View source for Timeline of Christian missions

{{Short description|None}}
{{See also|History of Christianity|List of Christian missionaries}}
This '''timeline of Christian missions''' chronicles the global expansion of [[Christianity]] through a listing of the most significant [[mission (Christian)|missionary outreach]] events. [[Christian mission]]s began from the [[Early Christianity|earliest days of Christianity]] and its adherents believe that the mission will continue until [[Jesus Christ]] [[Second Coming|returns]].<ref>Holyhead, V. (2006), [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Welcoming-Word-Year-Burning-Hearts/dp/0814618340/ref=sr_1_1 Welcoming the Word in Year C: With Burning Hearts], p. 117, Liturgical Press</ref>
{{TOC right}}

==Apostolic Age==
{{Main|Early history of Christianity#Apostolic Age}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#Apostolic Age|Apostolic Age|Acts of the Apostles}}
{{See also|Christianity in the 1st century}}
Earliest dates must all be considered approximate
* 33 – [[Great Commission]] of Jesus to go and make [[Disciple (Christianity)|disciples]] of all nations;<ref name=barrettp23>Barrett, p. 23</ref> [[Pentecost]], a day in which 3000 Jews from a variety of [[Mediterranean Basin]] nations are converted to faith in Jesus Christ.
* 34 – In [[Gaza City|Gaza]], [[Philip the Evangelist|Philip]] baptizes a convert, an [[Ethiopia]]n who was already a Jewish [[proselyte]].
* 34 – Saul of [[Tarsus in Cilicia|Tarsus]] is converted.
* 39 – [[St. Peter|Peter]] preaches to a Gentile audience in the house of [[Cornelius the Centurion|Cornelius]] in [[Caesarea Maritima]].
* 42 – [[Mark the Evangelist|Mark]] goes to [[Alexandria]] in [[Egypt]]<ref name=kanep10>Kane, p. 10</ref>
* 47 – [[Paul of Tarsus|Paul]] (also known as Saul of Tarsus) begins his first missionary journey to [[Anatolia#Early Christian Period|Western Anatolia]], part of modern-day [[Turkey]] via [[Cyprus]].<ref name=walkerp26>Williston Walker, ''A History of the Christian Church'', 1959, p. 26</ref>
* 50 – [[Council of Jerusalem]] on admitting [[Gentiles]] into the Church<ref name=walkerp26/>
* 51 – Paul begins his second missionary journey, a trip that will take him through modern-day [[Turkey]] and on into Greece<ref name=walkerp27>Walker, p. 27</ref>
* 52 – [[Apostle Thomas|Thomas]] arrives in [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] and [[Coromandel Coast]] in India and founds a church that subsequently becomes the [[Syrian Malabar Nasranis]]<ref>Neill, pp. 44-45</ref>
* 54 – Paul begins his third missionary journey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biblestudy.org/maps/pauls-third-journey-map.html |title=Apostle Paul's Third Missionary Journey Map (53-58 A.D.) |work=Biblestudy.org |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 60 – Paul sent to Rome under Roman guard, evangelizes on [[Malta]] after shipwreck<ref name=walkerp27/>

==Early Christianity==
{{Main|Ante-Nicene Period}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#Ante-Nicene Period}}
{{See also|Early history of Christianity#Post-apostolic period}}
{{See also|Christianity in the 2nd century}}
* 100 – First Christians are reported in Monaco, Algeria; a missionary goes to [[Erbil|Arbela]], a sacred city of the [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] that the Christian church is ''katholikos'' ("universal")
* 112 – [[Pliny the Younger]] reports rapid growth of Christianity in [[Bithynia]]<ref>Neill, p. 28</ref>
* 140 – Hermas writes: "The [[Son of God]] ... has been preached to the ends of the earth"<ref name=barrettp23/>
* 150 – Gospel reaches [[Portugal]] and [[Morocco]]<ref name=barrettp23/>
* 166 – [[Pope Soter|Bishop Soter]] writes that the number of Christians has surpassed the [[Jews]]<ref>Neill, p. 30</ref>
* 174 – First Christians reported in Austria<ref name=barrettp23/>
* 177 – Churches in [[Lyon]] and [[Vienne, Isère|Vienne]] (southern France) report being persecuted<ref>Neill, p. 24</ref>
* 190 – Pataenus of Alexandria goes to India in response to an appeal for Christian teachers<ref>Glover, p. 20</ref>
* 196 – In [[Assuristan]] ([[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] ruled [[Assyria]]) [[Bar Daisan]] writes of Christians among the [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], [[Parthia]]ns, [[Bactria]]ns (Kushans), and other peoples in the [[Persian Empire]]<ref name="oxuscom.com">{{cite web |author=Mark & Ruth Dickens |url=http://www.oxuscom.com/timeline.htm |title=Church of the East Timeline |work=Oxuscom.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180011/http://www.oxuscom.com/timeline.htm }}</ref>
* 197 – [[Tertullian]] writes that Christianity had penetrated all ranks of society in North Africa<ref name="Herbermann, p. 385">Herbermann, p. 385</ref>
* 200 – First Christians are reported in Switzerland and Belgium<ref name=barrettp23/>
* 206 – [[Abgar]], the [[Assyrian people|Syriac]] King of [[Osroene|Edessa]], embraces the Christian faith<ref>Herbermann, p. 282</ref>
* 208 – [[Tertullian]] writes that Christ has followers on the far side of the [[Hadrian's Wall|Roman wall in Britain]] where Roman legions have not yet penetrated<ref>Neill, p. 31</ref>
* 250 – [[Saint Denis of Paris|Denis]] (or Denys or Dionysius) is sent from Rome along with six other missionaries to establish the church in Paris<ref>Herbermann, p. 481</ref>
* 270 – Death of [[Gregory Thaumaturgus]], Christian leader in Pontus. It was said that when Gregory became "bishop" there were only 17 Christians in Pontus while at his death thirty years later there were only 17 non-Christians.<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. I, p. 89</ref>
* 280 – First rural churches emerge in northern Italy; Christianity is no longer exclusively in urban areas
* 287 – [[Saint Maurice|Maurice]] from [[Egypt]] is killed at Agauno, Switzerland for refusing to sacrifice to pagan divinities<ref>Walsh, Martin de Porres. ''The Ancient Black Christians'', Julian Richardson Associates, 1969, p. 5</ref>
* 300 – First Christians reported in [[Greater Khorasan]]; an estimated 10% of the world's population is now Christian; parts of the [[Bible]] are available in 10 different languages<ref name=barrettp24>Barrett, p. 24</ref>
{{See also|Christianity in the 4th century}}
* 304 – [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia]] accepts Christianity as state religion<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abqarts.org/cultural/survey/armenian-cs.htm |title=The Armenian Community in Albuquerque, New Mexico |access-date=2007-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930004448/http://www.abqarts.org/cultural/survey/armenian-cs.htm |archive-date=2007-09-30 }}</ref>
* 306 – The first bishop of [[Nisibis]] is ordained<ref>Barrett, David B., Todd M. Johnson, Christopher R. Guidry, and Peter F. Crossing. ''World Christian Trends, AD 30-AD 2200'', William Carey Library Publishers, 2001, p. 115</ref>
* 311 – The [[Edict of Serdica]] was issued in [[Serdica]] by the Roman emperor [[Galerius]], officially ending the [[Diocletian persecution]] of Christianity in the East.
* 313 – Emperor [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine]] issues [[Edict of Milan]], legalizing Christianity in the [[Roman Empire]]<ref name=kanep33>Kane, p. 33</ref>
* 314 – [[Tiridates III of Armenia]] and King Urnayr of [[Caucasian Albania]] converted by [[Gregory the Illuminator]]

==Era of the seven Ecumenical Councils==
{{Main|Rise of Christianity during the Fall of Rome|First seven Ecumenical Councils}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#First Seven Ecumenical Councils}}
* 327 – [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] King [[Mirian III of Iberia]] converted by [[Saint Nino|Nino]]<ref>Fortescue, Adrian. ''The Eastern Churches Trilogy'', Gorgias Press LLC, 2001, p. 17</ref>
* 330 – Ethiopian King [[Ezana of Axum]] makes Christianity an official religion
* 332 – Two young Roman Christians, [[Saint Frumentius|Frumentius]] and Aedesius, are the sole survivors of a ship destroyed in the [[Red Sea]] due to tensions between Rome and [[Kingdom of Aksum|Aksum]]. They are taken as slaves to the Ethiopian capital of [[Axum]] to serve in the royal court.<ref name=barrettp24/>
* 334 – The first bishop is ordained for [[Merv]] / [[Transoxiana]] (area of modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and southwest Kazakhstan)<ref>Korolevsky, Cyril. ''Living Languages in Catholic Worship: An Historical Inquiry'', Longmans, Green, 1957, p. 14</ref>
* 337 – Emperor [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine]] baptized shortly before his death<ref>Anderson, p. 149</ref>
* 341 – [[Ulfilas]] begins work with the [[Goths]] in present-day Romania<ref name="Neill, p. 48">Neill, p. 48</ref>
* 343 – The [[Council of Serdica]], or Synod of Serdica{{sfn|Denzinger|Hünermann|2012|p=54}} (also '''Sardica'''), was a [[synod]] convened in 343 at [[Serdica]] in the civil [[diocese of Dacia]], by [[Dominate|Roman dominate]] [[Roman Emperor (Dominate)|Emperor]]s [[Constans I]], [[Augustus (honorific)|augustus]] in the West, and [[Constantius II]], augustus in the East. It attempted to resolve the Arian controversy, and was attended by about 170 bishops. It was convened by the two augusti at the request of Pope Julius I. 
* 350 – Bible is translated into the Sahidic dialect of the Egyptian [[Coptic language]].<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. I, p. 257</ref>
* 354 – Theophilus "the Indian" reports visiting Christians in India;<ref name="oxuscom.com"/> [[Philostorgius]] mentions a community of Christians on the [[Socotra]] islands, south of Yemen in the [[Arabian Sea]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/chap4/chapter4c.htm |title=Indian Christianity |publisher=Indian Christianity |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 364 – Conversion of [[Vandals]] to Christianity begins during reign of Emperor [[Valens]]<ref>Herbermann, p. 268</ref>
* 370 – [[Ulfilas|Wulfila]] translates the Bible into [[Gothic language|Gothic]], the first [[Bible translations|Bible translation]] done specifically for missionary purposes
* 378 – [[Jerome]] writes, "From India to Britain, all nations resound with the death and resurrection of Christ"<ref name=barrettp24/>
* 380 – Roman Emperor [[Theodosius I]] makes Christianity the official state religion<ref>Walker, pp. 117-118</ref>
* 382 – [[Jerome]] is commissioned to translate the Gospels (and subsequently the whole Bible) into Latin.<ref>Price, p. 78</ref>
* 386 – [[Augustine of Hippo]] converted<ref>Latourette, 1953, p. 97</ref>
* 397 – [[Saint Ninian|Ninian]] evangelizes the Southern [[Picts]] of Scotland; three missionaries sent to the mountaineers in the [[Trento]] region of northern Italy are martyred<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. I, p. 199</ref>
* 400 – Hayyan begins proclaiming gospel in [[Yemen]] after having been converted in Hirta on the Persian border; in starting a school for native Gothic evangelists, John Chrysostom writes, "'Go and make disciples of all nations' was not said for the Apostles only, but for us also"<ref name=barrettp24/>
{{See also|Christianity in the 5th century}}
* 410 – New Testament translated into [[Armenian language|Armenian]]<ref name="Neill, p. 48"/>
* 420 – A Pre-[[Islam]] Arabian [[Bedouin]] tribe under sheikh Peter-Aspebet is converted<ref>{{cite journal|last=Brunot|first=Amédée|title=Aspebet-Peter…The Bedouin Bishop|journal=Catholic Near East Magazine|date=Spring 1978|url=http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=124&pagetypeID=4&sitecode=US&pageno=1|access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref> 
* 425 – The first bishops are ordained for [[Herat]] (Afghanistan) and [[Samarkand]] (Uzbekistan)
* 432 – [[Saint Patrick|Patrick]] goes to Ireland as missionary<ref>Neill, p. 49</ref>
* 450 – First Christians reported in [[Liechtenstein]]<ref name=barrettp24/>
* 496 – Conversion of [[Clovis I]], king of [[Franks]] in [[Gaul]], along with 3,000 warriors<ref>Neill, pp. 51, 95</ref>
* 499 – Persian king [[Kavadh I]], fleeing his country, meets a group of Christian missionaries going to Central Asia to preach to the Turks
* 500 – First Christians reported in [[History of Yemen|North Yemen]]; Nairam becomes Christian center
{{See also|Christianity in the 6th century}}
* 508 – Philoxenus of [[Mabug]] begins translation of the Bible into [[Syriac language|Syriac]]<ref>Price, Ira Maurice. ''The Ancestry of Our English Bible''. Harper, 1956, p. 193.</ref>
* 529 – [[Benedict of Nursia]] destroys a pagan temple at [[Monte Cassino]] (Italy) and builds a monastery<ref>Latourette, 1953, p. 333</ref>
* 535 – The [[Hephthalite]] Huns – [[nomad]]s living in northern China and [[Central Asia]], who were also known as the White Huns – are taught to read and write by [[Church of the East]] missionaries.
* 542 – Julian (or Julianus) from [[Constantinople]] begins evangelizing [[Nubia]], accompanied by an Egyptian named Theodore<ref>Anderson, p. 347</ref>
* 563 – [[Columba]] sails from Ireland to Scotland where he founds an evangelistic training center on [[Iona]]<ref>Gailey, p. 41</ref>
* 569 – [[Longinus (missionary)|Longinus]], church leader in [[Nobatia]], evangelizes [[Alodia]] (in what is now [[Sudan]])
* 578 – Conversion to Christianity of [[Al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir|An-numan III]], last of Lakhmids (Pre Islam Arab prince)
* 585 – Irish missionary [[Columbanus]] arrives with twelve fellow missionaries in [[Brittany]], France
* 592 – Death of Celtic/Irish missionary [[Moluag]] (Old Irish: Mo-Luóc)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cushnieent.force9.co.uk/CelticEra/Saints/saints_moluag.htm |title=St Moluag of Lismore |work=Cushnieent.force9.co.uk |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 596 – [[Gregory the Great]] sends [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine]] and a team of missionaries to (what is now) England to reintroduce the Gospel. The missionaries settle in [[Canterbury]] and within a year baptize 10,000 people<ref>Neill, pp. 58-59; Tucker, p. 46 {{verify source|date=August 2013}}</ref>
* 600 – First Christian settlers in [[Andorra]] (between France and Spain)
{{See also|Christianity in the 7th century}}
* 604 – A church is reportedly planted on [[Thorney Island (London)|Thorney Island]] (where [[Westminster Abbey]] now stands)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roperld.com/RoperLord.htm |title=Lord Roper of Thorney Island |work=Roperld.com |date=1935-09-10 |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 610 – [[Saint Columbanus]] and [[Saint Gall]] flee from [[Luxeuil]] (France) to Alemannia and preach the Gospel in [[Tuggen]] and [[Bregenz]]
* 627 – Conversion of King [[Edwin of Northumbria]]<ref name="ecole.evansville.edu">{{cite web|url=http://ecole.evansville.edu/timeline/index.html |title=The Ecole Chronology Project |work=Ecole.evansville.edu |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616031732/http://ecole.evansville.edu/timeline/index.html |archive-date=2010-06-16 }}</ref>
* 629 – [[Saint Amand|Amandus of Elnon]] is consecrated a missionary bishop. He evangelized the region around [[Ghent]] and went on missions to Slavs along the [[Danube]] and to [[Basque people|Basques]] in [[Navarre]]<ref>Anderson, p. 16</ref>
* 630 – Conversion of the East [[Angles (tribe)|Angles]] (one of the seven kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon [[Heptarchy]])<ref name="ecole.evansville.edu"/>
* 635 –  First Christian missionaries ([[Church of the East in China|Church of the East]] monks, including [[Alopen]], from [[Asia Minor]] and [[Iran|Persia]] arrive in China;<ref>Neill, p. 81</ref> [[Aidan of Lindisfarne]] begins evangelizing in the heart of [[Northumbria]] (England)<ref>Anderson, p. 8</ref>
* 637 – [[Lombards]], a German people living in northern Italy, become Christians
* 638 – A church building is erected in [[Chang'an]], then perhaps the largest city in the world (see [[Daqin Pagoda]])
* 647 – Amadeus, [[bishop of Maastricht]], carries out missionary work in [[Frisia]] (Netherlands) and among the [[Slavic peoples|Slavs]]
* 650 – First church organized in Netherlands<ref name=barrettp24/>
* 673 – [[Irish people|Irish]] monk [[Maol Rubha]] founds a training center at [[Applecross|Aprochrosan]] that would serve as a base for missionary outreach into Scotland<ref>Gaelic Society of Inverness. ''Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness'', The Society, 1985, p. 161</ref>
* 680 – First translation of Christian scriptures into Arabic
* 687 – Conversion of Sussex<ref name="ecole.evansville.edu"/>
* 689 – Pagans kill Irish missionary [[Saint Kilian|Kilian]] near [[Würzburg]] in what is now Germany.<ref>Herbermann, p. 639</ref>
* 692 – [[Willibrord]] and 11 companions cross the [[North Sea]] to become missionaries to the [[Frisia]]ns (modern-day Netherlands)<ref name=kanep41>Kane, p. 41</ref>
* 697 – Muslims overrun [[Carthage]], capital of [[North Africa]]<ref>Gailey, p. 43</ref>
{{See also|Christianity in the 8th century}}
* 720 – Caliph [[Umar II]] puts heavy pressure on the Christian Berbers to convert to Islam
* 716 – [[Boniface]] begins missionary work among [[Germanic tribes]]<ref name="Tucker, 2004, p. 55">{{harvnb|Tucker|2004|p=55}}</ref>
* 724 – Boniface fells pagan sacred oak of [[Thor]] at [[Geismar]] in [[Hesse]] (Germany)<ref>Neill, p. 64</ref>
* 732 – Muslim advance from Spain and southern France stopped by [[Charles Martel]] at the [[Battle of Tours]] and Poitiers
* 740 – Irish monks reach Iceland<ref>Moreau, p. 467</ref>
* 771 – [[Charlemagne]] becomes king and decree that sermons will be given in the [[vernacular]]. He also commissioned Bible translations.<ref>Herzog, p. 351</ref>
* 781 – [[Xi'an Stele]] erected near [[Xi'an]] (China) to commemorate the propagation in China of the [[Luminous Religion]], thus providing a written record of a Christian presence in China<ref>Neill, p. 82</ref>
* 787 – [[Ludger|Liudger]] begins missionary work among the pagans near the mouth of the [[Ems (river)|Ems river]] (in Germany)<ref>Herbermann, p. 415</ref>

==Middle Ages==
{{Main|Medieval history of Christianity}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#Middle Ages|Middle Ages}}
{{See also|Christianity in the 9th century}}
* 822 – [[Mojmír I]] of [[Great Moravia]], converts to Christianity
* 826 – [[Ansgar]] from France is sent by papal authority to Denmark as a royal chaplain and missionary; Harald Klak is baptized along with 400 of his followers at Mainz<ref>Neill, p. 69</ref>
* 828 – First Christian church in present-day [[Slovakia]] is built in [[Nitra]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.nitra.sk/?id_menu=5846&module_action__34014__inc=4553&no_cache_left=1 |title=Nitra Pribina |publisher=Eng.nitra.sk |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref> First missionaries reach the area that is now the Czech Republic<ref name=barrettp24/>
* 830 – Scots-born [[Erluph]] is evangelizing in (what is now) Germany when he is killed by the [[Vandals]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Catholic Online |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=3171 |title=St. Erluph – Saints & Angels – Saints & Angels – Catholic Online |work=Catholic.org |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 859 – Execution of [[Eulogius of Córdoba]], proponent of confrontational Christian witness in Spain and other Muslim-dominated societies. Opposed to any feeling of affinity with [[Muslim culture]], Eulogius advocated using a missiology of [[martyr]]dom to confront Islam.<ref>Anderson, pp. 202-203</ref>
* 863 – [[Cyril and Methodius]] are invited by [[Rastislav of Moravia|Rastislav]] to evangelize in [[Great Moravia]] and the [[Balaton Principality]]<ref>Latourette, 1953, p. 307</ref>
* 864 – Conversion of [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Prince Boris of Bulgaria]]<ref>Anderson, pp. 79-80</ref> and [[Christianization of Bulgaria]]
* 867 – All [[Serbs|Serbian]] tribes are fully Christianized<ref name="antiochian-orthodox.co.uk">{{cite web|url=https://www.antiochian-orthodox.co.uk/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513023705/http://www.antiochian-orthodox.co.uk/orthodox_christian_mission.htm|title=Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of the British Isles and Ireland|archive-date=May 13, 2008|website=Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of the British Isles and Ireland}}</ref>
* 878 – Last definite reference to Christians in China before the [[Mongol]] era
* 880 – First Slavic archbishopric established in [[Great Moravia]] with [[Saint Methodius of Thessaloniki|Methodius]] as its head; Bible translated into Slavonic<ref name=barrettp25>Barrett, p. 25</ref>
* 900 – Missionaries from the [[Archdiocese of Bremen|archdiocese of Bremen-Hamburg]] reach Norway<ref name=barrettp25/>
{{See also|Christianity in the 10th century}}
* 912 – The [[Normans]] become Christian<ref>Adams, Henry. ''Mont Saint Michel and Chartres'', Penguin Classics, 1986, p. 19</ref>
* 948 – The leader of the [[Magyars]] converts to Christianity
* 957 – [[Olga of Kiev|Princess Olga]] of [[Kiev]] [[baptism|baptized]]<ref>Neill, p. 76</ref>
* 965 – [[Harold I of Denmark]] converts to Christianity and smooths the way for the acceptance of Christian faith by the [[Danish people]]
* 966 – [[Mieszko I of Poland]] converts to Christianity and begins the period of Christian Poland<ref>Neill, p. 79</ref>
* 987 – [[Church of the East in China|Church of the East]] monks visiting China find no traces of Christian community left<ref>Neill, p. 83</ref>
* 988 – [[Baptism of Kievan Rus']] under [[Vladimir I of Kiev|Vladimir I]]<ref>Olson, p. 104</ref>
* 995 – Christian missionaries from Norway begin working in [[Iceland]]
* 997 – [[Adalbert of Prague]] dies as a [[martyr]] in [[Prussia]]<ref name="Neill, p. 94">Neill, p. 94</ref>

== 1000 to 1499 ==
{{Main|Christianity in the 11th century}}
{{See also|Medieval history of Christianity#East-West Schism}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#Middle Ages}}
* 1000 – Christianity accepted by common consent in Iceland by parliament (Alþingi). [[Leif Eriksson|Leif the Lucky]] introduces the Gospel to [[Greenland]], possibly [[Vinland]] (Newfoundland)<ref>[http://users.adelphia.net/~kmjviking/Historical_Leif_the_Lucky.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907081412/http://users.adelphia.net/~kmjviking/Historical_Leif_the_Lucky.htm|date=September 7, 2008}}</ref>
* 1003 – The Hungarian king sends evangelists to Transylvania<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/69.html |title=White and Black Hungarians |publisher=Mek.oszk.hu |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1008 – Sigfrid (or Sigurd), English missionary, baptizes King [[Olof Skötkonung|Olof of Sweden]]
* 1009 – [[Bruno of Querfurt]] is beheaded in [[Prussia]] where he had gone as a missionary<ref name="Neill, p. 94"/>
* 1015 – Russia is said to have been "comprehensively" converted to the [[Eastern Orthodox church|Orthodox faith]];<ref>Tillyrides, Makarios. ''Adventures in the Unseen: The Silent Witness'', Orthodox Research Institute Press, 2004, p. 426</ref> Olaf II Haroldsson becomes the first king of the whole of Norway. Over the next 15 years he would organize Norway's final conversion and its integration into Christian Europe.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.bookrags.com/Olaf_II_of_Norway |title=Olaf II of Norway Biography Summary |work=BookRags.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1017 – Günther tries to convert the inhabitants of [[Vorpommern]]; the mission is not successful.<ref name=Heitz157>{{cite book|title=Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|first1=Gerhard|last1=Heitz|first2=Henning|last2=Rischer|publisher=Koehler&Amelang|location=Münster-Berlin|year=1995|isbn=3-7338-0195-4|language=de|page=157}}</ref>
{{See also|Christianity in the 12th century}}
* 1122 – Bernhard, later [[Bishopric of Lebus|bishop of Lebus]] launches an unsuccessful mission in the [[Duchy of Pomerania]]<ref>Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, p. 36, {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}} {{OCLC|43087092}}</ref>
* 1124–28 – [[Otto von Bamberg]] succeeds in the [[Conversion of Pomerania]]<ref name=Heitz161>{{cite book|title=Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|first1=Gerhard|last1=Heitz|first2=Henning|last2=Rischer|publisher=Koehler&Amelang|location=Münster-Berlin|year=1995|isbn=3-7338-0195-4|language=de|pages=161–162}}</ref> [[Bishopric of Cammin]] established in Pomerania in 1140.
* 1168 – [[Absalon]] subdues and converts the [[Principality of Rügen]]<ref>Gerhard Krause, Horst Robert Balz, [[Gerhard Müller (Lutheran theologian)|Gerhard Müller]], Theologische Realenzyklopädie, Walter de Gruyter, 1997, p. 40ff, {{ISBN|3-11-015435-8}}</ref>
* 1200 – The Bible is now available in 22 different languages
* 1210 – [[Franciscan]] Order established<ref>Latourette, 1953, p. 430</ref>
{{See also|Christianity in the 13th century}}
* 1216 – [[Dominican Order]] established<ref>Latourette, 1953, p. 438</ref>
* 1219 – [[Francis of Assisi]] presents the Gospel to the [[Sultan]] of Egypt<ref>Neill, p. 99</ref>
* 1225 – [[Pope Honorius III]] issues ''[[Vineae Domini custodes]]'' in which he gives permission to and exhorts the Dominicans and Franciscans to join the [[Catholic_Church_in_Morocco#Middle_Ages|mission to Morocco]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fonnesberg-Schmidt |first1=Iben |title=The Popes and the Baltic Crusades: 1147-1254 |date=2007 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-15502-2 |pages=168–169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKCAvDd2JHYC |access-date=5 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* 1227 – Prince Bort converted and baptized in Ukraine<ref>Neill, p. 100</ref>
* 1244 – Christians are reported in [[Lithuania]] with King [[Mindaugas]] being [[baptism|baptized]] in 1251<ref>Neill, p. 95</ref>
* 1253 – Franciscan [[William of Rubruck]] begins his journey to the [[Mongol]]s<ref>Neill, pp. 104-105</ref>
* 1266 – [[Mongol]] leader [[Kublai Khan|Khan]] sends [[Marco Polo]]'s father and uncle, Niccolo and Matteo Polo, back to Europe with a request to the [[Pope]] to send 100 Christian missionaries (only two responded and one died before reaching [[Mongol]] territory)<ref>Neill, p. 107</ref>
* 1276 – [[Ramon Llull]] opens training center to send missionaries to [[North Africa]]<ref>Neill, p. 116</ref>
* 1291 – Appointment of first indigenous bishop in Finland<ref>Neill, p. 93</ref>
* 1294 – Franciscan [[Giovanni di Monte Corvino]] arrives in China<ref>Neill, p. 108</ref>
{{See also|Christianity in the 14th century|Timeline of Christianity#Renaissance}}
* 1303 – Arnold of [[Cologne]] arrives in China to assist [[Giovanni di Monte Corvino]]<ref>Anderson, p. 334</ref>
* 1321 – [[Jordan Catala|Jordanus]], a [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friar, arrives in India as the first resident [[Roman Catholic]] missionary<ref>Herbermann, p. 683</ref>
* 1322 – [[Odoric of Pordenone]], a Franciscan friar from Italy, arrives in China
* 1323 – Franciscans make contacts on [[Sumatra]], [[Java (island)|Java]], and [[Borneo]]<ref name=barrettp25/>
* 1326 – [[Chagatai Khanate|Chaghatayid Khan Ilchigedai]] grants permission for a church to be built in [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbekistan]]<ref name="oxuscom.com"/>
* 1329 – [[Nicaea]] falls to Muslim [[Ottoman Turks]]<ref>Latourette, 1953, p. 602</ref>
* 1334 – Chaghatayid Khan Buzun allows Christians to rebuild churches and permits Franciscans to establish a missionary episcopate in Almaliq, [[Azerbaijan]]<ref name="oxuscom.com"/>
* 1368 – Collapse of the Franciscan mission in China as [[Ming Dynasty]] abolishes Christianity
* 1379 – Russian Orthodox missionary [[Stephen of Perm]] travels north toward the [[White Sea]] and settles among the [[Komi peoples]] living between [[Pechora River|Pechora]] and [[Vychegda River|Vychegda]] Rivers at Ust-Vim<ref>Anderson, p. 639</ref>
* 1382 – Bible translated into English from [[Latin]] by [[John Wycliff]]<ref>Glazier, p. 82</ref>
* 1386 – [[Jogaila]] (baptized – Wladyslaw II), king of the [[Lithuanians]], is baptized<ref name=barrettp25/>
* 1389 – Large numbers of Christians march through the streets of Cairo, denouncing Islam and lamenting that they had abandoned the religion of their fathers from fear of persecution. They were beheaded, both men and women, and a fresh persecution of Christians followed<ref>Latourette, 1953, p. 611</ref>
* 1400 – Scriptures translated into Icelandic<ref name=barrettp25/>
{{See also|Christianity in the 15th century}}
* 1408 – Spanish Dominican [[Vincent Ferrer]] begins a ministry in Italy in which it is said that thousands of Jews and Muslims were won to faith in Christ<ref>Latourette, 1953, pp. 652-653</ref>
* 1410 – Bible is translated into Hungarian<ref name=barrettp25/>
* 1420 – Franciscan missionaries accompany Portuguese expedition to Madeira<ref name=kanep57>Kane, p. 57</ref>
* 1431 – Franciscan missionaries accompany Portuguese expedition to the Azores<ref name=kanep57/>
* 1435 – Forced conversion of [[Jews]] in [[Palma de Mallorca]], Spain<ref>Kamen, Henry. ''The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision'', Yale University Press, 1999, p. 56</ref>
* 1445 – First Christians reported in [[Guinea-Bissau]]<ref name=barrettp25/>
* 1448 – First Christians reported in [[Mauritania]]
* 1450 – Franciscan missionaries accompany Portuguese expedition to the Cape Verde Islands<ref name=kanep57/>
* 1453 – [[Constantinople]] falls to the Muslim [[Ottoman Turks]] who make it their capital. An Islamic service of thanksgiving is held in the church of Saint Sophia<ref>Latourette, 1953, pp. 613-614</ref>
* 1455 – With the [[papal bull|bull]] [[Romanus Pontifex]] the patronage of missions in new countries behind [[Cape Bojador]] is given to the Portuguese (see "[[Padroado]]").
* 1462 – [[Johannes Gutenberg]] begins printing the Bible with his movable-type printing process; [[Pope Pius II]] assigns the evangelization of the [[Portuguese Guinea]] Coast of Africa to the [[Franciscans]] led by Alfonso de Bolano<ref name="ewtn.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/new_evangelization/africa/history/continent.htm |title=Evangelization Of The Continent |work=Ewtn.com |date=1986-12-31 |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1485 – After having come into contact with the Portuguese, the King of [[Benin]] requests that a church be planted in his kingdom<ref name="ewtn.com"/>
* 1486 – [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] become active in [[West Africa]], notably among the [[Wolof people]] in [[Senegambia (geography)|Senegambia]].
* 1489 – [[Baptism]] of [[Wolof people|Wolof]] king Behemoi in [[Senegal]]<ref>De Graft-Johnson. ''African Glory: The Story of Vanished Negro Civilizations'', Praeger, 1954, p. 132</ref>
* 1491 – The [[Kingdom of Kongo|Congo]] sees its first group of missionaries arrive.<ref name=kanep69>Kane, p. 69</ref> Under the ministry of these Franciscan and [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] priests, the king would soon be [[baptism|baptized]] and a church built at the royal capital.
* 1492 – Birth of the [[Mother Church|church]] in [[Angola]]
* 1493 – [[Pope Alexander VI]] [[Inter caetera|allows]] Spain to colonize the New World with Catholic missions; [[Christopher Columbus]] takes Christian priests with him on his second journey to the [[New World]]
* 1494 – First missionaries arrive in [[Dominican Republic]]
* 1495 – The head of a convent in [[Seville, Spain]], [[Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy|Mercedarian]] Jorge, makes a trip to the [[West Indies]].
* 1496 – First Christian [[baptism]]s in the [[New World]] take place when Guaticaba along with other members of his household are [[baptism|baptized]] on the island of [[Hispaniola]]<ref>Pané, Ramón, ''An Account of the Antiquities of the Indians: Chronicles of the New World'', edited by Jose Arrom and translated by Susan C. Griswold. Duke University Press, 1999 p. 32</ref>
* 1497 – Forced conversion of Jews in Portugal<ref name=barrettp26>Barrett, p. 26</ref>
* 1498 – First Christians are reported in [[Kenya]]
* 1499 – Portuguese [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] missionaries arrive at [[Zanzibar]]. Their [[Mission (Christian)|mission]] will end in 1698 due to the [[Oman]]-Arab conquest.

== 1500 to 1600 ==
{{Main|Christianity in the 16th century}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#Reformation}}
{{See also|Protestant Reformation|Counter-Reformation|Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery}}
* 1500 – Franciscans enter [[Brazil]] with [[Pedro Álvares Cabral|Cabral]]<ref name=kanep57/>
* 1501 – Portuguese explorer [[João da Nova]] builds a chapel at [[Mossel Bay]], the first one in [[South Africa]]
* 1501 – [[Pope Alexander VI]] grants to the crown of Spain all the newly discovered countries in the Americas, on condition that provision be made for the religious instruction of the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|native populations]]
* 1502 – [[Bartolomé de las Casas]], who will later become an ardent defender of the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]], goes to [[Cuba]]. For his military services there he will be given an [[encomienda]], an estate that included the services of the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas]] living on it.
* 1503 – Mar Elijah, Patriarch of the [[Indian Orthodox Church|East Syrian church]], sends three missionaries "to the islands of the sea which are inside [[Java (island)|Java]] and to China."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.religion-online.org/showchapter.asp?title=1553&C=1365 |title=East of the Euphrates: Early Christianity in Asia |work=Religion-online.org |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626072905/http://religion-online.org/showchapter.asp?title=1553&C=1365 |archive-date=2010-06-26 }}</ref>
* 1506 – Mission work begun in [[Mozambique]]<ref name=barrettp26/>
* 1508 – Franciscans begin evangelizing in [[Venezuela]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldspirituality.org/catholic-missions.html |title=Catholic Missions |work=Worldspirituality.org |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1509 – First church building constructed on [[Puerto Rico]]<ref name=barrettp26/>
* 1510 – [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] begin work in [[Haiti]]<ref name="Tucker, 2004, p. 55"/>
* 1511 – [[Martin de Valencia]] came to believe that Psalm 58 prophesied the [[Religious conversion|conversion]] of all unbelievers. While reflecting on the Scripture passage, he asked, "When will this be?  When will this prophecy be filled . . . we are already in the afternoon, at the end of our days, and the world's final era."  Later that same week, while reading aloud from the prophet Isaiah, he reportedly saw a vision of vast multitudes being converted and baptised. He began to pray to be chosen to preach and convert all heathen. He would die 20 years later as a missionary to Mexico.<ref>[http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/WEST-01.ART] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081027005045/http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/WEST-01.ART|date=October 27, 2008}}</ref>
* 1512 – [[Dominican Order|Dominican missionary]] Antonio de Montesino returns to Spain to try to convince [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|King Ferdinand]] that all is not as it should be in the new western colonies. He reported that on the islands of [[Hispaniola]] (now [[Dominican Republic]] and [[Haiti]]) and [[Cuba]], the indigenous peoples were rapidly dying out under the system of slavery used by the colonists.
* 1513 – In [[Cuba]], [[Bartolomé de las Casas]] is ordained (possibly the first ordination in the New World). Soon thereafter, Las Casas will renounce all claims to his Indian serfs
* 1515 – Portuguese missionary [[Francisco Álvares]] is sent on a diplomatic mission to [[Dawit II of Ethiopia|Dawit II]], the Negus or Emperor of Abyssinia (an old name for [[Ethiopia]])
* 1515 – Portuguese missionaries begin work in Benin, [[Nigeria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatrevivals.com |title=Great Revivals, Great Revivalist - Joseph Ayo Babalola |access-date=2012-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130043028/http://greatrevivals.com/ |archive-date=2009-01-30 }}</ref>
* 1517 – The [[Mughal empire|Mughal Rulers]] of [[Delhi]] opened the door of [[Bengal]] to Christian missionaries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamawareness.net/Asia/Bangladesh/Christian_Evangelisation_Bengal.pdf |title=Christian Evangelisation Bengal |publisher=www.islamawareness.net |access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref>
* 1518 – Don Henrique, son of the king of the Congo, is consecrated by [[Pope Leo X]] as the first [[indigenous peoples|indigenous]] bishop from sub-Saharan Black Africa<ref>Melady, Thomas Patrick. ''Faces of Africa'', Macmillan, 1964, p. 126</ref>
* 1519 – Two Franciscans accompany [[Hernán Cortés]] in his expedition to Mexico<ref name="christusrex.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/fra/FRAmis03.html |title=Franciscan Missionary Charism – Part 3 |work=Christusrex.org |date=2001-12-30 |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604095304/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/fra/FRAmis03.html |archive-date=2011-06-04 }}</ref>
* 1520 – German missionary [[Maximilian Uhland]], also known as Bernardino de San José, goes to [[Hispaniola]] with the newly appointed Bishop [[Alessandro Geraldini]].
* 1521 – [[Pope Leo X]] grants Franciscan Francis Quiñones permission and faculties to go as a missionary to the [[New World]] together with Juan Clapión
* 1522 – Portuguese missionaries establish presence on coast of [[Sri Lanka]] and begin moving inland in the wake of Portuguese military units
* 1523 – [[Martin Luther]] writes a missionary hymn based on [[Psalm 67]], ''[[Es woll uns Gott genädig sein]]''. It has been called "the first missionary hymn of [[Protestantism]]."<ref>Gailey, pp. 44-45</ref>
* 1524 – Martin de Valencia goes to [[New Spain]] with 12 Franciscan friars
* 1525 – Italian Franciscan missionary Giulio Zarco is sent to [[Michoacán]] on the western coast of Mexico where he will become very proficient in some of the indigenous languages
* 1526 – Franciscans enter Florida;<ref name=kanep68>Kane, p. 68</ref> Twelve [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friars arrive in the Mexican capital
* 1527 – [[Martyrs' Synod]] — organized by [[Anabaptist]]s, it is the first Protestant missionary conference
* 1528 – Franciscan missionary [[Juan de Padilla]] arrives in Mexico. He will accompany [[Francisco Vásquez de Coronado|Coronado]]'s expedition searching for the [[Quivira and Cibola|Seven Cities]] and eventually settle among the Quivira (now called the [[Wichita (tribe)|Wichita]])<ref>Anderson, p. 511</ref>
* 1529 – Franciscan Peter of Ghent writes from Latin America that he and a colleague had baptized 14,000 people on one day<ref>Latourette, vol. 3, p. 113</ref>
* 1531 – Franciscan [[Juan de Padilla]] begins a series of missionary tours among Indian tribes southeast of Mexico City<ref name="Herbermann, p. 385"/>
* 1532 – Evangelization of [[Peru]] begins when missionaries arrive with [[Francisco Pizarro]]'s military expedition<ref name=barrettp26/>
* 1533 – The [[Pechenga Monastery]] is founded in the [[Extreme North]] of Russia to preach Gospel to the [[Sami people]]; [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] order arrives in Mexico; First Christian missionaries arrive in [[Tonkin]], what is now [[Vietnam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3757/is_199801/ai_n8781211/pg_31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904115122/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3757/is_199801/ai_n8781211/pg_31 |archive-date=2015-09-04 |title="new" Law Development Movement in the post-Cold War era: A Vietnam case study, The – page 31 &#124; Law & Society Review |work=Findarticles.com |date=1986-06-17 |access-date=2010-07-10 }}</ref>
* 1534 – The entire caste of [[Paravas]] on the [[Coromandel Coast]] are baptized—perhaps 20,000 people in all<ref>Latourette, vol. III, p. 253</ref>
* 1536 – Northern Italian Anabaptist missionary Hans Oberecker is burned at the stake in Vienna.<ref>Cornelius J. Dyck and Dennis D. Martin, eds. ''The Mennonite encyclopedia'' (1955) 1:196</ref>
* 1537 – [[Pope Paul III]] orders that the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas]] of the New World be brought to Christ "by the preaching of the divine word, and with the example of the good life."<ref name=kanep57/>
* 1538 – Franciscans enter [[Paraguay]]<ref name="christusrex.org"/>
* 1539 – The [[Pueblo people|Pueblos]] of what is now the U.S. Southwest are encountered by Spanish Franciscan missionary [[Marcos de Niza]]<ref>Tucker, p. 63{{verify source|date=August 2013}}</ref>
* 1539 – Together with two friends [[Ignatius of Loyola]] forms the [[Society of Jesus]] which is approved by Pope Paul III one year later.
* 1540 – Franciscans arrive in Trinidad and are killed by cannibals
* 1541 – Franciscans begin establishing missions in [[California]]
* 1542 – [[Francis Xavier]] goes to the Portuguese colony of [[Goa]] in [[West India]]<ref>Neill, p. 127</ref>
* 1543 – [[Anabaptist]] [[Menno Simons]] leaves the Netherlands and begins planting churches in Germany<ref>[http://ebenezermennonite.org/history.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070605153138/http://ebenezermennonite.org/history.htm|date=June 5, 2007}}</ref>
* 1544 – Franciscan Andrés de Olmos, leads group of Indian converts to [[Tamaulipas]]
* 1545 – Testifying to the power that letters back home from missionaries have had, Antonio Araoz writes about Francis Xavier: "No less fruit has been obtained in Spain and Portugal through his letters than has been obtained in the Indies through his teaching."<ref>[http://www.bomjesu.org/events/francisxavier-letterwriter.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503045105/http://www.bomjesu.org/events/francisxavier-letterwriter.htm|date=May 3, 2006}}</ref>
* 1546 – Xavier travels to the Indonesian islands of [[Morotai]], [[Ambon Island|Ambon]], and [[Ternate]]
* 1547 – Wealthy Spaniard [[Juan Fernández (missionary)|Juan Fernández]] becomes a Jesuit. He will go to Japan as a missionary.
* 1548 – Xavier founds the College of the Holy Name of God in [[Baçaim]] on the northwest coast of India
* 1549 – [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[Luis Cancer]], who had worked among the [[Maya civilization|Mayans]] of [[Guatemala]] and Mexico, lands at [[Tampa Bay]] (Florida) with two companions. They are immediately killed by the [[Calusa]].<ref>[http://www.floridahistory.org/floridians/conquis.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113064511/http://www.floridahistory.org/floridians/conquis.htm|date=January 13, 2008}}</ref>
* 1549 Jesuit missionaries led by Xavier arrive in Japan and built a base in Kyushu.<ref>Robert Richmond Ellis, "The Best Thus Far Discovered": The Japanese in the Letters of St. Francisco Xavier", ''Hispanic Review,'' Vol. 71 No. 2 (Spring 2003), pp. 155–169 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3247185 in jstor]</ref> Their activity was most successful in Kyushu, with about 100,000 to 200,000 converts, including many ''[[daimyō]]s''.<ref>Otis Cary, ''A History of Christianity in Japan: Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox missions'' (1909) [https://archive.org/details/ahistorychristi00carygoog online edition] pp. 13–241</ref>
* 1550 – Printed Scriptures are available in 28 languages<ref name=barrettp26/>
* 1551 – Dominican Jerome de Loaysa founds the [[National University of San Marcos]] in [[Lima]] (Peru) as well as a hospital for indigenous peoples
* 1553 – Portuguese missionaries build a church in [[Malacca Town]], [[Malaysia]]
* 1554 – 1,500 converts to Christianity are reported in Siam (now called [[Thailand]])<ref name=barrettp26/>
* 1555 – [[John Calvin]] sends [[Huguenot]]s to Brazil<ref name="kanep76">Kane, p. 76</ref>
* 1555 – The first, failed, attempt to set up a Christian mission in [[Cambodia]], by Dominican [[Gaspar da Cruz]].<ref>{{citation
|first1=Charles Ralph |last1=Boxer|first2= Galeote |last2=Pereira|first3= Gaspar da |last3=Cruz|first4= Martín de |last4=Rada|author-link=C. R. Boxer|publisher=Printed for the Hakluyt Society |year=1953|title=South China in the sixteenth century: being the narratives of Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P. [and] Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550-1575)|series=Issue 106 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImoTAAAAIAAJ|pages=lix,59–63}}</ref>
* 1556 – [[Gaspar da Cruz]] spends a month preaching in [[Guangzhou]], China.<ref>Needham, Joseph. ''Science and Civilisation in China'', Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 542</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~borao/2Profesores/Macao%20Gate.pdf|year = 2009|title = International Conference on The Role and Status of Macao in the Propagation of Catholicism in the East, Macao, 3-5 November 2009, Centre of Sino-Western Cultural Studies, Istituto Politecnico de Macao.|contribution=Macao as the non-entry point to China: The case of the Spanish Dominican missionaries (1587–1632)|first=José Eugenio|last=Borao}}</ref>
* 1557 – Jesuit bishop [[André de Oviedo]] arrives in [[Ethiopia]] with five priests to convert the local [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Christians]] to Catholicism.<ref>Paul B. Henze, ''Layers of Time'' (New York, Palgrave, 2000), p. 93.</ref>
* 1558 – The [[Kabard]]ian duke Saltan Idarov converts to [[Eastern Orthodox church|Orthodox Christianity]]
* 1559 – Missionary Vilela settles in [[Kyoto]], Japan
* 1560 – [[Gonçalo da Silveira]], a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, visited the [[Munhumutapa Empire]], where he rapidly made converts
* 1562 – [[Diego de Landa]] burns the libraries of the [[Maya civilization]]<ref>Gailey, p. 99</ref>
* 1563 – Jesuit missionary Luis Frois, who will later write a history of Jesuit activity in Japan, arrives in that country; [[Ōmura Sumitada]] becomes the first ''[[daimyō]]'' (feudal landholder) to convert to Christianity
* 1564 – [[Miguel López de Legazpi|Legazpi]] begins [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] work in [[Philippines|Philippine]] Islands<ref name=kanep62>Kane, p. 62</ref><ref name=kanep130>Kane, p. 130</ref>
* 1565 – Jesuits arrive in [[Macau]].
* 1566 – The first Jesuit to enter what is now the United States, Pedro Martinez, is clubbed to death by fearful [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]] on the sands of [[Fort George Island]], Florida
* 1567 – Missionaries Jeronimo da Cruz and Sebastiao da Canto, both [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], arrive at [[Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]], [[Thailand]]
* 1568 – In the [[Philippines]], Diego de Herrera baptizes Chieftain Tupas of [[Cebu Island|Cebu]] and his son
* 1569 – [[Jeronimo da Cruz]] is murdered along with two newly arrived missionaries
* 1570 – [[Ignacio Azevedo]] and 39 other Jesuit missionaries are killed by pirates near Palma, one of the [[Canary Islands]], while on their way to [[Brazil]]
* 1571 – [[Capuchin friar]]s of the 'Strict Observance' arrive on the island of Trinidad with conquistador Don Juan Ponce of Seville.
* 1572 – Jesuits arrive in Mexico
* 1573 – Large-scale evangelization of the [[Florida]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indian nations and tribes]] begins with the arrival of Franciscan friars; [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] order enters [[Ecuador]]
* 1574 – [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] Guillermo de Santa Maria writes a treatise on the illegitimacy of the war the Spanish government was waging against the [[Chichimeca]] in the Mexican state of [[Michoacán]]
* 1575 – Church building constructed in [[Kyoto]]. Built in Japanese architectural style, it was popularly called the "temple of the South Barbarians"
* 1575 – Spanish Augustinians [[Martín de Rada]] and [[Geronimo Martín]] spend four months in [[Fujian]], China, trying to arrange for long-term missionary work there. The attempt ends in failure due to unrelated events in the Philippines.
* 1577 – [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] enter [[Mozambique]] and penetrate inland, burning Muslim [[mosque]]s as they go<ref name=kanep71>Kane, p. 71</ref>
* 1578 – The king of Spain orders the bishop of Lima not to confer [[Holy Orders]] on [[mestizo]]s
* 1579 – Jesuit [[Alessandro Valignano]] arrives in Japan where, as "Visitor of Missions", he formulates a basic strategy for Catholic proselytism in that country. Valignano's adaptationism attempted to avoid cultural frictions by covering the gap between certain Japanese customs and Roman Catholic values.<ref>Neill, p. 134</ref>
* 1580 – Japanese ''[[daimyō]]'' (feudal landholder) Arima Harunobu becomes Christian and takes the name Protasio
* 1582 – Jesuits, with [[Michele Ruggieri]] and [[Matteo Ricci]] as the pioneers, begin mission work in [[mainland China]]; introduce Western science, mathematics, astronomy<ref>Latourette, 1953, p. 939</ref>
* 1583 – Five Jesuit missionaries are murdered near [[Goa]] (India)
* 1584 – [[Matteo Ricci]] and a Chinese scholar translate a [[catechism]] into Chinese under the title ''Tian Zhu Shi Lu'' (天主實録) (A True Account of God)
* 1585 – [[Carmelites|Carmelite]] leader Jerome Gracian meets with Martin Ignatius de Loyola, a Franciscan missionary from China. The two sign a ''vinculo de hermandad misionera''—a bond of missionary brotherhood—by which the two orders would collaborate in missionary work in [[Ethiopia]], China, the [[Philippines]], and the East and West Indies.
* 1586 – Portuguese missionary [[João dos Santos]] reports that locals kill elephants to protect their crops in [[Sofala]], Mozambique.
* 1587 – All foreigners ordered out of Japan when the ''[[shōgun]]'' fears they are as divisive and might present the Europeans with an opportunity to disrupt Japan. They stay but persecution escalates.
* 1587 – Manteo becomes the first [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] to be baptized by the Church of England
* 1590 – A book by Belgian pastor [[Hadrian à Saravia]] has a chapter arguing that the [[Great Commission]] is still binding on the church today because the Apostles did not fulfill it completely<ref>James Tanis, "Reformed Pietism and Protestant Missions," ''Harvard Theological Review'', vol. 67 (1974), p. 65.</ref>
* 1591 – First Catholic church built in [[Trinidad]]; First Chinese admitted as members of the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit order]]
* 1593 – The Franciscans arrive in Japan and establish St. Anna's hospital in [[Kyoto]]; they dispute with the Jesuits.
* 1594 – First Jesuit missionaries arrive in what is today [[Pakistan]]
* 1595 – [[Dutch East India Company]] chaplains expand their ministry beyond the European expatriates<ref>Olson, p. 114</ref>
* 1596 – Jesuit missionaries travel across the island of [[Samar (island)|Samar]] in the Philippines to establish mission centers on the eastern side
* 1597 – Twenty-six Japanese Christians are crucified for their faith by General [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] in [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki, Japan]].<ref>Latourette, vol. III, p. 328</ref> Full-scale persecution destroys the Christian community by the 1620s. Converts who did not reject Christianity were killed. Many Christians went underground,  but their communities died out. Christianity left no permanent imprint on Japanese society.<ref>Jurgis Ellisonas, "Christianity and the daimyo," in John W. Hall, ed. ''The Cambridge History of Japan: Early modern Japan'' (1991) pp. 301-372</ref>
* 1598 – Spanish missionaries push north from Mexico into what is now the state of [[New Mexico]].
* 1599 – Jesuit Francisco Fernandez goes to what is now the [[Jessore District]] of [[Bangladesh]] and builds a church there

== 1600 to 1699 ==
{{See also|Christianity in the 17th century|Timeline of Christianity#17th century}}
* 1600 – French missionaries arrive in the area of what is now [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan]]
* 1601 – First ordination of Japanese priests
* 1602 – Chinese scientist and translator [[Xu Guangqi]] is baptized
* 1603 – The Jesuit Mission Press in Japan commences publication of a Japanese- Portuguese dictionary
* 1604 – Jesuit missionary Abbè [[Jessè Flèchè]] arrives at [[Habitation at Port-Royal|Port Royal, Nova Scotia]]
* 1605 – [[Roberto de Nobili]] goes to India<ref name=kanep64>Kane, p. 64</ref>
* 1606 – Japanese ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] bans Christianity
* 1607 – Missionary [[Juan Fonte]] establishes the first Jesuit mission among the [[Tarahumara]] in the [[Sierra Madre Occidental|Sierra Madre Mountains]] of Northwest Mexico
* 1608 – A missionary expedition into the [[Ceará]] area of [[Brazil]] fails when the Tacariju kill the Jesuit leader
* 1609 – Missionary [[Nicolas Trigault]] goes to China; he will soon (1615) publish [[De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas|Ricci's journals]] in Europe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yutopian.com/religion/missionary/Trigault.html |title=Nicolas Trigault (1577-1628 A.D.) |work=Yutopian.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1610 – Chinese mathematician and astronomer [[Li Zhizao]] is [[baptism|baptized]]<ref>Anderson, p. 399</ref>
* 1611 – Two Jesuits begin work among [[Mi'kmaq people|Mi'kmaq]] Indians of [[Nova Scotia]]<ref name=kanep68/>
* 1612 – Jesuits found a mission for the [[Abenaki people|Abenaki]]s in [[Maine]]<ref name=kanep68/>
* 1613 – Missionary [[Alvarus de Semedo]] goes to China
* 1614 – Anti-Christian edicts issued in Japan with over 40,000 Christians being massacred<ref name=barrettp27>Barrett, p. 27</ref>
* 1615 – French missionaries in Canada open schools in [[Trois-Rivières, Quebec|Trois-Rivières]] and [[Tadoussac, Quebec|Tadoussac]] to teach [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] children with the hopes of converting them
* 1616 – Nanjing Missionary Case in which the clash between Chinese practice of [[ancestor worship]] and [[Roman Catholic church|Catholic]] doctrine ends in the deportation of foreign missionaries. Missionary [[Johann Adam Schall von Bell]] arrives in China
* 1617 – Portuguese missionary Francisco de Pina arrives in [[Vietnam]]
* 1618 – Portuguese [[Carmelites]] go from [[Persian Empire|Persia]] to [[Pakistan]] to establish a church in [[Thatta]] (near [[Karachi]])
* 1619 – [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] missionaries found the [[University of St. Tomas]] in the Philippine islands
* 1620 – [[Carmelites]] enter [[Goa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ocd.pcn.net/mission/mis_hMA.htm |title=Carmelite mission to Malabar |work=Ocd.pcn.net |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-date=2018-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819010823/http://www.ocd.pcn.net/mission/mis_hMA.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1621 – The [[Augustinians]] establish themselves in [[Chittagong]]
* 1622 – [[Pope Gregory VI]] founds the [[Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith]]. This becomes the major Papal agency for coordinating and directing missionary work<ref>Herbermann, p. 456</ref>
* 1623 – A stone monument ([[Xi'an Stele]])  is unearthed in [[Xi'an]] (Si-ngan-fu), China. Its inscription, written by a Syrian monk almost a thousand years earlier and in both Chinese characters and Persian script, begins with the words, "Let us praise the Lord that the [Christian] faith has been popular in China"; it told of the arrival of a missionary, [[A-lo-pen]] (Abraham), in AD 625. [[Alvaro Semedo]] and other Jesuits soon publicize the stele's discovery in Europe.
* 1624 – Persecution intensifies in Japan with 50 Christians being burned alive in [[Edo]] (now called Tokyo)
* 1625 – [[Vietnam]] expels missionaries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/asia/rsv/rsv10.htm |title=The Religions of South Vietnam in Faith and Fact: VII. Roman Catholicism in South Vietnam |work=Sacred-texts.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1626 – After entering Japan in disguise, Jesuit missionary Francis Pacheco is captured and executed at [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]]<ref>Delaney, John J. and James Edward Tobin. ''Dictionary of Catholic Biography'', Doubleday, 1961, p. 227</ref>
* 1627 – [[Alexander de Rhodes]] goes to [[Vietnam]] where in three years of ministry he baptizes 6,700 converts<ref name=barrettp27/>
* 1628 – [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] established in Rome to train "native clergy" from all over the world
* 1629 – Franciscan missionary [[Alonzo Benavides]] founds Santa Clara de Capo on the border of [[Apache]] Indian country in what is now [[New Mexico]]
* 1630 – An attempt is made in the [[El Paso, Texas]] area to establish a mission among the Mansos Indians
* 1631 – Dutch clergyman [[Abraham Rogerius]] (anglicized as Roger), who authored ''Open Door to the Secrets of Heathendom'' (1651), begins 10 years of ministry among the [[Tamil people]] in the Dutch colony of [[Pulicat]] near Madras, India<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 277</ref>
* 1632 – [[Zuni people|Zuni]] Indians murder a group of [[Franciscans|Franciscan]] missionaries who had three years earlier established the first mission to the Zunis at Hawikuh in what is now [[New Mexico]]
* 1633 – Emperor [[Fasilides of Ethiopia|Fasilides]] expels the [[Jesuit]] missionaries in [[Ethiopia]]; the German [[Lutheran]] Church sends [[Peter Heyling]] as the first [[Protestantism|Protestant]] missionary to Ethiopia.<ref>Henze, p. 99</ref>
* 1634 – Jesuit missionary Jean de Brèbeuf travels to the [[Wyandot people|Petun nation]] (in Canada) and baptizes a 40-year-old man.
* 1635 – An expedition of Franciscans leaves [[Quito]], [[Ecuador]], to try to penetrate into [[Amazon basin|Amazonia]] from the west. Though most of them will be killed along the way, a few will manage to arrive two years later on the Atlantic coast.
* 1636 – The [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] of [[Manila]] (the Philippines) organize a missionary expedition to Japan. They are arrested on one of the [[Okinawa Prefecture|Okinawa islands]] and will be eventually condemned to death by the tribunal of [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]].
* 1637 – When [[smallpox]] kills thousands of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], tribal [[medicine man|medicine men]] blame European missionaries for the disaster
* 1638 – Official ban of Christianity in Japan with death penalty; ''The Fountain Opened'', a posthumous work of the influential [[Puritan]] writer [[Richard Sibbes]] is published, in which he says that the gospel must continue its journey "til it have gone over the whole world."
* 1639 – The first women to [[New France]] as missionaries—three [[Ursulines|Ursuline]] Nuns—board the "St. Joseph" and set sail for [[New France]]
{{See also|Modern history of Christianity#Age of Enlightenment (1640–1740)}}
* 1640 – Jesuit missionaries arrive on the [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean]] island of [[Martinique]]; Jesuit [[Lodovico Buglio]] [[Catholic Church in Sichuan|arrives in Sichuan]]
* 1641 – Jesuit missionary Cristoval de Acuna describes the [[Amazon River]] in a written report to the king of Spain
* 1642 – Catholic missionaries [[Isaac Jogues]] and [[Rene Goupil]] are captured by [[Mohawk Nation|Mohawk Indians]] as they return to Huron country from [[Quebec]]. Goupil was tomahawked to death while Jogues will be held for a period of time as a slave. He used his slavery as an opportunity for missionary work<ref name="Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 176">Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 176</ref>
* 1643 – [[John Campanius]], [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] missionary to the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]], arrives in America on the [[Delaware River]]; Reformed pastor [[Johannes Megapolensis]] begins outreach to [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] while pastoring at [[Albany, New York]]
* 1644 – [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]] begins ministry to [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] Indians in North America{{sfn|Tucker|2004|p=75}}
* 1645 – After thirty years of work in [[Vietnam]], the Jesuits are expelled from that country
* 1646 – After being accused of being a sorcerer, Jesuit missionary [[Isaac Jogues]] is killed by the [[Iroquois]]<ref name="Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 176"/>
* 1647 – The Discalced [[Carmelites]] begin work on [[Madagascar]]<ref name="ewtn.com"/>
* 1648 – [[Baptism]] of Helena and other members of the [[Ming dynasty|imperial Ming family]]
* 1649 – [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel In New England]] formed to reach the Indians of [[New England]]<ref name=kanep82>Kane, p. 82</ref>
* 1650 – The destruction of Huronia by the [[Iroquois]] puts an end to the Jesuits' dream of making the [[Wyandot people|Huron Indians]] the focal point of their [[evangelism]]
* 1651 – Count Truchsess of Wetzhausen, prominent [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] layman, asks the theological faculty of [[Wittenberg]] why Lutherans are not sending out missionaries in obedience to the [[Great Commission]]<ref>Olson, p. 115</ref>
* 1652 – Jesuit Antonio Vieira returns to [[Brazil]] as a missionary where he will champion the cause of exploited [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous peoples]] until being expelled by Portuguese colonists<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 164</ref>
* 1653 – A [[Mohawk Nation|Mohawk]] war party captures Jesuit [[Joseph Poncet]] near [[Montreal]]. He is tortured and will be finally sent back with a message about peace overtures
* 1654 – John Eliot publishes a [[catechism]] for [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]]{{sfn|Tucker|2004|p=78}}
* 1655 – Jinga or Zinga, princess of [[Matamba]] in [[Angola]] is converted;<ref name=kanep69/> later she will write to the [[Pope]] urging that more missionaries be sent
* 1656 – First [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] missionaries arrive in what is now [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
* 1657 – [[Thomas Mayhew]], Jr., is lost at sea during a voyage to England that was to combine an appeal for missionary funds with personal business
* 1658 – After the flight of the [[French people|French]] missionaries from his area, chief [[Daniel Garakonthie]] of the [[Onondaga (tribe)|Onondaga]] Indians, examines the customs of the French colonists and the doctrines of the missionaries and openly begins protecting Christians in his part of what is now New York
* 1659 – Jesuit [[Alexander de Rhodes]] establishes the [[Paris Foreign Missions Society]]
* 1660 – Christianity is introduced into [[Cambodia]]
* 1661 – [[George Fox]], founder of the [[Religious Society of Friends]] (Quakers) sends 3 missionaries to China (although they never reached the field)<ref name="kanep76"/>
* 1662 – French Jesuit missionary [[Julien Garnier]] sails for Canada
* 1663 – John Eliot's [[Bible translations|translation of the Bible]] into one of the [[Algonquian languages]] is published (the New Testament came out two years earlier). This Bible was the first complete Bible to be printed in the [[New World]]<ref>Glover, p. 55</ref>
* 1664 – [[Justinian von Welz]]<ref>[[:de:Justinian von Welz]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=February 2025}} authors three powerful pamphlets on the need for world missions; he will go to Dutch Guinea (now called [[Surinam (Dutch colony)|Surinam]]) where he will die after only three months<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ciu.edu/seminary/resources/articles/missions/from_luther_to_carey_pietism.php |title=From Luther To Carey: Pietism And |work=Ciu.edu |date=2002-11-01 |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516081847/http://www.ciu.edu/seminary/resources/articles/missions/from_luther_to_carey_pietism.php |archive-date=May 16, 2008 }}</ref>
* 1665 – Japanese feudal landholders (called ''[[daimyō]]s'') were ordered to follow the shogunate's example and to appoint inquisitors to do a yearly scutiny of Christians
* 1666 – John Eliot publishes his ''The Indian Grammar'', a book written to assist in conversion work among the [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]]. Described as "some bones and ribs preparation for such a work", Eliot intended his ''Grammar'' for missionaries wishing to learn the dialect spoken by the [[Massachusett]] Indians.
* 1667 – The first missionary to attempt to reach the [[Huaorani]] (or Aucas), Jesuit Pedro Suarez, is slain with spears<ref>Elliot, Elisabeth. ''Through Gates of Splendor'', Tyndale House Publishers, 1986, p. 15</ref>
* 1668 – New Testament translated into the [[Malay language]] (the first [[Bible translations|Bible translation]] into a language of [[southeast Asia]]). - In a letter from his post in Canada, [[French people|French]] missionary Jacques Bruyas laments his ignorance of the [[Oneida tribe|Oneida]] language: "What can a man do who does not understand their language, and who is not understood when he speaks. As yet, I do nothing but stammer; nevertheless, in four months I have baptized 60 persons, among whom there are only four adults, baptized in ''periculo mortis''. All the rest are little children."
* 1669 – Eager to compete with the Jesuits for conversion of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian Nations]] on the western [[Great Lakes]], [[Society of Saint-Sulpice|Sulpilcian]] missionaries [[François Dollier de Casson]] and [[René Bréhant de Galinée]] set out from [[Montreal]] with twenty-seven men in seven [[canoe]]s led by two canoes of [[Seneca nation|Seneca Indians]]
* 1670 – Jesuits establish missions on the [[Orinoco]] River in [[Venezuela]]
* 1671 – [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] missionaries arrive in [[the Carolinas]]
* 1672 – A chieftain on [[Guam]] kills Jesuit missionary [[San Vitores|Diego Luis de San Vitores]] and his Visayan assistant, [[Pedro Calungsod]], for having baptized the chief's daughter without his permission (some accounts do say the girl's mother consented to the [[baptism]])
* 1673 – [[French people|French]] trader [[Louis Jolliet]] and missionary [[Jacques Marquette]] visit what is now the state of [[Illinois]], where the latter establishes a mission for Native Americans<ref>Herbermann, p. 388</ref>
* 1674 – [[Society of Saint Vincent de Paul|Vincentian]] mission to [[Madagascar]] collapses after 25 years of abortive effort<ref>Gow, Bonar. ''Madagascar and the Protestant Impact: The Work of the British Missions, 1818-95'', Dalhousie University Press, 1979, p. 2.</ref>
* 1675 – An uprising on the islands of [[Micronesia]] leads to the death of three Christian missionaries
* 1676 – [[Kateri Tekakwitha]], who became known as the Lily of the [[Mohawk nation|Mohawks]], is [[baptism|baptized]] by a Jesuit missionary. She, along with many other Native Americans, joins a missionary settlement in Canada where a syncretistic blend of ascetic indigenous and Catholic beliefs evolves.
* 1678 – French missionaries Jean La Salle and [[Louis Hennepin]] discover [[Niagara Falls]]
* 1679 – Writing from [[Changzhou]], newly arrived missionary Juan de Yrigoyen describes three Christian congregations flourishing in that Chinese city<ref>[http://www.pacificrim.usfca.edu/research/pacrimreport/pacrimreport17.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626131105/http://www.pacificrim.usfca.edu/research/pacrimreport/pacrimreport17.html|date=June 26, 2010}}</ref>
* 1680 – The [[Pueblo Revolt]] begins in [[New Mexico]] with the killing of twenty-one Franciscan missionaries
* 1681 – After arriving in [[New Spain]], Italian Jesuit [[Eusebio Kino]] soon becomes what one writer described as "the most picturesque missionary pioneer of all North America." A bundle of evangelistic zeal, Kino was also an explorer, astronomer, cartographer, mission builder, ranchman, cattle king, and defender of the frontier<ref>Anderson, p. 367</ref>
* 1682 – 13 missionaries go to "remote cities" in East [[Siberia]]
* 1683 – Missionary [[Louis Hennepin]] returns to France after exploring [[Minnesota]] and being held captive by the [[Sioux|Dakota]] to write the first book about Minnesota, ''Description de la Louisiane''
* 1684 – [[Louis XIV of France]] sends Jesuit missionaries to China bearing gifts from the collections of the [[Louvre]] and the [[Palace of Versailles]]
* 1685 – Consecration of first [[Roman Catholic church|Catholic]] bishop of Chinese origin
* 1686 – [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] monks arrive in China as missionaries
* 1687 – St [[Joseph Vaz]] arrives in Sri Lanka where he revives Catholicism after persecution from the Dutch
* 1687 – [[French people|French]] activity begins in what is now [[Ivory Coast]] when missionaries land at [[Assinie]]
* 1689 – [[Calusa]] Indian chief from what is the state of [[Florida]] visits [[Cuba]] to discuss idea of having missionaries come to his people<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/rrc/online.htm |title=Welcome to the Randell Research Center in Pineland, Florida |work=Flmnh.ufl.edu |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1690 – First Franciscan missionaries arrive in [[Texas]]
* 1691 – Christian Faith Society for the West Indies was organized with a focus on evangelizing African slaves<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/12/261.htm |title=Lambeth Palace Library: Papers of the Christian Faith Society |publisher=Mundus.ac.uk |date=2002-03-12 |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1692 – Chinese [[Kangxi Emperor]] permits the Jesuits to freely preach Christianity, converting whom they wish
* 1693 – Jesuit missionary [[John de Britto]] is publicly beheaded in India
* 1694 – Missionary and explorer [[Eusebio Kino]] becomes the first European to enter the [[Tucson, Arizona]] basin and create a lasting settlement
* 1695 – China's first [[Russian Orthodox church]] building is consecrated
* 1696 – Jesuit missionary Francois Pinet founds the Mission of the Guardian Angel near what is today Chicago. The mission was abandoned in 1700 when missionary efforts seemed fruitless
* 1697 – To evangelize the [[English colonization of the Americas|English colonies]], [[Thomas Bray]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] preacher who made several missionary trips to North America, begins laying the groundwork for what will be the [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]]<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 189</ref>
* 1698 – [[Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]] organized by [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]]<ref name=kanep82/>
* 1699 – Priests of the Quebec Seminary of Foreign Missions establish a mission among the [[Tamaroa (tribe)|Tamaroa]] Indians at [[Cahokia]] in what is now the state of Illinois

== 1700 to 1799 ==
{{Main|Christianity in the 18th century}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#18th century}}
{{See also|Modern history of Christianity#Revivalism (1720–1906)}}
* 1700 – After a Swedish missionary's sermon in [[Pennsylvania]], one Native American posed such searching questions that the episode was reported in a [[1731 in literature|1731 history]] of the Swedish church in America. The interchange is noted in [[Benjamin Franklin]]'s ''Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America'' (1784).<ref>[http://www2.latech.edu/~bmagee/202/franklin/Savages2.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601163347/http://www2.latech.edu/~bmagee/202/franklin/Savages2.htm|date=June 1, 2009}}</ref>
* 1701 – [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]] officially organized<ref name=kanep82/>
* 1702 – [[George Keith (missionary)|George Keith]], returns to America as a missionary of the newly organized [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]]
* 1703 – The [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]] expands to the West Indies<ref>Herzog, vol. XII, p. 316</ref>
* 1704 – French missionary priests arrive to evangelize the [[Chitimacha]] living along the [[Mississippi River]] in what is now the state of [[Louisiana]]
* 1706 – [[Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg]], German missionary, arrives in [[Tranquebar]]
* 1706 – Irish-born [[Francis Makemie]], who has been an itinerant Presbyterian missionary among the colonists of America since 1683, is finally able to organize the first American presbytery
* 1707 – Italian [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] missionaries reach [[Kathmandu]] in [[Nepal]]. [[Maillard de Tournon]] makes public, in [[Nanjing]], the [[Holy See|Vatican]] decisions on rites, including the stipulations against the veneration of ancestors and of [[Confucius]].
* 1708 – Jesuit missionary [[Giovanni Battista Sidotti]] is arrested in Japan. He is taken to [[Edo]] (now called Tokyo) to be interrogated by [[Arai Hakuseki]]
* 1709 – [[Experience Mayhew]], missionary to the [[Martha's Vineyard]] Indians, translates the [[Psalms]] and the [[Gospel of John]] into the [[Massachusett]] language. It will be a work considered second only to John Eliot's Indian Bible in terms of significant Indian-language translations in colonial [[New England]]
* 1710 – First modern Bible Society founded in Germany by [[Count Canstein]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Clausen Books |url=http://clausenbooks.com/bible1800.htm |title=Eighteenth Century Bibles and Biblical History From 1700-1799 |work=Clausenbooks.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1711 – Jesuit [[Eusebio Kino]], missionary explorer in southern [[Arizona]] and northern Sonora, dies suddenly in northern Mexico. Kino, who has been called "the cowboy missionary", had fought against the exploitation of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]] in Mexican silver mines.
* 1712 – Using a press sent by [[SPCK|The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge]], the [[Danish-Halle Mission|Tranquebar Mission]] in India begins printing books in the [[Portuguese language]]
* 1713 – Jesuit [[Ippolito Desideri]] goes to [[Tibet]] as a missionary
* 1714 – New Testament translated into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (India);<ref>Neill, p. 195</ref> the [[Royal Danish College of Missions]] is organized in [[Copenhagen]]<!--not an educational institution-->
* 1715 – [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] missionary outreach is renewed in [[Manchuria]] and Northern China<ref name="antiochian-orthodox.co.uk"/>
* 1718 – The establishment of the [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio]] is authorized by the [[viceroy]] of Mexico. The mission was to be an educational center for [[North American Indians|Native Americans]] who converted to Christianity.
* 1717 – Chen Mao writes to the Chinese Emperor about his concerns over [[Roman Catholic church|Catholic]] missionaries and Western traders. He urgently requested an all-out prohibition of Catholic missionaries in the [[Qing dynasty|Qing provinces]].
* 1718 – [[Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg]] constructs a church building in India that is still in use today
* 1719 – [[Isaac Watts]] writes missionary [[hymn]] ''Jesus Shall Reign Where'er the Sun''<ref name=kanep83>Kane, p. 83</ref>
* 1720 – Missionary Johann Ernst Gruendler dies in India. He had arrived there in 1709 with the sponsorship of the Danish Mission Society
* 1721 – Mission San Juan Bautista Malibat in [[Baja California]] is abandoned due to the hostility of the Cochimi Indians, as well as to the decimation of the local population by epidemics and a water shortage. Chinese [[Kangxi Emperor]] bans Christian missionaries as a result of the [[Chinese Rites controversy]]. [[Hans Egede]] goes to [[Greenland]] under the dual auspices of the Royal Mission College and the [[Bergen Company]].
* 1723 – Robert Millar publishes ''A History of the Propagation of Christianity and the Overthrow of Paganism'' advocating prayer as the primary means of converting non-Christians<ref name=kanep83/>
* 1724 – [[Yongzheng Emperor]] bans missionary activities outside the Beijing area
* 1725 – [[Knud Leem]] arrives as a missionary to the [[Sami people]] of [[Finnmark]] (Norwegian Arctic)
* 1726 – John Wright, a [[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] missionary to the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], settles in southeastern [[Pennsylvania]]
* 1728 – [[Institutum Judaicum]] founded in [[Halle (Saale)|Halle]] as first [[Protestantism|Protestant]] mission center for Jewish evangelism<ref>Herzog, vol. IX, p. 65</ref>
* 1729 – [[Roman Catholic church|Roman Catholic]] missionary Du Poisson becomes the first victim in the [[Natchez revolt]]. On his way to [[New Orleans]], he had been asked to stop and say Mass at the [[Natchez, Mississippi|Natchez]] post. He was killed in front of the altar.
* 1730 – Lombard, French missionary, founds a Christian village with over 600 Indians at the mouth of Kuru river in [[French Guiana]]. A Jesuit, Lombard has been called the most successful of all missionaries in converting the Indians of French Guiana
* 1731 – A missionary movement is born when Count [[Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf]] attends the coronation of King [[Christian VI of Denmark]] and witnesses two of Egede's [[Kalaallit people|Inuit]] converts. Over the next two years, his [[Moravian Church]] at [[Herrnhut]] will begin its missionary outreach with work among the slaves in the Caribbean and the Inuit in Greenland.<ref>Glover, p. 52</ref>
* 1732 – [[Alphonsus Liguori]] founds the [[Roman Catholic]] [[religious institute]] known as the [[Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer|Redemptorist Fathers]] with the purpose of doing missionary work among rural people<ref>Glazier, p. 689</ref>
* 1733 – Moravians establish their first [[Moravian missions in Greenland|mission in Greenland]]<ref name=kanep79>Kane, p. 79</ref>
* 1734 – A missionary convinces a [[Groton, Connecticut]] church to lend its building to the [[Mashantucket Pequot Tribe]] for Christian worship services.
* 1735 – [[John Wesley]] goes to Indians in Georgia as missionary with the [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]]<ref>Moreau, p. 913</ref>
* 1736 – Anti-Christian edicts in China; Moravian missionaries at work among [[Nenets people]] of [[Arkhangelsk]]
* 1737 – Rev. Pugh, a missionary in Pennsylvania with The [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]] begins ministering to blacks. He noted that the masters of the slaves were prejudiced against them becoming Christian.
* 1738 – Moravian missionary George Schmidt settles in Baviaan Kloof (Valley of the Baboons) in the Riviersonderend valley of South Africa. He begins working with the [[Khoikhoi]] people, who were practically on the threshold of extinction.
* 1739 – The first missionary to the [[Mahican]] (Mohegan) Indians, John Sergeant, builds a home in [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]] that is today a museum.
* 1740 – Moravian [[David Zeisberger]] starts work among [[Creek people]] of Georgia<ref>Thwaites, Reuben Gold. ''The Revolution on the Upper Ohio, 1775-1777: Compiled from the Draper Manuscripts in the Library of the Wisconsin Historical Society''. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002, p. 45.</ref>
* 1740 – [[Johann Phillip Fabricius]], missionary, arrives [[in South India]]
* 1741 – Dutch missionaries start building Christ Church building in [[Malacca Town]], [[Malaysia]]. It will take 12 years to complete.
* 1742 – Moravian Leader Count [[Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf|Zinzendorf]] visits [[Shekomeko, New York]] and baptizes six Indians
* 1743 – [[David Brainerd]] starts ministry to [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|North American Indians]]<ref name="Tucker, 2004, p. 55"/>
* 1744 – Thomas Thompson resigns his position as dean at the [[University of Cambridge]] to become a missionary. He was sent by the [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]] to [[New Jersey]]. Taking a special interest in the slave population there, he would later request to begin mission work in Africa. In 1751, Thompson would become the first S.P.G. missionary to the Gold Coast (modern-day [[Ghana]])
* 1745 – [[David Brainerd]],  after preaching to Native Americans in December, wrote about the response: "They soon came in, one after another; with tears in their eyes, to know, what they should do to be saved. . . . It was an amazing season of power among them, and seemed as if God had bowed the heavens and come down ... and that God was about to convert the whole world."
* 1746 – From Boston a call is issued to the Christians of the [[New World]] to enter into a seven-year "Concert of Prayer" for missionary work<ref name=kanep84>Kane, p. 84</ref>
* 1747 – [[Jonathan Edwards (theology)|Jonathan Edwards]] appeals for prayer for world missions
* 1748 – Roman Catholic [[Pedro Sanz (missionary)|Pedro Sanz]] and four other missionaries are executed, together with 14 Chinese Christians. Prior to his death, Sanz reportedly converted some of his prison guards to Christianity.
* 1749 – Spanish Franciscan priest [[Junípero Serra]] (1713-1784 arrives in Mexico as a missionary. In 1767 he would go north to what is now [[California]], zealously building missions and converting Native Americans.
* 1750 – Jonathan Edwards, preacher of the [[First Great Awakening]], having been banished from his church at [[Northampton, Massachusetts]] goes as a missionary to the nearby [[Housatonic River|Housatonic]] Indians.<ref>Anderson, p. 195</ref> [[Christian Frederic Schwartz]] goes to India with Danish-Halle Mission<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. III, p. 280</ref>
* 1751 – Samuel Cooke arrives in New Jersey as a missionary for the SPGFP
* 1752 – Thomas Thompson, first Anglican missionary to Africa, arrives in the Gold Coast (now [[Ghana]])<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. V, p. 446</ref>
* 1753 – The disappearance of Erhardt and six companions leads to temporary abandonment of Moravian missionary initiatives in [[Labrador]].
* 1754 – Moravian John Ettwein arrives in America from Germany as a missionary. Preaching to Native Americans and establishing missions, Ettwein will travel as far south as Georgia.
* 1755 – The [[Moravian church|Moravian]] mission settlement at [[Gnadenhütten, Pennsylvania]] is attacked and destroyed during the [[Gnadenhütten massacre (Pennsylvania)|Gnadenhütten massacre]]. Moravian missionary [[Johann Jacob Schmick]] remains with the Mahicans through exile and captivity despite almost constant threats from white neighbors. Schmick will join his [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indian]] congregation as they seek refuge in Bethlehem, follow them as captives to Philadelphia, and remain with them after they settle in [[Wyalusing, Pennsylvania]].
* 1756 – Civil unrest forces [[Gideon Halley]] away from his missionary work among the [[Iroquois|Six Nations]] on the [[Susquehanna River]] where he has been working for four years under the supervision of Jonathan Edwards with an appointment from the Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Indians.
* 1757 – Lutherans begin ministering to Blacks in the [[Caribbean]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~caribgw/tips.html |title=CaribbeanGenWeb |work=Rootsweb.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1758 – [[John Wesley]] baptizes two slaves, thus breaking the skin color barrier for Methodist societies<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcah.org/UMC_timeline.htm |title=United Methodist Church Timeline |work=GCAH.org |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703221059/http://www.gcah.org/UMC_timeline.htm |archive-date=2008-07-03 }}</ref>
* 1759 – Native American Samson Occom, direct descendant of the great [[Mahican]] chief Uncas, is ordained by the Presbyterians. Occom became the first American Indian to publish works in English. These included sermons, hymns and a short autobiography.<ref>Herzog, vol. VIII, p. 220</ref>
* 1760 – Adam Voelker and Christian Butler arrive in [[Tranquebar]] as the first [[Moravian Church|Moravian]] missionaries to India
* 1760 – Methodists first reach the West Indies.<ref>Latourette, 1941, 3:234</ref>
* 1761 – The first Moravian missionary in Ohio, Frederick Post, settles on the north side of the Muskingum.<ref>Latourette, 1941, 3:223</ref>
* 1762 – Moravian Missionary [[John Heckewelder]] confers with Koquethagacton ("White Eyes") at the mouth of the [[Beaver River (Pennsylvania)]]
* 1763 – The Presbyterian Synod of New York orders that a collection for missions be taken. In 1767 the Synod asks that this collection be done annually.
* 1764 – The Moravians make a decision to expand and begin publicizing their missionary activity, particularly in the British colonies; Moravian Jens Haven makes the first of three exploratory missionary journeys to [[Greenland]]<ref>Latourette, 1941, 3:238</ref>
* 1765 – [[Suriname]] Governor General Crommelin convinces three Moravian missionaries to work near the head waters of the Gran Rio. They settle among the [[Saramaka]] near the Senthea Creek in Granman Abini's village where they are received with mixed feelings.
* 1766 – Philip Quaque, a Fetu youth from the Cape Coast area of [[Ghana]] who spent twelve years studying in England, returns to Africa. Supported as a missionary by the [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]], Quaque is first non-European ordained priest in the Church of England
* 1767 – Spain expels the Jesuits from Spanish colonies in the New World
* 1768 – Five United Brethren missionaries from Germany, invited by the Danish Guinea Company, arrive in the Gold Coast (now Ghana), to teach in the Cape Coast Castle schools
* 1769 – [[Junípero Serra]] founds [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]], first of the 21 [[Spanish Missions of California|Alta California missions]]<ref>Herbermann, p. 370</ref>
* 1770 – John Marrant, a free black from New York City, begins ministering cross-culturally, preaching to the American Indians. By 1775 he had carried the gospel to the [[Cherokee]] and [[Creek people|Creek]] Indians as well as to groups he called the Catawar and Housaw peoples.<ref name="Gailey, p. 82">Gailey, p. 82</ref>
* 1771 – Methodist [[Francis Asbury]] arrives in America; David Avery is ordained as missionary to the [[Oneida tribe]]<ref>[http://www.newenglandancestors.org/research/database/msc/default.asp?f=RESEARCH%5CDATABASE%5CMSC%5CCONTENT%5CDAVID%20AVERY.HTM] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208180248/http://www.newenglandancestors.org/research/database/msc/default.asp?f=RESEARCH%5CDATABASE%5CMSC%5CCONTENT%5CDAVID%20AVERY.HTM|date=February 8, 2012}}</ref>
* 1772 – After visiting Scilly Cove in [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], Canada, missionary James Balfour describes it as a "most Barbarous Lawless Place"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ca.geocities.com/bwhiffen@nl.rogers.com/Herb_Ethel.htm |title=The Family History of Herb and Ethel Ellis |access-date=1 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027003130/http://ca.geocities.com/bwhiffen@nl.rogers.com/Herb_Ethel.htm |archive-date=27 October 2009 }}{{rs|date=June 2023}}</ref>
* 1773 – [[Pope Clement XIV]] dissolves the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit Order]];<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. IV, p. 27</ref> two [[Dominican order]] missionaries beheaded in [[Vietnam]]
* 1775 – John Crook is sent by Liverpool Methodists to the [[Isle of Man]]
* 1776 – Cyril Vasilyevich Suchanov builds first church among [[Evenks]] of [[Transbaikal]] (or Dauria) in (Siberia); The first baptism of an [[Eskimo]] by a Lutheran pastor takes place in Labrador.
* 1777 – Portuguese missionaries build a church at Hashnabad, [[Bangladesh]]
* 1778 – Theodore Sladich is martyred while doing missionary work to counter Islamic influence in the western [[Balkans]]
* 1780 – August Gottlieb Spangenberg writes ''An Account of the Manner in Which the Protestant Church of the Unitas Fratrum, or United Brethren, Preach the Gospel, and Carry On Their Missions Among the Heathen''. Originally written in German, the book will be translated into English in 1788.
* 1781 – In the midst of the [[American Revolutionary War]], the British so feared Moravian missionary [[David Zeisberger]] and his influence among the [[Lenape]] (also called Delaware) and other Native Americans that they arrested him and his assistant, John Heckewelder, charging them with treason
* 1782 – Freed slave [[George Lisle (Baptist)|George Lisle]] goes to [[Jamaica]] as missionary<ref>Olson, p. 141</ref>
* 1783 – Moses Baker and George Gibbions, both former slaves, leave the U.S. to become missionaries in the West Indies
* 1784 – First Christians reported in [[Korea]]; [[Yi Seung-hun]] back home in Korea after being baptized in China
* 1784 – [[Thomas Coke (Methodist)]] submits his Plan for the Society for the Establishment of Missions Among the Heathen. Methodist missions among the "heathen" will begin in 1786 when Coke, destined for [[Nova Scotia]], is driven off course by a storm and lands at [[Antigua]] in the [[British West Indies]].<ref>Gailey, p. 46</ref>
* 1785 – Joseph White's sermon titled "On the Duty of Attempting the Propagation of the Gospel among our [[Mohammedan|Mahometan]] and [[Gentoo (term)|Gentoo]] Subjects in India" is published in the second edition of his book ''Sermons Containing a View of Christianity and Mahometanism, in their History, their Evidence, and their Effects''. The sermon was first preached at the [[University of Oxford]].
* 1786 – [[John Marrant]], a free black from New York City, writes in his journal that he preached to "a great number of Indians and white people" at [[Green's Harbor, Newfoundland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blackloyalist.com/canadiandigitalcollection/documents/diaries/journal/3-13.htm |title=John Marrant's Journal – 3-13 |work=Blackloyalist.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724121925/http://www.blackloyalist.com/canadiandigitalcollection/documents/diaries/journal/3-13.htm |archive-date=2011-07-24 }}</ref> Marrant's cross-cultural ministry led him to take the Gospel to the [[Cherokee]], [[Creek (people)|Creek]], [[Catawba (tribe)|Catawba]] (he called them the Catawar, and [[Housaw]] Indians).
* 1787 – [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] is ordained in England by the [[Strict Baptist|Particular Baptists]] and soon begins to urge that worldwide missions be undertaken.
* 1788 – Dutch missionaries begin preaching the Gospel among fishermen in [[Bangladesh]]
* 1788 – [[Richard Johnson (chaplain)|Rev Richard Johnson]] the first Christian cleric in Australia
* 1789 – The Jesuits establish [[Georgetown University]] as the first US Catholic college<ref>Herbermann, p. 230</ref>
* 1790 – Prince Williams, a freed slave from South Carolina, goes to [[Nassau, Bahamas]], where he will start Bethel Meeting House<ref name="Gailey, p. 82"/>
* 1791 – One hundred and twenty Korean Christians are tortured and killed for their faith. It began when Paul Yun Ji-Chung, a noble who had become a Christian, decided not to bury his mother according to traditional Confucian custom.
* 1792 – [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]] writes ''An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to use means for the conversion of the heathen'' and forms the [[Baptist Missionary Society]] to support him in establishing missionary work in India<ref name=kanep85>Kane, p. 85</ref>
* 1793 – [[Stephen Badin]] ordained in U.S. Although much of Badin's ministry was pastoral work among his own countrymen, he did some outreach among the [[Potawatomi]] Indians<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.earlychicago.com/encyclopedia.php?letter=b |title=EarlyChicagoHOME |work=Earlychicago.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-date=2011-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104194730/http://www.earlychicago.com/encyclopedia.php?letter=B |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1794 – Eight [[Russian Orthodox church|Russian Orthodox]] missionaries arrive on Kodiak Island in Alaska. Within a few months several thousand people have been baptized<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. IV, p. 311</ref>
* 1794 – Roman Catholic missionary Zhou Wenmo enters Korea
* 1795 – Roman Catholic missionary Zhou Wenmo celebrates the first mass in Korea at Easter
* 1795 – The [[London Missionary Society]] is formed to send missionaries to [[Tahiti]]<ref name=kanep86>Kane, p. 86</ref>
* 1796 – Scottish and Glasgow Missionary Societies established;<ref name=kanep86/> In India, Johann Philipp Fabricius' translation of the Bible into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is revised and published<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baldaeus.com/html/0065.html |title=Baldaeus Theological College – Articles – Arumuka Navalar |work=Baldaeus.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1797 – Netherlands Missionary Society formed;<ref name=kanep86/><ref name=kanep80>Kane, p. 80</ref> The Duff, carrying 36 lay and pastoral missionaries, sails to three islands of the South Pacific;<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. V, pp. 202-203</ref> The first Christian missionary (from the [[London Missionary Society]]) visits Hiva on the Pacific island of [[Tahuata]]; he is not well received.
* 1798 – The Missionary Society of Connecticut is organized by the Congregationalists to take the gospel to the "heathen lands" of Vermont and Ohio. Its missionaries evangelized both European settlers and Native Americans.<ref>Olson, p. 235</ref>
* 1799 – The [[Church Missionary Society]]is formed by the [[Clapham Sect]] in South London, England;<ref name=kanep86/> [[John Vanderkemp]], Dutch physician goes to [[British Cape Colony|Cape Colony]], Africa<ref>Glover, p. 256</ref>

== 1800 to 1849 ==
{{Main|Christianity in the 19th century}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#19th century}}
* 1800 – [[New York Missionary Society]] formed; Johann Janicke founds a school in Berlin to train young people for missionary service.<ref name="Latourette, 1941, vol. IV, p. 90">Latourette, 1941, vol. IV, p. 90</ref>
* 1800 – Irish priests including [[James Dixon (priest)|Fr James Dixon]] arrive in Australia as convicts.
* 1801 – [[Johannes van der Kemp|John Theodosius van der Kemp]] moves to [[Graaff Reinet]] to minister to the [[Khoikhoi]] (Hottentots) people. Earlier he had helped found the [[Netherlands Missionary Society]]. In 1798, he had gone to South Africa to work as a missionary among the [[Xhosa people|Xhosa]].
* 1802 – [[Henry Martyn]] hears Charles Simeon speak of [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]]'s work in India and resolves to become a missionary himself. He will sail for India in 1805.<ref>Smith, George. ''The life of William Carey, D.D.'', Project Gutenberg, 1885, p. 340</ref>
* 1803 – The Massachusetts Baptist Missionary Society votes to publish a missionary magazine. Now known as ''The American Baptist'', the periodical is the oldest religious magazine in the U.S.
* 1804 – [[British and Foreign Bible Society]] formed;<ref name=kanep95>Kane, p. 95</ref> [[Church Missionary Society]] enters Sierra Leone, sending 4 German Lutherans.<ref name="CMSatlafrica">{{cite web|title= The Church Missionary Atlas (Christianity in Africa)|pages=  23–64|date= 1896| url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_Atlas_01|access-date=19 October 2015 | publisher = [[Adam Matthew Digital]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>Neill, p. 259</ref>
* 1805 – The first Christian missionaries arrive in [[Namibia]], brothers Abraham and Christian Albrecht from the [[London Missionary Society]].<ref name=barrettp28>Barrett, p. 28</ref>
* 1806 – [[Haystack Prayer Meeting]] at [[Williams College]]; [[Andover Theological Seminary]] founded as a missionary training center; [[Protestantism|Protestant]] missionary work begins in earnest across southern Africa.<ref name=kanep87>Kane, p. 87</ref>
* 1807 – [[Robert Morrison (missionary)|Robert Morrison]], of the [[London Missionary Society]] established a mission in [[Guangzhou]] (Canton) in China.<ref name="CMSatlasHchina">{{cite web|title= The Church Missionary Atlas (China)|pages= 179–196|date= 1896| url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_Atlas_01|access-date=19 October 2015 | publisher = [[Adam Matthew Digital]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* 1809 – The [[Church's Ministry Among Jewish People|Church's Ministry among Jewish People]] is established by Joseph Frey, William Wilberforce, and Lewis Way. 
* 1810 – The [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]] (ABCFM) is established.
* 1811 – English [[Methodism|Wesleyans]] enter [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>Glover, p. 263</ref>
* 1812 – First ABCFM foreign missionaries, [[Adoniram Judson]] and [[Luther Rice]], arrive in [[Serampore]], with Judson soon going to [[Burma]].<ref>Tucker, p. 132{{verify source|date=August 2013}}</ref>
* 1813 – The [[Methodist]]s form the Wesleyan Missionary Society.
* 1814 –  First recorded baptism of a mainland Chinese Protestant convert, [[Cai Gao]];<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/c/cai-gao.php | title=Cai Gao: C: By Person: Stories: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity | access-date=July 22, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001122228/http://www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/c/cai-gao.php | archive-date=2012-10-01 }}</ref> American Baptist Foreign Mission Society formed;<ref name=kanep86/><ref name=kanep88>Kane, p. 88</ref> Netherlands Bible Society founded<ref name=kanep95/> [[Samuel Marsden]]  officiated at the first service on Christmas Day to begin the [[New Zealand Church Missionary Society|Church Missionary Society]] work in [[New Zealand]].<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. V, p. 179</ref><ref name="CMSatlasNZ">{{cite web|title= The Church Missionary Atlas (New Zealand)|pages= 210–219|date= 1896| url= http://www.churchmissionarysociety.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/CMS_OX_Atlas_01|access-date=19 October 2015 | publisher = [[Adam Matthew Digital]] |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* 1815 – Congregationalist minister [[Cyrus Kingsbury]] first served Cherokee in the Southeast, founding [[Brainerd Mission]] near Chickamauga, Tennessee, in 1815.<ref name="EOHC-CK">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=KI014 Mize, Richard. "Kingsbury, Cyrus (1786 - 1870)." ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture''.] Accessed March 9, 2018.</ref> 
* 1815 – [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]] open work on [[Ceylon]], modern-day Sri Lanka through [[American Ceylon Mission]];<ref>Glover, p. 96</ref> [[Basel Mission|Basel Missionary Society]] organized; Richmond African Missionary Society founded
* 1816 – [[Robert Moffat (missionary)|Robert Moffat]] arrives in Africa;<ref>Olson, p. 140</ref> [[American Bible Society]] founded;<ref name=kanep95/> [[Charlotte White]], a Baptist, arrives in India, the first single American woman to become a missionary.<ref>White, Ann "Counting the Cost of Faith: America's Early Female Missionaries" ''Church History'', Vol 57, No. 1 (Mar 1988), p. 22; Brackney, William H ''The A to Z of Baptists'' Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2009, p. 605</ref> 
* 1816 – Barnabas Shaw opens the first Wesleyan mission in South Africa: Liliefontein, in the Khamiesberg Mountains (Namaqualand), among the Khoisan peoples in the northern Cape Colony.
* 1817 – [[James Thompson (missionary)|James Thompson]], agent for British and Foreign Bible Society, begins distributing Bibles throughout [[Latin America]].<ref>Olson, p. 283</ref>
* 1818 – Missionary work begins in [[Madagascar]] with the reluctant approval of the king.<ref>Glover, p. 306</ref>
* 1819 – [[John Scudder, Sr.]], missionary physician, joins the [[American Ceylon Mission]];<ref>Glover, p. 73</ref> Wesleyan Methodists start work in [[Madras]], India;<ref>Anderson, p. 610</ref> [[Reginald Heber]] writes words to missionary classic "From Greenland's Icy Mountains".<ref>Jones, Francis A. ''Famous Hymns and Their Authors'', Hodder and Stoughton, 1903, pp. 200-203</ref> [[Alfred Wright (missionary)|Alfred Wright]] (1788-1853) becomes a Presbyterian missionary to Choctaw Nation.
* 1820 – [[Cyrus Kingsbury]] is sent in 1820 to establish Mayhew Mission in Choctaw Nation (present-day U.S. State of [[Mississippi]].<ref name="EOHC-CK"/>
* 1820 – [[Hiram Bingham I|Hiram Bingham]] goes to Hawaii ([[Hawaiian Islands|Sandwich Islands]]).<ref>Anderson, p. 63</ref>
* 1821 – [[African-American]] Lott Carey, a [[Baptist]] missionary, sails with 28 colleagues from [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] to [[Sierra Leone]];<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. V, p. 450</ref> [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Protestant Episcopal Church]] mission board established.<ref name=kanep88/>
* 1821 – [[Dwight Presbyterian Mission]] established in August by [[Cephas Washburn]] near present-day [[Russellville, Arkansas]] to minister to the Cherokees then living in Arkansas Territory.<ref>Everett, Dianna. "Dwight Mission." ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''.</ref>
* 1822 –  African American Betsy Stockton is sent by the American Board of Missions to Hawaii. She thus becomes the first single woman missionary appointed by the American Board.<ref>Anderson, p. 643</ref>
* 1823 – [[Scottish Missionary Society]] workers arrive in [[Bombay]], India;<ref>Glover, p. 74</ref> Liang Fa, first Chinese [[Protestantism|Protestant]] evangelist, is ordained by [[Robert Morrison (missionary)|Robert Morrison]]; Colonial and Continental Church Society formed<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. IV, p. 73</ref>
* 1824 – [[Berlin Missionary Society]] formed.<ref name=kanep80/>
* 1825 – [[George Boardman (missionary)|George Boardman]] goes to [[Burma]].<ref>Anderson, p. 71</ref> Congregationalist missionary [[Samuel Worcester]] sent to Brainerd Mission in [[Tennessee]] as minister to [[Cherokees]].<ref>Langguth, A. J. ''Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War''. New York, Simon & Schuster. 2010. {{ISBN|978-1-4165-4859-1}}.</ref>
* 1826 – [[American Bible Society]] sends first shipment of Bibles to Mexico.
* 1827 – Missionary [[Lancelot Edward Threlkeld]] reports in ''The Monitor'' that he was "advancing rapidly" in his efforts to disseminate [[Holy Scripture]] among [[Indigenous Australians]] of the [[Hunter River (New South Wales)|Hunter]] and [[Shoalhaven River|Shoalhaven]] Rivers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newcastle.edu.au/group/amrhd/awaba/language/linguistics.html |title=Missionaries, Dictionaries & Australian Aborigines, 1820-1850 &#124; Language &#124; Awabakal &#124; AMRHD &#124; The University of Newcastle &#124; Australia |publisher=Newcastle.edu.au |date=2003-01-23 |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1828 – [[Pope Leo XII]] entrusts the mission in Korea to [[Paris Foreign Missions Society]].
* 1828 – Basel Mission begins work in the Christiansborg area of [[Accra]], [[Ghana]];<ref>Neill, p. 260</ref> [[Karl Gützlaff]] of the Netherlands Missionary Society lands in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]];<ref>Glover, p. 117</ref> [[Rhenish Missionary Society]] formed<ref name=kanep80/>
* 1829 – [[George Müller]], a native of [[Prussia]], goes to England as a missionary to the Jews; [[Anthony Norris Groves]], an [[Exeter]] dentist, sets off as a missionary to [[Baghdad]] accompanied by [[John Kitto]].
* 1829 – [[Dwight Presbyterian Mission]] moves to Indian Territory after most Cherokees are expelled from homes in southeastern U. S. states in 1828.
* 1830 – [[Church of Scotland]] missionary [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]] arrives in [[Kolkata]] (formerly Calcutta);<ref>Neill, p. 233</ref> William Swan, missionary to [[Siberia]], writes ''Letters on Missions'', the first [[Protestantism|Protestant]] comprehensive treatment of the theory and practice of missions;<ref>Anderson, p. 652</ref> [[Baptism]] of [[George Tupou I|Tāufaʻāhau I]], King of [[Tonga]], by a western missionary; arrival of [[John Williams (missionary)|John Williams]] of the [[London Missionary Society]] in [[Samoa]], landing in [[Sapapaliʻi]] on [[Savaiʻi]] island. [[Dwight Presbyterian Mission]] reopens near Sallisaw in [[Indian Territory]] to serve Cherokees forced to move west on the Trail of Tears.<ref name="EOHC-Dwight">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=DW001 Dianna Everett,  "Dwight Mission," ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''], Accessed February 21, 2015.</ref>
* 1831 – American [[Congregationalist church|Congregational]] missionaries arrive in [[Thailand]], withdrawing in 1849 without a single convert;<ref name=kanep97>Kane, p. 97</ref> four [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] from beyond the [[Rocky Mountains]] come east to [[St. Louis, Missouri]] seeking information on the "palefaces' religion".<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. IV, p. 307</ref>
* 1832 – Teava, former [[Human cannibalism|cannibal]] and pioneer Pacific Islander missionary, is commissioned by [[John Williams (missionary)|John Williams]] to work on the [[Samoa]]n island of [[Manono Island|Manono]].
* 1832 – Rev. Loring S. Williams established mission station Bethabara and organized the first church in the Choctaw Nation in [[Indian Territory]] (present-day [[Eagletown, Oklahoma|Eagletown]], [[McCurtain County, Oklahoma]]).<ref name="McCurtain">[http://visitmccurtaincounty.com/directory/eagletown/ "Eagletown Choctaw Settlement." McCurtain County, Oklahoma.] Retrieved December 8, 2018.</ref> 
* 1832 – [[Alfred Wright (missionary)|Alfred Wright]], a medically trained Presbyterian minister was sent to Mississippi with his wife, Harriet Bunce to minister in the Choctaw nation. After traveling with a group of Choctaws on their forced emigration to Indian Territory in 1832, they decided to establish a new mission near present-day [[Eagletown, Oklahoma]]. From then until 1846, they built and operated a church and a school to minister to Choctaws living in the surrounding area. Wright named the mission Wheelock, in honor of [[Eleazar Wheelock]], a friend and first president of Dartmouth College. Meanwhile, ignoring his own frail health, Alfred spent as much time as he could translating religious documents from English into the Choctaw language until his death in 1853.<ref name="EOHC-Pittman">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=WR003 Pittman, Kitty. "Wright, Alfred (1788-1853). ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''.] Accessed December 8, 2018.</ref>
* 1833 – Baptist work in [[Thailand]] begins with [[John Taylor Jones]];<ref>Neill, p. 245</ref> the first American [[Methodism|Methodist]] missionary, [[Melville Beveridge Cox]], goes to [[Liberia]] where he dies within four months. His dying appeal was:  "Let a thousand fall before Africa be given up";<ref>Glover, p. 265</ref> [[Free Will Baptist Church|Free Will Baptist Foreign Missionary Society]] begins work in India. [[George Borrow]] arrives in Russia as an agent of the British & Foreign Bible Society.
* 1834 – American Presbyterian Mission opens work in India in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]];<ref>Glover, p. 76</ref> [[Peter Parker (physician)|Peter Parker]] MD, associated with the [[American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions]], first American Medical Missionary to China opens Ophthalmic Hospital at Canton.<ref>Glover, p. 149</ref>
* 1835 – Rev. [[Cyrus Byington]] arrived at Bethabara Mission in 1835. established Stockbridge Mission, and spent 31 years translating both religious and secular materials, using a Choctaw-English dictionary that he had created. Byington also established Stockbridge Mission on the opposite side of the Mountain Fork River from Bethabara.<ref name="EOHC-Eagletown">[http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=EA011 Coleman, Louis. ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''. "Eagletown."] Retrieved December 7, 2018.</ref>
* 1835 – Rhenish Missionary Society begins work among the [[Dayak people|Dayak]]s on [[Borneo]] ([[Indonesia]]);<ref>Glover, p. 129</ref> [[Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta]] calls India's [[caste]] system "a cancer."
* 1835 – [[Barthélemy Bruguière]] sicks and dies in China before he reach Korea. George Borrow arrives in Spain as an agent of the Bible Society.
* 1836 – Pierre Maubant arrives in Korea; [[Paris Foreign Missions Society]] start work in Korea.
* 1836 – [[Plymouth Brethren]] begin work in [[Chennai|Madras]], India;<ref>Glover, p. 75</ref> [[George Müller]] begins his work with orphans in [[Bristol, England|Bristol]], England; Gossner Mission formed;<ref name=kanep80/> Leipzig Mission Society established;<ref name=kanep80/> Colonial Missionary Society formed; The Providence Missionary Baptist District Association is formed, one of at least six national organizations among African American Baptists whose sole objective was missionary work in Africa.
* 1837 – [[Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert]] arrives in Korea.
* 1837 – Evangelical Lutheran Church mission board established;<ref name=kanep89>Kane, p. 89</ref> First [[Bible translations|translation of Bible]] into Japanese (actual translation work done in [[Singapore]]).
* 1838 – [[Church of Scotland]] Mission of Inquiry to the Jews; four Scottish ministers including [[Robert Murray M'Cheyne]] and [[Andrew Bonar]] journey to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]; [[Augustinians]] enter Australia.
* 1839 – Entire Bible is published in language of [[Tahiti]]; three French missionaries martyred in Korea; English Protestant missionaries, including John Williams, murdered on [[Erromango]] (Vanuatu, South Pacific).<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. V, pp. 227, 228</ref>
* 1840 – [[David Livingstone]] is in present-day [[Malawi]] (Africa) with the [[London Missionary Society]]; American Presbyterians enter [[Thailand]] and labor for 18 years before seeing their first Thai convert;<ref name=kanep97/> Irish Presbyterian Missionary Society formed; Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Missionary Society founded.
* 1841 – Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society formed;<ref name=barrettp28/> Welsh Methodists begin working among the [[Khasi people]] of India.
* 1842 – Methodist Missionary, [[Thomas Birch Freeman]] arrives in [[Badagry]], Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatrevivals.com/ |title=Great Revivalist |publisher=Great Revivals |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130043028/http://greatrevivals.com/ |archive-date=2009-01-30 }}</ref><ref>Abi Olowe, 2007, Great Revivals Great Revivalist, Omega Publishers</ref>
* 1842 – Church Missionary Society enters Badagry, Lagos.
* 1842 – Gossner Mission Society receives royal sanction;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chi.lcms.org/history/tih0607.htm |title=Today in History – June 7 |work=Chi.lcms.org |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref> Norwegian Missionary Society formed in [[Stavanger]].<ref name="Latourette, 1941, vol. IV, p. 90"/>
* 1842 – Christian Mission to the Jews (CMJ) establishes Christ Church, first Anglican church in the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|Old City]] of [[Jerusalem]].
* 1843 – Baptist John Taylor Jones translates New Testament into the [[Thai language]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://my.opera.com/tnmccoy/blog/show.dml/1415661 |title=T N McCoy – Keeping Up With the Joneses |work=My.opera.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref> British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews formed.
* 1843 - Presbyterian missionary [[Robert M. Loughridge]] comes to Indian Territory (present-day [[Oklahoma]] as missionary to Creek Indians and establishes [[Koweta Mission]]. In 1850, he establishes [[Tullahassee Mission]]. Both missions were abandoned after the outbreak of the American Civil War.
* 1843 - Twenty-four West Indian Moravians recruited by the Basel Mission and the Danish missionary, [[Andreas Riis]], sail to the Gold Coast, now Ghana to start mission work
* 1844 – German [[Johann Ludwig Krapf|Johann Krapf]] of the [[Church Missionary Society]] begins work in [[Mombasa]] on the Kenya Coast;<ref>Olson, p. 267</ref> first Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) formed by George Williams; [[George Smith (Bishop of Victoria)|George Smith]] and Thomas McClatchie sail for China as the first two [[Church Missionary Society|CMS]] missionaries to that country.
* 1844 [[Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder]], missionary, arrives in Port Natal, South Africa.
* 1845 – [[Southern Baptist Convention]] mission organization founded.<ref name=barrettp28/>
* 1846 – The [[London Missionary Society]] establishes work on [[Niue]], a [[Australasia|South Pacific]] island which westerners had named the "savage island".<ref name=barrettp28/>
* 1847 – Protestant Rhenish Missionary Society begins operations in China.<ref>Gad C. Isay, "Religious Obligation Transformed Into Intercultural Agency: Ernst Faber'S Mission In China." ''Monumenta serica'' 54.1 (2006): 253-267.</ref>
* 1847 – Presbyterian [[William Chalmers Burns|William Burns]] goes to China, translates ''[[The Pilgrim's Progress]]'' into Chinese; [[Moses White]] sails to China as a [[Methodism|Methodist]] medical missionary.
* 1847 – [[John Christian Frederick Heyer]], missionary, arrives in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.
* 1848 – Charles Forman goes to [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]];<ref>{{cite web |title=Forman Family Papers |id=Record Group No. 110 |website=Special Collections, Yale Divinity School Library |url=https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/4/resources/50 |hdl=10079/fa/divinity.110 }}</ref> [[Johannes Rebmann]], German missionary with the [[Church Missionary Society]], arrives at [[Mount Kilimanjaro]].<ref name="CMSatlafrica"/> Initially, the story of a snow-covered peak near the [[equator]] was scoffed at.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00314.html |title=Ludwig Krapf |work=Ntz.info |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1849 – [[Johann Ludwig Krapf|Johann Krapf]] of the [[Church Missionary Society]] was the first European to reach [[Mount Kenya]].<ref name="CMSatlafrica"/> Just weeks after arriving on the [[Melanesia]]n island of [[Anatom]], missionary John Geddie wrote in his journal: "In the darkness, degradation, pollution and misery that surrounds me, I will look forward in the vision of faith to the time when some of these poor islanders will unite in the triumphant song of ransomed souls, 'Unto Him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in His own blood.'"<ref>{{cite web|last=Myers |first=Eugene |url=http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/biogeddie.html |title=John Geddie – Missionary Biographies – Worldwide Missions |work=Wholesomewords.org |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626040826/http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/biogeddie.html |archive-date=2010-06-26 }}</ref>

== 1850 to 1899 ==
* 1850 – On the occasion of [[Karl Gützlaff]]'s visit to Europe, the Berlin Ladies Association for China is established in conjunction with the Berlin Missionary Association for China. Work in China will commence in 1851 with the arrival of Hermandine Neumann in Hong Kong. [[Thomas Valpy French|Rev. Thomas Valpy French]], came to India in 1850, founded [[St. John's College, Agra]], and became first Bishop of [[Lahore]] in 1877.
* 1851 – [[Allen Francis Gardiner|Allen Gardiner]] and six missionary colleagues die of exposure and starvation at [[Patagonia]] on the southern tip of South America because a re-supply ship from England arrives six months late.<ref>Anderson, pp. 235-236</ref>
* 1852 – [[International Service Fellowship|Zenana (women) and Medical Missionary Fellowship]] formed in England to send out single women missionaries<ref name=kanep94>Kane, p. 94</ref>
* 1853- The [[Hermannsburg Missionary Society]], founded in 1849 by [[Louis Harms]], has finished training its first group of young missionaries. They are sent to Africa on a ship (the ''Candace'') which had been built using money entirely from donations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/7589/hmiss_en.html |title=Hermannsburg Mission |access-date=1 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020101532/http://geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/7589/hmiss_en.html |archive-date=20 October 2009 }}{{rs|date=June 2023}}</ref>
* 1854 – New York Missionary Conference, guided by Alexander Duff, ponders the question: "To what extent are we authorized by the Word of God to expect the conversion of the world to Christ?";<ref name=barrettp29>Barrett, p. 29</ref> Henry Venn, secretary of the [[Church Missionary Society]], sets out ideal of self-governing, self-supporting and self-propagating churches; [[Hudson Taylor]] arrives in China<ref>Neill, pp. 221, 282</ref>
* 1855 – [[Henry Bird Steinhauer|Henry Steinhauer]] is ordained as a Canadian [[Methodism|Methodist]] missionary to [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|North American Indians]] and posted to [[Lac La Biche, Alberta]]. Steinhauer's missionary work had actually begun 15 years earlier in 1840 when he was assigned to Lac La Pluie to assist in translating, teaching and interpreting the [[Ojibwa]] and [[Cree]] languages.
* 1856 – [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterians]] start work in [[Colombia]] with the arrival of Henry Pratt<ref>Olson, p. 156</ref>
* 1856 – [[Siméon-François Berneux]] arrives in Korea
* 1857 – Bible translated into [[Tswana language]]; Board of Foreign Missions of [[Dutch Reformed Church]] set up; four missionary couples killed at the [[Fatehgarh]] mission during the Indian Mutiny of 1857;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AGA4292 |title=A memorial of the Futtehgurh mission and her martyred missionaries: with some remarks on the mutiny in India./ By the Rev. J. Johnston Walsh |work=Quod.lib.umich.edu |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref> Publication of [[David Livingstone]]'s book ''Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa''
* 1858 – [[John Gibson Paton|John G. Paton]] begins work in [[New Hebrides]];<ref>Tucker, p. 225{{verify source|date=August 2013}}</ref> Basel Evangelical Missionary Society begins work in western [[Sumatra]] (Indonesia)
* 1859 – Presbyterian minister Rev. [[Ashbel Green Simonton]] arrives in Rio de Janeiro.
* 1859 – Protestant missionaries arrive in Japan;<ref>Glover, p. 171</ref> Revivals in North America and the British Isles generate interest in overseas missions; [[Albert Benjamin Simpson]] (founder of [[Christian and Missionary Alliance]]) is converted by the revival ministry of [[Henry Grattan Guinness]]
*1860 – British Syrian Schools Association (forerunner to MECO and [[SIM (Christian organization)|SIM]]) set up by [[Elizabeth Bowen Thompson]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nisbet|first=Harry C.|title=Fonds distribution for St Antony's college|url=https://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/gb165-0397-british-syrian-schools.pdf|journal=St Antony's College}}</ref>
* 1861 – Protestant Stundism arises in the village of Osnova of modern-day [[Ukraine]]; [[Sarah Platt Doremus|Sarah Doremus]] founds the Women's Union Missionary Society; [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] Church opens work in [[Haiti]];<ref>Glover, p. 429</ref> Rhenish Mission goes to [[Indonesia]] under [[Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen|Ludwig Nommensen]]
* 1862 – Paris Evangelical Missionary Society opens work in [[Senegal]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lcms.org/ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=a&word=AFRICA |title=Christian Cyclopedia &#124; The Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod |work=Lcms.org |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref> the first dictionary of the [[Samoan language]] published, written by [[George Pratt (missionary)|Rev George Pratt]] of the [[London Missionary Society]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/name-121543.html | title = New Zealand Electronic Text Centre | access-date = 2009-04-16}}</ref>
* 1863 – [[Robert Moffat (missionary)|Robert Moffat]], missionary to Africa with the [[London Missionary Society]], publishes his book ''Rivers of Water in a Dry Place, Being an Account of the Introduction of Christianity into South Africa, and of Mr. Moffat's Missionary Labours''
* 1865 – The [[China Inland Mission]] is founded by [[James Hudson Taylor]];<ref name=kanep94/> [[James Laidlaw Maxwell]] plants first viable [[Christian Church|church]] in [[Taiwan]]. [[Salvation Army]] founded in London by [[William Booth]]. Van Dyck Bible (in [[Bible translations into Arabic|Arabic]]) completed. 
* 1865 –  Ernst Faber arrives in China.<ref>Gad C. Isay, "Religious Obligation Transformed Into Intercultural Agency: Ernst Faber's Mission In China." ''Monumenta serica'' 54.1 (2006): 253-267.</ref> 
* 1865. [[Henry Venn (Church Missionary Society)|Henry Venn]] (1796-1873) of the Church Missionary Society called for "three-self" native churches: self-supporting, self-governing, and self-propagating.<ref>Brian Stanley,  "The church of the three selves: A perspective from the World Missionary Conference, Edinburgh, 1910." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 36.3 (2008): 435-451.</ref>
* 1866 – [[Charles Haddon Spurgeon]] invents the [[Wordless Book]], which is widely used in cross-cultural evangelism;<ref>Balmer, Randall Herbert. ''Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism'', Baylor University Press, 2004, p. 764</ref> Theodore Jonas Meyer (1819–1894), a converted Jew serving as a Presbyterian missionary in Italy, nurses those dying in a [[cholera]] epidemic until he himself falls prey to the disease. Barely surviving, he becomes a peacemaker between [[Roman Catholic church|Catholics]] and [[Protestantism|Protestants]]; [[Robert Jermain Thomas|Robert Thomas]], known as the first Protestant martyr in Korea, is beaten to death by locals after getting involved in kidnapping, shooting & killing locals in Pyongyang, Korea<ref>Ko-jong Sil-lok vol. 3</ref>
* 1867 – Methodists start work in [[Argentina]];<ref>Olson, pp. 156, 282</ref> [[Scripture Union]] established; [[Lars Olsen Skrefsrud]] and [[Hans Peter Børresen]]  begin working among the [[Santals]] of India.
* 1868 – Robert Bruce goes to [[Iran]], Canadian Baptist missionary Americus Timpany begins work among the [[Telugu people]] in India.
* 1869 – The first [[Methodism|Methodist]] women's missionary magazine, ''The Heathen Women's Friend'', begins publication. Riot in [[Yangzhou]], China destroys [[China Inland Mission]] house and nearly leads to open war between Britain and China.
* 1870 – [[Clara Swain]], the very first female missionary medical doctor, arrives at [[Uttar Pradesh|Bareilly]], India; Orthodox Missionary Society founded<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. IV, p. 107</ref>
* 1871 – [[William Gibson Sloan|William Sloan]] went to [[Faeroe Islands]] commended from a brethren assembly
* 1871 – [[Henry Morton Stanley|Henry Stanley]] finds [[David Livingstone]] in central Africa<ref>Anderson, p. 631</ref>
* 1872 – First All-India Missionary Conference with 136 participants;<ref>Olson, p. 163</ref> [[George Leslie Mackay]] plants church in northern [[Taiwan]];<ref>Anderson, pp. 423-424</ref> [[Lottie Moon]] appointed as missionary to China<ref>Anderson, p. 471</ref>
* 1873 – [[Regions Beyond Missionary Union]] founded in London in connection with the East London Training Institute for Home and Foreign Missions; first Scripture portion ([[Gospel of Luke]]) translated into [[Pangasinan]], a language of the Philippines, by [[Manrique Alonso Lallave|Alfonso Lallave]]<ref>Glover, p. 134</ref>
* 1874 – [[Gustav Warneck]] founded the ''Allgemeine Missions Zeitschrift'' in Gütersloh / Germany, the first scientific missionary periodical;<ref>Moreau, p. 1006</ref> [[Granville Waldegrave, 3rd Baron Radstock|Lord Radstock]]'s first visit to [[St. Petersburg]], Russia, and the beginning of an evangelical awakening among the St. Petersburg nobility; [[Albert Sturges]] initiates the Interior Micronesia Mission in the Mortlock Islands under the leadership of [[Micronesia]]n students from Ohwa
* 1875 – The Foreign Christian Missionary Society organized within the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]] and [[Church of Christ]] movements; Clah, a Canadian Indian convert, brought Christianity to natives at Ft. Wangel, Alaska. He assumed the name of Philip McKay.
* 1875 - The [[Society of the Divine Word]], a Roman Catholic missionary community, is founded by Arnold Jannsen in Steyl, Holland.
* 1876 – In September, a rusty ocean steamer arrives at a port on the [[Calabar River]] in what is now [[Nigeria]]. That part of Africa was then known as the White Man's Grave. The only woman on board that ship is 29-year-old [[Mary Slessor]], a missionary.<ref>Tucker, p. 171{{verify source|date=August 2013}}</ref>
* 1877 – [[James Chalmers (missionary)|James Chalmers]] goes to [[New Guinea]];<ref>Neill, p. 299</ref> Presbyterians Sheldon Jackson and missionary-widow [[Amanda McFarland]] arrive at Ft. Wrangel, Alaska where they join Philip McKay (né Clah) to start missionary work. McFarland was the first white woman in Alaska, and renowned as "Alaska's Courageous Missionary." [[OMF International|China Inland Mission]] opens up [[Protestantism in Sichuan|settled mission work in Sichuan]].
* 1878 – Mass movement to Christ begins in [[Ongole]], India<ref>Moreau, p. 206</ref>
* 1880 – Woman missionary doctor [[Fanny Jane Butler|Fanny Butler]] goes to India;<ref>Neill, p. 217</ref> Missionary periodical ''The Gospel in All Lands'' is launched by [[Albert Benjamin Simpson|A. B. Simpson]];<ref>Anderson, p. 622</ref> [[Justus Henry Nelson]] and Fannie Bishop Capen Nelson begin 45 years of service in [[Belém]], [[Pará]], [[Brazil]], establishing the first Protestant Church in Amazonia in 1883
* 1880 – Conversion of [[Xi Shengmo]] (1836-1896), a brilliant Confucian philosopher who after being freed opium, dedicated his life to preaching the Gospel and creating of rehabilitation centers for thousands of opium addicts in the Chinese province of [[Shanxi]] and other cities and towns such as Chao-ch'eng, Teng-ts'uen, Hoh-chau, T'ai-yuan and Ping-yang, along with his wife. In 1906, there were, in all, 45 rehabilitation centers and 300,000 healed.<ref>Taylor, Mrs. Howard, Pastor Hsi: Confucian Scholar and Christian (1900; rev. 1949, 1989).</ref><ref>Austin, Alvyn James, "Pilgrims and Strangers: The China Inland Mission in Britain, Canada, the United States and China 1865-1990" (Ph.D. diss., York University, North York, Ontario, 1996).</ref><ref>Broomhall, A. J., Assault on the Nine, Book 6:1875-87 of Hudson Taylor and China's Open Century (1988).</ref><ref>Latourette, Kenneth Scott, A History of Christian Missions in China (1966).</ref>
* 1881 – Methodist work in [[Lahore]], Pakistan starts in the wake of revivals under Bishop William Taylor; North Africa Mission (now Arab World Ministries) founded on work of Edward Glenny in [[Algeria]]<ref>Olson, p. 152</ref>
* 1881 – Home & Foreign Mission Fund (now known as Interlink) was established in Glasgow as a missionary service group for brethren missionaries from Scotland
* 1882 – James Gilmour, [[London Missionary Society]] missionary to [[Mongolia]], goes home to England for a furlough. During that time he published a book: ''Among the Mongols''. It was so well-written that one critic wrote, "[[Robinson Crusoe]] has turned missionary, lived years in Mongolia, and wrote a book about it." Concerning the author, the critic said, "If ever on earth there lived a man who kept the law of Christ, and could give proof of it, and be absolutely unconscious that he was giving it to them, it is this man whom the Mongols called 'our Gilmour.'"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/bible/church/chapter8.htm |title=Among China's Millions |work=Electricscotland.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1882 - [[Alice Robertson|Alice Mary Robertson]], granddaughter of missionary Samuel Worcester, founds [[Nuyaka Mission]] near present-day [[Okmulgee, Oklahoma]], primarily ministering to Creek Nation.
* 1883 – [[Salvation Army]] enters [[West Pakistan]];<ref>Glover, p. 92</ref> [[Albert Benjamin Simpson|A.B. Simpson]] organizes The Missionary Union for the Evangelization of the World. The first classes of the Missionary Training College are held in New York City. Zaire [[Christian and Missionary Alliance]] mission field opens.
* 1884 – [[David Watt Torrance|David Torrance]] is sent by the Jewish Mission of the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] as a medical missionary to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]
* 1884 – [[Margaret Catherine Alice Hyson|Alice Hyson]] is sent by Mrs. F. E. H. Haines, and the Women's Home Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Church, to [[Taos, New Mexico]]<ref name=Foote>{{cite book|last1=Foote|first1=Cheryl J.|title=Women of the New Mexico frontier, 1846-1912|date=2005|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque|isbn=0-8263-3755-4|page=92|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KUto8ByWtO4C&pg=PA92|access-date=28 June 2014}}</ref> 
* 1885 – [[Horace Grant Underwood]], Presbyterian missionary, and [[Henry Appenzeller]], [[Methodism|Methodist]] missionary, arrive in Korea;<ref name=kanep99>Kane, p. 99</ref> Scottish [[Ion Keith Falconer|Ion Keith-Falconer]] goes to [[Aden]] on the Arabian peninsula;<ref name="Olson, p. 157">Olson, p. 157</ref> "[[Cambridge Seven]]" -- [[Charles Studd|C. T. Studd]], [[Montagu Proctor-Beauchamp|M. Beauchamp]], [[William Cassels|W. W. Cassels]], [[Dixon Edward Hoste, China Inland Mission|D. E. Hoste]], [[Stanley P. Smith|S. P. Smith]], [[Arthur T. Polhill|A. T. Polhill-Turner]], [[Cecil Polhill|C. H. Polhill-Turner]]—go to China as missionaries with the [[China Inland Mission]]<ref>Anderson, p. 111</ref>
* 1886 – [[Student Volunteer Movement]] launched as 100 university and seminary students at [[Dwight L. Moody|Moody's]] conference grounds at Mount Hermon, Massachusetts, sign the Princeton Pledge which says:  ''"I purpose, God willing, to become a foreign missionary."''{{sfn|Tucker|2004|p=320}}
* 1886 – [[Johann Flierl]], missionary, arrives in [[New Guinea]]
* 1887 – [[The Hundred missionaries]] deployed in one year in China under the [[China Inland Mission]]. Dr. William Cassidy, a Toronto medical doctor, was ordained as the [[Christian and Missionary Alliance]]'s first missionary preacher. Unfortunately, en route to China, he died of [[smallpox]]. However, Cassidy's death has been called the "spark that ignited the Alliance missionary blaze."
* 1888 – [[Jonathan Goforth]] sails to China;<ref>Anderson, p. 247</ref> [[Student Volunteer Movement]] for foreign missions officially organized with [[John R. Mott]] as chairman and Robert Wilder as traveling secretary. The movement's motto, coined by Wilder, was:  ''"The evangelization of the world in this generation.'';<ref name=kanep103>Kane, p. 103</ref> Scripture Gift Mission (now [[Lifewords]]) founded; [[Lilias Trotter]], founder of the Algiers Mission Band,  arrives in Algiers
* 1889 – Missionary linguist and folklorist [[Paul Olaf Bodding]] arrives in India, Santhal Parganas, and continues the work among the Santals started by Skrefsrud and Børresen in 1867; North Africa Mission enters [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] as first Protestant mission in [[Libya]]<ref>Moreau, p. 577</ref>
* 1890 – Presbyterian missionary, [[Robert McGill Loughridge|Robert M. Loughridge]], founded the [[First Presbyterian Church of Coweta]]. 
* 1890 – Central American Mission founded by [[Cyrus I. Scofield|C. I. Scofield]], editor of the [[Scofield Reference Bible]];<ref name="Olson, p. 157"/> Methodist Charles Gabriel writes missionary song "Send the Light"; [[John Livingston Nevius]] of China visits Korea to outline his strategy for missions: 1) Each believer should be a productive member of society and active in sharing his faith; 2) The church in Korea should be distinctly Korean and free of foreign control; 3) The leaders of the Korean [[Christian Church|church]] will be selected and trained from its members; 4) Church buildings will be built by Koreans with their own resources;<ref>Anderson p. 490</ref> [[Fredrik Franson]] founds the Scandinavian Alliance Mission in Chicago, later known as [[The Evangelical Alliance Mission]]. 
* 1891 – [[Samuel Marinus Zwemer|Samuel Zwemer]] goes to [[Basra]] in southern [[Iraq]],<ref>Moreau, p. 503</ref> having founded the Arabian Mission in 1890;<ref>Moreau, p. 1046</ref> Helen Chapman sails for the Congo (Zaire). She married a Danish missionary, William Rasmussen, whom she met during the voyage.
* 1892 – [[Redcliffe College]], Centre for Mission Training founded in [[Chelsea, London]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redcliffe.org/standard.asp?id=572 |title=Training mission workers &#124; Missionary training at Redcliffe |work=Redcliffe.org |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119212452/http://www.redcliffe.org/standard.asp?id=572 |archive-date=2009-11-19 }}</ref>
* 1892 – [[Open Air Campaigners]] was founded in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] as "Coogee Open Air Mission".
* 1893- Charles Frederick Reeve started the Poona and Indian Village Mission at Poona.
* 1893 – [[Eleanor Chesnut]] goes to China as Presbyterian medical missionary;{{sfn|Tucker|2004|p=402}} [[SIM (Christian organization)|Sudan Interior Mission (SIM)]] founded by Rowland Bingham, a graduate of [[Nyack College]]<ref>Olson, p. 153</ref>
* 1894 – Soatanana Revival begins among Lutheran and LMS churches in [[Madagascar]], lasting 80 years<ref name=barrettp29/>
* 1895 – [[Africa Inland Mission]] formed by Peter Cameron Scott;<ref name=kanep95/> Japan Bible Society established; [[Roland Allen]] sent as missionary for the [[Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts]] to its North China Mission.<ref>Anderson, p. 12</ref> [[Amy Carmichael]] arrives in India.
* 1896 – Ödön Scholtz founds the first Hungarian Lutheran foreign mission periodical ''Külmisszió''<ref>Uhalley, Stephen and Xiaoxin Wu. ''China and Christianity: Burdened Past, Hopeful Future'', M.E. Sharpe, 2001, p. 227</ref>
* 1897 – [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] begins work in [[Venezuela]]
* 1897 – [[Russian Orthodox Church]] decided to establish a mission in [[Korea]]
* 1898 – Theresa Huntington leaves her New England home for the Middle East. For seven years she will work as an American Board missionary in [[Elazığ]] (Kharput) in the Ottoman Empire. Her letters home will be published in a book titled ''Great Need over the Water''; Archibald Reekie of the [[Canadian Baptist Ministries]] arrives in Oruro as the first Protestant missionary to [[Bolivia]]. The work of Canadian Baptists led to the guarantee of freedom of religion in Bolivia in 1905.
* 1899 – James Rodgers arrives in [[Philippines]] with the Presbyterian Mission;<ref>Neill, p. 292</ref> Central American Mission enters [[Guatemala]]<ref>Moreau, p. 418</ref>

== 1900 to 1949 ==
{{Main|Christianity in the 20th century}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#20th century}}
{{See also|Modern history of Christianity#Late modern history (1848–present)}}
* 1900 – First Orthodox missionary from [[Russia]] enters [[Korea]]
* 1900 – [[Religious Society of Friends|American Friends]] open work in [[Cuba]]; Ecumenical Missionary Conference in [[Carnegie Hall]], New York (162 mission boards represented);<ref name=barrettp30>Barrett, p. 30</ref> 189 missionaries and their children killed in [[Boxer Rebellion]] in China;<ref name=kanep98>Kane, p. 98</ref> South African [[Andrew Murray (minister)|Andrew Murray]] writes ''The Key to the Missionary Problem'' in which he challenges the [[Christian Church|church]] to hold weeks of [[prayer]] for the world<ref>Glover, p. 369</ref>
* 1901 – Nazarene John Diaz goes to [[Cape Verde]] Islands;<ref>Parker, p. 25</ref> Maude Cary sails for [[Morocco]];  Oriental Missionary Society founded by Charles Cowman (his wife is the compiler of popular devotional book ''Streams in the Desert''); Missionary James Chalmers killed and eaten by cannibals in [[Papua New Guinea]]<ref>Herzog, vol. XI, p. 17</ref>
* 1902-1927 – With world attention focused on the anti-Western [[Boxer Rebellion]], American Protestants made missions to China a high priority. They supported 500 missionaries in 1890, more than 2000 in 1914, and 8300 in 1920. By 1927 they opened 16 American universities in China, six medical schools, and four theology schools, together with 265 middle schools and a large number of elementary schools. The number of converts was not large, but the educational influence was dramatic.<ref>Varg (1980), p. 102.</ref>
* 1902 – Swiss members of the [[Plymouth Brethren]] enter [[Laos]]<ref>Olson, p. 158</ref> 
* 1902 – California Yearly Meeting of Friends opens work in [[Guatemala]]
* 1903 – First Orthodox parish in Korea opens
* 1903 – [[Church of the Nazarene]] enters Mexico<ref>Parker, p. 26</ref>
* 1903 –  First group baptism at Sattelberg Mission Station under [[Christian Keyser]] in [[New Guinea]] paves way for mass conversions during the following years
* 1904 – [[Premillennialism|Premillennialist]] theologian [[William Eugene Blackstone]] begins teaching that the world has already been evangelized, citing Acts 2:5, 8:4, Mark 16:20 and Colossians 1:23
* 1904 – [[European Christian Mission]] was founded in [[Estonia]] by [[J.P. Raud]]. Today it is known as [[European Christian Mission International]].
* 1905 – [[Gunnerius Tollefsen]] is converted at a [[Salvation Army]] meeting under the preaching of [[Samuel logan brengle|Samuel Logan Brengle]]. Later he would become a missionary to the [[Belgian Congo]] and then first mission secretary of the Norwegian Pentecostal movement.<ref>Anderson, p. 674</ref>
* 1905 – [[Sadhu Sundar Singh]], an Indian missionary, former adherent of [[Sikhism]], begins his ministry as [[sadhu]] preaching in Northern India and Tibet. From 1918-1922, he travels to preach throughout the world, but finishes his career in new missions to [[Tibet]].
* 1906 – [[The Evangelical Alliance Mission]] (TEAM) opens work in [[Venezuela]] with T. J. Bach and John Christiansen
* 1907 – Massive revival meetings in Korea;<ref name=barrettp30/> [[Harmon Schmelzenbach]] sails for Africa;<ref>Parker, p. 27</ref> Presbyterians and [[Methodism|Methodists]] open Union Theological Seminary in [[Manila]], Philippines; Bolivian Indian Mission founded by George Allen<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol. V, p. 104</ref>
* 1908 – [[Avant Ministries|Gospel Missionary Union]] opens work in [[Colombia]] with Charles Chapman and John Funk; [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal movement]] enters Rome and southern Italy as well as [[Egypt]]<ref>Glover, p. 229</ref>
* 1909 – [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal movement]] reaches [[Chile]] through ministry of American Methodist Willis Hoover<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mb-soft.com/believe/txc/pentecos.htm |title=Pentecostalism |work=Mb-soft.com |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1910 – [[Edinburgh Missionary Conference]] held in Scotland, presided over by [[John Mott]], beginning modern Protestant [[Christian ecumenism|ecumenical cooperation]] in missions<ref>Neill, pp. 331-334</ref>
* 1911 – [[Christian & Missionary Alliance]] enters [[Cambodia]] and [[Vietnam]]<ref>Neill, p. 293</ref>
* 1912 – Conference of British Missionary Societies formed;<ref>Latourette, 1941, vol IV, p. 104</ref><ref>The archive of CBMS is held by SOAS Special Collections</ref> ''International Review of Missions'' begins publication<ref name=barrettp30/>
* 1913 – [[C.T. Studd]] establishes Heart of Africa Mission, now called [[WEC International]];<ref>Anderson, p. 845</ref> African-American Eliza Davis George sails from New York for [[Liberia]];<ref>Gailey, p. 83</ref> [[William Whiting Borden]] dies in Egypt while preparing to take the gospel to the Muslims in China<ref>Anderson, p. 79</ref>
*  1914-1918 [[World War I]] numerous missionaries in Africa and Asia in British, French, German and Belgian colonies are expelled or detained for the duration of the war, if their nation was at war with the colonial authority.
*  1914-1918 The World War reduced the enthusiasm for missions, and led to growing doubts about the wisdom of cultural imperialism in dealing with foreign peoples.<ref>John C. Barrett, "World War I and the decline of the first wave of the American Protestant missions movement." ''International Bulletin of Mission Research'' 39#3 (2015): 122-126. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150912080705/http://www.internationalbulletin.org/issues/2015-03/2015-03-122-barrett.pdf online]}}</ref><ref>Nathan D. Showalter, ''The End of a Crusade: The Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions and the Great War'' (1998).</ref>
* 1914 – Large-scale revival movement in [[Uganda]]; C.T. Studd reports a revival movement in the Congo<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.openheaven.com/library/history/revivalfire.htm |title=Revival Fire – by Geoff Waugh (a brief overview of revival since the 18th century) |work=Openheaven.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515122021/http://www.openheaven.com/library/history/revivalfire.htm |archive-date=2009-05-15 }}</ref>
* 1914 – [[Paul Olaf Bodding]] completes his translation of the Bible into the [[Santali language]].
* 1915 – Founded in 1913 in [[Nanjing]], China as a women's Christian college, [[Ginling College]] officially opens with eight students and six teachers. It was supported by four missions: the Northern Baptists, the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]], the [[Methodism|Methodists]], and the Presbyterians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/institution/view.aspx?institutionID=87 |title=Ricci Roundtable on the History of Christianity in China |work=Ricci.rt.usfca.edu |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517044623/http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/institution/view.aspx?institutionID=87 |archive-date=2011-05-17 }}</ref>
* 1916 – Rhenish missionaries are forced to leave [[Ondjiva]] in southern [[Angola]] under pressure from the Portuguese authorities and Chief Mandume of the [[Kwanyama]]. By then, four congregations existed with a confessing membership of 800.
* 1917 – Interdenominational Foreign Mission Association (IFMA) founded<ref>Olson, p. 317</ref>
* 1919 – The Union Version of Bible in Chinese is published;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibs.org/bibles/chinese/ |title=Chinese Bible Download from Biblica |work=Ibs.org |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015010012/http://www.ibs.org/bibles/chinese/ |archive-date=October 15, 2008 }}</ref> [[Avant Ministries|Gospel Missionary Union]] enters [[Sudan]]<ref>Glover, p. 280</ref> and [[Mali]]<ref>Moreau, p. 595</ref>
* 1920 – Baptist Mid-Missions formed by William Haas;<ref>Moreau, p. 381</ref> [[Church of the Nazarene]] enters [[Syria]]; [[Columbans]] enter Australia and New Zealand<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columban.com/histaz.htm |title=Columban Mission: Australia And New Zealand |work=Columban.com |date=1920-01-06 |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106043056/http://www.columban.com/histaz.htm |archive-date=2009-01-06 }}</ref>
* 1921 – Founding of [[International Missionary Council]] (IMC); Norwegian Mission Council formed; [[Columbans]] enter China
* 1922 – Nazarenes enter [[Mozambique]]
* 1923 – Scottish missionaries begin work in [[British Togoland]]
* 1924 – Bible Churchman's Missionary Society opens work in Upper [[Burma]];<ref>Glover, p. 108</ref> Baptist Mid-Missions begins work in [[Venezuela]]
* 1925 – Daniel Fleming published ''Whither Bound in Missions'' (YMCA Press), challenging the over-emphasis on conversions. Missions should instead focus on fighting evils such as materialism, racial injustice, war and poverty.<ref>Hutchison, ''Errands to the World'' pp. 150-158.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/MN41421ucmf_0|title=''Whither Bound in Missions'' online|year=1925}}</ref>
* 1925 – [[E. Stanley Jones]], Methodist missionary to India, writes ''The Christ of the Indian Road''<ref>Anderson, pp. 339-340</ref>
* 1926 – Charles J. McDonald, a [[Southern Baptist]] layman, started work in the town of [[Wahiawa]], [[Territory of Hawaii]], with a Sunday School which eventually became the First Baptist Church of Wahiawa.
* 1927 – [[Ngulhao Thomsong]] translates the Bible into Thadou-Kuki Language<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kukiforum.com/2009/03/the-arrival-of-christianity-among-the-kukis-2/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523230953/http://kukiforum.com/2009/03/the-arrival-of-christianity-among-the-kukis-2/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 23, 2013|title=The Arrival of Christianity Among the Kukis|access-date=1 March 2015}}</ref> East African revival movement (Balokole) emerges in Rwanda and moves across several other countries<ref name=barrettp30/>
* 1928 – Cuba Bible Institute (West Indies Mission) opens; Jerusalem Conference of International Missionary Council;<ref name=barrettp30/> foundation of [[Borneo Evangelical Mission]] by Hudson Southwell, Frank Davidson and Carey Tolley.
* 1929 – Christian & Missionary Alliance enters East Borneo (Indonesia) and Thailand<ref>Glover, p. 119</ref>
* 1930 – [[Christian & Missionary Alliance]] starts work among Baouli tribe in the [[Ivory Coast]]
* 1931 – Franciscan missionary the Venerable [[Gabriele Allegra]] arrives in [[Hunan]] China from Italy to start translating the Bible<ref name="sbofmhk.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.sbofmhk.org |title=Studium Biblicum OFM |work=Sbofmhk.org |access-date=2010-07-10}}</ref>
* 1931 – [[HCJB]] radio station started in [[Quito]], Ecuador by Clarence Jones;<ref>Olson, p. 177</ref> Baptist Mid-Missions enters [[Liberia]]<ref>Glover, p. 267</ref>
* 1932 - [[William Ernest Hocking]], et al. ''Re-Thinking Missions: A Laymen's Inquiry After One Hundred Years'' marks the turning away from traditional missions by the mainstream Protestant denominations, leaving the field to the evangelicals and fundamentalists.<ref>Hutchison, ''Errands to the World'' pp. 150-174.</ref><ref>William Ernest Hocking et al. ''Re Thinking Missions A Laymen S Inquiry After One Hundred Years'' (1932) [https://archive.org/stream/rethinkingmissio011901mbp#page/n7/mode/2up online]</ref>
* 1932 – [[Assemblies of God]] opens mission work in [[Colombia]]; ''Laymen's Missionary Inquiry'' report published
* 1933 – [[Gladys Aylward]] (subject of movie ''[[The Inn of the Sixth Happiness]]'') arrives in China; [[Columbans]] enter Korea<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columban.com/histkor.htm |title=Columban Mission History In Korea |work=Columban.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106035050/http://www.columban.com/histkor.htm |archive-date=2009-01-06 }}</ref>
* 1934 – [[William Cameron Townsend]] begins the [[Summer Institute of Linguistics]]; [[Columbans]] enter Japan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columban.com/histjap.htm |title=Columban Mission History in Japan |work=Columban.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105203020/http://www.columban.com/histjap.htm |archive-date=2009-01-05 }}</ref>
* 1935 – [[Frank Laubach|Frank C. Laubach]], American missionary to the [[Philippines]], perfects the "Each one teach one" [[literacy]] program, which has been used worldwide to teach 60 million people to read<ref>Anderson, p. 385</ref>
* 1936 – With the outbreak of civil war in Spain, missionaries are forced to leave that country.
* 1937 – After expulsion of missionaries from [[Ethiopia]] by Italian invaders, widespread revival erupts among Protestant (SIM) churches in south;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sim.org/country.asp?CID=10&fun=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040225153804/http://www.sim.org/country.asp?CID=10&fun=1 |archive-date=2004-02-25 |title=Where You Can Serve |work=Sim.org |access-date=2010-07-10 }}</ref> [[Child Evangelism Fellowship]] founded by Jesse Irvin Overholzer
* 1938 – Madras World Missionary Conference held;<ref>Moreau, p. 1029</ref> Dutch missiologist [[Hendrik Kraemer]] publishes his seminal work ''The Christian Message in a non-Christian World''; West Indies Mission enters [[Dominican Republic]]; [[Church Missionary Society]] forced out of [[Egypt]]; Dr. Orpha Speicher completes construction of Reynolds Memorial Hospital in central India<ref>Parker, p. 232</ref>
* 1939-1945 – [[World War II]]  numerous missionaries in Africa and Asia in British, French and Belgian colonies are expelled or detained for the duration of the war, if their nation was at war with the colonial authority
* 1939 – A sick missionary, Joy Ridderhof, makes a recording of gospel songs and a message and sends it into the mountains of Honduras. It is the beginning of Gospel Recordings<ref name="Olson, p. 178">Olson, p. 178</ref>
* 1940 – Marianna Slocum begins translation work in Mexico;<ref>[http://www.missionfrontiers.org/1999/08/slocum.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927044435/http://www.missionfrontiers.org/1999/08/slocum.html|date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> Military police in Japan arrests the executive officers of the [[Salvation Army]]
* 1942 – [[William Cameron Townsend]] founds [[Wycliffe Bible Translators]]; New Tribes mission founded with a vision to reach the tribal peoples of [[Bolivia]]
* 1943 – CBFMS Conservative Baptist Foreign Mission Society [now WorldVenture]  was formed sending Missionaries to the CONGO, South America and Philippines, now in over 60 countries.
* 1943 – Five missionaries with [[New Tribes Mission]] go missing in Bolivia;<ref>{{harvnb|Anderson|1998|p=215}}: "The work suffered an inordinate number of tragedies in its early years: five men of the first party of recruits disappeared into the Bolivian jungle in 1943; in 1946 fire destroyed two dormitories at the mission's training camp in California, claiming the life of an infant..."</ref> 11 American [[Baptist]] missionaries beheaded in the Philippines by Japanese soldiers
* 1944 – Missionaries return to Suki, [[Papua New Guinea]] after withdrawal of the Japanese military
* 1945 – [[Mission Aviation Fellowship]] formed;<ref name="Olson, p. 178"/> [[Far East Broadcasting Company]] (FEBC) founded;<ref name=kanep107>Kane, p. 107</ref> Evangelical Foreign Missions Association formed by denominational mission boards<ref>Moreau, p. 336</ref> [[Kenneth Scott Latourette|K.S. Latourette]] completes his seven volume set ''A history of the expansion of Christianity'' 
* 1945 – The Venerable [[Gabriele Allegra]] establishes the [[Studium Biblicum Franciscanum]] in Beijing<ref name="sbofmhk.org"/>
* 1946 – [[Thomas Tien Ken-sin]], SVD is named the first Chinese Cardinal by Pope Pius XII. He is exiled from China in 1951 by the Communist regime.
* 1946 – First [[InterVarsity Christian Fellowship|Inter-Varsity]] missionary convention (now called "[[Urbana (convention)|Urbana]]");<ref>Moreau, p. 991</ref> [[United Bible Societies]] formed
* 1947 – [[Whitby, Ontario|Whitby]] World Missionary Conference in [[Canada]];<ref>Moreau, p. 1014</ref> Conservative Baptist Foreign Mission Society begins work among the [[Senufo people]] in the Ivory Coast<ref>Glover, p. 270</ref>
* 1948 – Alfredo del Rosso merges his Italian Holiness Mission with the [[Church of the Nazarene]], thus opening Nazarene work on the European continent; [[Southern Baptist Convention]] adopts program calling for the tripling of the number of missionaries.
* 1949 – Southern Baptist Mission board opens work in [[Venezuela]], Mary Tripp sent out by CEF Child Evangelism Fellowship to the Netherlands.
* 1949 – Russian Orthodox Church stops in all activities in Korea.

== 1950 to 1999 ==
* 1950 – [[Paul Orjala]] arrives in [[Haiti]]; radio station 4VEH, owned by East and West Indies Bible Mission, starts broadcasting from near [[Cap-Haïtien]], Haiti<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianradio.org.uk/world/haiti/4veh/ |title=Radio 4VEH Haiti |access-date=2009-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022194030/http://www.christianradio.org.uk/world/haiti/4veh/ |archive-date=2008-10-22 }}</ref>
* 1951 –  Communist government of China expels all Christian missionaries; the void was more than filled by a Chinese Church, 25% of which consisted of independent churches.<ref>Daniel H. Bays, ''A new history of Christianity in China'' (2011).</ref>
* 1951 –  Eastern Orthodoxy is re-introduces in Korea by Greeks, and disseminates after almost 51 years since its first introduction in 1900
* 1951 – [[World Evangelical Alliance]] organized; [[Bill Bright|Bill]] and [[Vonette Zachary Bright|Vonette Bright]] create [[Campus Crusade for Christ]] at [[UCLA]];<ref>Anderson, p. 90</ref> [[InterAct Ministries|Alaska Missions]] is founded (later to be renamed InterAct Ministries).
* 1952 – Willingen World Missionary Conference in [[Germany]];<ref>Moreau, p. 1017f</ref> [[Trans World Radio]] founded<ref>Wood, James. ''History of International Broadcasting'', IET, History of Technology Series, 1992, p. 216</ref>
* 1953 – Walter Trobisch, who would publish ''I loved a girl'' in 1962, begins pioneer missionary work in northern [[Cameroon]]<ref>Anderson, p. 679</ref>
* 1954 – [[Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities]] opens work in [[Cuba]]; Argentina Revival breaks out during Tommy Hicks crusade; [[Augustinians]] re-established in Japan; [[Columbans]]  enter [[Chile]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columban.com/histchil.htm |title=Columban Mission History – Chile |work=Columban.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106014543/http://www.columban.com/histchil.htm |archive-date=2009-01-06 }}</ref>
* 1955 – [[Korean Orthodox Church]] lies under the jurisdiction of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]
* 1955 – [[Donald McGavran]] publishes ''Bridges of God'';<ref name="Olson, p. 178"/> [[Netherlands|Dutch]] missionary "[[Brother Andrew]]", founder of [[Open Doors]] makes first of many Bible smuggling trips into [[Communism|Communist]] [[Eastern Europe]];
* 1956 – U.S. missionaries [[Jim Elliot]], [[Pete Fleming]], [[Edward McCully]], [[Nate Saint]], and [[Roger Youderian]] are killed by [[Huaorani]] Indians in eastern [[Ecuador]]. (See [[Operation Auca]])<ref>Anderson, p. 198</ref>
* 1957 – East Asia Christian Conference (EACC) founded at Prapat, Sumatra, Indonesia<ref name=barrettp31>Barrett, p. 31</ref>
* 1958 – [[Rochunga Pudaite]] completes translation of Bible into [[Hmar language]] (India) and was appointed the leader of the Indo-Burma Pioneer Mission; Missionaries [[Elisabeth Elliot]] and [[Rachel Saint]] make first peaceful contact with the [[Huaorani]] tribe in [[Ecuador]].
* 1959 – [[Radio Lumiere|Radio Lumière]] founded in [[Haiti]] by West Indies Mission (now World Team);<ref>[http://www.radiolumiere.franshellasam.com/index2.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228200800/http://www.radiolumiere.franshellasam.com/index2.html|date=February 28, 2009}}</ref> Josephine Makil becomes the first African-American to join [[Wycliffe Bible Translators]]; [[Feba Radio]] founded in UK.
* 1960 – Kenneth Strachan starts Evangelism-in-Depth in Central America;<ref>Olson, p. 287</ref> 18,000 people in [[Morocco]] reply to newspaper ad by [[Avant Ministries|Gospel Missionary Union]] offering free correspondence course on Christianity;<ref name=kanep119>Kane, p. 119</ref> [[Loren Cunningham]] founds [[Youth with a Mission]];<ref>Moreau, p. 339</ref> The Asia Evangelistic Fellowship (AEF), one of the largest Asian indigenous missionary organisations, is launched in Singapore by G. D. James<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aefi.org.au |title=Asia Evangelistic Fellowship |publisher=Aefi.org.au |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219033531/http://www.aefi.org.au/ |archive-date=2011-02-19 }}</ref>
* 1961 – International Missionary Council (IMC) integrated into the [[World Council of Churches]] (WCC) and renamed ''Commission on World Mission and Evangelism'' (CWME);<ref>Moreau, p. 499</ref> International Christian radio stations now number 30<ref name=barrettp31/>
* 1962 – Don Richardson goes to Sawi tribe in [[Papua New Guinea]];<ref>Tucker, p. 475{{verify source|date=August 2013}}</ref> [[Operation Mobilisation]] founded in Mexico by [[George Verwer]]
* 1963 – Theological Education by Extension movement launched in [[Guatemala]] by Ralph Winter and James Emery<ref>Olson, p. 179</ref>
* 1964 – Young missionary and pilot [[Jerry Douglas Witt]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alasdeamistad.com/web/pgcnfID_62513/Witt-Family |title=Witt Family |website=www.alasdeamistad.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701190631/http://www.alasdeamistad.com/web/pgcnfID_62513/Witt-Family |archive-date=1 July 2011 }}</ref> is presumably shot down over the mining town of Minas Las Coloradas, Zacatecas Mexico while dropping Gospels of St. John from his Cessna 170B, killing him and a young Mexican national who was with him; In separate incidents, rebels in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] kill missionaries Paul Carlson, Phyllis Rine and Irene Ferrel as well as brutalizing missionary doctor [[Helen Roseveare]];<ref>Tucker, pp. 470-471{{verify source|date=August 2013}}</ref> Carlson is featured on December 4 ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine cover;<ref name="C4WDefault-7218937">{{cite magazine|url=https://content.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601641204,00.html |title=TIME Magazine -- U.S. Edition -- December 4, 1964 Vol. 84 No. 24 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 4, 1964 |access-date=May 16, 2014 |first=Henry |last=Koerner |at=Front cover |volume=84 |issue=24 |publisher=[[Time Inc.]] |issn=0040-781X |oclc=1311479 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517014135/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/0%2C9263%2C7601641204%2C00.html |archive-date=May 17, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hans von Staden of the Dorothea Mission proposes to Patrick Johnstone that he write the book now titled ''[[Operation World]]''<ref>[http://www.tyndale.ca/~tmccormick/downloads/OWWorld+Opening.pdf]{{dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref>
* 1966 – [[Cultural Revolution|Red Guards]] destroy churches in China; Berlin Congress on Evangelism;<ref>Moreau, p. 637</ref> Missionaries expelled from [[Burma]]; ''[[Brother Andrew|God's Smuggler]]'' published
* 1967 – All foreign missionaries expelled from [[Guinea]]<ref>Moreau, p. 412</ref>
* 1968 – The [[Studium Biblicum Translation]] of the Bible is published in Chinese<ref name="sbofmhk.org"/> by the Venerable [[Gabriele Allegra]]
* 1968 – Wu Yung and others form the Chinese Missions Overseas in order to send out missionaries from [[Taiwan]] to do cross-cultural ministry; [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] order re-established in India
* 1969 – [[China Inland Mission|OMF International]] begins "industrial evangelism" to Taiwan's factory workers<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omf.org/omf/taiwan/about_omf_taiwan/our_history |title=Our History |publisher=OMF |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203190523/http://www.omf.org/omf/taiwan/about_omf_taiwan/our_history |archive-date=2008-12-03 }}</ref>
* 1970 – [http://www.fameworld.org Fellowship Associates of Medical Evangelism (FAME)] Founded in Columbus, IN. Disrupting the Crisis of the lack of access to healthcare to the world's most vulnerable<www.fameworld.org. Frankfurt Declaration on Mission;<ref name=barrettp32>Barrett, p. 32</ref> [[Operation Mobilisation]] launches MV Logos ship;<ref>[http://www.epm.org/articles/GeorgeVerwer.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031075249/http://www.epm.org/articles/GeorgeVerwer.htm|date=October 31, 2007}}</ref> Abp. [[Makarios III]] (Mouskos) of Cyprus baptizes 10,000 into the Orthodox Church in Kenya.
* 1971 – [[Gustavo Gutierrez]] publishes ''A Theology of Liberation''<ref>Olson, p. 286</ref>
* 1972 – American Society of Missiology founded with journal ''[[Missiology (journal)|Missiology]]''<ref>Moreau, p. 56</ref>
* 1973 – Services by Billy Graham attract four and a half million people in six cities of Korea;<ref name=kanep135>Kane, p. 135</ref> first All-Asa Mission Consultation convenes in Seoul, Korea with 25 delegates from 14 countries;<ref name=kanep112>Kane, p. 112</ref> [[Mission to the World]] is founded in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shorttermmissions.com/org/mission_to_the_world?trip_id=12305|title=Mission to the World|work=shorttermmissions.com|access-date=2013-03-20}}</ref>
* 1974 – [[First International Congress on World Evangelization|Lausanne Congress]] on World Evangelization takes place in Lausanne / Switzerland; Missiologist Ralph Winter presents the concept of "hidden" or [[Unreached people group|unreached peoples]].<ref>Olson, p. 261</ref> [[Lausanne Covenant]] is written and ratified
* 1975 – [[Sotirios Trambas]] arrives in Seoul
* 1975 – Missionaries Armand Doll and Hugh Friberg imprisoned in [[Mozambique]] after communist takeover of government<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/mozambique/muchave_joao.html |title=Muchave, João Zacarias, Mozambique, Church of the Nazarene |work=Dacb.org |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228233322/http://www.dacb.org/stories/mozambique/muchave_joao.html |archive-date=2010-12-28 }}</ref>
* 1976 – [[U.S. Center for World Mission]] founded in [[Pasadena, California]]; 1600 Chinese assemble in Hong Kong for the Chinese Congress on World Evangelization; Islamic World Congress calls for withdrawal of Christian missionaries; ''Peace Child'' by [[Don Richardson (missionary)|Don Richardson]] appears in ''Reader's Digest.''
* 1977 – Evangelical Fellowship of India sponsors the All-India Congress on Mission and Evangelization<ref name=kanep112/>
* 1978 – LCWE Consultation on Gospel and Culture in Willowbank, Bermuda;<ref>Moreau, p. 244</ref> [[Columbans]] enter [[Taiwan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columban.com/histtai.htm |title=Columban History In Taiwan |work=Columban.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106051922/http://www.columban.com/histtai.htm |archive-date=2009-01-06 }}</ref>
* 1979 – Production of [[Jesus (1979 film)|JESUS film]] commissioned by [[Bill Bright]] of [[Campus Crusade for Christ]];<ref>Gailey, pp. 160-161</ref> Ted Fletcher founds Pioneers, a missionary agency with a focus on "unreached people groups";<ref>[http://www.missionfrontiers.org/1991/0405/am912.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927044447/http://www.missionfrontiers.org/1991/0405/am912.htm|date=September 27, 2011}}</ref> [[Columbans|Columban missionaries]] enter [[Pakistan]] at the request of the Bishop of Lahore<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columban.com/histpak.htm |title=Columban Mission History In Pakistan |work=Columban.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106015736/http://www.columban.com/histpak.htm |archive-date=2009-01-06 }}</ref>
* 1980 – Philippine Congress on Discipling a Whole Nation;<ref>Winter, Ralph D., Steven C. Hawthorne, Darrell R. Dorr, D. Bruce Graham, Bruce A. Koch, eds. ''Perspectives on the World Christian Movement: Reader'', William Carey Library Publishers, 1999, p. 536</ref> Lausanne Congress on World Evangelism Conference in Pattaya<ref>Moreau, p. 1049</ref>
* 1981 – Colombian terrorists kidnap and kill [[Wycliffe Bible Translators|Wycliffe Bible Translator]] [[Chet Bitterman]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ciu.edu/news/chetbitterman/|title=CIU News|work=Columbia International University|access-date=1 March 2015}}</ref> Project Pearl: one million Bibles are delivered in a single night to thousands of waiting believers in China<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opendoorsuk.org.uk/press/articles/archives/000811.php |title=Press Articles: CHINA-Project Pearl, Then and Now |publisher=Open Doors UK |date=1981-06-18 |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050906065321/http://www.opendoorsuk.org.uk/press/articles/archives/000811.php |archive-date = September 6, 2005}}</ref>
* 1982 – Story on "The New Missionary" makes December 27 cover of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine;<ref>Tucker, p. 437{{verify source|date=August 2013}}</ref> Andes Evangelical Mission (formerly Bolivian Indian Mission) merges into [[Serving In Mission|SIM]] (formerly Sudan Interior Mission)<ref>Anderson, p. 11</ref>
* 1983 – Missionary Athletes International, a global soccer ministry, founded by Tim Conrad<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maisoccer.com/history.HTML |title=History of MAI |work=Maisoccer.com |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208172150/http://maisoccer.com/history.HTML |archive-date=2012-02-08 }}</ref>
* 1984 – Founding of The Mission Society for United Methodists, a voluntary missionary sending agency within the United Methodist Church; rebranded in 2006 to The Mission Society; Founding of STEM (Short Term Evangelical Mission teams) ministry by Roger Petersen signals the rising importance of [[Short-term missions]] groups
* 1985 – Founding of [[Every Child Ministries]], a mission organization focused on African children and youth, with special attention to groups of neglected, abused or marginalized children, founded by John and Lorella Rouster with DR Congo (then Zaire) as its first field of service<ref>Mission Handbook 1998-2000, Monrovia, CA:MARC,1997, p. 158</ref>
* 1985 – Howard Foltz founds Accelerating International Mission Strategies (AIMS)<ref>{{cite web |title=Advisory Board |url=http://missionaryoutreach.net/?page_id=7 |publisher=Missionary Outreach Support Services |access-date=14 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723210609/http://missionaryoutreach.net/?page_id=7 |archive-date=23 July 2011 }}</ref>
* 1987 – Second International Conference on [[Missionary Kids]] (MKs) held in [[Quito]], [[Ecuador]]
* 1989 – Missionary pathologist, Dr. Ron Guderian, develops cure for and helps to elimatinate River Blindless in [[Ecuador]]. He also develops cure that reverses effect of snake venom, saving the lives of many within very rural villages in Ecuador. This leads to many conversions in Ecuador.
* 1989 – The International Christian Fellowship, a small mission organisation operating in Sri Lanka, south India and the Philippines, became part of [[SIM (Christian organization)|SIM]]. The Lausanne Congress II on World Evangelization [[Lausanne II]], an evangelical world missions conference, takes place in Manila / Philippines; the concept of [[10/40 Window]] emerges;<ref>Gailey, pp. 159-160</ref> Adventures In Missions (Georgia) (AIM) [[Short-term missions]] agency founded by Seth Barnes; "Ee-Taow" video released by New Tribes Mission. 
* 1990 – [[Youth With A Mission|YWAM]] missionaries Jeff and Els Woodke begin work with Tuareg and Wodaabe pastoralists in Abalak, Niger.
* 1991 – The Marxist government of [[Ethiopia]] is overthrown and missionaries are able to return to that country
* 1992 – [[World Gospel Mission]] (National Holiness Missionary Society) starts work in [[Uganda]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wgm.org/NETCOMMUNITY/Page.aspx?&pid=422&srcid=890 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416043021/http://www.wgm.org/NETCOMMUNITY/Page.aspx?&pid=422&srcid=890 |archive-date=2013-04-16 |title=World Gospel Mission – Uganda – History |work=Wgm.org |access-date=2010-07-10 }}</ref>
* 1993 – Trans World Radio starts broadcasting from a 250,000-watt shortwave transmitter in Russia;<ref name="twr.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.twr.org/about/history/overview |title=History &#124; TWR (Trans World Radio) |publisher=TWR |access-date=2010-07-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080615015246/http://www.twr.org/about/history/overview |archive-date = June 15, 2008}}</ref> [[Anglican Frontier Missions]] founded
* 1994 – Liibaan Ibraahim Hassan, a convert to Christianity in [[Somalia]], is martyred by Islamic militants in the capital city of [[Mogadishu]];
* 1995 – Missionary Don Cox abducted in [[Quito]], Ecuador<ref>Schwanz, Keith. ''Shouts at Sunrise: The Abuction and Rescue of Don Cox'', Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City, 2006</ref>
* 1996 – Nazarenes enter Hungary, [[Kazakhstan]], [[Pakistan]]
* 1997 – Foreign Mission Board and Home Mission Board of [[Southern Baptist Convention]] become the [[International Mission Board]] and [[North American Mission Board]] with ten thousand missionaries
* 1998 – [[Ambrosios-Aristotelis Zografos]] arrives in Seoul. African Evangelical Fellowship (AEF) merges with [[SIM (Christian organization)|SIM]].
* 1999 – [[Trans World Radio]] goes on the air from [[Grigoriopol]] (Moldova) using a 1-million-watt AM transmitter;<ref name="twr.org"/> Veteran Australian missionary Graham Stuart Staines and his two sons are burned alive by [[Hindu]] extremists as they are sleeping in a car in eastern India.

==2000 to present==
{{Main|Christianity in the 21st century}}
{{See also|Timeline of Christianity#21st century}}
* 2000 – Asia College of Ministry (ACOM), a ministry of Asia Evangelistic Fellowship (AEF),<ref>{{cite web|title=Asia Evangelistic Fellowship|url=http://www.aefi.org.au/|access-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219033531/http://www.aefi.org.au/|archive-date=2011-02-19}}</ref> was launched by Jonathan James, to train national missionaries in Asia.
* 2001 – [[New Tribes Mission|New Tribes]] Missionaries [[Gracia Burnham|Martin and Gracia Burnham]] are kidnapped in the Philippines by Muslim terrorist group; [[Baptist]] missionary Roni Bowers and her infant daughter are killed when a Peruvian Air Force jet fires on their small float-plane. Though severely wounded in both legs, missionary pilot Kevin Donaldson landed the burning plane on the Amazon River.
* 2003 – Publication of ''[[Back To Jerusalem]]: Called to Complete the Great Commission'' – Three Chinese Church Leaders with Paul Hattaway brings Chinese and Korean mission movement to forefront; Coptic priest Fr. [[Zakaria Botros]] begins his television and internet mission to Muslims in North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and western countries, resulting in thousands of conversions.
* 2004 – Four [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptist]] missionaries are killed by gunman in [[Iraq]]
* 2005 – Korean Catholic Bible completed, the first translation of the entire Bible into modern Korean language.
* 2006 – [[Abdul Rahman (convert)|Abdul Rahman]], an Afghan Christian convert, is forced out of Afghanistan by local Muslim leaders and exiled to Italy. Missionary Vijay Kumar is publicly stoned by Hindu extremists for Christian preaching.
* 2007 – [[Australian Kriol language|Kriol]] Bible completed, the first translation of the entire Bible into an [[Indigenous Australians|Australian indigenous]] language<ref>[http://www.biblenetworknews.com/asiapacific/051107_australia.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112133911/http://www.biblenetworknews.com/asiapacific/051107_australia.html|date=January 12, 2012}}</ref>
* 2010 – The [[Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization#Cape Town 2010|Third Lausanne Congress on World Evangelization]] held in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]]
* 2012 – A study by political scientist Robert Woodberry, focusing on Protestant missionaries, found that they have often left a very positive societal impact in the areas where they worked. "In cross-national statistical analysis Protestant missions are significantly and robustly associated with higher levels of printing, education, economic development, organizational civil society, protection of private property, and rule of law and with lower levels of corruption".<ref>Robert D. Woodberry, [http://www.hillcountryinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/missionaryrootsofliberaldemocracy.pdf "The Missionary Roots of Liberal Democracy." ''American Political Science Review'' (2012) 106#2: 244–274. online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809065449/http://www.hillcountryinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/missionaryrootsofliberaldemocracy.pdf |date=2017-08-09 }}</ref>
*2016 – MECO UK and Ireland merge with [[SIM (Christian organization)|SIM]].
*2019 – Vatican holds [[Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon region|synod on the evangelization of the Amazon]].

==See also==
* [[Missionary]]
*[[Christianity and colonialism]]
*[[Evangelism]]
*[[Indigenous church mission theory]]
*[[Missiology]]
*[[Mission (Christianity)]]
**[[Catholic missions]]
* [[List of Christian Missionaries]]
*[[Missionary kid]]
*[[Missionary religious institutes and societies]]
*[[Proselytism]]
*[[Religious conversion]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{Citation |editor-last=Anderson |editor-first=Gerald H. |year=1998 |title=Biographical dictionary of Christian missions |publisher=Simon & Schuster Macmillan}}
*Bainbridge, William F. '' Around the World Tour of Christian Missions: A Universal Survey'' (1882) 583 pages; [https://archive.org/details/cu31924023021078 <!-- quote=intitle:world intitle:missions. --> full text online]
*Barrett, David, ed. ''World Christian Encyclopedia'', Oxford University Press, 1982
* Bliss, Edwin Munsell, ed. ''The Encyclopaedia of missions. Descriptive, historical, biographical, statistical. With a full assortment of maps, a complete bibliography, and lists of Bible version, missionary societies, mission stations, and a general index'' [https://archive.org/details/cu31924007739273 online vol 1 1891, 724pp]; [https://archive.org/details/cu31924063571099 online vol 2 1891, 726pp]
* Copplestone, J. Tremayne. ''History of Methodist Missions, vol. 4: Twentieth-Century Perspectives'' (1973), 1288 pp; [https://archive.org/details/historyofmethodi04barc comprehensive world coverage for Methodists -- online]dh
* Cox, Jeffrey. ''The British Missionary Enterprise since 1700'' (2008).
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Denzinger |editor1-first=Heinrich |editor2-last=Hünermann |editor2-first=Peter |date=2012 |title=Enchiridion symbolorum: a compendium of creeds, definitions and declarations of the Catholic Church |edition=43rd |location=San Francisco |publisher=Ignatius Press |isbn=978-0898707465}}
*Etherington, Norman, ed. ''Missions and Empire'' (Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series) (2008)
*Gailey, Charles R. and Howard Culbertson. ''Discovering Missions'', Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City, 2007
*Glazier, Michael and Monika K. Hellwig, eds., ''The Modern Catholic Encyclopedia'', Liturgical Press, 2004
*Glover, Robert H. ''The Progress of World-Wide Missions'', rev. by J. Herbert Kane., Harper and Row, 1960
*Herbermann, Charles George. ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', The Encycylopedia Press, 1913
*Herzog, Johann Jakob, Philip Schaff, and Albert Hauck. ''The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge'', 12 volumes, Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1910–11
*Kane, J. Herbert. ''A Concise History of the Christian World Mission'', Baker, 1982
*{{cite book|author=Koschorke, Klaus|title=A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1450-1990: A Documentary Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbq6fkyp698C&pg=PA389|year=2007|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|display-authors=etal|isbn=978-0-8028-2889-7}} [https://www.amazon.com/History-Christianity-Africa-America-1450-1990/dp/0802828892/ excerpt and text search and highly detailed table of contents]
*Laroutette, Kenneth Scott. ''A History of Christianity'', 2 vol 1975
*Latourette, Kenneth Scott. ''A History of the Expansion of Christianity'', 7 volumes, (1938–45), the most detailed scholarly history [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28expansion%29%20AND%20creator%3A%28latourette%29 online in 7 volumes]
* Mason, Alfred DeWitt. ''Outlines of missionary history'' (1912) [https://archive.org/details/outlinesofmissio00maso online]  362pp
*Moreau, A. Scott, David Burnett, Charles Edward van Engen and [[Harold A. Netland]]. ''Evangelical Dictionary of World Missions'', Baker Book House Company, 2000
*Neill, Stephen. ''A History of Christian Missions''. Penguin Books, 1986; Comprehensive survey
*Newcomb, Harvey. ''A Cyclopedia of Missions: Containing a Comprehensive View of Missionary Operations Throughout the World : with Geographical Descriptions, and Accounts of the Social, Moral, and Religious Condition of the People'' (1860) 792 pages [https://archive.org/details/acyclopediamiss02newcgoog <!-- quote=intitle:world intitle:missions. --> complete text online]
*Olson, C. Gordon. ''What in the World is God Doing?'' Global Gospel Publishers, 2003
*Parker, J. Fred. ''Mission to the World''. Nazarene Publishing House, 1988
*Pocock, Michael, Gailyn Van Rheenen, Douglas McConnell. ''The Changing Face of World Missions: Engaging Contemporary Issues And Trends'' (2005); 391 pages
* Robinson, Charles H. ''History of Christian missions'' (1915), Comprehensive coverage; [https://archive.org/details/historyofchristi00robiuoft/page/208 online]
* Shedd, Clarence Prouty. ''Two centuries of student Christian movements: Their origin and intercollegiate life'' (1934) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88927 online].
* Tejirian, Eleanor H.,  and Reeva Spector Simon, eds. ''Conflict, Conquest, and Conversion: Two Thousand Years of Christian Missions in the Middle East'' (Columbia University Press; 2012) 280 pages;  focus on the 19th and 20th centuries.
* Tiedemann, R.G. ''Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century'' (2009).
*{{Citation |last=Tucker |first=Ruth |title=From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya |year=2004}}
*{{Citation |last=Tucker |first=Ruth |title=Guardians of the Great Commission  |year=1988}}
* Udy, James Stuart. A "Attitudes within the Protestant churches of the Occident towards the propagation of Christianity in the Orient: an historical survey to 1914" (PhD. Dissertation. Boston University, 1952) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210420123023/https://open.bu.edu/bitstream/handle/2144/23978/Udy_James_1952_web.pdf?sequence=1 online; major scholarly history]
*Walker, Williston. ''A History of the Christian Church''. 1959
* Young, Richard Fox, ed. '' 'Studies in the History of Christian Missions: Essays in Honor of Robert Eric Frykenberg'' (2009) [https://archive.org/details/StudiesInTheHistoryOfChristianMissionsEssaysInHonorOfRobertEricFrykenbergRichardFoxYoung/page/n7 Online], 14 scholarly essays on India.

==External links==
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%28missionary+history%29&sort=-date Complete text of 200+ missionary histories pre-1923]

{{Timeline of religion}}
{{Christian History}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Christian Missions}}
[[Category:Christian missions]]
[[Category:Timelines of Christianity|Christian missions]]