View source for Tiksi

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Tiksi
|ru_name=Тикси
|loc_name1=Тиксии
|loc_lang1=Yakut
|image_skyline=Tiksi.jpg
|image_caption=View of Tiksi
|coordinates = {{coord|71|39|N|128|52|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=left
|image_coa=
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Sakha Republic]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="SakhaR_admlist" />
|adm_district_jur=[[Bulunsky District]]
|adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="SakhaR_admlist" />
|adm_selsoviet_jur=Settlement of Tiksi
|adm_selsoviet_type=Settlement
|adm_selsoviet_jur_ref=<ref name="SakhaR_admlist" />
|adm_ctr_of1=Bulunsky District
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="SakhaR_admlist" />
|adm_ctr_of2=Settlement of Tiksi
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="SakhaR_admlist" />
|inhabloc_cat=Urban-type settlement
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="StatusNote" />
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_district_jur=Bulunsky Municipal District
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref531" />
|urban_settlement_jur=Tiksi Urban Settlement
|urban_settlement_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref531" />
|mun_admctr_of1=Bulunsky Municipal District
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref411">Law #172-Z #351-III</ref>
|mun_admctr_of2=Tiksi Urban Settlement
|mun_admctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref531" />
|leader_title=
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=
|leader_name_ref=
|representative_body=
|representative_body_ref=
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=5063
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=4556
|pop_latest_date=January 2016
|pop_latest_ref=<ref name="2016Est">Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://sakha.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/sakha/resources/92049f804c5c75979146937dff7d05ed/d2_032016.xls Численность населения по районам республики на 1 января 2016 года] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929074405/http://sakha.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/sakha/resources/92049f804c5c75979146937dff7d05ed/d2_032016.xls |date=September 29, 2018 }} ''Population of the districts of the republic on January 1, 2016'' {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=1939
|current_cat_date_ref=<ref name="SakhaR_admlist" />
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=678400, 678403, 678409
|dialing_codes=41167
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=
}}
'''Tiksi''' ({{lang-rus|Ти́кси||ˈtʲiksʲɪ}}; {{langx|sah|Тиксии}}, ''Tiksii'' – lit. ''a moorage place'') is an [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|urban locality]] (an [[urban-type settlement]]) and the [[administrative center]] of [[Bulunsky District]] in the [[Sakha Republic]], [[Russia]], located on the shore of the [[Buor-Khaya Gulf]] of the [[Laptev Sea]], southeast of the [[river delta|delta]] of the [[Lena River]]. As of the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 census]], its population was&nbsp;5,063.<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>{{Historical populations|5=1939|6=697|7=1959|8=4833|9=1970|10=8099|11=1979|12=9505|13=1989|14=11649|15=2002|16=5873|17=2010|18=5063|19=2021|20=4173|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

==History==
{{more citations needed|section|date=September 2022}}
In August 1901, Russian Arctic ship ''[[Zarya (polar ship)|Zarya]]'' headed across the [[Laptev Sea]], searching for the legendary [[Sannikov Land]] but was soon blocked by floating [[drift ice]] in the [[New Siberian Islands]]. During 1902, the attempts to reach Sannikov Land continued while ''Zarya'' was trapped in [[fast ice]].

Leaving the ship, Russian Arctic explorer Baron [[Eduard Toll]] and three companions vanished forever in November 1902 while traveling away from [[Bennett Island]] towards the south on loose ice floes. ''Zarya'' was finally moored close to [[Brusneva Island]] in the [[Tiksi Bay]], never to leave the place again. The remaining members of the expedition returned to [[Saint Petersburg]], while Captain [[Fyodor Matisen]] went to [[Yakutsk]].

Modern Tiksi was founded in 1933;{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} [[urban-type settlement]] status was granted to it in 1939.<ref name="SakhaR_admlist">''Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic''</ref> During the [[Cold War]], Tiksi saw military construction projects at [[Tiksi North]] and [[Tiksi West]] airfields. Since the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Tiksi's population has declined markedly and many of its apartment blocks have been abandoned. Despite its rapid population decline, it remains the world's most northerly settlement with a population of over&nbsp;4,000.

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], the [[urban-type settlement#Inhabited localities|urban-type settlement]] of Tiksi<ref name="StatusNote">According to Article&nbsp;7 of the Law #77-I, lower-level administrative divisions with the status of a settlement have their administrative centers in an inhabited locality with the status of an urban-type settlement. According to the ''Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic'', Tiksi is the administrative center of the Settlement of Tiksi.</ref> serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Bulunsky District]].<ref name="SakhaR_admlist" /> As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Bulunsky District as the '''[[Urban-type settlement#Administrative divisions|Settlement]] of Tiksi'''.<ref name="SakhaR_admlist" /> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the Settlement of Tiksi is incorporated within Bulunsky Municipal District as '''Tiksi Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="Ref531">Law #173-Z #353-III</ref>

==Economy==
===Transportation===
Tiksi serves as one of the principal ports for accessing the [[Laptev Sea]]. It is served by the [[Tiksi Airport]], which was shut down by the Defense Ministry on October&nbsp;1, 2012 except for helicopters.<ref>{{cite journal|date=October 3, 2012|script-title=ru:Якутский аэропорт Тикси закрыт для приёма и отправки рейсов до декабря, причины не названы|journal=[[Gazeta.Ru|Газета.ru]]|location=[[Moscow]]|url=http://www.gazeta.ru/business/news/2012/10/03/n_2555181.shtml|access-date=October 4, 2012|language=ru}}</ref> Tiksi was connected only by helicopter flights and winter roads. The closure was harshly criticized by Russian Prime Minister [[Dmitry Medvedev]]. Following an agreement between the Defense Ministry and the Government of the Sakha Republic in April 2013, the airfield re-opened to passenger traffic in June 2013. In December 2013, President [[Vladimir Putin]] announced that the Tiksi airport would be "rehabilitated" along with others beyond the [[Arctic Circle]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25331156|title=Putin orders Arctic military boost|work=[[BBC News]]|date=December 11, 2013|access-date=August 2, 2018}}</ref>

Since June 2023, the port of Tiksi has been opened to foreign ships.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/arctic-port-tiksi-opens-foreign-vessels-spur-investments-along-nsr|title= Arctic Port of Tiksi Opens to Foreign Vessels To Spur Investments along NSR|work=High North News|date=2023-06-05}}</ref>

The [[Lena River]] is navigable in the summer months. There is infrequent passenger navigation from [[Yakutsk]].

==Climate==
Tiksi has a [[tundra climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''ET''). Winter averages and extremes are less severe than the subarctic region further south, but the winter length is longer courtesy of the higher latitude. The very short summers are generally cooler than inland regions (although in 1991 a temperature as high as {{convert|+34|C}} was reported) and see rainfall on most days. The [[polar night]] lasts from November&nbsp;19 to January&nbsp;24, and the period with continuous daylight, the [[midnight sun]], lasts a bit longer, from May&nbsp;11 to August&nbsp;3.

The [[growing season]] in Tiksi lasts for 74 days usually from around June 23 to September 5.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://weatherspark.com/y/142682/Average-Weather-in-Tiksi-Russia-Year-Round|title = Average Weather in Tiksi, Russia, Year Round - Weather Spark}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location=Tiksi (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1929–present)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C = -7.6
|Feb record high C = -5.2
|Mar record high C = 1.6
|Apr record high C = 9.6
|May record high C = 23.6
|Jun record high C = 32.8
|Jul record high C = 34.3
|Aug record high C = 29.8
|Sep record high C = 23.0
|Oct record high C = 6.1
|Nov record high C = -1.2
|Dec record high C = -4.9
|year record high C = 34.3
|Jan high C = -25.9
|Feb high C = -26.6
|Mar high C = -21.3
|Apr high C = -12.1
|May high C = -2.2
|Jun high C =  8.0
|Jul high C = 12.7
|Aug high C = 11.6
|Sep high C =  4.8
|Oct high C = -7.0
|Nov high C = -18.7
|Dec high C = -24.7
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = -29.5
|Feb mean C = -30.0
|Mar mean C = -25.4
|Apr mean C = -16.8
|May mean C = -5.6
|Jun mean C =  3.8
|Jul mean C =  8.3
|Aug mean C =  8.4
|Sep mean C =  2.2
|Oct mean C = -9.7
|Nov mean C = -22.0
|Dec mean C = -28.1
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = -33.1
|Feb low C = -33.7
|Mar low C = -29.9
|Apr low C = -22.1
|May low C = -9.1
|Jun low C =  0.6
|Jul low C =  4.7
|Aug low C =  5.2
|Sep low C = -0.5
|Oct low C = -13.1
|Nov low C = -25.5
|Dec low C = -31.5
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -48.0
|Feb record low C = -50.5
|Mar record low C = -47.2
|Apr record low C = -46.9
|May record low C = -32.2
|Jun record low C = -15.8
|Jul record low C = -4.0
|Aug record low C = -4.0
|Sep record low C = -18.2
|Oct record low C = -35.0
|Nov record low C = -43.9
|Dec record low C = -48.8
|year record low C = -50.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 22
|Feb precipitation mm = 15
|Mar precipitation mm = 10
|Apr precipitation mm = 8
|May precipitation mm = 15
|Jun precipitation mm = 28
|Jul precipitation mm = 45
|Aug precipitation mm = 48
|Sep precipitation mm = 27
|Oct precipitation mm = 15
|Nov precipitation mm = 19
|Dec precipitation mm = 21
|year precipitation mm = 
|Jan rain days = 0.0
|Feb rain days = 0.0
|Mar rain days = 0.0
|Apr rain days = 0.0
|May rain days = 1
|Jun rain days = 12
|Jul rain days = 20
|Aug rain days = 20
|Sep rain days = 9
|Oct rain days = 0.1
|Nov rain days = 0.0
|Dec rain days = 0.0
|Jan snow days = 23
|Feb snow days = 21
|Mar snow days = 21
|Apr snow days = 19
|May snow days = 20
|Jun snow days = 5
|Jul snow days = 0.2
|Aug snow days = 0.3
|Sep snow days = 10
|Oct snow days = 25
|Nov snow days = 23
|Dec snow days = 23
|Jan humidity  = 82
|Feb humidity  = 82
|Mar humidity  = 83
|Apr humidity  = 83
|May humidity  = 85
|Jun humidity  = 82
|Jul humidity  = 83
|Aug humidity  = 83
|Sep humidity  = 82
|Oct humidity  = 83
|Nov humidity  = 82
|Dec humidity  = 81
|year humidity = 83
|Jan sun = 0.0
|Feb sun = 40.0
|Mar sun = 176.9
|Apr sun = 276.5
|May sun = 199.0
|Jun sun = 238.2
|Jul sun = 246.4
|Aug sun = 132.6
|Sep sun = 86.8
|Oct sun = 52.9
|Nov sun = 4.0
|Dec sun = 0.0
|source 1 = погода и климат<ref>[http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/21824.htm Погода в Тикси]</ref>
|source 2 = (sunshine only)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=42812&refer=&cityname=Tiksi-Sakha-Russia&units=|title=Tiksi, Russia Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=August 2, 2018}}</ref>
|date=June 2011}}
{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable"
|-
!Colspan=14|Coastal temperature data for Tiksi
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Average sea temperature °C (°F)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-42}}"|-1.8<br/>(28.76)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-42}}"|-1.8<br/>(28.76)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-42}}"|-1.8<br/>(28.76)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-42}}"|-1.8<br/>(28.76)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-42}}"|-1.5<br/>(29.3)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-38.8}}"|.4<br/>(32.72)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-28.3}}"|3.9<br/>(39.02)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-17.2}}"|7.6<br/>(45.68)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-25.6}}"|4.8<br/>(40.64)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-37.9}}"|0.7<br/>(30.74)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-42}}"|-1.7<br/>(28.94)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-42}}"|-1.8<br/>(28.76)
| style="{{Weather box/colt|-30.49}}"|0.317<br/>(32.57)
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#ffffff;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;"|Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://russia.pogoda360.ru/459329/water/|title = Температура воды в Тикси сейчас. Средняя температура воды в море по месяцам. Ежедневные показатели за 2020-2021 год}}</ref>
|}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*Official website of the Sakha Republic. ''Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic''. [https://www.sakha.gov.ru/bulunskiy-ulus-rayon Bulunsky District] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427005021/https://www.sakha.gov.ru/bulunskiy-ulus-rayon |date=April 27, 2017 }}. {{in lang|ru}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sa|mun|list0}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|sa|mun|list1}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |first=William |last=Barr |author-link=William Barr (Arctic historian) |title=Baron Eduard von Toll's Last Expedition: The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900–1903 |journal=[[Arctic (journal)|Arctic]] |volume=34 |issue=3 |year=1981 |pages=201–224 |doi=10.14430/arctic2524 |doi-access=free }}

{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Sakha Republic}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Urban-type settlements in the Sakha Republic]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Russia]]
[[Category:Laptev Sea]]
[[Category:Populated places of Arctic Russia]]
[[Category:Road-inaccessible communities of the Sakha Republic]]