda's [[Land of Oz#Great Book of Records|Great Book of Records]], a magical volume which transcribes every event in the world at the instant it happens. The Scarecrow wants to help Cap'n Bill, Button-Bright, and Trot, and Glinda sends him to Jinxland with some of her magic to aid him. The Scarecrow travels to Jinxland and joins forces with Trot, Cap'n Bill (who is still a grasshopper), and the Ork, who flies off to his homeland for reinforcements.  The Scarecrow attempts to depose Krewl and is captured, with Googly-Goo suggesting the Scarecrow be burned, but then the Ork arrives just in time with fifty other Orks, who attack the Jinxlanders and turn the tables on Krewl. The victorious party then arrives at Blinkie's and makes her undo her magic on Cap'n Bill and Princess Gloria by using a magic powder to shrink her in size. When she has undone her evil spells, the Scarecrow stops Blinkie's shrinking, but she remains at a small size and loses all her magic powers.

Gloria takes the throne of Jinxland and elevates Pon to be her royal [[wikt: husband|consort]], and the Scarecrow, Button-Bright, Cap'n Bill, Trot, and the Orks return to the Emerald City for a celebration.

==Background==
The novel is dedicated to [[The Uplifters (club)|The Uplifters]] of Los Angeles. A select subgroup of the elite [[Los Angeles Athletic Club]], "The Lofty and Exalted Order of Uplifters" was a social and fraternal organization of prominent southern California businessmen and public figures. Baum had been active in the group since he first moved to Los Angeles in 1909 and served among the Excelsiors, the group's governing board. He also wrote and acted in their shows and he played the bass drum in their band.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogers|2002|pages=182–3, 202}}</ref>

A small group of Uplifters were the key investors in [[The Oz Film Manufacturing Company]], organized to make movies of Baum books and stories. The investors put up $100,000; Baum was named president, and received a block of stock in the company in payment for the cinema rights to his works. The company's first project was a film of ''[[The Patchwork Girl of Oz]];'' and its second, released in October 1914, was ''[[His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz]]'', produced at a cost of $23,500, and with a cast (according to the not-always factually reliable Baum) of 130.

Baum hoped that the movie would be a success, and provide a big publicity boost to the ''Scarecrow'' novel to follow in 1915. Things did not quite work out as the optimistic author hoped; the film did not earn enough to cover its costs. The first edition of the novel sold around 14,300 copies, only a couple hundred more than its predecessor, ''[[Tik-Tok of Oz]]''—though in the long run ''The Scarecrow of Oz'' would be one of the more popular installments in the Oz series.<ref>{{harvnb|Rogers|2002|pages=203–4, 210–12}}</ref>

Like ''Tik-Tok'', ''Scarecrow'' contains a significant romantic element—the Rose Princess and Private Files in the former, and Gloria and Pon in the latter—that was not typical of the earlier Oz books.<ref name=Riley/>

Although the journey of an American child to Oz had long been a favorite plot for Baum, this work represented its last appearance: no more children would be inducted into Oz for the duration of his work on the series.<ref name=Riley/>

The Ork, voiced by [[Peter MacNicol]], appeared in an episode of ''[[The Oz Kids]]''.

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{reflist|25em}}

'''Bibliography'''
* {{cite book|first=Katharine M.|last=Rogers|title=L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz|url=https://archive.org/details/lfrankbaumcreato00roge|url-access=registration|location=New York|publisher=St. Martin's Press|date=2002|isbn=9780312301743 }}

==External links==
{{Wikisource|has=the complete text of|The Scarecrow of Oz}}
{{Portal |Children's literature|Novels}}
*[http://www.put.com/oz/scaoz.html Full text of the book]
{{Gutenberg|no=957|name=The Scarecrow of Oz}}
* {{librivox book | title=The Scarecrow of Oz | author=L. Frank Baum}}
* {{OL work|cname=''The Scarecrow of Oz''}}
* {{ISFDB title|id=812|title=The Scarecrow of Oz}}

{{oz books|
before=Tik-Tok of Oz|
after=Rinkitink in Oz|
title=The Scarecrow of Oz|
year=1915}}

{{Oz}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scarecrow of Oz}}
[[Category:Oz (franchise) books]]
[[Category:Novels based on films]]
[[Category:1915 American novels]]
[[Category:1915 fantasy novels]]
[[Category:Sequel novels]]
[[Category:1915 children's books]]
[[Category:Reilly & Britton books]]