View source for Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes

{{short description|none}}
This '''timeline of artificial satellites and space probes''' includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites from each country are included. Not included are most [[Timeline of Earth science satellites|Earth science satellites]], [[List of communications satellite firsts|commercial satellites]] or [[List of human spaceflights|crewed missions]].

==Timeline==
{{Incomplete list|date=April 2015}}

=== 1950s ===
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ class="nowrap" | Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1950s
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Date
! scope="col" | Origin
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Launch vehicle
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" | Mass
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1957
| October 4 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Sputnik 1]] || [[Sputnik (rocket)|Sputnik-PS]]
| {{success}} || The first human-made object to orbit Earth.
| 83.6&nbsp;kg (183.9&nbsp;lb)
|-
| November 3 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Sputnik 2]] || [[Sputnik (rocket)|Sputnik-PS]]
| {{success}} || The first satellite to carry a living animal, a dog named [[Laika]].
| 508&nbsp;kg (1,118&nbsp;lb)
|-
| December 6 || {{flag|US}} || [[Vanguard 1A]] || [[Vanguard TV3|Vanguard TV-3]]
| {{failure}} || The first stage engine was improperly started, causing the vehicle to fall back to the launch pad immediately after launch and explode.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Vanguard: A History|last1=Green|first1=Constance McLaughlin|last2=Lomask|first2=Milton|publisher=Scientific and Technical Information Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration|year=1970|pages=283–287}}</ref>
|1.36&nbsp;kg (2.99&nbsp;lb)
|-
| rowspan="17" |1958
| February 1 || {{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 1]] || [[Juno I]]
| {{success}} || The first American satellite in space.<ref name=":1" />
| 13.91&nbsp;kg (30.66&nbsp;lb)
|-
| February 5 || {{flag|US}} || [[Vanguard 1B]] || [[Vanguard TV3BU|Vanguard TV-3BU]]
| {{failure}} || Control failure caused vehicle breakup at T+57 seconds as vehicle exceeded an angle of attack of 45° due to a control system malfunction.<ref name=":1" />
| 1.36&nbsp;kg (2.99&nbsp;lb)
|-
| March 5 || {{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 2]] || [[Juno I]]
| {{failure}} || Failed to orbit. Fourth stage did not ignite.<ref name=":1" />
| 14.52&nbsp;kg (31.94&nbsp;lb)
|-
| March 17 || {{flag|US}} || [[Vanguard 1|Vanguard 1C]] || [[Vanguard (rocket)|Vanguard TV-4]]
| {{success}} || Vanguard 1. Expected to de-orbit in ~2240AD, this and its upper launch stage are the oldest human-made objects in space. Also the first use of solar cells to power a satellite.<ref name=":1" />
| 1.47&nbsp;kg (3.25&nbsp;lb)
|-
| March 26 || {{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 3]] || [[Juno I]]
| {{success}} || Added to data received by Explorer 1.<ref name=":1" />
| 14.1&nbsp;kg (31.0&nbsp;lb)
|-
| April 29 || {{flag|US}} || [[Vanguard 2|Vanguard 2A]] || [[Vanguard TV5|Vanguard TV-5]]
| {{failure}} || Second stage shutdown sequence not completed, preventing proper 3rd stage separation and firing. Did not reach orbit.<ref name=":1" />
| 9.98&nbsp;kg (21.96&nbsp;lb)
|-
| May 15 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Sputnik 3]] ||[[Sputnik (rocket)|Sputnik]]
| {{success}} || Contained 12 instruments for a wide range of upper atmosphere tests.
| 1,327&nbsp;kg (2,926&nbsp;lb)
|-
| May 28 || {{flag|US}} || [[Vanguard 2|Vanguard 2B]] || [[Vanguard SLV-1]]
| {{failure}} || The first production model of the series. Nominal flight until a guidance error was encountered on second stage burnout. Did not reach orbit.<ref name=":1" />
| 9.98&nbsp;kg (21.96&nbsp;lb)
|-
|June 26 || {{flag|US}} ||[[Vanguard 2|Vanguard 2C]] || [[Vanguard SLV-1|Vanguard SLV-2]]
|{{failure}} || Premature second stage cutoff prevented third stage operation. Did not reach orbit.<ref name=":1" />
| 9.98&nbsp;kg (21.96&nbsp;lb)
|-
| July 26 || {{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 4]] ||[[Juno I]]
| {{success}} || Expanded data set of previous Explorer missions and collected data from Argus high-altitude nuclear explosions.<ref name=":1" />
| 11.7&nbsp;kg (25.8&nbsp;lb)
|-
| August 17 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer 0]] || [[Thor-Able|Thor-Able 1]]
| {{failure}} || Failed to orbit. First stage engine failure caused explosion at T+77 seconds.
| 38&nbsp;kg (84&nbsp;lb)
|-
| August 24 || {{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 5]] || [[Juno I]]
| {{failure}} || On-board instruments damaged on first stage separation. Failed to orbit.<ref name=":1" />
| 11.7&nbsp;kg (25.8&nbsp;lb)
|-
| September 26 || {{flag|US}} || [[Vanguard 2|Vanguard 2D]] || [[Vanguard SLV-1|Vanguard SLV-3]]
| {{failure}} || Second stage under-performed, lacking only ~76&nbsp;m/s (~250 fps) required to achieve orbit.<ref name=":1" />
| 10.6&nbsp;kg (23.3&nbsp;lb)
|-
| October 11 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer 1]] || [[Thor-Able|Thor-Able 1]]
| {{partial success}} || First spacecraft launched by NASA. Studied Earth's magnetic fields. Third stage provided insufficient thrust to reach the Moon, leaving it sub-orbital.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/pocketstats/sect%20B/MLR.pdf|title=NASA Major Launch Record|website=history.nasa.gov|access-date=February 24, 2017}}</ref>
| 38&nbsp;kg (84&nbsp;lb)
|-
| October 22 || {{flag|US}} || [[Project Beacon|Beacon 1]] || [[Jupiter-C]]
| {{failure}} || A thin plastic sphere (12-feet in diameter) intended to study atmosphere density.<ref name=":0" /> Payload dropped due to rotational vibrations.<ref name=":1" />
| 4.2&nbsp;kg (9.2&nbsp;lb)
|-
| November 8 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer 2]] || [[Thor-Able|Thor-Able 1]]
| {{failure}} || Briefly provided further data on Earth's magnetic field. Third stage provided insufficient thrust to reach the vicinity of the Moon.<ref name=":0" />
| 38&nbsp;kg (83&nbsp;lb)
|-
| December 6 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer 3]] || [[Juno II]]
| {{partial success}} || Did not reach the Moon as intended, but discovered a second radiation belt around Earth.<ref name=":0" />
| 5.9&nbsp;kg (13.0&nbsp;lb)
|-
| rowspan="23" |1959
| January 2 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 1]] || [[Luna (rocket)|Luna]]
| {{partial success}} || The first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the [[Moon]], and the first spacecraft to be placed in [[heliocentric orbit]].
| 361&nbsp;kg (794.2&nbsp;lb)
|-
|January 21
|{{flag|US}}
|[[CORONA (satellite)|Discoverer Zero]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{failure}}
|Accessory rockets ignited on pad during fueling. Part of Corona satellite development program. Upper stage consisted entirely of dummy components.
|618&nbsp;kg (1362.5&nbsp;lb)
|-
| February 17 || {{flag|US}} || [[Vanguard 2|Vanguard 2E]] || [[Vanguard (rocket)|Vanguard SLV-4]]
| {{success}} || Vanguard 2. Measured cloud cover. First attempted photo of Earth from a satellite; precession motion resulted in difficulty interpreting data (see [[first images of Earth from space]]).<ref name=":0" />
| 10.8&nbsp;kg (23.7&nbsp;lb)
|-
|February 28
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Discoverer 1]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{success}}
|Reached orbit with an apogee of 605 miles and a perigee of 99 miles.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perry |first=Robert |title=A History of Satellite Reconnaissance Volume 1 - Corona |date=October 1973 |publisher=National Reconnaissance Office |pages=89}}</ref> First spacecraft placed in polar orbit. Part of Corona satellite development program.
|618&nbsp;kg (1362.5&nbsp;lb)
|-
| March 3 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer 4]] || [[Juno II]]
| {{success}} || Passed within 60,030&nbsp;km (37,300&nbsp;mi) of the Moon into a heliocentric orbit, returning excellent radiation data.<ref name=":0" />
| 6.1&nbsp;kg (13.4&nbsp;lb)
|-
| April 13 || {{flag|US}} ||[[Vanguard 3|Vanguard 3A]] || [[Vanguard (rocket)|Vanguard SLV-5]]
| {{failure}} || Failed to orbit. Second stage hydraulics failure led to loss of control, damaged at launch. Two spheres included as payload.<ref name=":0" />
| 10.3&nbsp;kg (22.7&nbsp;lb)
|-
|April 13
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Discoverer 2]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{success}}
|Successful orbit, first satellite to be stabilized in orbit in all 3 axes. Recovery capsule ejected early, landed near Spitzbergen and was not recovered. Part of Corona satellite development program. 
|784&nbsp;kg (1728&nbsp;lb)
|-
|June 3
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Discoverer 3]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{failure}}
|Failed to reach orbit. Agena stage failed to produce thrust. Part of Corona satellite development program.  Cover story was a biomedical study of 4 live mice onboard.
|843&nbsp;kg (1858&nbsp;lb)
|-
| June 22 || {{flag|US}} ||[[Vanguard 3|Vanguard 3B]] || [[Vanguard (rocket)|Vanguard SLV-6]]
| {{failure}} || Failed to orbit. Second stage exploded due to stuck helium vent valve. Intended to measure weather effects related to solar-Earth heating processes.<ref name=":0" />
| 10.3&nbsp;kg (22.7&nbsp;lb)
|-
|June 25
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Discoverer 4]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{failure}}
|Failed to reach orbit. Agena stage failed to produce thrust.  Part of Corona satellite development program. First satellite to contain full Corona optics. Also known as Corona 9001.
|870&nbsp;kg (1920&nbsp;lb)
|-
| July 16 || {{flag|US}} || [[S-1 (satellite)|Explorer S-1]] || [[Juno II]]
| {{failure}} || Did not achieve orbit. Guidance system power malfunction. Destroyed by range safety officer at T+5.5s.<ref name=":0" />
| 41.5&nbsp;kg (91.3&nbsp;lb)
|-
| August 7 || {{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 6]] || [[Thor-Able|Thor-Able 3]]
| {{success}} || Included instruments to study particles and meteorology.<ref name=":0" />
| 64.4&nbsp;kg (141.7&nbsp;lb)
|-
|August 13
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Discoverer 5]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{partial success}}
|Successfully reached 193 kilometers (120 mi) x 353 kilometers (219 mi) [[polar orbit]]. Camera failed after first orbit. Recovery capsule boosted into higher orbit and was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9002
|870&nbsp;kg (1920&nbsp;lb)
|-
| August 14 ||| {{flag|US}} || [[Project Beacon|Beacon 2]] || [[Juno II]]
| {{failure}} || Premature cutoff of first stage caused upper stage malfunction.<ref name=":0" />
| 4.5&nbsp;kg (9.9&nbsp;lb)
|-
|August 19
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Discoverer 6]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{partial success}}
|Successfully reached 212 kilometers (132 mi) x 848 kilometers (527 mi) [[polar orbit]]. Camera failed after second orbit. Recovery capsule was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9003
|870&nbsp;kg (1920&nbsp;lb)
|-
| September 12 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 2]] || [[Luna (rocket)|Luna]]
| {{success}} || The first spacecraft [[Moon landing|to reach the surface of the Moon]], and the first human-made object to land on another celestial body.
| 390.2&nbsp;kg (858.4&nbsp;lb)
|-
| September 18 || {{flag|US}}|| [[Vanguard 3]] || [[Vanguard (rocket)|Vanguard TV-4BU]]
| {{success}} ||Incorporated Allegany Ballistics Laboratory X248 A2 as third stage.<ref name=":1" /> Solar-powered sphere measured radiation belts and micrometeorite impacts.<ref name=":0" />
| 22.7&nbsp;kg (50.0&nbsp;lb)
|-
| October 4 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 3]] || [[Luna (rocket)|Luna]]
| {{success}} || The first mission to photograph the [[far side of the Moon]].
| 278.5&nbsp;kg (614&nbsp;lb)
|-
| October 13 || {{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 7]] || [[Juno II]]
| {{success}} ||Provided data on energetic particles, radiation, and magnetic storms. Also recorded the first micrometeorite penetration of a sensor.<ref name=":0" />
| 41.5&nbsp;kg (69.4&nbsp;lb)
|-
|November 7
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Discoverer 7]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{partial success}}
|Successfully reached 159 kilometers (99 mi) x 847 kilometers (526 mi) [[polar orbit]]. Recovery capsule failed to separate. Also known as Corona 9004
|920&nbsp;kg (2030&nbsp;lb)
|-
|November 20
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Discoverer 8]]
|[[Thor-Agena|Thor-Agena A]]
|{{Partial success}}
|Successfully reached 187 kilometers (116 mi) x 1,679 kilometers (1,043 mi) [[polar orbit]]. Film broken during operation. Recovery capsule correctly separated and re-entered. Parachute failed to open and capsule was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9005.
|835&nbsp;kg (1841&nbsp;lb)
|-
| November 26 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer P-3]] || [[Atlas-Able|Atlas-Able 20]]
| {{failure}} || Lunar orbiter probe; payload shroud failed at T+45 seconds, resulting in disintegration of upper stages and payload.<ref name=":0" />
| 168.7&nbsp;kg (371.1&nbsp;lb)
|}

===1960s===
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ class="nowrap" | Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1960s
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Launch date
! scope="col" | Origin
! scope="col" | Name 
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Launch vehicle
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Target
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1960
| March 11 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer 5]]
| [[Thor-Able]] || Sun
| {{success}} || Solar monitor. Measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-5/in-depth/|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 5 – Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|work=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2018-10-14}}</ref>
|-
| May 15 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Korabl-Sputnik 1]]
| [[Vostok-L]] || Earth
| {{success}} || First test flight of the Soviet [[Vostok programme]], and the first [[Vostok spacecraft]]
|-
|April 1 ||  {{flag|US}} ||  [[TIROS-1]] 
|  [[Thor-Able]] || Earth
| {{success}} || '''TIROS-1''' (or '''TIROS-A''') was the first successful low-Earth orbital [[weather satellite]], and the first of a series of [[Television Infrared Observation Satellite]]s.
|-
| August 19 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Korabl-Sputnik 2]] 
| [[Vostok-L]] || Earth
| {{success}} || First spaceflight to send animals into orbit and return them safely back to Earth
|-
| November 3 ||{{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 8]]
| [[Juno II]] || Earth
| {{Partial success}} || Battery power failed early, and data had to be processed by hand. In spite of this, new information about the ionosphere has been discovered
|-
| rowspan="5" |1961
| February 12 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Venera 1]]
| [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya 8K78]] || [[Venus]]
| {{Partial success}} || First [[interplanetary flight]], contact lost en route, before it performed the first [[Flyby (spaceflight)|flyby]] at another planet.
|-
| April 27  ||{{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 11]]
| [[Juno II]] || Earth
| {{Partial success}} || Was the first space-borne gamma-ray telescope. Limited Battery Power restricted the data collection to the ascension stage.
|-
|August 16
|{{Flag|US}}
|[[Explorer 12|Explorer 12 (EPE-A)]]
|[[Thor-Delta|Thor-Delta A]]
|Earth
|{{Partial success}}
|The spacecraft functioned well until 6 December 1961, when it ceased transmitting data apparently as a result of failures in the power system.
|-
| August 23 ||{{flag|US}} || [[Ranger 1]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{failure}} || Rocket malfunction left the spacecraft stranded in low Earth orbit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-1/|title=Ranger 1|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
| November 18 || {{flag|US}} || [[Ranger 2]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{failure}} || Booster rocket malfunction trapped spacecraft in low Earth orbit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-2/|title=Ranger 2|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" |1962
| January 26 || {{flag|US}} || [[Ranger 3]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{failure}} || NASA's first attempt to land a spacecraft on the Moon. A series of malfunctions sent spacecraft hurtling past the Moon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-3/|title=Ranger 3|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
| April 23 || {{flag|US}} || [[Ranger 4]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{partial failure}} || Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the [[far side of the Moon]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-4/|title=Ranger 4|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Discussion |journal=Space Policy |volume=14 |issue=1 |year=1998 |pages=5–8 |doi=10.1016/S0265-9646(97)00038-6 |bibcode=1998SpPol..14....5. }}</ref>
|-
| April 26 || {{flag|UK}} || [[Ariel 1]]
| [[Thor-Delta]] || Earth
| {{success}} || First British satellite in space (on American rocket)
|-
| July 10 || {{flag|US}} || [[Telstar 1]] 
| [[Thor-Delta]] || Earth
| {{success}} || Communication satellite
|-
| July 22 || {{flag|US}} || [[Mariner 1]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Venus
| {{failure}} || Software related guidance system failure, range safety officer ordered destroyed after 294.5 seconds after launch.
|-
| August 27 || {{flag|US}} || [[Mariner 2]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Venus
| {{success}} || First spacecraft to visit another planet
|-
| September 29|| {{flag|Canada|1957}} || [[Alouette 1]] 
| [[Thor-Agena]] || Earth
| {{success}} || First Canadian satellite (on American rocket), first satellite not constructed by the US or USSR
|-
|October 2
|{{Flag|US}}
|[[Explorer 14|Explorer 14 (EPE-B)]]
|[[Thor-Delta|Thor-Delta A]]
|Earth
|{{Success}}
|[[NASA]] spacecraft instrumented to measure cosmic-ray particles, trapped particles, solar wind protons, and [[Magnetosphere|magnetospheric]] and [[interplanetary magnetic field]]s.
|-
| October 18 || {{flag|US}} || [[Ranger 5]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{failure}} || Malfunction in the spacecraft's batteries caused them to drain after 8 hours, leaving it inoperable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-5/|title=Ranger 5|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |1963
|February 14
|{{flag|US}}
|[Syncom | [[Syncom|Syncom 1]]
|[[Delta (rocket family)|Delta B]]
|Earth
|{{failure}} ||Failed to reach desired orbit - went silent seconds after apogee kick motor ignited.
|-
|July 26
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Syncom|Syncom 2]]
|[[Delta (rocket family)|Delta B]]
|Earth
|{{success}} ||First successful television broadcast through a geosynchronous satellite.
|-
| First pair - October 17 || {{flag|US}} || [[Vela 1A]] and [[Vela 1B]] 
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Earth
| {{success}} || Series of satellites to monitor compliance to the 1963 [[Partial Test Ban Treaty]]
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1964
| February 2 || {{flag|US}} || [[Ranger 6]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{success}} || Lunar impactor. Successful impact but power failure resulted in no pictures.
|-
| March 27 || {{flag|UK}} || [[Ariel 2]] 
| [[Scout (rocket family)|Scout X-3]]|| Earth
| {{success}} || First Radio Astronomy Satellite (on American rocket)
|-
| July 31 || {{flag|US}} ||[[Ranger 7]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{success}} ||Lunar impactor. Returned pictures until impact.
|-
| November 28 || {{flag|US}} || [[Mariner 4]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Mars
| {{success}} || First deep space photographs of another planet and first flyby of Mars
|-
| December 15 || {{flag|Italy}} || [[San Marco 1]] 
| [[Scout (rocket family)|Scout X-4]]|| Earth
| {{success}} || First Italian satellite (on American rocket)
|-
| rowspan="6" |1965
| February 2 || {{flag|US}} || [[Ranger 8]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{success}} || Lunar impactor. Returned pictures until impact.
|-
| February 20 || {{flag|US}} || [[Ranger 9]]
| [[Atlas-Agena]] || Moon
| {{success}} || Lunar impactor. Live TV broadcast until impact.
|-
| April 6 || {{flag|US}} || [[Intelsat I]]
| [[Delta D]] || Earth
| {{success}} || First commercial communications satellite in orbit. Was operated off and on until 1990.
|-
| November 26 || {{flag|France}} || [[Astérix (satellite)|Asterix]]
| [[Diamant]] A|| Earth
| {{success}} || First French satellite. First orbital launch outside U.S. and Soviet Union.
|-
| November 29 || {{flag|Canada}} || [[Alouette 2]]
| [[Thor-Agena]] || Earth
| {{success}} || Research satellite designed to explore Earth's ionosphere
|-
| December 16 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9|Pioneer 6]]
| [[Delta E]] || Sun
| {{success}} || A series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space.<ref name="NASA">{{cite web |title=Pioneer 6: NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1965-105A |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-105A |publisher=NASA |access-date=9 September 2018}} {{NASA}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1966
| January 31 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 9]]
| [[Molniya (rocket)|Molniya M]] || Moon
| {{success}} || First spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, or any planetary body other than Earth, and to transmit photographic data to Earth from the surface of another planetary body.
|-
| February 17 || {{flag|France}} || Diapason
| [[Diamant]] A || Earth
| {{success}} || Earth measurement by doppler radio measure
|-
| June 2 || {{flag|US}} || [[Surveyor 1]]
| [[Atlas-Centaur]] || Moon
| {{success}} || First US soft landing; Surveyor program performed various tests in support of forthcoming crewed landings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Surveyor 1: NSSDCA/COSPAR ID: 1966-045A |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-045A |publisher=NASA}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
| July 1 || {{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 33]]
| [[Delta E]]1 || Earth
| {{partial success}} || Was intended to orbit the Moon but instead orbited the Earth. Explored solar winds, interplanetary plasma, and solar X-rays.
|-
| August 10 || {{flag|US}} || [[Lunar Orbiter 1]]
| [[Atlas-Agena|Atlas SLV-3 Agena]]-D || Moon
| {{success}} || First US spacecraft to orbit the Moon. Designed to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selecting landing sites.
|-
| August 17 || {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9|Pioneer 7]]
| [[Delta E]]1 || Sun
| {{success}} || A series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space.<ref name="NASA"/>
|-
| September 20 || {{flag|US}} || [[Surveyor 2]]
| [[Atlas-Centaur|Atlas LV-3C Centaur]]-D || Moon
| {{failure}} || Lunar Lander. A failure in one of its three thrusters caused it to lose control and crash into the Moon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-2/|title=Surveyor 2|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
| November 6 || {{flag|US}} || [[Lunar Orbiter 2]]
| [[Atlas-Agena|Atlas SLV-3 Agena]]-D || Moon
| {{success}} || Designed to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface to identify landing sites. 
|-
| rowspan="10" |1967
| January 11|| {{flag|US}} || [[Intelsat II F-2]]
| [[Delta E]]|| Earth
| {{success}} || Operated for 2 years as a communications satellite. Was deactivated in 1969.
|-
| February 8 || {{flag|France}} || Diadème 1
| [[Diamant]] A || Earth
| Partial {{success}} || Orbit slightly too low, considered a partial failure by the booster team. Earth measurement by doppler radio and laser ranging from the ground.
|-
| February 15 || {{flag|France}} || Diadème 2
| [[Diamant]] A || Earth
| {{success}} || Earth measurement by doppler radio and laser ranging from the ground.
|-
| April 17 || {{flag|US}} || [[Surveyor 3]]
| [[Atlas-Centaur|Atlas LV-3C Centaur]]-D || Moon
| {{success}} || Second successful lunar surface lander. Conducted experiments to see how the lunar surface would fare against the weight of an Apollo lunar module.<ref name="Surveyor 3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-3/|title=Surveyor 3|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
|May 5
|{{flag|UK}}
|[[Ariel 3]]
|[[Scout (rocket family)|Scout A]]
|Earth
|{{success}}
|First entirely British built satellite
|-
|July 14
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Surveyor 4]]
|[[Atlas-Centaur|Atlas LV-3C Centaur]]-D
|Moon
|{{failure}}
|Despite a perfect flight to the Moon, communications was lost 2.5 minutes prior to landing. NASA concluded the spacecraft may have exploded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-4/|title=Surveyor 4|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
|September 8
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Surveyor 5]]
|[[Atlas-Agena|Atlas SLV-3 Agena]]-D
|Moon
|{{success}}
|Lunar lander. First spacecraft to do a soil analysis of any world. Returned more than 20,000 photos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-5/|title=Surveyor 5|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
|November 7
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Surveyor 6]]
|[[Atlas-Agena|Atlas SLV-3 Agena]]-D
|Moon
|{{success}}
|Lunar lander. First spacecraft to be launched from the surface of the Moon. It lifted itself to a height of about 3 meters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-6/|title=Surveyor 6|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
|November 29||{{flag|Australia}}||[[WRESAT]]
|[[Sparta (rocket)|Sparta]]|| Earth || {{success}} || First Australian satellite (on American rocket) launched from [[Woomera, Australia]]. Third nation to launch a satellite from its own soil.
|-
|December 13
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9|Pioneer 8]]
|[[Delta E]]1
|Sun
|{{success}}
|A series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space.<ref name="NASA"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1968
|January 7
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Surveyor 7]]
|[[Atlas-Agena|Atlas SLV-3 Agena]]-D
|Moon
|{{success}}
|Lunar lander. Only spacecraft in the series to land in the lunar highland region and had the most extensive set of instruments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-7/|title=Surveyor 7|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-14}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
|November 8
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9|Pioneer 9]]
|[[Delta E]]1
|Sun
|{{success}}
|A series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space.<ref name="NASA" />
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1969
|January 30||{{flag|Canada}}||[[ISIS (satellite)|ISIS 1]]
|[[Delta E]]1|| Earth || {{success}} ||International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS)
|-
|February 25
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Mariner 6 and 7|Mariner 6]]
|[[Atlas-Agena|Atlas SLV-3D Agena-D1A]]
|Mars
|{{success}}
|Mars probe attempting to study the surface and atmosphere of Mars during close flybys to establish a basis for further investigations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-6/|title=Mariner 6|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-13}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
|March 27
|{{flag|US}}
|[[Mariner 6 and 7|Mariner]] 7
|[[Atlas-Agena|Atlas SLV-3D Agena-D1A]]
|Mars
|{{success}}
|Mars probe attempting to study the surface and atmosphere of Mars during close flybys to establish a basis for further investigations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-7/|title=Mariner 7|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-10-13}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|-
|November 8
|{{flag|West Germany}}
|[[Azur (satellite)|Azur / (GRS A) (German Research Satellite)]]
|[[Scout B|Scout B S169C]]
|Earth
|{{success}}
|The scientific mission was to: scan the energy spectra of inner zone protons and electrons; measure the fluxes of electrons of energy greater than 40 keV that are parallel, anti-parallel, and perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force over the auroral zone, and measure associated optical emission; and record solar protons on alert.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-097A|access-date=2020-01-08|title=Azur|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/}}{{NASA}}</ref>
|}

===1970s===
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ class="nowrap" | Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1970s
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
!Launch date
! scope="col" | Origin
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" |Target
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1970 
|February 11|| {{flag|Japan}} || [[Ohsumi (satellite)|Ohsumi]] || rowspan="3" | Earth || {{success}} || First Japanese satellite. Japan became the fourth nation after the USSR, USA and France to successfully put an artificial satellite into orbit on its own.
|-
|March 10
|{{flag|West Germany}}
|DIAL-WIKA
| {{success}}
|Second German satellite. Launch by a French Diamant B from Kourou
|-
|April 24
|{{flag|China}} || [[Dong Fang Hong I]] || {{success}} || First Chinese satellite
|-
|August 7
|{{flag|USSR}} || [[Venera 7]] || Venus || {{success}} || First successful landing of a spacecraft on another planet
|-
|September 2
|{{flag|UK}} || [[Orba (satellite)|Orba]] || Earth || {{failure}} || Second stage of rocket shutdown 13 seconds early
|-
|September 12
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 16]] || rowspan="3" | Moon || {{success}} || Lander is the first automated return of samples from the Moon
|-
|October 20|| [[Zond 8]] || {{success}} || Flyby
|-
|November 10|| [[Luna 17]]/[[Lunokhod 1]] || {{success}} || Lander/[[rover (space exploration)|rover]] is the first automated surface exploration of the Moon
|-
| rowspan="2" |December 12
|{{flag|US}} || [[Uhuru (satellite)|Uhuru]] || rowspan="2" | Earth || {{success}} || First dedicated [[X-ray astronomy]] satellite
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|PEOLE
|{{success}}
|First French communication satellite.
|-
| rowspan="13" |1971
|April 15
|{{Flag|France}}
|Tournesol
| rowspan="2" |Earth
|{{success}}
|First French satellite with active attitude control. Hydrogen measurement.
|-
|April 1
|{{flag|Canada}} || [[ISIS (satellite)|ISIS 2]] || {{success}} ||
|-
|May 9
|{{flag|US}} || [[Mariner 8]] || rowspan="5" | Mars || {{failure}} || Orbiter. Lost due to launch failure.
|-
|May 10
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|USSR}} || [[Cosmos 419]] || {{failure}} || Probe
|-
|May 19|| [[Mars 2]]|| Partial {{failure}} || Orbiter and lander, created the first human artifact on Mars
|-
|May 28|| [[Mars 3]]|| Partial {{success}} || Orbiter and lander, first successful landing on Mars
|-
|May 30
|{{flag|US}} || [[Mariner 9]] || {{success}} || Orbiter, first pictures of Mars' moons ([[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]] and [[Deimos (moon)|Deimos]]) taken
|-
|September 2|| rowspan="2" | {{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 18]] || rowspan="2" | Moon || {{failure}} || Lander
|-
| rowspan="2" |September 28|| [[Luna 19]]|| {{success}} || Orbiter
|-
|{{flag|Japan}} || [[Shinsei (satellite)|Shinsei]]|| rowspan="4" | Earth || {{partial success}} || First Japanese science satellite
|-
|October 28
|{{flag|UK}} || [[Prospero X-3]] || {{success}} || Satellite, first satellite launched by Britain using a British rocket
|-
|December 5
|{{flag|France}}
|Polaire
|{{failure}}
|Second stage explosion
|-
|December 11
|{{flag|UK}} || [[Ariel 4]] || {{success}} ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |1972
|February 17
|{{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 20]] || Moon || {{success}} || Lander
|-
|March 3
|{{flag|US}} || ''[[Pioneer 10]]'' || Jupiter || {{success}} || First spacecraft to encounter Jupiter
|-
|March 27|| {{flag|USSR}} || [[Venera 8]]|| Venus || {{success}} || Lander
|-
|August 21
|{{flag|US}}/{{flag|UK}} || [[Copernicus – Orbiting Astronomical Observatory-3]] || Earth || {{success}} ||
|-
| rowspan="9" |1973
|January 8/11
|{{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 21]]/[[Lunokhod 2]] || Moon || {{success}} || Lander/rover
|-
|April 6
|{{flag|US}} || ''[[Pioneer 11]]'' || Jupiter/Saturn || {{success}} || First spacecraft to encounter Saturn
|-
|May 21
|{{flag|France}}
|Castor/Pollux
|Earth
|{{failure}}
|Reached orbit but the fairing failed to deploy, failing the launch
|-
|June 10
|{{flag|US}} || [[Explorer 49]] || Sun || {{success}} || Solar probe
|-
|July 21
| rowspan="4" |{{flag|USSR}} || [[Mars 4]] || rowspan="4" | Mars || {{failure}} || Orbiter
|-
|July 25|| [[Mars 5]] || {{success}} || Orbiter
|-
|August 5|| [[Mars 6]] || {{failure}} || Orbiter and lander
|-
|August 9|| [[Mars 7]] || {{failure}} || Orbiter and lander
|-
|November 3|| {{flag|US}} || [[Mariner 10]]|| Venus/Mercury || {{success}} || It passed by and photographed Mercury, also was the first dual planet probe
|-
| rowspan="5" |1974
|May 29
|{{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 22]] || Moon || {{success}} || Orbiter
|-
|August 30
|{{flag|Netherlands}}/{{flag|US}}
|[[Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet]] (ANS)
| rowspan="2" |Earth|| {{success}} 
|Discovered X-ray bursts, first Dutch satellite (with US contributions)<ref>[https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ans/ans.html] Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet (ANS)</ref>
|-
|October 15
|{{flag|UK}} || [[Ariel 5]] || {{success}} || X-ray satellite
|-
|October 28
|{{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 23]] || Moon || {{failure}} || Probe
|-
|December 10|| {{flag|West Germany}} || [[Helios 1]]|| Sun || {{success}} || Solar probe
|-
| rowspan="8" |1975
|February 6
|{{flag|France}}
|[[Starlette and Stella|Starlette]]
| rowspan="3" |Earth
|{{success}}
|Laser reflector for Earth-based measurement
|-
|April 19
|{{flag|India}} || [[Aryabhata (satellite)|Aryabhata]]|| {{success}} || Launched by USSR, the first Indian satellite
|-
|May 17
|{{flag|France}}
|Castor/Pollux
|{{success}}
|Second launch. Castor tested a new accelerometer, Pollux tested [[hydrazine]] based thrusters
|-
| June 8|| rowspan="2" | {{flag|USSR}} || [[Venera 9]] || rowspan="2" | Venus || {{success}} || Returns the first pictures of the surface of Venus
|-
|June 14|| [[Venera 10]] || {{success}} || Orbiter and lander
|-
|August 20
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|US}} || ''[[Viking 1]]'' || rowspan="2" | Mars || {{success}} || Orbiter and lander; lands on Mars 1976
|-
|September 9|| ''[[Viking 2]]'' || {{success}} || Orbiter and lander; lands on Mars 1976
|-
|September 27
|{{flag|France}}
|Aura
|Earth
|{{success}}
|Far-ultraviolet measurement of the Sun. Last launch of the Diamant rocket.
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1976 
| January 15|| {{flag|West Germany}} || [[Helios probes|Helios 2]] || Sun || {{success}} || Solar probe
|-
|January 17
|{{flag|Canada}}/{{flag|US}}/{{flag|Europe}} || [[Communications Technology Satellite]]|| rowspan="2" | Earth || {{success}} || Prototype for testing direct broadcast [[satellite television]] on the [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]]
|-
|July 9
|{{flag|Indonesia}} || [[Palapa A1]]|| {{success}} || Launched by US, The First Indonesian GEO Satellite for domestic Communication
|-
|August 9
|{{flag|USSR}} || [[Luna 24]]|| Moon || {{success}} || Lander
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1977 
| August 12|| rowspan="3" | {{flag|US}} || [[HEAO-1]]|| Earth || {{success}} || X-ray satellite
|-
|August 20|| [[Voyager 2]]|| rowspan="2" | Jupiter || {{success}} || rowspan="2" | Sent back images of [[Jupiter]] and its system 
|-
|September 5|| [[Voyager 1]]|| {{success}} 
|-
|September 18
|{{flag|USSR}} || [[Kosmos 954]]|| Earth || {{success}} || Reconnaissance satellites
|-
| rowspan="6" |1978
| May 20|| rowspan="2" | {{flag|US}} || [[Pioneer Venus 1]] || rowspan="2" | Venus || {{success}} || Orbiter
|-
|August 8|| [[Pioneer Venus 2]] || {{success}} || Atmospheric probe
|-
|September 9
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|USSR}} || [[Venera 11]] || rowspan="2" | Venus || Partial {{success}} || rowspan="2" | Flyby and lander
|-
|September 14|| [[Venera 12]] || {{success}} 
|-
|October 24
|{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} || [[Magion 1]]|| rowspan="2" | Earth || {{success}} || First satellite for Czechoslovakia
|-
|November 13
|{{flag|US}} || [[HEAO-2]] || {{success}} || First X-ray photographs of astronomical objects
|-
| rowspan="4" |1979
|February 21
|{{flag|Japan}} || [[Hakucho]] || rowspan="4" | Earth || {{success}} || X-ray satellite
|-
|June 2
|{{flag|UK}} || [[Ariel 6]]|| {{success}} || Cosmic-ray and X-ray satellite
|-
|June 7
| rowspan="2" |{{flag|India}} || [[Bhaskara (satellite)|Bhaskara-1]]|| {{success}} || Launched by ISRO (First successfully launched Indian low orbit Earth Observation Satellite)
|-
|August 10|| [[Rohini (satellite)|Rohini Technology Payload]]|| {{Failure}} || Launched by ISRO. Purpose was to monitor flight performance of SLV but a faulty valve caused vehicle to crash into the [[Bay of Bengal]] 317 seconds after launch.
|}

===1980s===
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ class="nowrap" | Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1980s
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Origin
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Target
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
| 1980 || {{flag|US}} || Solar Maximum Mission || Sun || {{failure}} || [[Solar Maximum Mission]] solar probe succeeded after being repaired in Earth orbit
|-
|rowspan=4| 1981 || {{flag|India}} || Bhaskara-2 || Earth || {{success}} || [[Bhaskara (satellite)#Bhaskara-II|Bhaskara-2]] satellite; launched on Russian [[Kosmos-3M]] rocket for ISRO
|-
| {{flag|USSR}} || Venera 13 || Venus || {{success}} || [[Venera 13]] launched, it returned the first colour pictures of the surface of Venus
|-
| {{flag|USSR}} || Venera 14 || Venus || {{success}} || [[Venera 14]] flyby and lander
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} ||[[Bulgaria 1300]]|| Earth || {{success}} || [[Bulgaria 1300]], polar research mission, was Bulgaria's first artificial satellite; launched by the Soviet Union
|-
| rowspan=5|1983 || {{flag|USSR}} || Venera 15 || Venus || {{success}} || [[Venera 15]] orbiter
|-
| {{flag|USSR}} || Venera 16 || Venus || {{success}} || [[Venera 16]] orbiter
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || EXOSAT || Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[EXOSAT]] X-ray satellite
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || Tenma || Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the Tenma X-ray satellite ([[ASTRO-B]])
|-
| {{flag|US}} / {{flag|Netherlands}} / {{flag|UK}} || IRAS||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[IRAS]] satellite
|-
| rowspan=2|1984 || {{flag|USSR}} || Vega 1 || Venus/Halley's Comet || {{success}} || [[Vega 1]] flyby, atmospheric probe and lander
|-
| {{flag|USSR}} || Vega 2 || Venus/Halley's Comet || {{success}} || [[Vega 2]] flyby, atmospheric probe and lander
|-
| rowspan=3|1985 || {{flag|Japan}} || [[Sakigake]] || Halley's Comet || {{success}} || [[Sakigake]] flyby, Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || [[Suisei (spacecraft)|Suisei]] || Halley's Comet || {{success}} || [[Suisei (spacecraft)|Suisei]] flyby
|-
| {{flag|Mexico}} || Morelos I || Earth || {{success}} || [[Morelos I]], the first Mexican satellite
|-
| rowspan=2|1986 || {{flag|Europe}} || [[Giotto (spacecraft)|Giotto]]|| Halley's Comet || {{success}} || [[Giotto mission|Giotto]] flyby
|-
| {{flag|US}} || [[Voyager 2]]|| Uranus || {{success}} || ''Voyager 2'' sent back images of Uranus and its system
|-
| 1987 || {{flag|Japan}} || Ginga || Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the Ginga X-ray satellite ([[ASTRO-C]])
|-
| rowspan=3|1988 || {{flag|USSR}} || [[Phobos 1]]|| Mars || {{failure}} || [[Phobos 1]] orbiter and lander
|-
| {{flag|USSR}} || [[Phobos 2]]|| Mars || Partial {{failure}} || [[Phobos 2]] flyby and lander
|-
| {{flag|Israel}} || [[Ofeq|Ofeq 1]]|| Earth || {{success}} || [[Ofeq|Ofeq 1]] first Israeli satellite, first satellite to be launched in retrograde orbit 
|-
| rowspan=6|1989 || {{flag|US}} || [[Magellan (spacecraft)|Magellan]]|| Venus || {{success}} || [[Magellan probe|Magellan]] orbiter launched which mapped 99 percent of the surface of Venus (300 m resolution)
|-
| {{flag|US}} / {{flag|West Germany}} || [[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]]|| Venus/Earth/Moon/Gaspra/Ida/Jupiter || {{success}} || ''[[Galileo probe|Galileo]]'' flyby, orbiter and atmospheric probe
|-
| {{flag|US}} || [[Voyager 2]]|| Neptune || {{success}} || ''Voyager 2'' sent back images of Neptune and its system
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || Hipparcos || Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Hipparcos]] satellite
|-
| {{flag|US}} || COBE || Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Cosmic Background Explorer|COBE]] satellite
|-
| {{flag|USSR}} || Granat || Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Granat]] gamma-ray and X-ray satellite
|}

===1990s===
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ class="nowrap" | Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1990s
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Origin
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Target
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
| rowspan="5" |1990 || {{flag|US}}/{{flag|Europe}} || Ulysses || Sun || {{success}} || ''[[Ulysses (spacecraft)|Ulysses]]'' solar flyby
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || Hiten || Moon || {{success}} || [[Hiten (spacecraft)|Hiten]] probe, this was the first non-United States or [[Soviet Union|USSR]] probe to reach the Moon
|-
| {{flag|US}}/{{flag|Europe}} || Hubble Space Telescope || Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}} || Badr-1 || Earth || {{Success|color=green}} || Launch of [[Badr-1]] Pakistan 1st communication satellite 
|-
| {{flag|Germany}} || ROSAT || Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[ROSAT]] X-ray satellite to conduct the first imaging X-ray sky survey
|-
| rowspan=2|1991 || {{flag|Japan}} || Yohkoh|| Sun || {{success}} || [[Yohkoh]] solar probe
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory]] satellite
|-
| 1992 || {{flag|US}} || Mars Observer||Mars || {{failure}} || [[Mars Observer]] orbiter
|-
| rowspan=2|1993 || {{flag|Japan}} || ASCA||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics|ASCA]] (ASTRO-D) X-ray satellite
|-
| {{flag|Brazil}} || INPE||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the SCD-1, the oldest earth observation equipment still in operation.
|-
| rowspan=2|1994 || {{flag|US}} || Clementine||Moon || {{success}} || [[Clementine mission|Clementine]] orbiter mapped the surface of the Moon (resolution 125–150 m) and allowed the first accurate [[cartographic relief depiction|relief map]] of the Moon to be generated
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || Türksat 1B||Earth || {{success}} || [[Türksat 1B]], First Turkish [[communications satellite]]
|-
| rowspan=4|1995 || {{flag|Mexico}} || Unamsat 1|| Earth || {{failure}} || [[Unamsat 1]], First [[UNAM]] built orbiter 
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || Sich-1 || Earth || {{success}} || [[Sich-1]] launched, first Ukrainian-built satellite
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || ISO||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Infrared Space Observatory]]
|-
| {{flag|Europe}}/{{flag|US}} || SOHO||Sun || {{success}} || [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]] solar probe
|-
|rowspan=6| 1996 || {{flag|US}} || NEAR Shoemaker||433 Eros || {{success}} || [[NEAR Shoemaker]] asteroid flybys/orbiter/lander
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || Türksat 1C||Earth || {{success}} || [[Türksat 1C]], Second Turkish [[communications satellite]]
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Mars Global Surveyor||Mars || {{success}} || [[Mars Global Surveyor]] orbiter
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Mars Pathfinder||Mars || {{success}} || [[Mars Pathfinder]], the first automated surface exploration of another planet
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} || Mars 96||Mars || {{failure}} || [[Mars 96]] orbiter and lander
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}} || SAC-B ||Earth ||{{failure}} ||[[Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales#Past missions|Sac-B]] Orbiter 
|-
| rowspan=2|1997 || {{flag|US}}/{{flag|Europe}} || Cassini-Huygens||Saturn and Titan || {{success}} || ''[[Cassini-Huygens]]'' arrived in orbit on July 1, 2004, landed on Titan January 14, 2005
|-
| {{flag|Argentina}} || Nahuel 1A||Earth || {{success}} || [[Nahuel 1A]] First Argentine satellite - geostationary communications satellites
|-
| rowspan=5|1998 || {{flag|North Korea}} || Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1||Earth || {{unknown}} || Claimed launch of [[Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1]]  by [[North Korea]] though no independent source was able to verify its existence
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Lunar Prospector||Moon || {{success}} || [[Lunar Prospector]] orbiter
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || Nozomi ||Mars || {{failure}} || [[Nozomi (probe)|Nozomi]] (Planet B) orbiter, the first Japanese spacecraft to reach another planet
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Mars Climate Orbiter||Mars || {{failure}} || [[Mars Climate Orbiter]]
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}} / {{flag|US}} ||SAC-A||Earth|| {{success}}||[[Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales#Past missions|Sac-A]] Orbiter
|-
|rowspan=4| 1999 || {{flag|US}} || Mars Polar Lander||Mars || {{failure}} || [[Mars Polar Lander]]
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Deep Space 2||Mars || {{failure}} || [[Deep Space 2]] (DS2) penetrators
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Chandra ||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]]
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || XMM-Newton||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission, [[XMM-Newton]]
|}

===2000s===
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ class="nowrap" | Artificial satellites and space probes in 2000's
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Origin
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Target
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
| rowspan=2|2000|| {{flag|UK}} || SNAP-1||Earth || {{success}} || [[SNAP-1]] robotic camera enabling images to be sent to other spacecraft orbiting the Earth
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}} ||SAC-C||Earth|| {{success}}||[[SAC-C]] Orbiter
|-
|rowspan=5| 2001 || {{flag|Turkey}} || Türksat 2A||Earth || {{success}} || [[Türksat 2A]], third Turkish [[communications satellite]]
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Genesis ||Sun || {{partial success}} || ''[[Genesis (spacecraft)|Genesis]]'' solar wind sample crash-landed on return
|-
| {{flag|US}} || WMAP||Earth || {{success}} || [[WMAP|Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)]]  performs cosmological observations.
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Mars Odyssey||Mars || {{success}} || [[Mars Odyssey]]
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || PROBA-1||Earth || {{success}} || [[PROBA-1]] Small satellite to observe the Earth (first Belgian Satellite)
|-
|rowspan=2| 2003 || {{flag|Canada}} || MOST||Earth || {{success}} || [[Microvariability and Oscillations of STars telescope|MOST]] the smallest space telescope in orbit.
|- 
| {{flag|Turkey}} || BİLSAT||Earth || {{success}} || [[BILSAT-1|BİLSAT]], Turkey's first [[earth observation satellite]]
|-
|rowspan=2| 2002 || {{flag|US}} || CONTOUR||[[Comet Encke]] || {{failure}} || [[CONTOUR]] launched, but lost during early trajectory insertion.
|-
| {{flag|Europe}}/{{flag|Russia}}/{{flag|US}} || INTEGRAL||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[INTEGRAL]] gamma-ray satellite.
|-
|rowspan=5| 2003 || {{flag|Europe}}|| SMART-1||Moon || {{success}} || [[SMART-1]] orbiter
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || Mars Express & Beagle 2 ||Mars || {{partial success}} || [[Mars Express]] orbiter (successfully reached orbit) and failed [[Beagle 2]] lander
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Mars Exploration Rover||Mars || {{success}} || [[Mars Exploration Rover Mission|Mars Exploration Rover]]s successful launches, ''[[Spirit (rover)|Spirit]]'' successfully landed, ''[[Opportunity (rover)|Opportunity]]'' successfully landed
|-
| {{flag|UK}} || UK-DMC||Earth || {{success}} || [[UK-DMC]] orbiter, part of the [[Disaster Monitoring Constellation]]
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || Hayabusa ||[[25143 Itokawa]] || {{success}} || ''[[Hayabusa (spacecraft)|Hayabusa]]'', first sample return from asteroid, returned in 2010
|-
|rowspan=3| 2004 || {{flag|Europe}} || Rosetta ||[[67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko|Comet 67P]] || {{success}} || [[Rosetta space probe]] launched (arrived on comet 67P on November 12, 2014) 
|-
| {{flag|US}} ||MESSENGER|| Mercury || {{success}} ||''[[MESSENGER]]'' orbiter launched (in Mercury orbit)
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Swift||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission|Swift]] [[Gamma ray burst]] observatory.
|-
|rowspan=5| 2005 || {{flag|US}} || Deep Impact||[[Comet Tempel 1]] || {{success}} || ''[[Deep Impact (spacecraft)|Deep Impact]]''
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || Suzaku ||Earth || {{partial success}} || Launch of the [[Suzaku (satellite)|Suzaku]] X-ray observatory ([[ASTRO-EII]])
|-
| {{flag|US}} || MRO||Mars || {{success}} || [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]]
|-
| {{flag|Iran}} || Sinah-1||Earth || {{success}} || [[Sinah-1]] launched, first Iranian-built satellite
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || Venus Express||Venus || {{success}} || [[Venus Express]]
|-
| rowspan=3|2006 || {{flag|US}} || New Horizons||Pluto || {{success}} || ''[[New Horizons]]'' launched. On July 14, 2015, ''[[New Horizons]]'' flew within 7,750 miles (12,472&nbsp;km) of Pluto.
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || Akari ||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Akari (satellite)|Akari]] [[infrared]] observatory ([[ASTRO-F]])
|-
| {{flag|France}}/{{flag|Europe}}|| COROT||Earth || {{success}} || [[COROT]] telescope to search for extrasolar planets
|-
|rowspan=5| 2007 || {{flag|US}} || Phoenix ||Mars || {{success}} || ''[[Phoenix (spacecraft)|Phoenix]]'' launched and successfully landed in 2008
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || SELENE||Moon || {{success}} || [[SELENE]] orbiter and lander
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Dawn ||Vesta/Ceres || {{success}} || ''[[Dawn (spacecraft)|Dawn]]'' solar powered ion engined probe to [[4 Vesta]] and [[1 Ceres]].
|-
| {{flag|China}} ||Chang'e-I|| Moon  || {{success}} || [[Chang'e-I]] lunar orbiter
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || NigComSat-1||Earth || {{partial success}} || [[NigComSat-1]] launched by China, failed after 1 year
|-
|rowspan=2| 2008 || {{flag|Turkey}} || Türksat 3A||Earth || {{success}} || [[Türksat 3A]], fourth Turkish [[communications satellite]]
|-
| {{flag|US}} || IBEX||Earth || {{success}} || The Interstellar Boundary Explorer ([[Interstellar Boundary Explorer|IBEX]])'s mission is to study the nature of interactions between solar wind and interstellar medium at the edge of [[Solar System]].
|-
|rowspan=9| 2009 || {{flag|North Korea}} || Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 || Earth || {{Failure}} || [[Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2]] failed to orbit, possibly due to the rocket's third stage not separating properly.
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} ||Planck|| L2 || {{success}} || ''[[Planck (spacecraft)|Planck]]''
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} ||Herschel || L2 || {{success}} || [[Herschel Space Observatory]]
|-
| {{flag|Iran}} || Omid||Earth || {{success}} || [[Omid]] launched by Iranian made launcher [[Safir (rocket)|Safir]]. First Iranian-launched satellite
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Kepler ||Earth || {{success}} || ''[[Kepler (spacecraft)|Kepler]]'' launched 
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || PROBA-2||Earth || {{success}} || [[PROBA-2]] Small satellite to observe the Sun
|-
| {{flag|India}} || RISAT-2||Earth || {{success}} || [[RISAT-2]] developed by Israel Aerospace Industries, launched by ISRO, India
|-
| {{flag|India}} || Chandrayaan-1||Moon || {{success}} || [[Chandrayaan-1]] developed and launched by ISRO, India. First discovery of Lunar Water.
|-
| {{flag|UK}} || UK-DMC 2||Earth || {{success}} || [[UK-DMC 2]] orbiter, successor to [[UK-DMC]] part of the [[Disaster Monitoring Constellation]]
|}

===2010s===
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ class="nowrap" | Artificial satellites and space probes in the 2010s
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Origin
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Target
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
| 2010 || {{flag|Japan}} ||Akatsuki || Venus || {{partial success}} || ''[[Akatsuki (spacecraft)|Akatsuki]]'' orbiter, first Japanese spacecraft to orbit another planet (2015)
|-
| rowspan=2|2010 || {{flag|Japan}} || IKAROS||Venus || {{success}} || [[IKAROS]], first [[solar-sail]] spacecraft
|-
| {{flag|China}} || Chang'e-2||Moon || {{success}}  || [[Chang'e-2]] lunar orbiter/impacter
|-
| rowspan=7|2011 || {{flag|Turkey}} || RASAT||Earth || {{success}} ||
Turkey's after [[BILSAT-1|BİLSAT]], second earth observation satellite. [[RASAT]], design and production made in Turkey is the first observation satellite.
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} || Spektr-R||Earth || {{success}} || Launch of the [[Spektr-R]] radio telescope
|-
| {{flag|US}} || Juno ||Jupiter || {{success}} || ''[[Juno (spacecraft)|Juno]]''
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} || Fobos-Grunt||Mars  || {{failure}} || [[Fobos-Grunt]] lander and sample return
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || NigComSat-1||Earth || {{success}} || [[NigComSat-1]] replacement launched by China
|-
| {{flag|Taiwan}} / {{flag|Singapore}} || ST-2||Earth || {{success}} || [[ST-2]] replacement launched by Taiwan and Singapore
|-
|{{flag|Argentina}} / {{flag|US}} ||SAC-D||Earth||{{success}}||[[SAC-D]] Orbiter
|-
| rowspan=4|2012 || {{flag|Iran}} || Navid ||Earth || {{success}} || [[Navid (satellite)|Navid]] Earth-watching satellite
|-
| {{flag|US}} || MSL||Mars || {{success}} || [[Mars Science Laboratory]] with ''Curiosity'' rover—orbit and landed
|-
| {{flag|North Korea}} ||Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 || Earth || {{success}} || [[Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2]], first successful North Korean orbital rocket launch after the first unit exploded shortly after launch.
|-
| {{flag|Poland}} || PW-Sat||Earth || {{success}}  || [[PW-Sat]], first Polish satellite 
|-
| rowspan=12|2013 || {{flag|South Korea}} || STSAT-2C||Earth || {{success}} || [[STSAT-2C]], first successful South Korean orbital rocket launch
|-
| {{flag|Canada}} || NEOSSat||Earth || {{success}} || [[Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite|NEOSSat]], monitoring [[near-Earth object]]s
|-
| {{flag|Canada}} || Sapphire||Earth || {{success}} || [[Sapphire (satellite)|Sapphire]], military [[space surveillance]]
|-
| {{flag|Ecuador}} || NEE 01 Pegaso||Earth || {{success}} || [[NEE-01 Pegaso]], Ecuador's first satellite
|-
| {{flag|Estonia}} || ESTCube-1||Earth || {{success}} || [[ESTCube-1]], Estonia's first satellite
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || PROBA-V||Earth || {{success}} || [[PROBA-V]], small satellite to monitor the vegetation of the Earth
|-
| {{flag|UK}} || STRaND-1||Earth || {{success}} || [[STRaND-1]], first smartphone-operated satellite to be launched and dubbed the world's first "phonesat"
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || Hisaki ||Earth || {{success}} || [[Hisaki (satellite)|Hisaki]]  planetary atmosphere observatory
|-
| {{flag|Canada}} || CASSIOPE||Earth || {{success}} || [[CASSIOPE]], ionosphere research and communication satellite
|-
| {{flag|India}} || MOM||Mars || {{success}} || [[Mars Orbiter Mission|MOM]] is India's first interplanetary mission to Mars. First Asian nation to reach Mars.
|-
| {{flag|US}} || MAVEN||Mars || {{success}} || [[MAVEN]] orbiter
|-
| {{flag|Poland}} || Lem ||Earth || {{success}} || [[Lem (satellite)|Lem]], First Polish scientific satellite
|-
|rowspan=6|2014 ||{{Flag|Lithuania}} ||LitSat1/LituanicaSAT-1 ||Earth ||{{success}} ||[[LitSat-1]] and [[LituanicaSAT-1]], first Lithuanian satellites
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || TÜRKSAT 4A||Earth || {{success}} || [[Türksat 4A|TÜRKSAT 4A]], Turkey's fifth communication satellite.
|-
| {{flag|Europe}} || Rosetta / Philae||[[67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko|Comet 67P]] || {{partial success}} || ''[[Rosetta (spacecraft)|Rosetta]]'' and ''[[Philae (spacecraft)|Philae]]'', Third comet landing at unintended site in suboptimal orientation due to failure of surface anchoring system
|-
|{{flag|Poland}}||Heweliusz ||Earth||{{success}}||[[Heweliusz (satellite)|Heweliusz]], Second Polish scientific satellite
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || Hayabusa2||[[162173 Ryugu]] || {{success}} || ''[[Hayabusa2]]'', second Japanese asteroid sample return spacecraft
|-
| {{flag|Japan}} || PROCYON||[[2000 DP107]] || {{partial failure}} || [[PROCYON]] deep space probe
|-
|rowspan=3|2015 || {{flag|US}} || DSCOVR||[[Lagrangian point#Sun–Earth|Earth-Sun L1]] || {{success}} || [[Deep Space Climate Observatory|DSCOVR]], Earth and space weather
|-
| {{flag|India}} || Astrosat||Earth || {{success}} || [[Astrosat]], Space observatory
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || TÜRKSAT 4B||Earth || {{success}} || [[Türksat 4B|TÜRKSAT 4B]], Turkey's sixth communication satellite.
|-
|rowspan=3|2016 || {{flag|European Union}} / {{flag|Russia}} || ExoMars / Schiaparelli||Mars || {{partial success}} || [[ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter]], Trace Gas Orbiter in orbit; [[Schiaparelli lander]] crashed
|-
| {{flag|Canada}} || M3MSat||Earth || {{success}} || [[Maritime Monitoring and Messaging Microsatellite|M3MSat]], maritime monitoring and communication satellite
|-
| {{flag|US}} || OSIRIS-REx||Earth || {{enroute}} || [[OSIRIS-REx]], first American asteroid sample return spacecraft
|-
|2017 || {{flag|Brazil}} || SGDC-1 || Earth|| {{success}} || [[Geostationary Defense and Strategic Communications Satellite|SGDC-1]], communication satellite
|-
|rowspan=6|2018 || {{flag|US}} || Tesla Roadster||Heliocentric orbit|| {{success}} || [[Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster]], [[dummy payload]] for the February 2018 [[Falcon Heavy]] test flight and is now an artificial satellite of the Sun
|-
| {{flag|China}}||[[Queqiao]]||Moon || {{success}} || First relay satellite for [[far side of the Moon]].
|-
| {{flag|US}} {{flag|France}} {{flag|Germany}}  || InSight||Mars || {{success}} || ''[[InSight]]'', Mars lander for planetary information
|-
| {{flag|European Union}}/{{flag|Japan}} || BepiColombo|| Mercury || {{enroute}} || ''[[BepiColombo]]'', two orbiters to study the magnetic field, magnetosphere, and both interior and surface structure of Mercury. Final mission of the Horizon 2000+ programme
|-
|| {{flag|US}}|| Parker Solar Probe||Sun || {{enroute}} || ''[[Parker Solar Probe]]'', first spacecraft to visit the outer [[solar corona|corona]] of the Sun
|-
| {{flag|China}}|| Chang'e 4||Moon || {{success}} || ''[[Chang'e 4]]'', first spacecraft to soft-land on the [[Far side of the Moon|lunar far side]].
|-
|rowspan=5|2019 || {{flag|Egypt}}|| NARSSCube-2||Earth|| {{success}} || ''[[2019 in spaceflight#April|NARSSCube-2]]'', Egypt's first domestically built satellite
|-
| {{flag|Israel}}|| Beresheet||Moon || {{failure}} || ''[[Beresheet]]'', first private space probe and moon lander, crashed
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} / {{flag|Germany}} || Spektr-RG ||[[Lagrangian point#Sun–Earth|Earth-Sun L2]] ||{{success}} || Launch of the [[Spektr-RG]] X-ray observatory
|-
| {{flag|India}}|| Chandrayaan-2||Moon || {{partial success}} || ''[[Chandrayaan-2]]'', orbiter achieved orbit, but lander and rover module hit into the Moon's surface and crashed.
|-
| {{flag|Ethiopia}}|| ETRSS-1||Earth || {{success}} || [[ETRSS-1]], first Ethiopian satellite; launched on China's [[Long March 4B]] rocket.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ETRSS 1|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/etrss-1.htm|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Gunter's Space Page|language=en}}</ref>
|}

===2020s===
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ class="nowrap" | Artificial satellites and space probes in the 2020s
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Year
! scope="col" | Origin
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Target
! scope="col" | Status
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
|-
|rowspan=6| 2020|| {{Flag|Turkey}} || [[Türksat 5A|TÜRKSAT 5A]]|| Earth || {{success}} || [[Türksat 5A|TÜRKSAT 5A]], Turkey's seventh [[communication satellite]] launched with SpaceX's [[Falcon 9]] rocket. 
|-
|{{Flag|European Union}}||[[Solar Orbiter|SolO]]||[[Sun]]||{{enroute}}|| [[Solar Orbiter]] is an ESA's Sun-observing satellite.<!-- , closest solar approach (0.28 AU) --><ref>{{Cite web|title=Solar Orbiter|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-010A|access-date=2020-06-07|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter|title=ESA Science & Technology - Solar Orbiter|website=sci.esa.int|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter|title=ESA - Solar Orbiter|website=www.esa.int|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|US}} || ''[[Mars 2020]]''|| Mars || {{Operational}} ||''[[Perseverance (rover)|Perseverance]]'', JPL's Mars rover. It was launched on July 30 with [[Atlas V]] rocket, and landed on February 18, 2021, together with the small ''[[Ingenuity (helicopter)|Ingenuity]]'' helicopter that was deployed on April 4, 2021.

|-
| {{Flag|UAE}} || Hope || Mars || {{success}} || [[Emirates Mars Mission|Hope]] satellite is the United Arab Emirates Space Agency's uncrewed space research project on Mars. It was launched with Japanese [[H-IIA]] rocket on 19 July and reached Mars on 9 February 2021.
|-
| {{Flag|China}} || [[Tianwen-1]] || Mars || {{success}} || Mission containing an orbiter, deployable and remote cameras, lander and ''[[Zhurong (rover)|Zhurong]]'' rover. This is China's 2nd uncrewed space research project on Mars. It was launched with [[Long March 5]] rocket on 23 July and the orbiter, lander and rover entered Mars orbit on 10 February 2021. The rover and lander landed on 14 May with rover deployment on 22 April 2021 and dropped a remote selfie camera on Mars on 1 June 2021 and while a deployable camera made a flyby around 10 February 2021 and another deployable camera was released into Mars orbit on 31 December 2021.
|-
|{{flag|China}}  || [[Chang'e 5]] || Moon || {{success}} || Orbiter, Returner, Ascent Stage, Lander configuration mission, China's first automated return of samples from the Moon. orbiter visited L1 and made a lunar flyby.
|-
|rowspan=7| 2021 || {{flag|US}} || ''[[Lucy (spacecraft)|Lucy]]''||two [[Asteroid belt|main belt]] [[asteroid]]s as well as six [[Jupiter trojan]]s|| {{enroute}} || NASA probe that will complete a 12-year journey to nine different asteroids, visiting two [[Asteroid belt|main belt]] asteroids as well as six [[Jupiter trojan]]s,<ref>{{cite web|last=Hille|first=Karl|date=2019-10-21|title=NASA's Lucy Mission Clears Critical Milestone|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/lucy-mission-clears-critical-milestone |publisher=NASA |access-date=2020-12-05}}{{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kretke |first1=Katherine |title=NASA's Lucy Spacecraft Discovers 2nd Asteroid During Dinkinesh Flyby |url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-discovers-2nd-asteroid-during-dinkinesh-flyby/ |website=NASA |access-date=19 December 2023 |ref=NASA Dinkinesh}}</ref> asteroids which share [[Jupiter]]'s [[orbit]] around the [[Sun]], orbiting either ahead of or behind the planet. All target encounters will be [[Flyby (spaceflight)|fly-by]] encounters.<ref name="NYT-20170106">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/06/science/nasa-psyche-asteroid.html|title=A Metal Ball the Size of Massachusetts That NASA Wants to Explore|last=Chang |first=Kenneth|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 January 2017}}</ref> It was launched on October 16, 2021, on the 401 variant of [[Atlas V]] and has yet to study a trojan asteroid.
|-
| {{Flag|Brazil}} || [[Amazônia-1]] || Earth || {{success}} || Amazônia-1 is the first Earth observation satellite developed by Brazil, helped by Argentina's INVAP, who provided the main computer, attitude controls and sensors, and the training of Brazilian engineers,[8] and launched at 04:54:00 UTC (10:24:00 IST) on 28 February 2021.
|-
|{{flag|US}} || [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test|DART]]|| a Binary [[65803 Didymos]] asteroid system  || {{Success}} || ''[[Double Asteroid Redirection Test]]'', NASA's first mission to test planetary defense. Its uses involves test this technique by kinetically impacting the spacecraft to produce a small change in its orbital period. It was launched on November 24 with [[Falcon 9]] rocket. Accompanying the mission is [[LICIACube]] cubesat, a flyby mission that recorded the impact and its aftermaths.
|-
|{{Flag|Italy}}|| [[LICIACube]]|| a Binary [[65803 Didymos]] asteroid system  || {{Success}} || ''[[LICIACube]]'', Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids, is the first [[Agenzia Spaziale Italiana]]'s interplanetary mission. Ideated, designed, integrated and operated entirely in [[Italy]], it has been the witness of the first real-scale planetary defense test performed by [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test]]. [[LICIACube]] is the smallest human-made object that successfully performed a flyby of a [[Small Solar System body]]. It has been deployed two weeks before [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test|DART]]'s impact.
|-
|{{flag|US}} || [[IXPE]]|| Earth  || {{success}} || [[Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer]], NASA's new X-ray observatory. It was launched on December 8 with [[Falcon 9]] rocket. 
|-
|{{Flag|Turkey}} || [[Türksat 5B|TÜRKSAT 5B]]|| Earth || {{success}} || [[Türksat 5B|TÜRKSAT 5B]], Turkey's eighth [[communication satellite]] launched with SpaceX's [[Falcon 9]] rocket.
|-
|{{flag|US}} / {{Flag|European Union}} / {{Flag|Canada}} || [[James Webb Space Telescope]]|| Earth-Sun L<sub>2</sub> point || {{success}} ||[[James Webb Space Telescope]] (JWST), NASA, [[ESA]] and [[Canadian Space Agency|CSA]]'s joint project for a space telescope. It was launched on December 25 with [[Ariane 5 ECA]] rocket to Earth-Moon L<sub>2</sub> point.
|-
| rowspan="16" | 2022|| {{Flag|US}} || [[CAPSTONE]]|| [[Near-rectilinear halo orbit]] (NRHO) of Moon|| {{operational}} || [[CAPSTONE]], Lunar orbiting [[CubeSat]] that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the [[Lunar Gateway|Gateway]] space station. It was launched with [[Rocket Lab Electron]] rocket.
|-
| {{Flag|US}} || ''[[Voyager 1]]'' and ''[[Voyager 2]]''|| None||  None|| 
In May, NASA reports that the ''Voyager 1'' spacecraft, the farthest human-made object, is sending data that does not reflect what is happening on board with the antenna apparently remaining in its prescribed orientation to Earth.<ref>{{cite news |title=Voyager is sending 'impossible data' back to Nasa from the edge of the Solar System |url=https://news.yahoo.com/voyager-sending-impossible-data-back-051015157.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=news.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Engineers Investigating NASA's Voyager 1 Telemetry Data |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/engineers-investigating-nasas-voyager-1-telemetry-data |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref> In June, it was reported that NASA is preparing to power down the two Voyager spacecraft in the hope of using the remaining power to extend their operation to about 2030.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Folger |first1=Tim |title=Record-Breaking Voyager Spacecraft Begin to Power Down |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/record-breaking-voyager-spacecraft-begin-to-power-down/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|US}} / {{flag|South Korea}}
|[[Danuri]] (KLPO)
|Moon
|{{operational}}
|South Korea's first lunar orbiter launched by SpaceX's [[Falcon 9]] rocket. [[Danuri]] will serve to create topographic map of the lunar surface to pinpoint future landing sites.
|-
| rowspan="8" |{{Flag|US}}
|[[Artemis 1]] [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion MPCV CM-002]]
|Moon
|{{Success}}
|Uncrewed test of the [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]] in lunar flyby and [[Distant retrograde orbit|DRO]] orbit.
|-
|[[CubeSat for Solar Particles|CuSP]]
|Heliocentric
|{{Failure}}
|Study [[Solar energetic particles|particles]] and [[Sun#Magnetic field|magnetic fields]].
|-
|[[LunIR]]
|Moon
|{{Partial failure}}
|Collect its surface [[Infrared spectroscopy|thermography]].
|-
|[[NEA Scout]]
|Moon/Asteroid
|{{Failure}}
|[[Solar sail]] that will flyby a [[near-Earth asteroid]].
|-
|[[Team Miles]]
|Helliocentric
|{{Failure}}
|Demonstrate [[Plasma propulsion engine|low-thrust plasma propulsion]] in deep space.
|-
|[[BioSentinel]]
|Heliocentric
|{{Success}}
|Contains [[yeast]] cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the [[Health threat from cosmic rays|effects of deep space radiation]].
|-
|[[LunaH-Map]]
|Moon
|{{failure}}
|Search for evidence of [[Lunar water|lunar water ice]] inside [[permanently shadowed crater]]s using its neutron detector.
|-
|[[Lunar IceCube]]
|Moon
|{{Failure}}
|Its [[Infrared spectroscopy|infrared spectrometer]] will detect water and organic compounds in the [[lunar surface]] and [[Atmosphere of the Moon|exosphere]].
|-
|{{Flag|Italy}}
|[[ArgoMoon]]
|High Earth Orbit with Lunar Flybys
|{{Success}}
|Image the [[Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage|ICPS]] and perform deep space [[Nanotechnology]] experiments.
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Japan}}
|[[OMOTENASHI]]
|Moon 
|{{failure}}
|Inflatable module attempting to land semi-hard at lunar surface.
|-
|[[EQUULEUS]]
|Moon/[[Lagrange point|Earth Moon-L<sub>2</sub>]]
|{{Success}}
|Image the Earth's [[plasmasphere]], impact craters on the [[Far side of the Moon|Moon's far side]] and L2 experiments.
|-
|[[Hakuto|Hakuto-R]] Mission 1
|Moon
|{{Failure}}
|Lunar landing technology demonstration at Atlas Crater.
|-
| {{Flag|US}} || [[Lunar Flashlight]]|| Moon|| {{failure}} || [[Lunar Flashlight]], Lunar orbiting [[CubeSat]] that will explore, locate, and estimate size and composition of [[Lunar water|water ice deposits on the Moon]] for future exploitation by robots or humans. It was launched with [[Hakuto|Hakuto-R]] mission Mission 1.
|-
|rowspan=8|2023
|{{flag|European Union}}
|[[Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer]] (JUICE)
|Jupiter and [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]]
|{{enroute}}
|Mission to study Jupiter's three icy moons [[Callisto (moon)|Callisto]], [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] and [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]], eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
|-
|{{Flag|European Union}} || [[Euclid (spacecraft)|Euclid]]|| Earth-Sun L<sub>2</sub> point || {{Operational}} ||It is [[ESA]]'s project for a space telescope to study dark matter. It was launched on July 1 with [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] rocket to Earth-Moon L<sub>2</sub> point.
|-
|{{Flag|India}} || [[Chandrayaan-3]]|| Moon || {{Success}} ||It is India's second attempt to land on the Moon and its south pole. Successfully launched on 14 July 2023 on a [[LVM3]] launch vehicle. Successfully landed on 23 August 2023.
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}} || [[Luna-25]]|| Moon || {{failure}} ||It was a lander, launched on 10 August 2023 on [[Soyuz 2|Soyuz 2.1b]] rocket. Crashed on the Moon surface on 19 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Госкорпорация "Роскосмос" |url=https://t.me/roscosmos_gk/10540 |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=Telegram}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|India}} || [[Aditya-L1]]|| Earth-Sun L<sub>1</sub> point || {{Operational}} ||It is [[ISRO]]'s first Sun dedicated scientific mission. It will perform observations of the [[Solar corona]]. Successfully launched on 2 September 2023 on a [[PSLV-XL]] rocket.
|-
|{{Flag|Japan}} / {{Flag|US}} || [[X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission|XRISM]]|| Earth || {{Operational}} ||[[X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission]], X-ray space telescope developed by [[JAXA]] in partnership with [[NASA]]. Successfully launched on 6 September 2023 on a [[H-IIA]] launch vehicle.
|-
|{{Flag|Japan}} || [[Smart Lander for Investigating Moon|SLIM]]|| Moon || {{Success}} ||Lunar lander developed by [[JAXA]] carrying two lunar rovers. Successfully launched on 6 September 2023 on a [[H-IIA]] launch vehicle. Successfully landed on 19 January 2024.
|-
|{{Flag|US}} || [[Psyche (spacecraft)|Psyche]]|| [[16 Psyche]] || {{enroute}} ||Asteroid orbiter developed by [[NASA]]. Successfully launched on 13 October 2023 on a [[Falcon Heavy]] launch vehicle.
|-
|rowspan=12|2024
|{{flag|India}} || [[XPoSat]] || Earth || {{Operational}} || [[ISRO]]'s mission to study [[X-ray]] [[Polarization (physics)|polarisation]]. Successfully launched on 1 January 2024 on a [[PSLV-DL]] launch vehicle.
|-
|{{flag|USA}} || [[Peregrine Mission One]] || Moon || {{Failure}} || Lunar lander developed by [[Astrobotic Technology]] and selected as part of NASA's [[Commercial Lunar Payload Services]]. Successfully launched on 8 January 2024 on a [[Vulcan Centaur]] launch vehicle but landing abandoned due to excessive propellant leak.
|-
|{{flag|China}} / {{flag|European Union}} || [[Einstein Probe]] || Earth || {{Operational}} || X-ray space telescope developed jointly by [[Chinese Academy of Sciences|CAS]] and [[ESA]]. Successfully launched on 9 January 2024 on a [[Long March 2C]] launch vehicle.
|-
|{{flag|USA}} || [[Intuitive Machines Nova-C|IM-1]] || Moon || {{Success}} || [[Cryogenic]]-[[propellant|propelled]] lunar lander developed by [[Intuitive Machines]] and selected as part of NASA's [[Commercial Lunar Payload Services]]. Successfully launched on 15 February 2024 on a [[Falcon 9]] launch vehicle and landed on its side on 22 February 2024. Accompanied by a university Cubesat lander called [[EagleCam]] to send third-party images of landing sequence back to Earth.
|-
| {{flag|China}}|| DRO A/B ||Moon || {{success}} ||[[Yuanzheng|Yuanzheng 1S]] upper stage failed to deliver spacecrafts into correct orbit. The satellites were intended to test [[Distant retrograde orbit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=2024-03-14 |title=Surprise Chinese lunar mission hit by launch anomaly |url=https://spacenews.com/surprise-chinese-lunar-mission-hit-by-launch-anomaly/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref> Tracking data appears to show China is attempting to salvage spacecraft and they appear to have succeeded in reaching their desired orbit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=2024-08-20 |title=Chinese spacecraft appear to reach lunar orbit despite launch setback |url=https://spacenews.com/chinese-spacecraft-appear-to-reach-lunar-orbit-despite-launch-setback/ |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=2024-03-28 |title=China appears to be trying to save stricken spacecraft from lunar limbo |url=https://spacenews.com/china-appears-to-be-trying-to-save-stricken-spacecraft-from-lunar-limbo/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|China}}|| Queqiao-2||Moon || {{success}} ||[[Queqiao-2]] relay satellite for [[far side of the Moon]] with [[Tiandu|Tiandu-1 and 2]] to test future lunar satellite constellation technologies.
|-
|{{flag|China}} || [[Chang'e 6]] || Moon || {{Success}} || Orbiter, Returner, Ascent Stage, Lander, Rover configuration mission, China's first automated return of samples from the [[far side of the Moon]]. orbiter visited L2.
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}} || [[ICUBE-Q]] || Moon || {{Operational}} || Piggybacking as the first [[Pakistan]]i lunar mission along with [[Chang'e 6]].
|-
|{{flag|China}} / {{flag|France}} || [[Space Variable Objects Monitor]] || Earth || {{Operational}} || X-ray space telescope developed jointly by [[CNES]] and [[CNSA]]. Successfully launched on 22 June 2024 on a [[Long March 2C]] launch vehicle.
|-
|{{flag|EU}} || [[Hera (space mission)|Hera]] || [[65803 Didymos]] || {{Enroute}} || European component of [[AIDA (international space cooperation)|AIDA]], a NASA-ESA [[Asteroid impact avoidance|asteroid deflection]] test cooperation, aimed at studying the effects of the [[Near-Earth object|NEO]]'s [[Impact event|impact]] created by NASA's [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test|DART]] mission using [[65803 Didymos]]'s moon ([[Dimorphos]]) as a target. Successfully launched on 7 October 2024 on a [[Falcon 9]] launch vehicle.
|-
|{{flag|USA}} || [[Europa Clipper]] || [[Jupiter]] and [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] || {{Enroute}} ||NASA launched the [[Europa Clipper]] on 14 October 2024 on a [[Falcon Heavy]] launch vehicle, which will study the Jovian moon [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] while in orbit around Jupiter.
|-
|{{flag|EU}} || [[PROBA-3]] || Earth || {{Operational}} || [[Solar telescope|solar]] [[Coronagraph]] and [[Occulter]] dual satellites developed by [[ESA]]. Successfully launched on 5 December 2024 on a [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]].
|-
|rowspan=10| 2025
|{{flag|USA}} || [[Blue Ghost M1]] || Moon || {{Success}} || Lunar landing technology demonstration at [[Mare Crisium]]. Launched on 15 January 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with [[Hakuto-R Mission 2]]. Landed on 2 March 2025.
|-
|| {{flag|Japan}}
|[[Hakuto-R Mission 2]]
|Moon
|{{Failure}}
|Lunar landing technology demonstration at [[Mare Frigoris]]. Launched on 15 January 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with [[Blue Ghost M1]]. Carried a rover named Tenacious to lunar surface. Failed Landing.
|-
|| {{flag|USA}}
|[[IM-2]]
|Moon
|{{Partial failure}}
|Lunar landing technology demonstration at [[Mare Frigoris]]. Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with [[Lunar Trailblazer]] and [[AstroForge#Odin (Brokkr-2)|Brokkr-2]] and landed on its side on 6 March 2025 and the mission ended sooner without conducting useful science and surface operations. Carried AstroAnt, [[Yaoki]], Micro-Nova and MAPP LV1 rovers to lunar surface.
|-
|| {{flag|USA}}
|[[Lunar Trailblazer]]
|Moon
|{{Failure}}
|Lunar orbiter aimed to aid in the understanding of [[lunar water]] and the Moon's water cycle.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2025 |title=Intuitive Machines' IM-2 Lunar Lander Successfully Commissioned and En Route to the Moon |url=https://investors.intuitivemachines.com/news-releases/news-release-details/intuitive-machines-im-2-lunar-lander-successfully-commissioned |access-date=27 February 2025 |website=investors.intuitivemachines.com}}</ref> Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with [[AstroForge#Odin (Brokkr-2)|Brokkr-2]], Chimera-1 and [[IM-2]].
|-
|| {{flag|USA}}
|[[AstroForge#Odin (Brokkr-2)|Brokkr-2]]
|[[2022 OB5]]
|{{failure}}
|Asteroid flyby of a near-Earth asteroid and determine if the asteroid is metallic.<ref name="sn-20230130">{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/asteroid-mining-startup-astroforge-to-launch-first-missions-this-year-2/ |title=Asteroid mining startup AstroForge to launch first missions this year |date=30 January 2023 |access-date=13 December 2023 |work=SpaceNews.com}}</ref> Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with [[Lunar Trailblazer]], Chimera-1 and [[IM-2]].
|-
|| {{flag|USA}}
|Chimera-1
|[[Moon]]
|{{failure}}
|Failed lunar flyby Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with [[Lunar Trailblazer]], [[AstroForge#Odin (Brokkr-2)|Brokkr-2]] and [[IM-2]].
|-
| {{flag|China}} || Tianwen-2||[[469219 Kamoʻoalewa]] and [[311P/PANSTARRS]]|| {{enroute}}  || [[Tianwen-2]] asteroid orbiter, lander and sample return. Launched on a [[Long March 3B]] launch vehicle on 29 May 2025.
|-
|{{Flag|USA}} || [[Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe]]|| Earth-Sun L<sub>1</sub> point || {{Operational}} ||It is [[NASA]]'s [[heliophysics]] mission that simultaneously investigates two important and coupled science topics in the [[heliosphere]]: the acceleration of energetic particles and interaction of the [[solar wind]] with the local [[interstellar medium]].. It was launched on September 24 with [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] rocket to Earth-Moon L<sub>1</sub> point with [[Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1]] and [[Carruthers Geocorona Observatory]].
|-
|{{Flag|USA}} || [[Carruthers Geocorona Observatory]]|| Earth-Sun L<sub>1</sub> point || {{Operational}} ||It is [[NASA]]'s project, which will survey [[Ultraviolet|ultraviolet light]] emitted by Earth's outermost atmospheric layer, the [[exosphere]], and [[geocorona]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/glide.htm |title=GLIDE (Carruthers Geocorona Observatory) |work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=1 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-heliophysics-missions-of-opportunity-for-space-science-research-and-technology-demonstration/ |title=NASA Selects Heliophysics Missions of Opportunity for Space Science Research and Technology Demonstration |work=NASA |access-date=1 March 2025}}</ref> It was launched on September 24 with [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] rocket to Earth-Moon L<sub>1</sub> point with [[Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe]] and [[Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1]].
|-
|{{Flag|USA}} || [[Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1]]|| Earth-Sun L<sub>1</sub> point || {{Operational}} ||It is [[NOAA]]'s mission to monitor signs of [[solar storm]]s, which may pose harm to Earth's [[telecommunication]] network. It was launched on September 24 with [[Falcon 9 Block 5]] rocket to Earth-Moon L<sub>1</sub> point with [[Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe]] and [[Carruthers Geocorona Observatory]].
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130203192246/http://www.zarya.info/Calendar.php Current and Upcoming Launches]
*[http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/index.cfm Missions-NASA]
*[http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com Unmanned spaceflight discussion forum]
*[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/chronology.html Chronology of Lunar and Planetary Exploration] ([http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/chrono.html homepage])

{{TLS-L}}
{{Space exploration lists and timelines}}

[[Category:Satellites|*]]
[[Category:Spaceflight timelines|Artificial satellites and space probes]]
[[Category:Space probes|*]]