View source for The Shawshank Redemption

{{Short description|1994 film by Frank Darabont}}
{{About|the film|other uses|The Shawshank Redemption (disambiguation)}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = The Shawshank Redemption
| image          = ShawshankRedemptionMoviePoster.jpg
| alt            = A man stands with his back to the viewer and his arms outstretched, looking up to the sky in the rain. A tagline reads "Fear can hold you prisoner. Hope can set you free."
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Frank Darabont]]
| producer       = [[Niki Marvin]]
| screenplay     = Frank Darabont
| based_on       = {{Based on|''[[Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption]]''|[[Stephen King]]}}
| starring       = {{Plainlist|<!-- Only these seven actors are listed on the billing block from official posters of the film -->
* [[Tim Robbins]]
* [[Morgan Freeman]]
* [[Bob Gunton]]
* [[William Sadler (actor)|William Sadler]]
* [[Clancy Brown]]
* [[Gil Bellows]]
* [[James Whitmore]]
}}
| music          = [[Thomas Newman]]
| cinematography = [[Roger Deakins]]
| editing        = [[Richard Francis-Bruce]]
| studio         = [[Castle Rock Entertainment]]
| distributor    = [[Columbia Pictures]]
| released       = {{Film date|1994|09|10|[[1994 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]|1994|09|23|United States}}<!--- Per [[WP:FILMRELEASE]], first release and release of production country only --->
| runtime        = 142 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 142:22--><ref name="Runtime"/>
| country        = United States
| language       = English
| budget         = $25 million<ref name="EWSep3094"/>
| gross          = $73.3 million
}}

'''''The Shawshank Redemption''''' is a 1994 American [[Prison film|prison]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by [[Frank Darabont]], based on the 1982 [[Stephen King]] novella ''[[Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption]]''. The film tells the story of banker Andy Dufresne ([[Tim Robbins]]), who is [[Life imprisonment|sentenced to life]] in [[Shawshank State Prison|Shawshank State Penitentiary]] for the murders of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence. Over the following two decades, he befriends a fellow prisoner, contraband smuggler Ellis "Red" Redding ([[Morgan Freeman]]), and becomes instrumental in a [[money laundering]] operation led by the [[prison warden]] Samuel Norton ([[Bob Gunton]]). [[William Sadler (actor)|William Sadler]], [[Clancy Brown]], [[Gil Bellows]], and [[James Whitmore]] appear in supporting roles.

Darabont purchased the film rights to King's story in 1987, but development did not begin until five years later, when he wrote the script over eight weeks. Two weeks after submitting his script to [[Castle Rock Entertainment]], Darabont secured a $25 million budget to produce ''The Shawshank Redemption'', which started pre-production in January 1993. While the film is set in [[Maine]], [[principal photography]] took place from June to August 1993 almost entirely in [[Mansfield, Ohio]], with the [[Ohio State Reformatory]] serving as the eponymous penitentiary. The project attracted many stars for the role of Andy, including [[Tom Hanks]], [[Tom Cruise]], and [[Kevin Costner]]. [[Thomas Newman]] provided the film's score.

While ''The Shawshank Redemption'' received critical acclaim upon its release—particularly for its story and the performances of Robbins and Freeman—it was a [[Box-office bomb|box-office disappointment]], earning only $16 million during its initial theatrical run. Many factors were attributed to its failure at the time, including competition from the films ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'' and ''[[Forrest Gump]]'', the general unpopularity of [[prison film]]s, its lack of female characters, and even the title, which was considered confusing for audiences. It went on to receive multiple award nominations, including seven [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] nominations, and a theatrical re-release that, combined with international takings, increased the film's box-office gross to $73.3 million.

Over 320,000 [[VHS]] rental copies were shipped throughout the United States, and on the strength of its award nominations and [[word of mouth]], it became the top [[video rental]] of 1995. The broadcast rights were acquired following the purchase of Castle Rock Entertainment by [[Turner Broadcasting System]], and it was shown regularly on the [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]] network starting in 1997, further increasing its popularity. Decades after release, the film is still broadcast regularly and is popular in several countries, with audience members and celebrities citing it as a source of inspiration or naming it a favorite in various surveys, leading to its recognition as one of the [[List of films voted the best|most beloved films among audiences]]. In 2015, the United States [[Library of Congress]] selected the film for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]], finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

== Plot ==
<!-- IMPORTANT: As WP:FILMPLOT requires, plot summaries for featured film articles should be 400-700 words. Count as of 08-2024 is 670 words -->
In 1947, [[Portland, Maine]], banker Andy Dufresne arrives at [[Shawshank State Prison]] to serve two [[Back-to-back life sentences|consecutive life sentences]] for murdering his wife and her lover. He is befriended by Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding, a [[contraband]] smuggler serving a life sentence, who procures for him a [[Geologist's hammer|rock hammer]] and a large poster of [[Rita Hayworth]]. Assigned to work in the prison laundry, Andy is frequently [[Prison rape|raped]] by "the Sisters" gang, led by Bogs Diamond.

In 1949, Andy overhears the captain of the guards, Byron Hadley, complaining about being [[Estate tax in the United States|taxed on an inheritance]] and offers to help him shelter the money legally. After the Sisters beat Andy to near-death, Hadley cripples Bogs, who is subsequently transferred to a minimum-security hospital; Andy is not attacked again. Warden Samuel Norton assigns Andy to the prison's decrepit library, ostensibly to assist elderly inmate Brooks Hatlen, but in reality, to use Andy's financial expertise in managing the warden's and other prison staff's finances. Andy also starts writing weekly letters to the [[Maine Legislature|state legislature]], requesting funding to improve the library.

Brooks is paroled in 1954 after serving 50 years, but [[Institutional syndrome|cannot adjust to the outside world]] and eventually hangs himself. After years of Andy's ceaseless letters, the legislature sends a library donation that includes a recording of ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]''; Andy plays [[Sull'aria ... che soave zeffiretto|an excerpt]] over the public address system, experiencing a moment of personal freedom before he is punished with [[solitary confinement]]. After his release, Andy explains to a dismissive Red that hope is what gets him through his sentence. In 1963, Norton begins exploiting prison labor for public works, profiting by undercutting skilled labor costs and receiving bribes. Andy launders the money using the alias "Randall Stephens".

In 1965, Andy and Red befriend Tommy Williams, a young inmate convicted of burglary. Andy helps Tommy pass his [[General Educational Development]] exam, and Tommy later reveals that his cellmate at another prison confessed to committing the murders for which Andy was convicted. When Andy informs Norton, the warden refuses to act. Although Andy promises to keep the money laundering a secret, Norton sends Andy to solitary confinement and has Hadley kill Tommy under the guise of an escape attempt. Norton then threatens to destroy the library, strip Andy of guard protection, and transfer him to harsher conditions if he refuses to continue with his scheme.

A dishevelled Andy is released from solitary confinement after two months. He tells a skeptical Red that he dreams of living in [[Zihuatanejo]], a town on the Mexican Pacific coast, where he can start anew. He asks Red to promise, once he is released, to travel to a specific hayfield near [[Buxton, Maine|Buxton]] and recover a package that Andy buried there. Red worries that Andy is suicidal, especially after learning that he asked a fellow inmate for a rope.

At the next day's [[Roll call (policing)|roll call]], the guards find Andy's cell empty. An irate Norton throws a rock at a poster of [[Raquel Welch]] hanging on the cell wall, revealing a tunnel that Andy had dug with his rock hammer over 19 years. The previous night, Andy escaped through the tunnel and prison sewage pipe, taking with him Norton's suit, shoes, and the [[ledger]] containing evidence of the corruption at Shawshank. While guards search for him, Andy poses as Randall Stephens and withdraws over $370,000 of the laundered money from various banks,{{efn|The $370,000 Andy takes in 1966 is equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|370000|1966}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}.}} before mailing the ledger to a local newspaper. State police arrive at Shawshank and take Hadley into custody, while Norton commits suicide to avoid arrest.

The following year, Red is paroled after serving 40 years, but struggles to adapt to life outside prison and fears that he never will. Remembering his promise to Andy, he visits Buxton and finds a cache containing money and a letter inviting him to come to Zihuatanejo. Red violates his parole by traveling to Mexico, admitting that he finally feels hope. He finds Andy on a beach, and the reunited friends happily embrace.

==Cast==
{{multiple image|total_width=350
 | direction = horizontal
 | footer = [[Tim Robbins]] in 2008 (left) and [[Morgan Freeman]] in 1990
 | image1 = TimRobbins08TIFF.jpg
 | alt1 = A standing caucasian man with short white and grey hair, wears glasses and a blue coat: He faces left towards the camera smiling.
 | image2 = Morgan Freeman (255277982) (cropped).jpg
 | alt2 = An African American man with a beard and short hair, both a mix of white and grey, and wearing an earring in each ear: He is smiling towards the camera.
  }}
* [[Tim Robbins]] as Andy Dufresne: A banker sentenced to life in prison in 1947 for the murder of his wife and her lover<ref name="PhilosophyNow14"/>
* [[Morgan Freeman]] as Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding: A prison contraband smuggler who befriends Andy<ref name="Cast"/><ref name="RevEW"/>
* [[Bob Gunton]] as Samuel Norton: The pious and cruel warden of Shawshank penitentiary<ref name="PhilosophyNow14"/>
* [[William Sadler (actor)|William Sadler]] as Heywood: A member of Red's gang of long-serving convicts<ref name="Cast"/><ref name="Comingsoon"/>
* [[Clancy Brown]] as Byron Hadley: The brutal captain of the prison guards<ref name="Gizmodo"/><ref name="vanityfair"/>
* [[Gil Bellows]] as Tommy Williams: A young convict imprisoned for burglary in 1965<ref name="Cast"/>{{Sfn|TSR|1993|loc=1h20m32s}}
* [[James Whitmore]] as Brooks Hatlen: The elderly prison librarian, imprisoned at Shawshank for over five decades<ref name="Kennebeck"/>

The cast also includes [[Mark Rolston]] as Bogs Diamond, the head of "the Sisters", a gang of prison rapists;<ref name="CastBogs"/> [[Jeffrey DeMunn]] as the prosecuting attorney in Dufresne's trial;<ref name="Cast"/> Larry Brandenburg as Skeet; Brian Libby as Floyd; [[Neil Giuntoli]] as Jigger; [[David Proval]] as Snooze; Joseph Ragno as Ernie; [[Paul McCrane]] as Guard Trout; and [[Jude Ciccolella]] as Guard Mert.<ref name="Cast"/>

Renee Blaine portrays Andy's wife, and Scott Mann plays her golf instructor lover, Glenn Quentin.<ref name="CastMJ"/> Freeman's son, Alfonso, makes a cameo appearance as Fresh Fish Con.<ref name="Cast"/> Frank Medrano plays Fat Ass, an inmate beaten to death by Hadley,<ref name="Cast"/>{{Sfn|TSR|1993|loc=16m42s—19m05s}} and [[Bill Bolender]] portrays Elmo Blatch, a convict implied to be responsible for the crimes for which Andy is imprisoned.<ref name="Cineworld"/> [[Ned Bellamy]] and [[Don McManus]] appear as prison guards Youngblood and Wiley, respectively, and Dion Anderson plays Head Bull Haig.<ref name="Cast"/> James Kisicki and Claire Slemmer portray the Maine National Bank manager and a teller, respectively.<ref name="Cleveland"/><ref name="Cleveland3"/>

==Analysis==
The film has been interpreted as being grounded in [[Christian mysticism]].{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=14}} Andy is offered as a messianic, [[Christ]]-like figure, with Red describing him early in the film as having an aura that engulfs and protects him from Shawshank.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=30}} The scene in which Andy and several inmates tar the prison roof can be seen as a recreation of the [[Last Supper]], with Andy obtaining beer/wine for the twelve inmates/disciples as Freeman describes them as the "lords of all creation" invoking Jesus' blessing.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|pp=31, 39}} Director Frank Darabont responded that this was not his deliberate intention,{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=31}} but he wanted people to find their own meaning in the film.<ref name="Empire1"/> The discovery of ''The Marriage of Figaro'' record is described in the screenplay as akin to finding the [[Holy Grail]], bringing the prisoners to a halt, and causing the sick to rise up in their beds.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=39}}

Early in the film, Warden Norton quotes Jesus Christ to describe himself to Andy, saying, "[[Light of the World|I am the light of the world]]", declaring himself Andy's savior, but this description can also reference Lucifer, the bearer of light.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=48}} Indeed, the warden does not enforce the general rule of law, but chooses to enforce his own rules and punishments as he sees fit, becoming a law unto himself, like the behavior of Satan.<ref name="PhilosophyNow14"/> The warden has also been compared to former United States President [[Richard Nixon]]. Norton's appearance and public addresses can be seen to mirror Nixon's. Similarly, Norton projects an image of a holy man, speaking down sanctimoniously to the servile masses while running corrupt scams, like those of which Nixon was accused.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=45}}

[[File:Sand dunes at Shallow Inlet, Sandy Point - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|alt=An empty crescent shaped beach, with small patches of grass and a small red boat sits on the shore. The sea appears to the left of the image and mountains appear in the background.|Andy and Red's reunion was filmed at the [[Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge]], Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The location has been interpreted as a form of escape or paradise.]]
Zihuatanejo has been interpreted as an [[Analogue (literature)|analog]] for heaven or paradise.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=68}} In the film, Andy describes it as a place with no memory, offering absolution from his sins by forgetting about them or allowing them to be washed away by the Pacific Ocean, whose name means "peaceful". The possibility of escaping to Zihuatanejo is only raised after Andy admits that he feels responsible for his wife's death.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=68}} Similarly, Red's freedom is only earned once he accepts he cannot save himself or atone for his sins. Freeman has described Red's story as one of salvation as he is not innocent of his crimes, much like Andy, who still finds redemption.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=80}}

While some Christian viewers interpret Zihuatanejo as heaven, film critic [[Mark Kermode]] wrote that it can also be interpreted as a [[Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzschean]] form of guiltlessness achieved outside traditional notions of good and evil, where the amnesia offered is the destruction rather than forgiveness of sin, meaning Andy's aim is secular and atheistic. Just as Andy can be interpreted as a Christ-like figure, he can be seen as a [[Thus Spoke Zarathustra|Zarathustra]]-like prophet offering escape through education and the experience of freedom.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=68}} Film critic [[Roger Ebert]] argued that ''The Shawshank Redemption'' is an allegory for maintaining one's feeling of self-worth when placed in a hopeless position. Andy's integrity is an important theme in the story line, especially in prison, where integrity is lacking.<ref name="RebertAnaly"/>

Robbins himself believes that the concept of Zihuatanejo resonates with audiences because it represents a form of escape that can be achieved after surviving for many years within whatever "jail" someone finds themselves in, whether a bad relationship, job, or environment. Robbins said that it is important that such a place exists for us.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=69}} Isaac M. Morehouse suggests that the film provides a great illustration of how characters can be free, even in prison, or imprisoned, even in freedom, based on their outlooks on life.<ref name="Moorhouse"/> Philosopher [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] described freedom as an ongoing project that requires attention and resilience, without which a person begins to be defined by others or institutions, mirroring Red's belief that inmates become dependent on the prison to define their lives. Andy displays resilience through rebellion, by playing music over the prison loudspeaker, and refusing to continue with the money-laundering scam.<ref name="PhilosophyNow14"/>

Many elements can be considered as tributes to the power of cinema. In the prison theater, the inmates watch the film ''[[Gilda (film)|Gilda]]'' (1946), but this scene was originally intended to feature ''[[The Lost Weekend (film)|The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945). The interchangeability of the films used in the prison theater suggests that it is the cinematic experience and not the subject that is key to the scene, allowing the men to escape the reality of their situation.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=37}} Immediately following this scene, Andy is assaulted by the Sisters in the projector room and uses a [[film reel]] to help fight them off.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=41}} At the end of the film, Andy passes through a hole in his cell hidden by a movie poster to escape both his cell and ultimately Shawshank.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=38}}

Andy and Red's relationship has been described as a nonsexual story between two men<ref name="THR20"/> that few other films offer, as the friendship is not built on conducting a caper, car chases, or developing a relationship with women.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=27}} Philosopher Alexander Hooke argued that Andy and Red's true freedom is their friendship, being able to share joy and humor with each other.<ref name="PhilosophyNow14"/>

==Production==

===Development===
[[File:Frank Darabont at the PaleyFest 2011 - The Walking Dead panel.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=A caucasian, bald man wearing glasses and a dark shirt: He looks down at a book and pen held in his hands.|Director Frank Darabont (pictured in 2011) bought the adaptation rights to ''The Shawshank Redemption'' for $5,000 in 1987.]]
[[Frank Darabont]] first collaborated with author [[Stephen King]] in 1983 on the short film adaptation of King's 1978 collection ''[[Night Shift (short story collection)|Night Shift]]'' story "[[The Woman in the Room]]", buying the rights from him for $1—a [[Dollar Baby|Dollar Deal]] that King used to help new directors build a résumé by adapting his short stories.<ref name="vanityfair"/> After receiving his first screenwriting credit in 1987 for ''[[A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors]]'', Darabont returned to King with $5,000<ref name="Residuals"/> {{USDCY|5000|1987}} to purchase the rights to adapt ''[[Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption]]'', a 96-page novella from King's 1982 collection ''[[Different Seasons]]'', written to explore genres other than the horror stories for which he was commonly known.<ref name="Variety20th"/> Although King did not understand how the story, largely focused on Red contemplating his fellow prisoner Andy, could be turned into a feature film, Darabont believed it was "obvious".<ref name="vanityfair"/> King never cashed the $5,000 check from Darabont; he later framed it and returned it to Darabont accompanied by a note which read: "In case you ever need bail money. Love, Steve".<ref name="Shortlist"/>

Five years later, Darabont wrote the script over an eight-week period. He expanded on elements of King's story. Brooks, who in the novella is a minor character who dies in a retirement home, became a tragic character who eventually hanged himself. Tommy, who in the novella trades his evidence exonerating Andy for transfer to a nicer prison, in the screenplay is murdered on the orders of Warden Norton, who is a composite of several warden characters in King's story.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Darabont opted to create a single warden character to serve as the primary antagonist.<ref name="PotMGunton"/> Among his inspirations, Darabont listed the works of director [[Frank Capra]], including ''[[Mr. Smith Goes to Washington]]'' (1939) and ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' (1946), describing them as [[tall tale]]s; Darabont likened ''The Shawshank Redemption'' to a tall tale more than a prison movie.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=9}} He also cited ''[[Goodfellas]]'' (1990) as an inspiration on the use of dialogue to illustrate the passage of time in the script, and the prison drama ''[[Birdman of Alcatraz (film)|Birdman of Alcatraz]]'' (1962) directed by [[John Frankenheimer]].<ref name="DB14"/> While later scouting filming locations, Darabont happened upon Frankenheimer who was scouting for his own prison-set 1994 action historical drama television project ''[[Against the Wall (1994 film)|Against the Wall]]''. Darabont recalled that Frankenheimer took time out from his scouting to provide Darabont with encouragement and advice.<ref name="deadline dec2019"/>

At the time, prison-based films were not considered likely box-office successes, but Darabont's script was read by then-[[Castle Rock Entertainment]] producer Liz Glotzer, whose interest in prison stories and reaction to the script, led her to threaten to quit if Castle Rock Entertainment did not produce ''The Shawshank Redemption''.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Director and Castle Rock Entertainment co-founder [[Rob Reiner]] also liked the script. He offered Darabont between $2.4 million<ref name="LATOct94"/> and $3 million to allow him to direct it himself.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Reiner, who had previously adapted King's 1982 novella ''[[The Body (King novella)|The Body]]'' into the 1986 film ''[[Stand by Me (film)|Stand by Me]]'', planned to cast [[Tom Cruise]] as Andy and [[Harrison Ford]] as Red.<ref name="vanityfair"/><ref name="MSNFacts"/>

Castle Rock Entertainment offered to finance any other film Darabont wanted to develop. Darabont seriously considered the offer, citing growing up poor in Los Angeles, believing it would elevate his standing in the industry, and that Castle Rock Entertainment could have contractually fired him and given the film to Reiner anyway, but he chose to remain the director, saying in a 2014 ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' interview, "you can continue to defer your dreams in exchange for money and, you know, die without ever having done the thing you set out to do".<ref name="vanityfair"/> Reiner served as Darabont's mentor on the project, instead.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Within two weeks of showing the script to Castle Rock Entertainment, Darabont had a $25 million budget to make his film<ref name="EWSep3094"/> (taking a $750,000 screenwriting and directing salary plus a percentage of the net profits),<ref name="LATOct94"/> and pre-production began in January 1993.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=9}}{{efn|The 1994 budget of $25{{nbsp}}million is equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|25000000|1994}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}.}}

===Casting===
[[File:Clancy Brown by Gage Skidmore.jpg|upright|left|thumb|alt=A white man with a short white beard, and white and grey curly hair: He wears a white suit with a blue shirt. The man stares away from the camera looking angry.|[[Clancy Brown]] at the 2015 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]
[[Morgan Freeman]] was cast at the suggestion of producer Liz Glotzer, who ignored the novella's character description of a white Irishman, nicknamed "Red". Freeman's character alludes to the choice when queried by Andy on why he is called Red, replying "Maybe it's because I'm Irish".<ref name="DB14"/> Freeman opted not to research his role, saying "acting the part of someone who's incarcerated doesn't require any specific knowledge of incarceration ... because men don't change. Once you're in that situation, you just toe whatever line you have to toe".<ref name="EWSep3094"/> Darabont was already aware of Freeman from his minor role in ''[[Brubaker]]'' (1980), another prison drama, while [[Tim Robbins]] had been excited to work alongside Freeman, having grown up watching him in ''[[The Electric Company]]'' children's television show.<ref name="deadline dec2019"/>

Darabont looked initially at some of his favorite actors, such as [[Gene Hackman]] and [[Robert Duvall]], for the role of Andy Dufresne, but they were unavailable;<ref name="DB14"/> [[Clint Eastwood]] and [[Paul Newman]] were also considered.<ref name="NYT2014"/> [[Tom Cruise]], [[Tom Hanks]] and [[Kevin Costner]] were offered, and passed on the role<ref name="vanityfair"/>—Hanks due to his starring role in ''[[Forrest Gump]]'',<ref name="DB14"/> and Costner because he had the lead in ''[[Waterworld]]''.<ref name="Cosmo15"/> [[Johnny Depp]], [[Nicolas Cage]] and [[Charlie Sheen]] were also considered for the role at different stages.<ref name="Cosmo15"/> Cruise attended table readings of the script, but declined to work for the inexperienced Darabont.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Darabont said he cast Robbins after seeing his performance in the 1990 psychological horror ''[[Jacob's Ladder (1990 film)|Jacob's Ladder]]''.<ref name="LA20th"/> When Robbins was cast, he insisted that Darabont use experienced cinematographer [[Roger Deakins]], who had worked with him on ''[[The Hudsucker Proxy]]''.<ref name="vanityfair"/> To prepare for the role, Robbins observed caged animals at a zoo, spent an afternoon in solitary confinement, spoke with prisoners and guards,<ref name="THR20"/> and had his arms and legs shackled for a few hours.<ref name="EWSep3094"/>

Cast initially as young convict Tommy, [[Brad Pitt]] dropped out following his success in the 1991 crime drama ''[[Thelma & Louise]]'' and the role went to a debuting [[Gil Bellows]].<ref name="EWSep3094"/><ref name="vanityfair"/> [[James Gandolfini]] passed on portraying prison rapist Bogs Diamond.<ref name="vanityfair"/> [[Bob Gunton]] was filming the 1993 science fiction action ''[[Demolition Man (film)|Demolition Man]]'' when he went to [[audition]] for the role of Warden Samuel Norton. To convince the studio that Gunton was right for the part, Darabont and producer [[Niki Marvin]] arranged for him to record a [[screen test]] on a day off from ''Demolition Man''. They had a wig made for him as his head was shaved for his ''Demolition Man'' role. Gunton wanted to portray Norton with hair as this could then be grayed to convey his on-screen aging as the film progressed. Gunton performed his screen test with Robbins, which was filmed by Deakins. After being confirmed for the role, he used the wig in the film's early scenes until his hair regrew. Gunton said that Marvin and Darabont saw that he understood the character, which went in his favor, as did the fact his height was similar to Robbins', allowing Andy to believably use the warden's suit.<ref name="PotMGunton"/>

Portraying the head guard Byron Hadley, [[Clancy Brown]] was given the opportunity to speak with former guards by the production's liaison officer but declined, believing it would not be a good thing to say that his brutal character was in any way inspired by Ohio state correctional officers.{{Sfn|TRF|2001|loc=22:42}} [[William Sadler (actor)|William Sadler]], who portrays Heywood, said that Darabont had approached him in 1989 on the set of the ''[[Tales from the Crypt (TV series)|Tales from the Crypt]]'' television series, where he was a writer, about starring in the adaptation he was intending to make.<ref name="AVSadler"/> Freeman's son Alfonso has a [[cameo appearance]] as a young Red in [[mug shot]] photos,<ref name="DB14"/> and as a prisoner shouting "fresh fish" as Andy arrives at Shawshank.<ref name="NYTExtras"/> Among the extras used in the film were the former warden and former inmates of the reformatory, and active guards from a nearby incarceration facility.<ref name="EWSep3094"/><ref name="LAWarden"/> The novella's original title attracted several people to audition for the nonexistent role of Rita Hayworth, including a man in [[Drag queen|drag clothing]].<ref name="LATOct94"/>

===Filming===
[[File:Mansfield OH - Reformatory - Closed.jpg|thumb|alt=A grey stone building sits at the end of a green field.|[[Ohio State Reformatory]], also known as the Mansfield Reformatory, served as the fictional Shawshank prison.]]
On a $25 million budget,<ref name="BoxOffice"/> [[principal photography]] took place over three months<ref name="vanityfair"/> between June and August 1993.<ref name="Variety1993"/><ref name="avclub mansfield"/> Filming regularly required up to 18-hour workdays, six days a week.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Freeman described filming as tense, saying, "Most of the time, the tension was between the cast and director. I remember having a bad moment with the director, had a few of those." Freeman referred to Darabont's requiring multiple takes of scenes, which he considered had no discernible differences. For example, the scene where Andy first approaches Red to procure a rock hammer took nine hours to film and featured Freeman throwing and catching a baseball with another inmate throughout it. The number of takes that were shot resulted in Freeman turning up to filming the following day with his arm in a sling. Freeman sometimes simply refused to do the additional takes. Robbins said that the long days were difficult. Darabont felt that making the film taught him a lot, "A director really needs to have an internal barometer to measure what any given actor needs."<ref name="vanityfair"/> He found his most frequent struggles were with Deakins. Darabont favored more scenic shots, while Deakins felt that not showing the outside of the prison added a sense of [[claustrophobia]] and it meant that when a wide scenic shot was used, it had more impact.<ref name="EWSep3094"/>

Marvin spent five months scouting prisons across the United States and Canada, looking for a site that had a timeless aesthetic, and was completely abandoned, hoping to avoid the complexity of filming the required footage, for hours each day, in an active prison with the security difficulties that would entail.<ref name="LATIMES1993"/> Marvin eventually chose the [[Ohio State Reformatory]] in [[Mansfield, Ohio]], to serve as the fictional Shawshank State Penitentiary in Maine, citing its Gothic-style stone and brick buildings.<ref name="avclub mansfield"/><ref name="LATIMES1993"/> The facility had been shuttered three years earlier in 1990,<ref name="NPROnLoc"/> due to inhumane living conditions.<ref name="avclub mansfield"/>

The 15-acre reformatory, housing its own power plant and farm, was partially torn down shortly after filming was completed, leaving the main administration building and two cellblocks.<ref name="avclub mansfield"/> Several of the interior shots of the specialized prison facilities, such as the admittance rooms and the warden's office, were shot in the reformatory. The interior of the boarding room used by Brooks and Red was in the administration building; exterior shots of the boarding house were taken elsewhere. Internal scenes in the prison cellblocks were filmed on a [[sound stage]] built inside a nearby shuttered [[Westinghouse Electric Corporation|Westinghouse Electric]] factory. Since Darabont wanted the inmates' cells to face each other, almost all the cellblock scenes were shot on a purpose-built [[Set construction|set]] housed in the Westinghouse factory,<ref name="avclub mansfield"/> except for the scene featuring Elmo Blatch's admission of guilt for the crimes for which Andy was convicted. It was filmed in one of the actual prison's more confined cells.<ref name="EbertGreatness"/> Scenes were also filmed in Mansfield, as well as neighboring [[Ashland, Ohio]].<ref name="TimesGazette"/> The [[Shawshank tree|oak tree]] under which Andy buries his letter to Red was located near [[Malabar Farm State Park]], in [[Lucas, Ohio]];<ref name="NYT2014"/> it was destroyed by winds in 2016.<ref name="guardian16"/>

[[File:Bissman Block.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A large, red-brick building with a peeling, white-painted front: A sign on the side of the building is obscured by trees, but partially reads "The Bissman Comp..."|The Bissman Building in [[Mansfield, Ohio]], served as the [[halfway house]] in which Brooks and later Red would reside following their release from prison]]
Just as a prison in Ohio stood in for a fictional one in Maine, the beach scene showing Andy and Red's reunion in Zihuatanejo, Mexico, was actually shot in the Caribbean on the island of [[Saint Croix]], one of the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]].<ref name="USATOday17"/> The beach at 'Zihuatanejo' is the [[Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge]],<ref name="ColumbusDispatch"/> a protected area for [[leatherback sea turtle]]s.<ref name="USNews"/> Scenes shot in [[Upper Sandusky, Ohio|Upper Sandusky]] included the prison [[wood working|wood shop]] scene where Red and his fellow inmates hear ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]'' (the woodshop is now called the Shawshank Woodshop),<ref name="NYT2014"/> and the opening court scene which was shot at the [[Wyandot County, Ohio|Wyandot County]] Courthouse.<ref name="ColumbusDispatch"/> Other shooting locations included Pugh Cabin in [[Malabar Farm State Park]], where Andy sits outside as his wife engages in an affair,<ref name="SST1"/> [[Butler, Ohio]], stood in for Buxton, Maine,<ref name="SST2"/> and the Bissman Building in Mansfield served as the halfway house where Brooks stayed following his release.<ref name="SST3"/>

For the scene depicting Andy's escape from the prison, Darabont envisioned Andy using his miniature rock hammer to break into the sewage pipe, but he determined that this was not realistic. He opted instead to use a large piece of rock.<ref name="ign darabont 2019"/> While the film portrays the iconic scene of Andy escaping to freedom through a sewer pipe described as a "river of shit", Robbins crawls through a mixture of water, chocolate syrup, and sawdust. The stream into which Robbins emerges was actually certified toxic by a chemist according to production designer [[Terence Marsh]]. The production team dammed the stream to make it deeper and used [[Water chlorination|chlorination]] to partially decontaminate it.<ref name="NYTExtras"/><ref name="ign darabont 2019"/> Of the scene, Robbins said, "when you're doing a film, you want to be a good soldier—you don't want to be the one [who] gets in the way. So you will do things as an actor that are compromising to your physical health and safety."{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=75}} The scene was intended to be much longer and more dramatic, detailing Andy's escape across a field and onto a train, but with only a single night available to film the sequence, it was shortened to showing Andy standing triumphant in the water.<ref name="ign darabont 2019"/><ref name="GRadarOctober182019"/> Of his own work, Deakins considers the scene to be one of his least favorite, saying that he "over-lit" it.<ref name="GRadarOctober182019"/> In response, Darabont disagreed with Deakins' self-assessment. He said that the time and precision taken by Deakins, and their limited filming schedule, meant he had to be precise in what he could film and how. In a 2019 interview, he stated that he regretted that this meant he could not film a close up of Robbins' face as he climbed down out of the hole from his cell.<ref name="ign darabont 2019"/>

As for the scene where Andy rebelliously plays music over the prison announcement system, it was Robbins' idea for Andy to turn the music up and not shut it off.<ref name="NYTExtras"/> While in the finished film the inmates watch Rita Hayworth in ''[[Gilda (film)|Gilda]]'' (1946), they were originally intended to be watching [[Billy Wilder]]'s ''[[The Lost Weekend]]'' (1945), a film about the dangers of alcohol. As the footage was too costly to procure from [[Paramount Pictures]], producer Niki Marvin approached ''The Shawshank Redemption''{{'}}s domestic distribution rights-holder [[Columbia Pictures]], which offered a list of lower-priced titles, one of which was ''Gilda''.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|pp=36–37}} As filming took place mainly in and around the prison, scenes were often shot in near chronological order respective of the different eras depicted throughout the story. This aided the actors' performances as their real-life relationships evolved alongside those of their respective characters.<ref name="ign darabont 2019"/> Darabont commented that the scene in which Andy tells Red about his dreams of going to Mexico, was one of the last filmed and one that he most revisited in recollecting on the film's production. He praised Robbins and Freeman for completing the scene in only a few takes.<ref name="deadline dec2019"/>
{{Clear}}

===Post-production===
The final cut of the theatrically released film runs for 142 minutes,<ref name="Runtime"/> and was dedicated to the memory of Allen Greene, Darabont's former agent, who died during filming from [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]].<ref name="Slant2004"/> The film's first edit ran for nearly two and a half hours, which Glotzer considered "long", and several scenes were cut including a longer sequence of Red adjusting to life after incarceration; Darabont said that in test screenings the audience seemed to be getting impatient with the scene as they were already convinced that Red would not make it.<ref name="THR20"/> Another scene cut for time showed a prison guard investigating Andy's escape tunnel; this was thought to slow down the action.<ref name="RSCUt"/> The film originally had a [[cold open]] that played out Andy's crime, with his trial playing throughout the opening credits, but these scenes were edited together to create a more "punchy" opening.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|pp=13–14}} One scripted scene, which Darabont described as his best work, was left unfilmed because of the shooting schedule.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|pp=78–79}} In the scene, a dreaming Red is sucked into the poster of Rita Hayworth to find himself alone and insignificant on the Pacific shore, saying "I am terrified, there is no way home." Darabont said that he regretted being unable to capture the scene.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=79}}

In Darabont's original vision for the end of the film, Red is seen riding a bus towards the Mexican border, leaving his fate ambiguous. Glotzer insisted on including the scene of Red and Andy reuniting in Zihuatanejo. She said Darabont felt this was a "commercial, sappy" ending, but Glotzer wanted the audience to see them together.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Castle Rock agreed to finance filming for the scene without requiring its inclusion, guaranteeing Darabont the final decision.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=87}} The scene originally featured a longer reunion in which Andy and Red recited dialogue from their first meeting, but Darabont said it had a "golly-gee-ain't-we-cute" quality and excised it.{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=86}} The beach reunion was test audiences' favorite scene; both Freeman and Robbins felt it provided the necessary closure. Darabont agreed to include the scene after seeing the test audience reactions, saying: "I think it's a magical and uplifting place for our characters to arrive at the end of their long saga..."{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=87}}

===Music===
{{Main|The Shawshank Redemption (soundtrack)}}
The film's score was composed by [[Thomas Newman]]. He felt that it already elicited such strong emotions without music that he found it difficult to compose one that would elevate scenes without distracting from them. The piece, "Shawshank Redemption", plays during Andy's escape from Shawshank and originally had a three-note motif, but Darabont felt it had too much of a "triumphal flourish" and asked that it be toned down to a single-note motif. "So Was Red", played following Red's release from prison, and leading to his discovery of Andy's cache, became one of Newman's favorite pieces. The piece was initially written for a solo oboe, until Newman reluctantly agreed to add harmonica—a reference to the harmonica Red receives from Andy to continue his message of hope. According to Darabont, harmonica player [[Tommy Morgan]] "casually delivered something dead-on perfect on the first take", and this is heard in the finished film.<ref name="WSJMusic"/> Newman's score was so successful that excerpts from it were used in movie trailers for years afterwards.<ref name="Variety20th"/>

==Release==
===Theatrical===
Leading up to its release, the film was [[Test screening|test screened]] with the public. These were described as "through the roof", and Glotzer said they were some of the best she had seen.<ref name="vanityfair"/><ref name="BFI2017"/> It was decided to mostly omit Stephen King's name from any advertising, as the studio wanted to attract a "more prestigious audience", who might reject a film from a writer known mostly for [[Pulp magazine|pulp fiction]] works such as ''[[The Shining (novel)|The Shining]]'' and ''[[Cujo]]''.<ref name="AVFilm14"/>

Following early September premieres at the [[Renaissance Theatre (Mansfield, Ohio)|Renaissance Theatre]] in Mansfield, and the [[Toronto International Film Festival]],<ref name="Cleveland"/><ref name="RevEbert"/> ''The Shawshank Redemption'' began a limited North American release on September 23, 1994. During its opening weekend, the film grossed $727,327 from 33 theaters—an average of $22,040 per theater. Following a Hollywood tradition of visiting different theaters on opening night to see the audiences view their film live, Darabont and Glotzer went to the [[Cinerama Dome]], but found no one there. Glotzer claimed that the pair actually sold two tickets outside the theater with the promise that if the buyers did not like the film, they could ask Castle Rock Entertainment for a refund.<ref name="vanityfair"/> While critics praised the film, Glotzer believed that a lackluster review from the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' pushed crowds away.<ref name="vanityfair"/><ref name="BFI2017"/> It received a wide release on October 14, 1994, expanding to a total of 944 theaters to earn $2.4 million—an average of $2,545 per theater—finishing as the number-nine film of the weekend, behind sex-comedy ''[[Exit to Eden (film)|Exit to Eden]]'' ($3 million), and just ahead of the historical drama ''[[Quiz Show (film)|Quiz Show]]'' ($2.1 million), which was in its fifth week at the cinemas.<ref name="Variety20th"/><ref name="BoxOffice"/> ''The Shawshank Redemption'' closed in late November 1994, after 10 weeks with an approximate total gross of $16 million.<ref name="Bomweekends"/> It was initially considered a [[box-office bomb]], failing to recoup its $25 million budget, not including marketing costs and the cinema exhibitors' cuts.<ref name="vanityfair"/>

The film was also competing with ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'' ($108 million), which also premiered October 14 following its [[Palme d'Or]] award win, and ''Forrest Gump'' ($330 million),<ref name="Residuals"/> which was in the middle of a successful 42-week theatrical run.<ref name="BFI2017"/> Both films would become quotable cultural phenomena. A general audience trend towards action films starring the likes of [[Bruce Willis]] and [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] was also considered to work against the commercial success of ''The Shawshank Redemption''.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Freeman blamed the title, saying it was unmemorable,<ref name="vanityfair"/> while Robbins recalled fans asking: "What was that ''Shinkshonk Reduction'' thing?".<ref name="Empire1"/> Several alternative titles had been posited before the release due to concerns that it was not a marketable title.<ref name="AVSadler"/> The low box office was also blamed on a lack of female characters to broaden the audience demographics, the general unpopularity of [[prison film]]s, and the bleak tone used in its marketing.<ref name="Empire1"/><ref name="deadline dec2019"/>

After being nominated for several Oscars in early 1995,<ref name="vanityfair"/> the film was re-released between February and March, earning a further $12&nbsp;million.<ref name="Bomweekends"/><ref name="deadline dec2019"/> In total, the film grossed $28.3&nbsp;million in the United States and Canada,<ref name="BoxOffice"/> and $45&nbsp;million<ref name=ww>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=February 19, 1996|page=1|last=Klady|first=Leonard|title=B.O. with a vengeance: $9.1 billion worldwide}}</ref> from other markets for a worldwide total of $73.3&nbsp;million. In the United States, it became the 51st-highest-grossing film of 1994, and the 21st-highest-grossing [[Motion Picture Association of America film rating system|R-rated]] film of 1994.<ref name="BoxOffice"/>

===Post-theatrical===
Despite its disappointing box-office returns, in what was then considered a risky move, [[Warner Home Video]] shipped 320,000 rental video copies throughout the United States in 1995. It went on to become the top rented film of that year.<ref name="Variety20th"/><ref>{{cite web|date=January 6, 1996 |title=Top Video Rentals |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/90s/1996/BB-1996-01-06.pdf |page=54|magazine= [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref>  Positive recommendations, repeat customer viewings, and being well received by both male and female audiences were considered key to the film's rental success.<ref name="Empire1"/>

[[Ted Turner]]'s [[Turner Broadcasting System]] had acquired Castle Rock Entertainment in 1993, which enabled his television channel, [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]], to obtain the cable-broadcast rights to the film.<ref name="Residuals"/> According to Glotzer, because of the low box-office numbers, TNT could air the film at a very low cost, but still charge premium advertising rates. The film began airing regularly on the network in June 1997.<ref name="Residuals"/><ref name="vanityfair"/> Television airings of the film accrued record-breaking numbers,<ref name="Empire1"/> and its repeated broadcast was considered essential to turning the film into a cultural phenomenon after its poor box-office performance.<ref name="vanityfair"/> Darabont felt the turning point for the film's success was the Academy Award nominations, saying "nobody had heard of the movie, and that year on the Oscar broadcast, they were mentioning this movie seven times".<ref name="LA20th"/> In 1996, the rights to ''The Shawshank Redemption'' were acquired by [[Warner Bros. Pictures]], following the merger of its parent company [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]] with the Turner Broadcasting System.<ref name="nssux"/>

In the United Kingdom, the film was watched by {{Nowrap|1.11 million}} viewers on the [[subscription television]] channel [[Film4]] in 2006, making it the year's second most-watched film on subscription [[digital television]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Statistical Yearbook 2006/2007 |pages=126 |publisher=[[UK Film Council]] |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/uk-film-council-statistical-yearbook-2006-2007.pdf |access-date=21 April 2022 |via=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref>

By 2013, ''The Shawshank Redemption'' had aired on 15 basic cable networks, and in that year occupied 151 hours of airtime, rivaling ''[[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]'' (1983), and behind only ''[[Mrs. Doubtfire]]'' (1993). It was in the top 15% of movies among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 on the [[Paramount Network|Spike]], [[Up TV|Up]], [[Sundance TV]], and [[Lifetime (TV network)|Lifetime]] channels. Despite its mainly male cast, it was the most-watched movie on the female-targeted [[Oprah Winfrey Network|OWN network]]. In a 2014 ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' article, based on the margins studios take from box office returns, home media sales, and television licensing, ''The Shawshank Redemption'' had made an estimated $100 million. Jeff Baker, then-executive vice president and general manager of [[Warner Bros. Discovery Home Entertainment|Warner Bros. Home Entertainment]], said that the home video sales had earned about $80 million.<ref name="Residuals"/> While finances for licensing the film for television are unknown, in 2014, current and former Warner Bros. executives confirmed that it was one of the highest-valued assets in the studio's $1.5 billion library.<ref name="BIAsset"/> That same year, Gunton said that by its tenth anniversary in 2004, he was still earning six-figure [[Residual (entertainment industry)|residual payments]], and was still earning a "substantial income" from it, which was considered unusual so many years after its release.<ref name="BIGunton"/>

==Reception==
===Critical response===
[[File:Roger Deakins Feb-2011 02 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=An older man with medium-length white hair and tanned skin smiles at the camera.|[[Roger Deakins]]'s cinematography was praised by critics,<ref name="RevVariety"/><ref name="RevTHR"/> and his work led to him winning the [[American Society of Cinematographers]] award for [[American Society of Cinematographers Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases|Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography]].<ref name="AccoASC"/>]]
''The Shawshank Redemption'' opened to generally positive reviews.<ref name="THRRegistry"/><ref name="RevTorontoSun"/><ref name="Ebert99"/> Some reviewers compared the film to other well-received prison dramas, including ''[[Birdman of Alcatraz (film)|Birdman of Alcatraz]]'', ''[[Cool Hand Luke]]'', and ''[[Riot in Cell Block 11]]''.<ref name="RevRS"/><ref name="RevCT"/> [[Gene Siskel]] said that, like ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'', ''The Shawshank Redemption'' is an inspirational drama about overcoming overbearing authority.<ref name="RevCT"/> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemascore.com|title=Find CinemaScore|format=Type "Shawshank Redemption, The" in the search box|website=[[CinemaScore]]|access-date=April 7, 2021}}</ref>

''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''{{'}}s [[Owen Gleiberman]] said that Freeman makes the Red character feel genuine and "lived-in".<ref name="RevEW"/> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' said that Freeman was quietly impressive, but lamented that Red's role in the film had limited range, restricted to observing Andy. She considered Freeman's commanding performance made him a much stronger figure than simply an observer. Maslin said that Freeman's performance was especially moving when describing how dependent Red had become on living within the prison walls.<ref name="RevNYT"/> ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''{{'}}s Leonard Klady suggested that Freeman had the "showier" role, allowing him "a grace and dignity that came naturally", without ever becoming banal,<ref name="RevVariety"/> and ''[[The Washington Post]]''{{'}}s [[Desson Thomson|Desson Howe]] called Freeman a "master" of comedic and poignant cadence.<ref name="RevWP"/> Even [[Kenneth Turan]]'s ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' review, which Glotzer credited with derailing the film's box-office success, praised Freeman, saying his "effortless screen presence lends ''Shawshank'' the closest thing to credibility it can manage".<ref name="RevLAT"/>

Of Robbins' performance, Gleiberman said that in his "laconic-good-guy, neo-[[Gary Cooper]] role, [Robbins] is unable to make Andy connect with the audience".<ref name="RevEW"/> Conversely, Maslin said that Andy has the more subdued role, but that Robbins portrays him intensely, and effectively depicts the character as he transitions from new prisoner to aged father figure,<ref name="RevNYT"/> and Klady stated that his "riveting, unfussy ... precise, honest, and seamless" performance anchors the film.<ref name="RevVariety"/> Howe said that while the character is "cheesily messianic" for easily charming everyone to his side, comparing him to "Forrest Gump goes to jail", Robbins exudes the perfect kind of innocence to sell the story.<ref name="RevWP"/> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' stated that both Freeman and Robbins gave outstanding, layered performances that imbued their characters with individuality,<ref name="RevTHR"/> and ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s [[Peter Travers]] said that the pair created something "undeniably powerful and moving".<ref name="RevRS"/> Gunton and Brown were deemed by Klady as "extremely credible in their villainy",<ref name="RevVariety"/> while Howe countered that Gunton's warden was a clichéd character who extols religious virtues while having people murdered.<ref name="RevWP"/>

Maslin called the film an impressive directorial debut that tells a gentle tale with a surprising amount of loving care,<ref name="RevNYT"/> while Klady said the only failings came when Darabont focused for too long on supporting characters, or embellished a secondary story.<ref name="RevVariety"/> ''The Hollywood Reporter'' said that both the directing and writing were crisp, while criticizing the film's long running time.<ref name="RevTHR"/> Klady said that the length and tone, while tempered by humor and unexpected events, would dampen the film's mainstream appeal, but the story offered a fascinating portrait of the innate humanity of the inmates.<ref name="RevVariety"/> Gleiberman disliked that the prisoners' crimes were overlooked to portray them more as good guys.<ref name="RevEW"/> Turan similarly objected to what he perceived as extreme violence and rape scenes, and making most of the prisoners seem like a "bunch of swell and softhearted guys" to cast the prison experience in a "rosy glow".<ref name="RevLAT"/> Klady summarized the film as "estimable and haunting entertainment", comparing it to a rough diamond with small flaws,<ref name="RevVariety"/> but Howe criticized it for deviating with multiple subplots, and pandering by choosing to resolve the story with Andy and Red's reunion, rather than leaving the mystery.<ref name="RevWP"/> Ebert noted that the story works because it is not about Andy as the hero, but how Red perceives him.<ref name="RevEbert"/>

Deakins' cinematography was roundly praised,<ref name="RevVariety"/> with ''The Hollywood Reporter'' calling it "foreboding" and "well-crafted",<ref name="RevTHR"/> and Travers saying "the everyday agonies of prison life are meticulously laid out ... you can almost feel the frustration and rage seeping into the skin of the inmates".<ref name="RevRS"/> Gleiberman praised the choice of scenery, writing "the moss-dark, saturated images have a redolent sensuality; you feel as if you could reach out and touch the prison walls".<ref name="RevEW"/> ''The Hollywood Reporter'' said of Newman's score, "at its best moments, alights with radiant textures and sprightly grace notes, nicely emblematic of the film's central theme",<ref name="RevTHR"/> and Klady described it as "the right balance between the somber and the absurd".<ref name="RevVariety"/>

===Accolades===
The film was nominated for seven [[67th Academy Awards|Academy Awards in 1995]], the most for a [[List of adaptations of works by Stephen King#Films|Stephen King film adaptation]]:<ref name="OscarsMost"/> [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (Marvin), [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Freeman), [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]] (Darabont), [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] (Deakins), [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]] ([[Richard Francis-Bruce]]), [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Robert J. Litt]], [[Elliot Tyson]], [[Michael Herbick]], and [[Willie D. Burton]]),<ref name="Oscars1995"/> and [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] (Newman, his first Academy Award nomination).<ref name="WSJMusic"/> It did not win in any category.<ref name="OscarsMost"/> It received two [[52nd Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award]] nominations: Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture for Freeman, and Best Screenplay for Darabont.<ref name="Globes1994"/>

Robbins and Freeman were both nominated for [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role|Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role]] at the inaugural [[Screen Actors Guild Award]]s in 1995.<ref name="AccoSAG"/> Darabont was nominated for a [[Directors Guild of America]] award in 1994 for Best Director of a feature film,<ref name="AccoDGA"/> and a [[Writers Guild of America Award]] for Best Adapted Screenplay.<ref name="AccoCineplex"/> Deakins won the [[American Society of Cinematographers]] award for [[American Society of Cinematographers Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases|Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography]],<ref name="AccoASC"/> while producer Niki Marvin was nominated for a 1994 [[Producers Guild of America Award|Golden Laurel Award]] by the [[Producers Guild of America]].<ref name="AccoCineplex"/>

==Legacy==
[[File:Shawshank tree, Lucas, Ohio - cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|alt=A black and white photo of a bare tree standing in a field: The tree leans to the right of the image.|The [[Shawshank tree]] after being split by lightning in 2011. It had been a symbol of hope after its role in the film.]]
Darabont later adapted and directed two other King stories, ''[[The Green Mile (film)|The Green Mile]]'' (1999) and ''[[The Mist (film)|The Mist]]'' (2007).<ref name="Oscars20th"/> In a 2016 interview, King said that ''The Shawshank Redemption'' was his favorite adaptation of his work, alongside ''Stand by Me''.<ref name="deadline16"/>

[[Shawshank tree|The oak tree]], under which Andy leaves a note for Red directing him to Zihuatanejo, became a symbol of hope for its role in the film, and is considered iconic.<ref name="guardian16"/><ref name=Tree/> In 2016, ''The New York Times'' reported that the tree attracted thousands of visitors annually.<ref name="TreeNYT"/> The tree was partially destroyed on July 29, 2011, when it was split by lightning, and news of the damage was reported by U.S. and international publications.<ref name=Tree/><ref name="TreeGuardian"/> The tree was completely felled by strong winds on or around July 22, 2016,<ref name=Tree/> and its vestiges were cut down in April 2017.<ref name="TreeWKYC"/> The remains were turned into ''The Shawshank Redemption'' memorabilia, including rock hammers and magnets.<ref name="TreeWKYCMem"/>

The prison site, which was planned to be fully torn down after filming,<ref name="NPROnLoc"/><ref name="ign 25th"/> became a tourist attraction.<ref name="avclub mansfield"/> The Mansfield Reformatory Preservation Society, a group of enthusiasts of the film, purchased the building and site from Ohio for one dollar in 2000 and took up maintaining it as a historical landmark, both as its purpose as a prison and as the filming site.<ref name="NPROnLoc"/><ref name="Cleveland19"/> A 2019 report estimated the attraction to be earning $16 million in annual revenue.<ref name="deadline dec2019"/> Many of the rooms and props remain there, including the false pipe through which Andy escapes,<ref name="NPROnLoc"/> and a portion of the oak tree from the finale, after it was damaged in 2011.<ref name="NYT2014"/> The surrounding area is also visited by fans, while local businesses market "Shawshanwiches" and [[Bundt cake]]s in the shape of the prison.<ref name="NPROnLoc"/> According to the Mansfield/Richland County Convention and Visitors Bureau (later renamed Destination Mansfield),<ref name="USATOday17"/> tourism in the area had increased every year since ''The Shawshank Redemption'' premiered, and in 2013 drew in 18,000 visitors and over $3 million to the local economy.<ref name="NYT2014"/> As of 2019, Destination Mansfield operates the Shawshank Trail, a series of 15 marked stops around locations related to the film across Mansfield, Ashland, Upper Sandusky, and St Croix. The trail earned $16.9&nbsp;million in revenue in 2018.<ref name="USATOday17"/><ref name="WAPoAug19"/>

In late August 2014, a series of events was held in Mansfield to celebrate the film's 20th anniversary including a screening of the film at the Renaissance Theatre, a bus tour of certain filming locations, and a cocktail party at the reformatory. Cast from the film attended some of the events, including Gunton, Scott Mann, Renee Blaine, and James Kisicki.<ref name="Cleveland"/> The 25th anniversary was similarly celebrated in August 2019.<ref name="Cleveland2"/> Guests included Darabont, Blaine, Mann, Gunton, Alfonso Freeman,<ref name="WAPoAug19"/> Bellows, Rolston, Claire Slemmer,<ref name="WMFDTV"/> and Frank Medrano.<ref name="MansfieldJourno2019"/> Darabont stated that only at this event, the first time he had returned to Mansfield, was he able to realize the lasting impact of the film, stating, "It is a very surreal feeling to be back all these years later and people are still talking about it."<ref name="ign 25th"/>

===Critical reassessment===
Contemporary [[Review aggregator|review aggregation]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] gives the film an 89% approval rating from 146 critics, with an [[weighted mean|average]] rating of 8.30/10. The consensus reads, "Steeped in old-fashioned storytelling and given evergreen humanity by Morgan Freeman and Tim Robbins, ''The Shawshank Redemption'' chronicles the hardship of incarceration patiently enough to come by its uplift honestly."<ref name="RevRT"/> The film also has a score of 82 out of 100 on [[Metacritic]] based on 22 critics indicating "universal acclaim".<ref name="RevMeta"/>

In 1999, film critic Roger Ebert listed ''Shawshank'' on his list of ''[[The Great Movies]]''.<ref name="Ebert99"/> The [[American Film Institute]] ranked the film number 72 on its 2007 [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] list, outranking ''Forrest Gump'' (76) and ''Pulp Fiction'' (94) which were released the same year.<ref name="AFI100Movie98"/><ref name="100Movies07"/> It was also number 23 on [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers]] (2006) list charting inspiring films.<ref name="AFI100Cheers"/>

In 2005, the [[Writers Guild of America]] listed Darabont's screenplay at number 22 on its list of the 101 greatest screenplays,<ref name="WGA101"/> and in 2006, [[Film4]] listed it number 13 on its list of [[50 Films to See Before You Die]].<ref name="Film4"/> In 2014, ''The Shawshank Redemption'' was named Hollywood's fourth-favorite film, based on a survey of 2,120 Hollywood-based entertainment industry members; entertainment lawyers skewed the most towards the film.<ref name="RankingTHR"/> In 2017, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' named it the 17th-best prison film ever made,<ref name="LegacyTelegraph"/> and ''[[USA Today]]'' listed it as one of the 50 best films of all time.<ref name="LegacyUSAToday"/> In 2019, ''[[GamesRadar+]]'' listed its ending as one of the best of all time.<ref name="GRadar2019"/>

''The Shawshank Redemption'' appeared on several lists of the greatest films of the 1990s, by outlets including: ''[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]'' and ''[[NME]]'' (2012),<ref name="RankingPaste"/><ref name="RankingNME"/> ''[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]'' (2013),<ref name="RankingComplex"/> [[CHUD.com]] (2014),<ref name="RankingCHUD"/> [[MSN]] (2015),<ref name="LegacyMSN"/> ''[[TheWrap]]'',<ref name="Legacythewrap"/> ''[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]'',<ref name="LegacyMaxim"/> and ''Rolling Stone'' (all 2017).<ref name="RankingRS"/>

===Cultural influence===
[[File:The Shawshank Redemption post-escape scene.webm|thumb|The shot of Andy standing in the thunderstorm, arms open and drenched in rain, is widely considered one of the most significant visuals in cinema.<ref name="ign darabont 2019"/><ref name="GRadarOctober182019"/>|thumbtime=54]]
In November 2014, the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] celebrated the film's 20th anniversary with a special one-night screening at the [[Samuel Goldwyn Theater]] in [[Beverly Hills, California]].<ref name="LA20th"/> In 2015, the film was selected by the United States [[Library of Congress]] to be preserved in the [[National Film Registry]] for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Darabont responded: "I can think of no greater honor than for ''The Shawshank Redemption'' to be considered part of our country's cinematic legacy."<ref name="THRRegistry"/> ''Variety'' said that the word "Shawshank" could be used to instantly convey images of a prison.<ref name="Variety20th"/>

The significant and enduring public appreciation for the film has often been difficult for critics to define.<ref name="THRRegistry"/> In an interview, Freeman said, "About everywhere you go, people say, {{'}}''The Shawshank Redemption''—greatest movie I ever saw{{'}}" and that such praise "Just comes out of them". Robbins said, "I swear to God, all over the world—all over the world—wherever I go, there are people who say, 'That movie changed my life{{'"}}.<ref name="vanityfair"/> In a separate interview, Stephen King said, "If that isn't the best [adaptation of my works], it's one of the two or three best, and certainly, in moviegoers' minds, it's probably the best because it generally rates at the top of these surveys they have of movies. ... I never expected anything to happen with it."<ref name="HuffPo2014"/> In a 2014 ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' article, Robbins claimed that South African politician [[Nelson Mandela]] told him about his love for the film,<ref name="vanityfair"/> while it has been cited as a source of inspiration by several sportsmen including [[Jonny Wilkinson]] (UK), [[Agustín Pichot]] (Argentina), [[Al Charron]] (Canada), and [[Dan Lyle]] (USA),<ref name="Gilbey"/> and [[Sarah, Duchess of York|Sarah Ferguson, the Duchess of York]].{{Sfn|Kermode|2003|p=7}} Gunton said he had encountered fans in Morocco, Australia, South America,<ref name="AVGunton"/> Germany, France, and [[Bora Bora]].<ref name="PotMGunton"/> Director [[Steven Spielberg]] said that the film was "a chewing-gum movie—if you step on it, it sticks to your shoe".<ref name="DB14"/> Speaking on the film's 25th anniversary, Darabont said that older generations were sharing it with younger generations, contributing to its longevity.<ref name="deadline dec2019"/>

It has been the number-one film on [[IMDb]]'s [[User-generated content|user-generated]] [[IMDb#Rankings|Top 250]] since 2008, when it surpassed ''[[The Godfather]]'', having remained at or near the top since the late 1990s.<ref name="vanityfair"/><ref name="AVFilm14"/> In the United Kingdom, readers of ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' voted the film as the best of the 1990s, the greatest film of all time in 2006, and it placed number four on ''Empire''{{'}}s 2008 list of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time" and their 2017 list of "The 100 Greatest Movies".<ref name="Empire1"/><ref name="EmpireStandard"/><ref name="Empire500Greatest"/><ref name="Empire2"/> In March 2011, the film was voted by [[BBC Radio 1]] and [[BBC Radio 1Xtra]] listeners as their favorite film of all time.<ref name="BBCRADIO1"/> It regularly appears on ''Empire''{{'}}s top 100 films, was named the greatest film to not win the Academy Award for Best Picture in a 2013 poll by [[Sky UK]] (it lost to ''Forrest Gump''),<ref name="CulturalSky"/> and ranked as Britain's favorite film in a 2015 [[YouGov]] poll. When the [[British Film Institute]] analyzed the demographic breakdown of the YouGov poll, it noted that ''The Shawshank Redemption'' was not the top-ranked film in any group, but was the only film to appear in the top 15 of every age group, suggesting it is able to connect with every polled age group, unlike ''Pulp Fiction'' which fared better with younger voters, and ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' (1939) with older voters.<ref name="BFI2017"/>

A 2017 poll conducted by [[Gatwick Airport]] also identified the film as the fourth-best to watch while in flight.<ref name="NME17"/> When English film critic [[Mark Kermode]] interviewed a host of United States moviegoers, they compared it to a "religious experience".<ref name="BFI2017"/> It was also voted as [[New Zealand]]'s favorite film in a 2015 poll.<ref name="StuffNZ"/> Lasting fan appreciation has led to it being considered one of the most beloved films of all time.<ref name="vanityfair"/><ref name="Variety20th"/><ref name="WAPoAug19"/><ref name="IndieWireBeloved"/><ref name="MaximBeloved"/>

==See also==
*[[List of cult films]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="AccoASC">{{cite web |url=http://www.theasc.com/asc_news/awards/awards_history.php| title=9th Annual ASC Awards&nbsp;– 1994| website=[[American Society of Cinematographers]] |date=1994 |access-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110802060537/http://www.theasc.com/asc_news/awards/awards_history.php |archive-date=August 2, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="AccoCineplex">{{cite web |url=https://www.cineplex.com/Movie/the-shawshank-redemption-presented-at-the-great-digital-film-festival |title=The Shawshank Redemption&nbsp;– Presented at The Great Digital Film Festival |date=February 7, 2010 |access-date=September 24, 2017 |website=[[Cineplex Entertainment]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170924210839/https://www.cineplex.com/Movie/the-shawshank-redemption-presented-at-the-great-digital-film-festival |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AccoDGA">{{cite news |first=Elaine |last=Dutka |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-01-24-ca-23550-story.html |title=DGA Nods: What's It Mean for the Oscars? : Movies: The surprising nominations of Frank Darabont ("Shawshank Redemption") and Mike Newell ("Four Weddings and a Funeral") may throw a twist into the Academy Awards |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 24, 1995 |access-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306165205/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-01-24/entertainment/ca-23550_1_dga-nomination |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="AccoSAG">{{cite web |url=http://www.sagawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/inaugural-screen-actors-guild-awards |title=The Inaugural Screen Actors Guild Awards |website=[[Screen Actors Guild Awards]] |year=1995 |access-date=October 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105211539/http://www.sagawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/inaugural-screen-actors-guild-awards |archive-date=January 5, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AFI100Movie98">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf |title=America's Greatest Movies |website=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=July 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026011242/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies400.pdf |archive-date=October 26, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<!-- <ref name="AFIheroesvillains">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/handv400.pdf |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains |website=American Film Institute |access-date=July 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022712/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/handv400.pdf |archive-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref> -->

<!-- <ref name="AFI100Songs04">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs |website=American Film Institute |access-date=July 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221030634/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/songs400.pdf |archive-date=February 21, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> -->

<!-- <ref name="AFI100Quotes05">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/quotes400.pdf |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes |website=American Film Institute |access-date=July 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628043426/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/quotes400.pdf |archive-date=June 28, 2011 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> -->

<!-- <ref name="AFI100Scores">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/scores250.pdf |title=AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores |website=American Film Institute |access-date=July 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106023410/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100years/scores250.pdf |archive-date=November 6, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> -->

<ref name="AFI100Cheers">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/cheers100.pdf |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers |website=American Film Institute |access-date=July 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316140946/http://afi.com/Docs/100Years/cheers100.pdf |archive-date=March 16, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="100Movies07">{{cite web |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/100Movies.pdf |title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies&nbsp;– 10th Anniversary Edition |website=American Film Institute |access-date=July 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606072909/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/100Movies.pdf |archive-date=June 6, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="avclub mansfield">{{cite web |url=https://www.avclub.com/cleveland-the-shawshank-redemption-prison-1798163251 |title=Cleveland: The Shawshank Redemption prison |date=March 8, 2011 |access-date=September 14, 2017 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170914221235/https://music.avclub.com/cleveland-the-shawshank-redemption-prison-1798163251 |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVFilm14">{{cite web |first=A.A. |last=Dowd |url =https://www.avclub.com/escape-is-the-unlikely-link-between-the-shawshank-redem-1798271320 |title=Escape is the unlikely link between The Shawshank Redemption and Natural Born Killers |date=August 19, 2014 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |website=The A.V. Club |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170923222232/https://film.avclub.com/escape-is-the-unlikely-link-between-the-shawshank-redem-1798271320 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVGunton">{{cite web |first=Will |last=Harris |url=https://www.avclub.com/bob-gunton-on-daredevil-greg-the-bunny-and-the-shawsh-1798279793 |title =Bob Gunton on Daredevil, Greg The Bunny, and The Shawshank Redemption |date=June 20, 2015 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |website=The A.V. Club |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924204627/https://tv.avclub.com/bob-gunton-on-daredevil-greg-the-bunny-and-the-shawsh-1798279793 |archive-date= September 24, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="AVSadler">{{cite web |first=Will |last=Harris |url=https://www.avclub.com/william-sadler-on-freedom-naked-tai-chi-and-getting-s-1798281483 |title =William Sadler on Freedom, naked tai chi, and getting silly as the Grim Reaper |date=July 5, 2015 |access-date=September 24, 2017 |website=The A.V. Club |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928213342/https://film.avclub.com/william-sadler-on-freedom-naked-tai-chi-and-getting-s-1798281483 |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BBCRADIO1">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/radio1movies/ |title=Your favourite movies! |website=[[BBC Radio 1]] |date=March 10, 2011 | access-date=November 27, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424023704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/radio1movies/ |archive-date=April 24, 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="BFI2017">{{cite web |first=Paul |last=Callaghan |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/shawshank-redemption-greatest-film-frank-darabont |title=How The Shawshank Redemption became the internet's favourite film |date=September 22, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |website=[[British Film Institute]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170924162407/http://www.businessinsider.com/the-shawshank-redemption-151-hours-of-cable-air-time-in-2013-2014-5?IR=T |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BIAsset">{{cite web |first=Frank |last=Pallotta |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-shawshank-redemption-151-hours-of-cable-air-time-in-2013-2014-5?IR=T |title='The Shawshank Redemption' Accounted For A Huge Amount Of Cable Air Time In 2013 |date=May 28, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2017 |website=[[Business Insider]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170923214111/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/features/shawshank-redemption-greatest-film-frank-darabont |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="BIGunton">{{cite web |first=Aly |last=Weisman |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/actors-from-shawshank-redemption-residual-pay-2014-6?IR=T |title=The Actors From 'Shawshank Redemption' Still Make A 'Steady' Income Off TV Residual Checks |date=June 4, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2017 |website=Business Insider |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170924162516/http://www.businessinsider.com/actors-from-shawshank-redemption-residual-pay-2014-6?IR=T |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Bomweekends">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=shawshankredemption.htm |title=The Shawshank Redemption (1994)&nbsp;– Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=April 29, 2011 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113073945/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=shawshankredemption.htm |archive-date=January 13, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="BoxOffice">{{cite web |title=The Shawshank Redemption (1994) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shawshankredemption.htm |website=Box Office Mojo |access-date=January 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102104349/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=shawshankredemption.htm |archive-date=January 2, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Cast">{{cite magazine |url=https://tvguide.com/movies/the-shawshank-redemption/cast/130177/ |title=The Shawshank Redemption |magazine=[[TV Guide]] |access-date=November 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171102230353/http://www.tvguide.com/movies/the-shawshank-redemption/cast/130177/ |archive-date=November 2, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="CastBogs">{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/mark-rolston-57583184/ |title=Mark Rolston |agency=[[Hollywood.com]] |access-date=November 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171102233553/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/mark-rolston-57583184/ |archive-date=November 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CastMJ">{{cite news |first=Courtney |last=McNaull |url=http://www.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/life/2017/06/01/shawshank-hustle-back-third-year/349191001/ |title=Shawshank Hustle back for third year |newspaper=[[Mansfield News Journal]] |date=June 1, 2017 |access-date=November 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202755/https://www.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/life/2017/06/01/shawshank-hustle-back-third-year/349191001/ |archive-date=April 24, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Cineworld">{{cite web |first=Sean |last=Wilson |title=The scariest Stephen King characters to stalk the screen |url=https://www.cineworld.co.uk/blog/pennywise-scariest-stephen-king-characters |website=[[Cineworld]] |date=August 22, 2017 |access-date=November 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171104124917/https://www.cineworld.co.uk/blog/pennywise-scariest-stephen-king-characters |archive-date=November 4, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Cleveland">{{cite news |url=http://www.cleveland.com/travel/index.ssf/2014/08/the_shawshank_redemption_20_ye.html |title='The Shawshank Redemption' 20 years later: Mansfield celebrates its role in the classic film |newspaper=[[The Plain Dealer]] |first=Susan |last=Glaser |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032220/http://www.cleveland.com/travel/index.ssf/2014/08/the_shawshank_redemption_20_ye.html|archive-date=November 17, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Cleveland2">{{cite news |first=Sarah |last=Brookbank |title=Shawshank Redemption cast to reunite in Mansfield for 25th anniversary |url=https://eu.cincinnati.com/story/news/2019/03/08/shawshank-redemption-25th-anniversary-cast-reunite-mansfield/3101908002/ |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=March 8, 2019 |access-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418223946/https://eu.cincinnati.com/story/news/2019/03/08/shawshank-redemption-25th-anniversary-cast-reunite-mansfield/3101908002/ |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Cleveland3">{{cite news |first=Lou |last=Whitmire |url=https://eu.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/entertainment/2019/03/25/events-commemorate-25th-anniversary-shawshank-redemption-ohio-state-reformatory/3267141002/ |title=Tickets available for events celebrating 25th anniversary of 'Shawshank' |newspaper=[[Mansfield News Journal]] |date=March 25, 2019 |access-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190418224501/https://eu.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/entertainment/2019/03/25/events-commemorate-25th-anniversary-shawshank-redemption-ohio-state-reformatory/3267141002/ |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Cleveland19">{{cite news |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2019/07/shawshank-25th-anniversary-how-movie-redeemed-mansfields-notorious-ohio-state-reformatory.html |first=Susan |last=Glasser |date=July 21, 2019 |access-date=September 25, 2019 |title='Shawshank' 25th anniversary: How movie redeemed Mansfield's notorious Ohio State Reformatory |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722115434/https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2019/07/shawshank-25th-anniversary-how-movie-redeemed-mansfields-notorious-ohio-state-reformatory.html |archive-date=July 22, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ColumbusDispatch">{{cite news| first=Steve |last=Stephens |title=Ticket to Write: 'Shawshank' scene to be marked on St. Croix |url=http://www.dispatch.com/entertainmentlife/20170903/ticket-to-write-shawshank-scene-to-be-marked-on-st-croix |newspaper=[[The Columbus Dispatch]] |date=September 3, 2017 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917204030/http://www.dispatch.com/entertainmentlife/20170903/ticket-to-write-shawshank-scene-to-be-marked-on-st-croix |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Cosmo15">{{cite magazine |title=15 Things You Didn't Know About The Shawshank Redemption |magazine=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]] |url=http://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/conversation-starters/20-things-didnt-know-shawshank-redemption |access-date=October 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171001211412/http://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/conversation-starters/20-things-didnt-know-shawshank-redemption |archive-date=October 1, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Comingsoon">{{cite web |first=John |last=Nichol |url=https://comingsoon.net/horror/news/747602-interview-actor-william-sadler-talks-tales-crypt-shawshank-mist |title=Interview: Actor William Sadler Talks Tales From The Crypt, Shawshank, The Mist And More |website=ComingSoon.net |date=November 2, 2015 |access-date=November 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171103192151/http://www.comingsoon.net/horror/news/747602-interview-actor-william-sadler-talks-tales-crypt-shawshank-mist |archive-date=November 3, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="CulturalSky">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/shawshank-redemption-voted-best-oscars-also-ran-8487214.html |title=Shawshank Redemption voted 'best Oscars also-ran' |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=February 8, 2013 |access-date=January 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180113225438/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/shawshank-redemption-voted-best-oscars-also-ran-8487214.html |archive-date=January 13, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="DB14">{{cite web |first=Bill |last=Schulz |title=20 Things You Didn't Know About 'The Shawshank Redemption' |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=August 27, 2014 |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-shawshank-redemption |access-date=September 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170920215143/http://www.thedailybeast.com/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-shawshank-redemption |archive-date=September 20, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="deadline16">{{cite news |first=Mike Jr. |last=Fleming |title=Stephen King On What Hollywood Owes Authors When Their Books Become Films: Q&A |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=February 2, 2016 |url=https://deadline.com/2016/02/stephen-king-what-hollywood-owes-authors-when-their-books-become-films-q-a-the-dark-tower-the-shining-1201694691/ |access-date=September 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160203061225/https://deadline.com/2016/02/stephen-king-what-hollywood-owes-authors-when-their-books-become-films-q-a-the-dark-tower-the-shining-1201694691/ |archive-date=February 3, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="deadline dec2019">{{cite web| first= Geoff | last = Boucher |url = https://deadline.com/2019/12/shawshank-redemption-25-years-frank-darabont-anniversary-interview-1202759221/ | title = 'The Shawshank Redemption' At 25: Frank Darabont's Great Escape – Q&A  | date = December 27, 2019 | access-date = December 30, 2019 | website= [[Deadline Hollywood]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104223542/https://deadline.com/2019/12/shawshank-redemption-25-years-frank-darabont-anniversary-interview-1202759221/ |archive-date=January 4, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Ebert99">{{cite news |first=Roger |last=Ebert |title=Great Movies: The Shawshank Redemption |author-link=Roger Ebert |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19991017/REVIEWS08/910170301/1023 |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=October 17, 1999 |access-date=April 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911154037/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19991017%2FREVIEWS08%2F910170301%2F1023 |archive-date=September 11, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EbertGreatness">{{cite web |first=Gerardo |last=Valero |title=The "Shawshank" Greatness, Part II |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |date=June 6, 2016 |url=https://rogerebert.com/far-flung-correspondents/shawshank-greatness-ii |access-date=September 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170930112839/http://www.rogerebert.com/far-flung-correspondents/shawshank-greatness-ii |archive-date=September 30, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Empire1">{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Kermode |title=Hope springs eternal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/aug/22/film |newspaper=[[The Observer]] |date=August 22, 2004 |access-date=September 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216202820/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/aug/22/film |archive-date=December 16, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Empire2">{{cite news |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/ |title=The 100 Greatest Movies |magazine=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=June 23, 2017 |access-date=November 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171129203213/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/ |archive-date=November 29, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Empire500Greatest">{{cite news |url=https://empireonline.com/500/96.asp| title=The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time |magazine=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |year=2008 |access-date=September 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323151730/http://www.empireonline.com/500/96.asp |archive-date=March 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="EmpireStandard">{{cite news |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/film/shawshank-is-best-ever-film-7277210.html |title=Shawshank is 'best ever film' |newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]] |date=January 27, 2006 |access-date=January 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113215339/https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/film/shawshank-is-best-ever-film-7277210.html |archive-date=January 13, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EWSep3094">{{cite magazine |title='The Shawshank Redemption': 2 Pros and Countless Cons |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 30, 1994 |url=https://ew.com/article/1994/09/30/shawshank-redemption-2-pros-and-countless-cons/ |access-date=September 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170920211052/http://ew.com/article/1994/09/30/shawshank-redemption-2-pros-and-countless-cons/ |archive-date=September 20, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Film4">{{cite news |title=Film4's 50 Films To See Before You Die |website=[[Channel 4]] |access-date=August 20, 2019 |url=http://www.channel4.com/film/reviews/feature.jsp?id=161521&page=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221054610/http://www.channel4.com/film/reviews/feature.jsp?id=161521&page=4| archive-date= February 21, 2009 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Gilbey">{{cite news|title=Film: Why are we still so captivated? |first=Ryan |last=Gilbey |newspaper=[[The Sunday Times]] |date=September 26, 2004 |url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article486088.ece |access-date=April 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615130543/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article486088.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Globes1994">{{cite web|url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/year/1994 |title=The 52nd Annual Golden Globe Awards (1995) |website=[[Golden Globe Awards]] |access-date=September 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229124115/http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/year/1994 |archive-date=December 29, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="GRadarOctober182019">{{cite web |last1=Shepherd |first1=Jack |last2=Crowther |first2=Jane |title=Roger Deakins on iconic Shawshank Redemption shot: "That's one of those ones that I hate" |date=October 18, 2019 |website=[[GamesRadar+]] |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/roger-deakins-shawshank-redemption-rain-shot/ |access-date=October 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191018155140/https://www.gamesradar.com/roger-deakins-shawshank-redemption-rain-shot/ |archive-date=October 18, 2019 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="GRadar2019">{{cite web |last=Edwards |first=Rich |title=The 25 best movie endings of all time, from Casablanca to Avengers: Infinity War
 |date=August 15, 2019 |website=[[GamesRadar+]] |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/best-movie-endings-all-time/2/ |access-date=January 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922094738/https://www.gamesradar.com/best-movie-endings-all-time/2/ |archive-date=September 22, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="HuffPo2014">{{cite news |last=Branch |first=Chris |title=Stephen King Thought The 'Shawshank Redemption' Screenplay Was 'Too Talky' |date=September 24, 2014 |website=[[HuffPost]] |url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/24/stephen-king-shawshank-redemption_n_5877810.html|access-date=July 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716063437/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/24/stephen-king-shawshank-redemption_n_5877810.html|archive-date=July 16, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="ign darabont 2019">{{cite web |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2019/12/25/the-shawshank-redemption-andy-prison-escape-break-making-of |title=The Shawshank Redemption at 25: The Story Behind Andy's Iconic Prison Escape |first=Tara |last=Bennett |date=December 25, 2019 |access-date=January 5, 2020 |website=[[IGN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226012110/https://uk.ign.com/articles/2019/12/25/the-shawshank-redemption-andy-prison-escape-break-making-of |archive-date=December 26, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Oscars1995">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1995 |title=The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners |website=[[Academy Awards]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402004445/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1995 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Gizmodo">{{cite web |last=Pritchard |first=Tom |title=All The Easter Eggs and References Hiding in Thor: Ragnarok |date=October 29, 2017 |website=[[Gizmodo]] |url=http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2017/10/all-the-easter-eggs-and-references-hiding-in-thor-ragnarok/ |access-date=November 2, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171102224002/http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2017/10/all-the-easter-eggs-and-references-hiding-in-thor-ragnarok/ |archive-date=November 2, 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="guardian16">{{cite news | first=Nigel | last=Smith | title=Rotten luck: tree from The Shawshank Redemption toppled by strong winds | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jul/25/shawshank-redemption-tree-topples-ohio |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | date=July 25, 2016 | access-date=September 17, 2017 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917200258/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jul/25/shawshank-redemption-tree-topples-ohio | archive-date=September 17, 2017 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="ign 25th">{{cite web |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/09/25/the-shawshank-redemption-at-25-frank-darabont-on-his-return-to-the-real-shawshank |title=The Shawshank Redemption at 25: Frank Darabont on His Return to the Real Shawshank |first=Tara |last=Bennett |date=September 25, 2019 |access-date=September 25, 2019 |website=[[IGN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927005710/https://www.ign.com/articles/2019/09/25/the-shawshank-redemption-at-25-frank-darabont-on-his-return-to-the-real-shawshank |archive-date=September 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IndieWireBeloved">{{cite magazine |first=Zack |last=Sharf |title=Tim Robbins Blames 'Shawshank' Box Office Flop on Title No One Could Remember |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/10/tim-robbins-blames-shawshank-box-office-flop-bad-title-1202181602/ |magazine=[[IndieWire]] |date=October 15, 2019 |access-date=January 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022073711/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/10/tim-robbins-blames-shawshank-box-office-flop-bad-title-1202181602/ |archive-date=October 22, 2019  |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Kennebeck">{{cite news |first=J.P. |last=Devine |title=J.P. Devine MIFF Movie Review: 'The Shawshank Redemption' |url=http://www.centralmaine.com/2017/07/14/j-p-devine-miff-movie-review-the-shawshank-redemption/ |newspaper=[[Kennebec Journal]] |date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=November 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171102222232/http://www.centralmaine.com/2017/07/14/j-p-devine-miff-movie-review-the-shawshank-redemption/ |archive-date=November 2, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="LA20th">{{cite news |first=Susan |last=King |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/classichollywood/la-et-mn-ca-shawshank-classic-hollywood-20141116-story.html |title=Classic Hollywood Reconnecting with 'The Shawshank Redemption' |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=November 16, 2014 |access-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170921164228/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/classichollywood/la-et-mn-ca-shawshank-classic-hollywood-20141116-story.html |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="LATIMES1993">{{cite news |first=Robin |last=Rauzi |title=Doing 'Redemption' Time in a Former Prison |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-12-01-ca-62788-story.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 1, 1993 |access-date=September 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411060835/http://articles.latimes.com/1993-12-01/entertainment/ca-62788_1_ohio-reformatory |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="LATOct94">{{cite news |first=Irene |last=Lacher |title=The Prize: Directing 'Shawshank': Frank Darabont Didn't Want to Just Write the Screenplay, So He Took a Pay Cut |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-10-05-ca-46682-story.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=October 5, 1994 |access-date=September 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170929213156/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-10-05/entertainment/ca-46682_1_frank-darabont |archive-date=September 29, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="LAWarden">{{cite news |first=Mary |last=Forgione |url=https://latimes.com/travel/la-trb-ohio-shawshank-redemption-20140708-story.html |title='Shawshank Redemption' at 20? Ohio prison, film sites plan events |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 9, 2014 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170923224007/http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-trb-ohio-shawshank-redemption-20140708-story.html |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="LegacyMaxim">{{cite news |first=John |last=Sciarrino |url=https://www.maxim.com/entertainment/best-movies-of-the-90s-2017-4 |title=The 30 Greatest Movies Of The '90S, Ranked |magazine=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]] |date=April 3, 2017 |access-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921075243/https://www.maxim.com/entertainment/best-movies-of-the-90s-2017-4 |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="LegacyMSN">{{cite news |first=Rachel |last=Horner |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/movies/gallery/top-50-movies-from-the-90s/ss-BBndAzm#image=49 |title=Top 50 Movies From the '90s |website=[[MSN]] |date=April 3, 2017 |access-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180112234215/https://www.msn.com/en-us/movies/gallery/top-50-movies-from-the-90s/ss-BBndAzm%23image=49 |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="LegacyTelegraph">{{cite news |first=Tim |last=Robey |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/best-prison-movies-ever-made/shawshank-redemption/ |title=From Shawshank to Scum: the 20 best prison movies ever made |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=July 23, 2017 |access-date=January 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180111224418/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/best-prison-movies-ever-made/shawshank-redemption/ |archive-date=January 11, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Legacythewrap">{{cite magazine |first=Brian |last=Welk |url=https://www.thewrap.com/90-best-movies-90s-honor-cnns-nineties-photos/ |title=90 Best Movies of the '90s, From 'The Silence of the Lambs' to 'The Matrix' (Photos) |magazine=[[TheWrap]] |date=July 13, 2017 |access-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180112233707/https://www.thewrap.com/90-best-movies-90s-honor-cnns-nineties-photos/ |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="LegacyUSAToday">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/money/business/2017/11/16/50-best-movies-of-all-time/107751144/ |title=50 best movies of all time |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=December 23, 2017 |access-date=April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419214949/https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/money/business/2017/11/16/50-best-movies-of-all-time/107751144/ |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MansfieldJourno2019">{{cite news |first=Zach |last=Tuggle |title=Memories aplenty during Shawshank's 25th anniversary |url=https://eu.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/news/2019/08/17/memories-aplenty-during-shawshanks-25th-anniversary/2001889001/ |date=August 17, 2019 |newspaper=[[Mansfield News Journal]] |access-date=September 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909220606/https://www.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/news/2019/08/17/memories-aplenty-during-shawshanks-25th-anniversary/2001889001/ |archive-date=September 9, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MaximBeloved">{{cite magazine |first=Zeynep |last=Yenisey |title=25 Facts About 'the Shawshank Redemption' You Probably Didn't Know |url=https://www.maxim.com/entertainment/shawshank-redemption-anniversary-facts-2019-9 |magazine=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]] |date=September 10, 2019 |access-date=January 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911031449/https://www.maxim.com/entertainment/shawshank-redemption-anniversary-facts-2019-9 |archive-date=September 11, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Moorhouse">{{cite web |url=http://mises.org/story/3129 |title=Stop Worrying about the Election |first=Isaac M. |last=Morehouse |date=October 3, 2008 |website=[[Ludwig von Mises Institute]] |access-date=November 24, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429062011/http://mises.org/story/3129 |archive-date=April 29, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="MSNFacts">{{cite web |first=Sean |last=Hutchinson |title=15 Things You Might Not Know About The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/entertainment/movies/news/15-things-you-might-not-know-about-the-shawshank-redemption/ar-AAeHkzv#page=1 |website=[[MSN]] |date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=November 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171104130800/https://www.msn.com/en-au/entertainment/movies/news/15-things-you-might-not-know-about-the-shawshank-redemption/ar-AAeHkzv%23page=1 |archive-date=November 4, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="NME17">{{cite magazine |first=Luke |last=Morgan Britton |title=Top 10 films to watch on a flight revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/top-ten-films-watch-plane-2142297 |date=September 18, 2017 |magazine=[[NME]] |access-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170923215954/http://www.nme.com/news/film/top-ten-films-watch-plane-2142297 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="NPROnLoc">{{cite episode |first=Cory |last=Turner |title=On Location: Mansfield, Ohio's 'Shawshank' Industry |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/08/04/138986482/on-location-mansfield-ohios-shawshank-industry |date=August 4, 2011 |series=[[All Things Considered]] |network=[[NPR]] |access-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415104847/http://www.npr.org/2011/08/04/138986482/on-location-mansfield-ohios-shawshank-industry |archive-date=April 15, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="NYT2014">{{cite news |first=Cory |last=Turner |title=Visiting 'Shawshank' Sites, 20 Years Later |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/travel/visiting-shawshank-sites-20-years-later.html |date=August 7, 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170916223245/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/travel/visiting-shawshank-sites-20-years-later.html?mcubz=0 |archive-date=September 16, 2017 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

<ref name="nssux">{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Cox |title=Castle Rock near split-rights deal |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/castle-rock-near-split-rights-deal-111741789/ |date=December 6, 1997 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=January 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180121194127/http://variety.com/1997/film/news/castle-rock-near-split-rights-deal-111741789/ |archive-date=January 21, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="NYTExtras">{{cite news |first=Mark |last=Emery |title='The Shawshank Redemption': 10 fun facts about the movie 21 years after its release |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/10-fun-facts-shawshank-redemption-21-years-article-1.2371800 |date=September 23, 2015 |newspaper=[[New York Daily News]] |access-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170921205837/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/10-fun-facts-shawshank-redemption-21-years-article-1.2371800 |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Oscars20th">{{cite web |title=The Shawshank Redemption |url=http://www.oscars.org/events/shawshank-redemption |website=[[Academy Awards]] |date=November 18, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170924192813/http://www.oscars.org/events/shawshank-redemption |archive-date=September 24, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="OscarsMost">{{cite web |url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/article.aspx?news=151714 |title=The Best and Worst of Stephen King's Movies |website=[[MSN]] |date=October 20, 2012 |access-date=January 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203055217/http://movies.msn.com/movies/article.aspx?news=151714 |archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="PhilosophyNow14">{{cite magazine |last=Hooke| first=Alexander |date=May–June 2014 |title=The Shawshank Redemption |magazine=[[Philosophy Now]] | url=http://philosophynow.org/issues/102/The_Shawshank_Redemption |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140603123725/http://philosophynow.org/issues/102/The_Shawshank_Redemption| archive-date=June 3, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="PotMGunton">{{cite web |last=Voisin |first=Scott |title=Character King Bob Gunton on The Shawshank Redemption |url=http://www.videoscopemag.com/interview_bgunton.php |website=[[The Phantom of the Movies' Videoscope]] |access-date=September 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170925204142/http://www.videoscopemag.com/interview_bgunton.php |archive-date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="RankingCHUD">{{cite news |first=Nick |last=Nunziata |title=The 100 Best Movies Ever – The Shawshank Redemption (#4) |url=http://www.chud.com/159524/the-100-best-movies-ever-the-shawshank-redemption-4/ |date=December 29, 2014 |agency=[[CHUD.com]] |access-date=January 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180113225629/http://www.chud.com/159524/the-100-best-movies-ever-the-shawshank-redemption-4/ |archive-date=January 13, 2018 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="RankingComplex">{{cite web |title=The 50 Best Movies of the '90s |url=http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/06/the-50-best-movies-of-the-90s/ |magazine=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] |date=June 22, 2013 |access-date=September 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170927211616/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/06/the-50-best-movies-of-the-90s/the-shawshank-redemption |archive-date=September 27, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="RankingNME">{{cite magazine |first=Owen |last=Nicholls |title=9 Best Films Of The 90s |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/the-movies-blog/9-best-films-of-the-90s-760465 |date=May 15, 2012 |magazine=[[NME]] |access-date=January 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180113212434/http://www.nme.com/blogs/the-movies-blog/9-best-films-of-the-90s-760465 |archive-date=January 13, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="RankingRS">{{cite magazine |first=Daniel |last=Kreps |display-authors=etal |title=The 100 Greatest Movies of the Nineties |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/lists/the-100-greatest-movies-of-the-90s-w486390/the-shawshank-redemption-1994-w486813 |date=July 12, 2017 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=October 30, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030193514/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/lists/the-100-greatest-movies-of-the-90s-w486390/the-shawshank-redemption-1994-w486813 |archive-date=October 30, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="RankingPaste">{{cite magazine |first=Michael |last=Dunaway |title=The 90 Best Movies of the 1990s |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/lists/2012/07/the-90-best-movies-of-the-1990s.html?a=1 |date=July 10, 2012 |magazine=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]] |access-date=January 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180111215048/https://www.pastemagazine.com/blogs/lists/2012/07/the-90-best-movies-of-the-1990s.html?a=1 |archive-date=January 11, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="RankingTHR">{{cite news |title=Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/seven-samurai-hollywoods-100-favorite-818479 |date=June 25, 2014 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=January 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180113213908/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/seven-samurai-hollywoods-100-favorite-818479 |archive-date=January 13, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="RebertAnaly">{{cite news |title=Review: The Shawshank Redemption |first=Roger |last=Ebert |author-link=Roger Ebert |newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19940923/REVIEWS/40902001/1023 |date=September 23, 1994 |access-date=April 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928055546/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19940923%2FREVIEWS%2F40902001%2F1023 |archive-date=September 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Residuals">{{cite news |last=Adams |first=Russell |title=The Shawshank Residuals |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304536104579560021265554240 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170911215802/https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-shawshank-residuals-1400798699?tesla=y |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

<ref name="RevCT">{{cite news |first=Gene |last=Siskel |author-link=Gene Siskel |title='The Shawshank Redemption' Unlocks A Journey To Freedom |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1994/09/23/the-shawshank-redemption-unlocks-a-journey-to-freedom/ |date=September 23, 1994 |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |access-date=September 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150130083514/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-09-23/entertainment/9409230226_1_prison-picture-shawshank-prison-star |archive-date=January 30, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="RevEbert">{{cite web |first=Roger |last=Ebert |title=The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-shawshank-redemption-1994 |date=October 17, 1999 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170222124947/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-shawshank-redemption-1994 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="RevEW">{{cite magazine |title=The Shawshank Redemption |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |author-link=Owen Gleiberman |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=September 23, 1994 |url=https://ew.com/article/1994/09/23/shawshank-redemption-3/ |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170918212457/http://ew.com/article/1994/09/23/shawshank-redemption-3/ |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="RevLAT">{{cite news |first=Kenneth |last=Turan |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-23-ca-41876-story.html |title=Movie Review : 'Shawshank': Solid Portrayals But A Dubious Treatment |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=September 23, 1994 |access-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170921162910/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-09-23/entertainment/ca-41876_1_shawshank-redemption |archive-date=September 21, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="RevMeta">{{cite web |title=The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-shawshank-redemption |website=[[Metacritic]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170918212550/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7D9143AF930A1575AC0A962958260&mcubz=0 |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="RevNYT">{{cite news |first=Janet |last=Maslin |author-link=Janet Maslin |title=Film Review; Prison Tale by Stephen King Told Gently, Believe It or Not |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7D9143AF930A1575AC0A962958260&mcubz=0 |date=October 17, 1999 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170222124947/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-shawshank-redemption-1994 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="RevRS">{{cite magazine |first=Peter |last=Travers |title=The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-shawshank-redemption-19940101 |date=September 23, 1994 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150130104246/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-shawshank-redemption-19940101 |archive-date=January 30, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="RevRT">{{cite web |title=The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/shawshank_redemption/ |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=May 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170918210429/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/shawshank_redemption/ |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="RevTHR">{{cite magazine |title='The Shawshank Redemption': THR's 1994 Review |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/review/shawshank-redemption-1994-movie-review-932222 |date=September 23, 1994 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170918221353/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/shawshank-redemption-1994-movie-review-932222 |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="RevTorontoSun">{{cite news |first=Bruce |last=Kirkland |title=The Shawshank Redemption: 20 years on, it's still a classic |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2014/09/18/the-shawshank-redemption-20-years-on-its-still-a-classic |date=September 22, 2014 |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170918210018/http://www.torontosun.com/2014/09/18/the-shawshank-redemption-20-years-on-its-still-a-classic |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="RevVariety">{{cite news |first=Leonard|last=Klady |title=Review: 'The Shawshank Redemption' |url=https://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/the-shawshank-redemption-1200438677/ |date=September 9, 1994 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203043524/http://variety.com/1994/film/reviews/the-shawshank-redemption-1200438677/ |archive-date=February 3, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="RevWP">{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |title='The Shawshank Redemption' (R) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/theshawshankredemptionrhowe_a03f7a.htm |date=September 23, 1994 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170918220559/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/theshawshankredemptionrhowe_a03f7a.htm |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="RSCUt">{{cite magazine |first=Andy |last=Greene |title=Flashback: Watch Two Cut Scenes From 'Shawshank Redemption' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/flashback-watch-two-cut-scenes-from-shawshank-redemption-20150730 |date=July 30, 2015 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170923214554/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/flashback-watch-two-cut-scenes-from-shawshank-redemption-20150730 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Runtime">{{cite web |title=The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-shawshank-redemption-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00otg0mdk |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |access-date=August 15, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121084851/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/shawshank-redemption-3 |archive-date=January 21, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Shortlist">{{cite web |title=20 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/films/20-things-you-probably-didn-t-know-about-the-shawshank-redemption/89823 |website=[[ShortList]] |date=October 20, 2014 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917213720/https://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/films/20-things-you-probably-didn-t-know-about-the-shawshank-redemption/89823 |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Slant2004">{{cite magazine |first=Ed |last=Gonzalez |title=The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/the-shawshank-redemption |date=October 16, 2004 |magazine=[[Slant Magazine]] |access-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170915173859/https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/the-shawshank-redemption |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="SST1">{{cite web |title=Pugh Cabin at Malabar Farm State Park |url=http://www.shawshanktrail.com/experience-the-trail/filming-sites/opening-scene |website=Shawshank Trail |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917211641/http://www.shawshanktrail.com/experience-the-trail/filming-sites/opening-scene |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="SST2">{{cite web |title=Snyder Road and Hagerman Road in Butler, Ohio |url=http://www.shawshanktrail.com/experience-the-trail/filming-sites/road-to-buxton |website=Shawshank Trail |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917211736/http://www.shawshanktrail.com/experience-the-trail/filming-sites/road-to-buxton |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="SST3">{{cite web |title=The Bissman Building |url=http://www.shawshanktrail.com/experience-the-trail/filming-sites/brewer-hotel-and-portland-daily-bugle |website=Shawshank Trail |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917211801/http://www.shawshanktrail.com/experience-the-trail/filming-sites/brewer-hotel-and-portland-daily-bugle |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="StuffNZ">{{cite web |first=Kimberly |last=Nordyke |title=New Zealand's favourite film is The Shawshank Redemption |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/film/69896254/new-zealands-favourite-film-is-the-shawshank-redemption |date=July 2, 2015 |website=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |access-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170923224433/http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/film/69896254/new-zealands-favourite-film-is-the-shawshank-redemption |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="THR20">{{cite magazine |first=Kimberly |last=Nordyke |title='Shawshank Redemption' Reunion: Stars Share Funny Tales of "Cow Shit," Cut Scenes and that Unwieldy Title |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/shawshank-redemption-reunion-stars-share-750200 |date=November 19, 2014 |magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170915220043/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/shawshank-redemption-reunion-stars-share-750200 |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="THRRegistry">{{cite magazine |first=Mike |last=Barnes| url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/ghostbusters-top-gun-enter-national-849092|title='Ghostbusters,' 'Top Gun,' 'Shawshank' Enter National Film Registry| magazine=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]| date=December 16, 2015| access-date=December 16, 2015| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219075612/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ghostbusters-top-gun-enter-national-849092|archive-date=December 19, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="TimesGazette">{{cite news| first=Dan |last=Kubacki |title=Locals celebrate 20th anniversary of 'Shawshank' release with eventful weekend |url=http://www.times-gazette.com/entertainment/20140823/locals-celebrate-20th-anniversary-of-shawshank-release-with-eventful-weekend |newspaper=[[Times-Gazette]] |date=August 23, 2014 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917205750/http://www.times-gazette.com/entertainment/20140823/locals-celebrate-20th-anniversary-of-shawshank-release-with-eventful-weekend |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=Tree>{{cite news |first=Lou |last=Whitmire |url=http://www.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/news/local/2016/07/22/shawshank-redemption-tree-falls/87446740/ |title='Shawshank' tree falls over |date=July 22, 2016 |access-date=July 23, 2016 |newspaper=[[Mansfield News Journal]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815082404/http://www.mansfieldnewsjournal.com/story/news/local/2016/07/22/shawshank-redemption-tree-falls/87446740/ |archive-date=August 15, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="TreeWKYC">{{cite news |first=Linda |last=Martz |title=Last of 'Shawshank Redemption' tree cut up |url=http://www.wkyc.com/entertainment/movies/last-of-shawshank-redemption-tree-cut-up/430048122 |date=June 17, 2017 |agency=[[WKYC]] |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171128213332/http://www.wkyc.com/entertainment/movies/last-of-shawshank-redemption-tree-cut-up/430048122 |archive-date=November 28, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="TreeWKYCMem">{{cite news |title='Shawshank' oak tree merchandise for sale during 'Shawshank Hustle' in Mansfield |url=http://www.wkyc.com/news/local/ohio/shawshank-oak-tree-merchandise-for-sale-during-shawshank-hustle-in-mansfield/449723389 |date=June 17, 2017 |agency=[[WKYC]] |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171128213137/http://www.wkyc.com/news/local/ohio/shawshank-oak-tree-merchandise-for-sale-during-shawshank-hustle-in-mansfield/449723389 |archive-date=November 28, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="TreeNYT">{{cite news |first=Daniel |last=Victor |title=Famed Oak Tree From 'Shawshank Redemption' Is Toppled by Heavy Winds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/movies/famed-oak-tree-from-shawshank-redemption-is-toppled-by-heavy-winds.html |date=July 25, 2016 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171128212803/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/movies/famed-oak-tree-from-shawshank-redemption-is-toppled-by-heavy-winds.html?smid=tw-nytimesarts&smtyp=cur&_r=0 |archive-date=November 28, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TreeGuardian">{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Child |title=Shawshank Redemption tree split in half by storm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/aug/03/shawshank-redemption-tree-split-storm |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=August 3, 2011 |access-date=November 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20171128212943/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/aug/03/shawshank-redemption-tree-split-storm |archive-date=November 28, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="USATOday17">{{cite web |title=Shawshank Trail adds 15th stop in Virgin Islands |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/03/15/shawshank-trail-adds-15th-stop-virgin-islands/99203730/ |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |date=March 15, 2017 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917201740/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/03/15/shawshank-trail-adds-15th-stop-virgin-islands/99203730/ |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="USNews">{{cite magazine |title=Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge (St. Croix) |url=https://travel.usnews.com/US_Virgin_Islands/Things_To_Do/Sandy_Point_National_Wildlife_Refuge_St_Croix_60407/ |magazine=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170917212555/https://travel.usnews.com/US_Virgin_Islands/Things_To_Do/Sandy_Point_National_Wildlife_Refuge_St_Croix_60407/ |archive-date=September 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="vanityfair">{{cite magazine |first=Margaret |last=Heiderny |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/09/shawshank-redemption-anniversary-story |title=The Little-Known Story of How The Shawshank Redemption Became One of the Most Beloved Films of All Time |date=September 22, 2014 |access-date=March 5, 2017 |magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170910201902/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/09/shawshank-redemption-anniversary-story |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Variety1993">{{cite magazine |first=John Evan |last=Frook |title=Location News; Mexico's Cine South looks to branch out |url=https://variety.com/1993/film/news/location-news-mexico-s-cine-south-looks-to-branch-out-105327/ |date=March 24, 1993 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=October 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017043849/http://variety.com/1993/film/news/location-news-mexico-s-cine-south-looks-to-branch-out-105327/ |archive-date=October 17, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Variety20th">{{cite magazine |first=Matthew |last=Chernov |title='The Shawshank Redemption' at 20: How It Went From Bomb to Beloved |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/the-shawshank-redemption-at-20-how-it-went-from-bomb-to-beloved-1201308933/ |date=September 22, 2014 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140923002230/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/the-shawshank-redemption-at-20-how-it-went-from-bomb-to-beloved-1201308933/ |archive-date=September 23, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="WAPoAug19">{{cite news |first=Zachary |last=Pincus-Roth |title=The unlikely greatness of 'The Shawshank Redemption,' 25 years later|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-unlikely-greatness-of-the-shawshank-redemption-25-years-later/2019/08/29/e832b066-c806-11e9-be05-f76ac4ec618c_story.html |date=August 29, 2019 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=September 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831193932/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-unlikely-greatness-of-the-shawshank-redemption-25-years-later/2019/08/29/e832b066-c806-11e9-be05-f76ac4ec618c_story.html?wpisrc=nl_most&wpmm=1 |archive-date=August 31, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="WGA101">{{cite web |title=101 Greatest Screenplays |url=http://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-greatest-screenplays/list |website=[[Writers Guild of America, West]] |access-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161122211118/http://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-greatest-screenplays/list |archive-date=November 22, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="WMFDTV">{{cite news |first=Ingrid |last=Schmidt |title=Shawshank 25 - The Movie's Impact In Mansfield |url=https://www.wmfd.com/news/single.asp?story=79636 |date=August 18, 2019 |agency=[[WMFD-TV]] |access-date=September 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819041736/https://www.wmfd.com/news/single.asp?story=79636 |archive-date=August 19, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="WSJMusic">{{cite news |first=Russell |last=Adams |title=How Thomas Newman Scored 'The Shawshank Redemption' |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/06/20/how-thomas-newman-scored-the-shawshank-redemption/ |date=June 20, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=September 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170619051558/https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/06/20/how-thomas-newman-scored-the-shawshank-redemption/ |archive-date=June 19, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

}}

===Works cited===
* {{cite AV media |people=Frank Darabont (director, writer), Niki Marvin (producer) |date=September 23, 1994 |title=The Shawshank Redemption |medium=DVD |publisher= Warner Home Video |ref={{SfnRef|TSR|1993}}}}
* {{cite AV media |people=Mark Kermode (writer), Andrew Abbott (director) |date=September 8, 2001 |title=Shawshank: The Redeeming Feature |medium=video |ref={{SfnRef|TRF|2001}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Kermode |first=Mark |date=2003 |title=The Shawshank Redemption |url=https://archive.org/details/shawshankredempt0000kerm |url-access=registration |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |isbn=978-0-8517-0968-0 |author-link=Mark Kermode}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{AFI film}}
* {{TCMDb title}}

{{Different Seasons}}
{{Media based on Stephen King works}}
{{Japan Academy Film Prize for Outstanding Foreign Language Film}}
{{Mainichi Film Award for Foreign Film Best One Award}}
{{Frank Darabont}}

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[[Category:1990s American films]]
[[Category:1990s buddy drama films]]
[[Category:1990s English-language films]]
[[Category:1990s prison drama films]]
[[Category:1994 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1994 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:American buddy drama films]]
[[Category:American prison drama films]]
[[Category:Castle Rock Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Columbia Pictures films]]
[[Category:English-language buddy drama films]]
[[Category:English-language crime drama films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Films about librarians]]
[[Category:Films about miscarriage of justice]]
[[Category:Films about prison escapes]]
[[Category:Films about rape in the United States]]
[[Category:Films based on novellas]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Stephen King]]
[[Category:Films directed by Frank Darabont]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thomas Newman]]
[[Category:Films set in 1946]]
[[Category:Films set in 1947]]
[[Category:Films set in 1949]]
[[Category:Films set in 1954]]
[[Category:Films set in 1963]]
[[Category:Films set in 1965]]
[[Category:Films set in 1966]]
[[Category:Films set in libraries]]
[[Category:Films set in Maine]]
[[Category:Films set in Mexico]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1940s]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1950s]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1960s]]
[[Category:Films shot in chronological order]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ohio]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Frank Darabont]]
[[Category:Saturn Award–winning films]]
[[Category:United States National Film Registry films]]