View source for Tieguanyin

{{Short description|Chinese oolong tea}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Tieluohan]], another type of oolong tea from Fujian province}}
{{Infobox tea
 | Tea_name                 = Tieguanyin<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|zh|铁观音}}}}
 | Tea_type                 = [[Oolong tea|Oolong]]
 | Tea_color                = Oolong
 | Tea_image                = [[File:Tieguanyin2.jpg|200px]]
 | Tea_origin               = [[Anxi County]] at [[Fujian]] in [[China]]
 | Tea_names                = Iron Goddess, Iron Guanyin, Ti Kuan Yin, Tiet Kwun Yum
 | Tea_quick                = The harvests in spring (also known as ''Jade'') and autumn are most prized for the fruity, sometimes even berry taste and aroma
 | Tea_temperature          = {{convert|90|–|95|C}}
}}
[[File:Statue of Guanyin, Mt Putuo, China.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of Guanyin at [[Mount Putuo]], [[Zhejiang]], [[China]]]]
'''''Tieguanyin''''' ({{lang-zh|s={{linktext|铁|观|音|}}|t={{linktext|鐵觀音}}|p=tiěguānyīn|poj=Thih-koan-im|cy=titgūnyām|l=Iron [[Guanyin|Goddess of Mercy]]}}; Standard Chinese pronunciation {{IPAc-cmn|t|ie|3|.|g|uan|1|.|yin|1}}) is a variety of [[China|Chinese]] [[oolong|oolong tea]] that originated in the 19th century in [[Anxi County|Anxi]] in [[Fujian|Fujian province]]. Tieguanyin produced in different areas of Anxi have different gastronomic characteristics.

==Name==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2020}}
{{Tea map china province | Tea_province=Fujian}}
The tea is named after the Chinese Goddess of Mercy [[Guanyin]], Guanyin is an embodiment of [[Avalokiteśvara]] Bodhisattva. Other spellings and names include "Ti Kuan Yin", "Tit Kwun Yum", "Ti Kwan Yin", "Iron Buddha", "Iron Goddess Oolong", and "Tea of the Iron Bodhisattva". It is also known in its abbreviated form as "TGY".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=SW8 3NS |first=Curious Tea Ltd Unit 50 15-17 Ingate Place London |title=Tie Guan Yin Iron Goddess of Mercy {{!}} Chinese Oolong Tea |url=https://www.curioustea.com/tea/oolong-tea/tie-guan-yin-iron-goddess-of-mercy/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Curious Tea |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Legends==
{{One source|section|date=May 2020}}
There are two legends behind this tea: Wei and Wang.

===Wei legend===
In Fujian's [[Anxi County]], there was a run-down temple which held an iron statue of Guanyin, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. Every day on the walk to his tea fields, a poor farmer named Wei would pass by and reflect on the temple's worsening condition. "Something has to be done," he thought.

Being poor, Wei did not have the means to repair the temple. One day, he brought a broom and some incense from his home. He swept the temple clean and lit the incense as an offering to Guanyin. "It's the least I can do," he thought to himself. And he did this twice a week for many months.<ref name=":0" />

One night, Guanyin appeared to him in a dream, telling him of a cave behind the temple where a treasure awaited. He was to take the treasure and share it with others. In the cave, the farmer found a tea shoot. He planted it in his field and nurtured it into a large bush, from which the finest tea was produced. He gave cuttings of this rare plant to all his neighbors and began selling the tea under the name Tieguanyin, Iron Bodhisattva of Compassion.

Over time, Wei and all his neighbors prospered; the run-down temple of Guanyin was repaired and became a beacon for the region. From this time onwards Mr. Wei took joy in the daily trip to his tea fields, never failing to stop in appreciation of the beautiful temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Legend of Tie Kuan Yin Tea |url=https://www.growteacompany.com/blogs/news/the-legend-of-tie-kuan-yin-tea?srsltid=AfmBOopgmGlNNwexK1N86TgqCCaFWXX7I2wWI2jqBBoBDbqG6LgxXSr8 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Grow Tea Company |language=en}}</ref>

===Wang legend===
Wang was a scholar who accidentally discovered the tea plant beneath the Guanyin rock in Xiping. He brought the plant back home for cultivation. When he visited the [[Qianlong Emperor]] in the 6th year of his reign, he offered the tea as a gift from his native village. The emperor was so impressed that he inquired about its origin. Since the tea was discovered beneath the Guanyin Rock, he decided to call it the Guanyin tea.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Tieguanyin Tea|url=http://www.chinese-tea-culture.com/tieguanyin-tea.html|publisher=Chinese-Tea-Culture|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305052922/http://www.chinese-tea-culture.com/tieguanyin-tea.html|archivedate=2011-03-05}}</ref>

==Processing of Tieguanyin tea==
{{main|Tea processing}}
[[File:Tie Guan Yin processing chart.GIF|middle|Processing Chart of Tieguanyin tea.]]

The processing of Tieguanyin tea is complex and requires expertise. Even if the tea leaf is of high raw quality and is plucked at the ideal time, if it is not processed correctly, its true character will not be shown. This is why the method of processing Tieguanyin tea was kept a secret.

# plucking tea leaves ({{lang-zh|c=採青|p=cǎi qīng}})
# sun withering ({{lang-zh|c=晒青|p=shài qīng}})
# cooling ({{lang-zh|c=晾青|p=liàng qīng}})
# tossing ({{lang-zh|c=搖青|p=yáo qīng}})
# withering, this includes some oxidation. ({{lang-zh|c=萎凋|p=wěi diào}})
# fixation ({{lang-zh|c=殺青|p=shā qīng}})
# rolling ({{lang-zh|c=揉捻|p=róu niǎn}})
# drying ({{lang-zh|c=烘乾|p=hōng gān}})

After drying some teas go through the added processes of roasting and scenting.

==Varieties==
[[File:Té Tieguanyin.jpg|thumb|Tieguanyin leaves]]

* ''Summer Tieguanyin'' is harvested in summer and is considered lower quality.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teaquen |date=2017-10-11 |title=Tie Guan Yin Oolong Tea |url=https://www.lunacha.com/blogs/news/tie-guan-yin-oolong-tea?srsltid=AfmBOopVTKR9TXCG7CiVnsRYfh-U7icKMgGAbyS1wGTyx0ca75kR3-FF |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Luna Cha |language=en}}</ref>

==Types==
Based on the different roasting methods and locations, there are various types of Tieguanyin.

*Anxi Tieguanyin Tea ({{lang|zh|安溪鉄観音}}) – Recently, this oolong is typically close to a [[green tea]], with only a little [[Oxidation (tea)|oxidation]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The story of tea: a cultural history and drinking guide|year=2007|publisher=Random House, Inc.|isbn=978-1-58008-745-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/storyofteacultur0000heis/page/148 148–149]|author=Mary Lou Heiss, Robert J. Heiss|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofteacultur0000heis/page/148}}</ref> With a very flowery and fresh delicate aroma character, the tea liquid is golden yellow.<ref>{{cite book|last=聯合報地方新聞中心|title=臺灣茶鄉之旅|publisher=聯經出版|isbn=978-957-08-2794-1|pages=19}}</ref> In the past, the tea was traditionally more heavily roasted.
*Muzha Tieguanyin Tea ({{lang|zh|木柵鐵觀音}}) – This traditional oolong is roasted and has a stronger taste and with roast nutty character; the tea liquid is reddish brown.

In [[Taiwan]], the name Tieguanyin is sometimes used to describe also oolong teas of other tea plant varieties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tieguanyin: The Story of Iron Goddess of Mercy Oolong Tea |url=https://senchateabar.com/blogs/blog/tieguanyin |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Sencha Tea Bar |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Chinese teas]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Clear}}
{{Chaozhou cuisine}}
{{Teas}}

[[Category:Oolong tea]]
[[Category:Chinese tea grown in Fujian]]
[[Category:Cultivars of tea grown in China]]