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{{Short description|Welsh lorry driver wrongfully executed for murder (1924–1950)}}{{Other people||Tim Evans (disambiguation){{!}}Tim Evans}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox criminal
|name          = Timothy Evans
|image         = Timothyevans.jpg
|alt           = Evans being escorted by two taller men on either side of him
|caption       = Evans (centre), being escorted by police from Paddington Station to Notting Hill Police Station, December 1949
|birth_date    = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|11|20}}
|birth_place   = [[Merthyr Tydfil]], Glamorgan, Wales
|death_date    = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1950|03|09|1924|11|20}}
|death_place   = [[HMP Pentonville]], London, England
|resting_place = [[St Patrick's Roman Catholic Cemetery]], London, England
|other_names   =
|known_for     = [[Wrongfully executed]] for the murder of his daughter
|occupation    = Lorry driver
| criminal_status = *Executed ({{start date and age|df=yes|1950|03|09}})
* [[Pardon]]ed ({{start date and age|df=yes|1966|10}})
* Partially [[exonerated]] ({{start date and age|df=yes|2004|11|19}})
| conviction = [[Murder in English law|Murder]] (''pardoned'')
| penalty = [[Capital punishment in the United Kingdom|Death]]
}}

'''Timothy John Evans''' (20 November 1924 – 9 March 1950) was a Welsh [[Truck|lorry]] driver who was wrongfully accused of murdering his wife Beryl and infant daughter Geraldine at their residence in [[Notting Hill]], London. In January 1950, Evans was tried and convicted of the murder of his daughter, and on 9 March he was executed by hanging.

During his trial, Evans accused his downstairs neighbour, [[John Christie (serial killer)|John Christie]], who was the chief prosecution witness in the case against him, of committing the murders. 

Three years after Evans's execution, Christie was found to be a [[serial killer]] who had murdered several other women in the same house, including his own wife Ethel. Christie was himself sentenced to death, and while awaiting execution, he confessed to having murdered Mrs. Evans. An official inquiry concluded in 1966 that Christie had murdered Evans's daughter Geraldine, and Evans was granted a posthumous [[pardon]]. The High Court dismissed proceedings to officially [[quash]] Evans's murder conviction in 2004 on the grounds of the cost and resources that would be involved, but acknowledged that Evans did not murder his wife or his daughter, 54 years after his wrongful execution.

The case generated much controversy and is acknowledged to be a [[miscarriage of justice]]. Along with those of [[Derek Bentley]] and [[Ruth Ellis]], the case played a major part in the [[Homicide Act 1957|restriction of]] [[capital punishment in the United Kingdom|capital punishment]] in 1957, the introduction of [[diminished responsibility]] into English law and, eventually, the abolition of hanging for murder in 1965.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Naughton|title=Rethinking Miscarriages of Justice: Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]|location=New York City|date=2007|isbn=978-0-230-39060-7|page=82}}</ref>

==Early life==
Evans was a native of [[Merthyr Tydfil]] in [[Glamorgan]], Wales. His father Daniel abandoned the family in April 1924 before Evans's birth.<ref name="ReferenceA">Oates, p.
43</ref> Evans had an older sister, Eileen, born in 1921<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and a younger half-sister, Maureen, who was born in September 1929.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref name="10-rillington-place.co.uk">{{Cite web | url=https://www.10-rillington-place.co.uk/the_principal_characters.html | title=The Principal Characters | access-date=11 September 2018 | archive-date=12 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912022649/https://www.10-rillington-place.co.uk/the_principal_characters.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Evans's mother remarried in September 1933.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> As a child, Evans had difficulty learning to speak and struggled at school. Following an accident when he was eight, Evans developed a [[prosector's wart|tubercular verruca]] on his right foot that never completely healed and caused him to miss considerable amounts of time from school for treatments, further setting back his education. As a result, when he reached adulthood Evans possessed low literacy skills, often needing others to read lengthy documents to him, although he did possess some ability to read simple passages such as in comics, newspaper football reports and on his wages and receipts. He liked boxing and football, supporting [[Queens Park Rangers]], as did Christie.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>''The Murders of the Black Museum''. p. 465</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Jonathan|last=Oates|date=2012|title=John Christie of Rillington Place: Biography of a Serial Killer| publisher=[[Pen & Sword Books Ltd]]| location=Barnsley, England|isbn=978-1781592885|page=44}}</ref> He was also prone to inventing stories about himself to boost his self-esteem, a trait that continued into adulthood and interfered with his efforts to establish credibility when dealing with the police and courts.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ludovic|last=Kennedy|author-link=Ludovic Kennedy|title=[[Ten Rillington Place]]|publisher=[[Victor Gollancz Ltd]]|location=London, England|pages=53–54}}</ref>

In 1935, his mother and her second husband moved to London, and Evans worked as a [[painter and decorator]] while attending school. He returned to Merthyr Tydfil in 1937 and briefly worked in the coal mines but had to resign because of continuing problems with his foot. In 1939, he returned to London to live again with his mother, and in 1946 they moved to St Mark's Road, Notting Hill. This was just over two minutes' walk from 10 Rillington Place, his future residence after he married. Evans was fined 60 shillings at West London Magistrates' Court on 25 April 1946 for stealing a car, and driving without insurance or a licence.<ref name="10-rillington-place.co.uk" /><ref>Jonathan Oates – John Christie of Rillington Place page 45.</ref>

==Married life==
On 20 September 1947, Evans married Beryl Susanna Thorley, whom he had met in January 1947 on a [[blind date]].<ref>''The Murders of the Black Museum'' pp 464–465</ref> The couple initially lived with Evans's family at St Mark's Road but after Beryl discovered she was pregnant in 1948 they moved into the top-floor flat at 10&nbsp;Rillington Place in the [[Ladbroke Grove]] area of [[Notting Hill]]. Their neighbours in the ground-floor flat were the serial killer [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]], then working as a post office clerk, and his wife, Ethel Christie. Timothy's and Beryl's daughter Geraldine was born on 10 October 1948.<ref>''The Murders of the Black Museum'' p. 465</ref>

Their marriage was characterised by angry quarrels; Beryl was alleged to be a poor housekeeper and incapable of managing the family's finances,<ref name="Kennedy, pp. 57–58">Kennedy, ''Ten Rillington Place'', pp. 57–58</ref> while Timothy misspent his wages on alcohol, and his heavy drinking at the time exacerbated his already short temper.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Two Killers of Rillington Place|last= Eddowes|first= John|year= 1995|publisher= Warner Books|location= London|isbn= 978-0-7515-1285-4|page= 13}}</ref> The arguments between Timothy and Beryl were loud enough to be heard by the neighbours and physical violence between them was witnessed on several occasions.<ref name="Kennedy, pp. 57–58"/> In 1949, Beryl revealed to Timothy that she was pregnant with their second child. Since the family was already struggling financially, Beryl decided to have an abortion. After some initial reluctance, Evans agreed to this course of action.<ref>''The Murders of the Black Museum'' p. 467</ref>

==Events leading to Evans's arrest==
{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2020}}
Several weeks later, on 30 November 1949, Evans informed police at Merthyr Tydfil that his wife had died in unusual circumstances.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carradice |first=Phil |date=16 January 2012 |title=The execution of Timothy Evans |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/webarchive/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fwales%2Fentries%2Fcdc56160-91eb-366d-ae0e-5d9c5a676fe2 |access-date=21 February 2025 |website=BBC Blogs |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> His first confession was that he had accidentally killed her by giving her something in a bottle that a man had given him to abort the foetus; he had then disposed of her body in a sewer drain outside 10&nbsp;Rillington Place. He told the police that after arranging for Geraldine to be looked after, he had gone to Wales. When police examined the drain outside the front of the building, however, they found nothing and, furthermore, discovered that the manhole cover required the combined strength of three officers to remove it.

When re-questioned, Evans changed his story and said that Christie had offered to perform an abortion on Beryl. Evans stated that he had left Christie out of his first statement in order to protect him (abortion being illegal in the UK at this time).  After some deliberation between Evans and his wife, they had both agreed to take up Christie's offer. On 8 November, Evans had returned home from work to be informed by Christie that the abortion had not worked and that Beryl was dead. Christie had said that he would dispose of the body and would make arrangements for a couple from [[East Acton]] to look after Geraldine. He said that Evans should leave London for the meantime. On 14 November, Evans left for Wales to stay with relatives. Evans said he later returned to 10&nbsp;Rillington Place to ask about Geraldine, but Christie had refused to let him see her.

In response to Evans's second statement, the police performed a preliminary search of 10&nbsp;Rillington Place but did not uncover anything incriminating, despite the presence of a human [[thigh bone]] supporting a fence post in the tiny (about {{convert|16|by|14|ft}}) garden. On a more thorough search on 2 December, the police found the body of Beryl Evans, wrapped in a tablecloth in the wash-house in the back garden. Access to the locked wash-house was only possible by using a knife kept by Mrs. Christie. Significantly, the body of Geraldine was also found alongside Beryl's body – Evans had not mentioned he had killed his daughter in either of his statements. Beryl and Geraldine had both been strangled.

Although they examined the garden, the police did not find traces of the skeletal remains of two prior victims of Christie, despite their shallow burial. Christie actually removed the [[human skull|skull]] of Miss Eady when his dog dug it up from the garden around this time, and he disposed of it in a bombed-out building nearby. This vital clue was ignored when the skull was then discovered by children playing in the ruins and handed in to police.

When Evans was shown the clothing taken from the bodies of his wife and child, he was also informed that both had been strangled. This was, according to Evans's statement, the first occasion in which he was informed that his baby daughter had been killed. He was asked whether he was responsible for their deaths. To this, Evans apparently responded, "Yes."<ref>Kennedy, ''Ten Rillington Place'', p. 103</ref> He then apparently confessed to having strangled Beryl during an argument over debts and strangling Geraldine two days later, after which he left for Wales.

This confession, along with other contradictory statements Evans made during the police [[interrogation]], has been cited as proof of his guilt. Several authors who have written about the case have argued that the police provided Evans with all the necessary details for him to make a plausible confession, which they may have in turn edited further while transcribing it.<ref>Kennedy, op. cit., pp. 104–126</ref><ref>Eddowes, M., op. cit., pp. 71–80</ref><ref>Marston, op. cit., pp. 61–62.</ref> Furthermore, the police interrogated Evans over the course of late evening and early morning hours to his physical and emotional detriment, a man already in a highly emotional state. Evans later stated in court that he thought he would be subjected to violence by the police if he did not confess, and this fear along with the shock of discovering that both his wife and daughter had been strangled, likely induced him to make a [[false confession]]. The police investigation was marred by a lack of [[forensic]] expertise, with significant evidence overlooked.

''The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions'' (2003) states that some of the phraseology of the confession seemed more in line with language a police officer might use, rather than that used by an illiterate man, as Evans was.  Evans was kept in solitary confinement for two days before being handed over to the London police. He did not know what was happening other than his wife's body had not been found in the drain as expected. At Notting Hill police station, he was shown his wife's and daughter's clothing, and the ligature which had been used to strangle his daughter. This book cites Ludovic Kennedy as a source for the conclusion that Evans felt tremendous guilt over not doing more to prevent the deaths of his wife and daughter, and particularly that his daughter's murder must have been a tremendous shock.<ref name="The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions, 2003">{{cite book |first=Gisli H. |last=Gudjonsson |url=https://archive.org/details/The_Psychology_of_Interrogations_and_Confessions_A_Handbook/page/n189 |quote=Evans claimed that he was kept up and questioned for hours into the night. |title=The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions: A Handbook |location=West Sussex, England |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2003 |pages=167–170}}</ref>

==Trial and execution==
Evans was put on trial for the murder of his daughter on 11 January 1950 before [[Wilfrid Lewis|Mr Justice Lewis]] and a jury. In accordance with legal practice at the time, the prosecution proceeded only with the single charge of murder, that concerning Geraldine. Beryl's murder, with which Evans was still formally charged, was not formally before the court, though evidence that he had murdered Beryl was used with the aim of establishing Evans's guilt of the murder of Geraldine. Evans, who was represented by [[Malcolm Morris]], withdrew his confession during consultations with his solicitor and alleged that Christie was responsible for the murders in accordance with his second statement given to the police at Merthyr Tydfil. Although this allegation was dismissed by the court as "fantastic"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19530626&id=KX8tAAAAIBAJ&pg=2344,4823406&hl=en|title=Did an Innocent Man Hang? Question in Christie Trial|access-date=5 January 2017|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|date=26 June 1953}}</ref> and Evans's solicitors had also warned him that it was difficult to prove, Evans maintained this defence until his execution.<ref>Kennedy, ''op. cit.'', p. 138</ref> It was subsequently found that his allegation was true.

Christie and his wife, Ethel, were key witnesses for the prosecution. Christie denied that he had offered to abort Beryl's unborn child and gave detailed evidence about the quarrels between Evans and his wife. The defence sought to show that Christie was the murderer, highlighting his past criminal record. Christie had previous convictions for several thefts and for [[malicious wounding]]. The latter case involved Christie striking a woman on the head with a [[cricket bat]]. But his apparent reform, and his service with the police as a [[special constable]], may have impressed the jury. The defence also could not find a motive for which a respected person like Christie would murder two people, whereas the prosecution could use the explanation in Evans's confessions as Evans's motive. Unlike Christie, Evans had no previous convictions for violence, though he had been fined for theft and motoring offences. His conflicting statements undermined his credibility. Had the police conducted a thorough search of the garden and found the bones of two previous victims of Christie, the trial of Evans might not have occurred at all.

The case largely came down to Christie's word against Evans's and the course of the trial turned against Evans. The trial lasted only three days and much key evidence was omitted, or never shown to the jury. Evans was found guilty – the jury taking just 40 minutes to come to its decision. After a failed appeal held before the [[Lord Chief Justice]], [[Lord Goddard]]; [[Frederic Sellers|Mr Justice Sellers]] and [[Travers Humphreys|Mr Justice Humphreys]] on 20 February, Evans was hanged on 9 March 1950 by [[Albert Pierrepoint]], assisted by [[Syd Dernley]] at [[Pentonville Prison]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Fielding|first=Steve|title=Pierrepoint: A Family of Executioners|year=2008|publisher=John Blake Publishing Ltd|isbn=9781844546114}}</ref>

The safety of Evans's conviction was severely criticised when Christie's murders were discovered three years later. During interviews with police and psychiatrists prior to his execution, Christie admitted several times that he had been responsible for the murder of Beryl Evans. If these confessions were true, Evans's second statement detailing Christie's offer to abort Beryl's baby is likely to be the true version of events that took place at Rillington Place on 8 November 1949. [[Ludovic Kennedy]] provided one possible reconstruction of how the murder took place, surmising that an unsuspecting Beryl let Christie into her flat, expecting the abortion to be carried out, but was instead attacked and then strangled.<ref>Kennedy, ''Ten Rillington Place'', p. 65</ref> Christie claimed to have possibly engaged in sexual intercourse with Beryl's body after her death (he claimed to be unable to remember the precise details) but her [[post-mortem]] had failed to uncover evidence of [[sexual intercourse]].<ref>Brabin, ''Rillington Place'', pp. 62–63.  Kennedy (p. 137) argued that there was evidence that sexual intercourse had been performed on Beryl Evans after death, pointing to a brief from Evans's legal team saying so. As Eddowes, J. (pp. 117–124) highlights, the pathologist, Dr Teare, on whose work the brief was based, denied this is what he meant and that the evidence referred to pointed rather to a self-inflicted injury carried out by Beryl to abort herself.</ref> In his confessions to Beryl's death, Christie denied he had agreed to carry out an abortion on Beryl. He instead claimed to have strangled her while being intimate with her, or that she had wanted to commit suicide and he helped her do so.<ref>Marston, ''John Christie'', pp. 85–86</ref>

One important fact was not brought up in Evans's trial: two workmen were willing to testify that there were no bodies in the wash-house when they worked there several days after Evans supposedly hid them.<ref>''John Christie of Rillington Place: Biography of a Serial Killer'' p. 73</ref> They stored their tools in the wash-room (a small outhouse measuring {{convert|54|by|52|in|cm}}) and cleaned it out completely when they finished their work on 11 November. Their evidence in itself would have raised doubts about the veracity of Evans's alleged confessions, but the workmen were not called to give evidence. Indeed, the police re-interviewed the workmen and forced them to change their evidence to fit the preconceived idea that Evans was the sole murderer. The murderer, Christie, would have hidden the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine in the temporarily vacant first-floor flat, and then moved them to the wash-house four days later when the workmen had finished.

==John Christie==
Three years later, Christie vacated his premises at 10 Rillington Place and the landlord allowed an upstairs tenant, Beresford Brown, to use Christie's kitchen. Brown found the bodies of three women (Kathleen Maloney, Rita Nelson and Hectorina Maclennan) hidden in a papered-over kitchen pantry, a recess immediately next to the wash-house where Beryl and Geraldine Evans had been found. A further search of the building and grounds turned up three more bodies: Christie's wife, Ethel, under the floorboards of the front room; Ruth Fuerst, an Austrian nurse and munitions worker; and Muriel Eady, a former colleague of Christie, who were both buried in the right-hand side of the small back garden of the building. Christie had even used one of their thigh bones to prop up a trellis in the garden, which the police had missed in their earlier searches of the property.

Christie was arrested on 31 March 1953, and during the course of interrogation confessed four separate times to killing Beryl Evans, although he had never admitted to killing Geraldine Evans. He confessed to murdering Fuerst and Eady, saying he had stored their bodies in the wash-room before burying them in shallow graves in the garden. It was in the same wash-room that the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine Evans had been found during the investigation into their murders. Christie was found guilty of murdering his wife and was hanged on 15 July 1953 by [[Albert Pierrepoint]], the same hangman who had executed Evans at the same prison three years prior.

Because Christie's crimes raised doubts about Evans's guilt in the murders of his wife and daughter, the serving Home Secretary, [[David Maxwell-Fyfe]], commissioned an inquiry to investigate the possibility of a miscarriage of justice. It was chaired by the [[Recorder (judge)|Recorder]] of [[Portsmouth]], John Scott Henderson, [[Queen's Counsel|QC]]. The inquiry ran for one week and its findings upheld Evans's guilt in both murders with the explanation that Christie's confessions of murdering Beryl Evans were unreliable because they were made in the context of supporting his defence that he was insane. The conclusion was met with scepticism by the press and the public alike: if Christie's confessions were unreliable, why should those of Evans be acceptable? The inquiry ignored vital evidence and led to more questions in [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]], especially from [[Geoffrey Bing]], [[Reginald Paget]], [[Sydney Silverman]], [[Michael Foot]] and many other MPs. The controversy was to continue until it led eventually to the [[culpability|exculpation]] of Evans and a declaration of his innocence of the murder of both his wife and his daughter.

The murder of Beryl Evans was never a primary charge in the trials of either Evans or Christie. The former had been charged with the murder of his daughter and the latter with the murder of Mrs. Christie. Hence questions that went to the murder of Mrs. Evans were not those with which the trials were especially concerned. When Christie was later the subject of the Scott Henderson Inquiry, questions drafted by a solicitor representing Evans's mother were deemed not relevant and Scott Henderson retained the right of deciding if they could be asked.<ref>Marston, op. cit., p. 97</ref>

==Campaign to overturn Evans's conviction==
In 1955, [[David Astor]], editor of ''[[The Observer]]'', [[Ian Gilmour]], editor of ''[[The Spectator]]'', <!-- Inherited the title in December 1955, but later disclaimed it; he is more commonly referred to as John Grigg. -->[[John Grigg]], editor of ''The National and English Review'', and Sir Lynton Andrews, editor of ''[[The Yorkshire Post]]'', formed a delegation to petition the Home Secretary for a new inquiry because of their dissatisfaction with the conclusions of the Scott Henderson Inquiry.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Two Killers of Rillington Place|last= Eddowes|first= John|year= 1995|publisher= Warner Books|location= London|isbn= 978-0-7515-1285-4|pages= xvi–xv}}</ref> In the same year, barrister [[Michael Eddowes]] examined the case and wrote the book ''The Man on Your Conscience'', which argued that Evans could not have been the killer on the basis that if he were, there were a number of extraordinary coincidences with his crimes and Christie's, most notably that two strangler murderers, who both used a ligature to kill their victims, had been living in the same property at the same time, unknown to each other.<ref>Eddowes, M., ''op. cit.'', pp. 48–50</ref>

The television journalist [[Ludovic Kennedy]]'s book ''Ten Rillington Place'' criticised the police investigation and evidence submitted at the 1950 trial in which Evans was found guilty. This produced another Parliamentary debate in 1961 but still no second inquiry.<ref>Eddowes, J., ''The Two Killers of Rillington Place'', p. xvi</ref>

In 1965, [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] politician Herbert Wolfe of [[Darlington]], County Durham contacted <!-- Not knighted until 2004. -->[[Harold Evans]], then editor of ''[[The Northern Echo]]''. He and Kennedy formed the Timothy Evans Committee. The result of a prolonged campaign was that the Home Secretary, [[Sir Frank Soskice]], ordered a new inquiry chaired by High Court judge [[Sir Daniel Brabin]] in 1965–66. Brabin found it was "more probable than not" that Evans murdered his wife and that he did not murder his daughter. This was contrary to the prosecution case in Evans's trial, which held that both murders had been committed by the same person as a single act. The victims' bodies had been found together in the same location and had been murdered in the same way by strangulation.

Brabin went to great lengths to prefer police evidence wherever possible and exonerate them of any [[police misconduct|misconduct]], and he did not address the allegations made by Kennedy about the validity of several of the confessions allegedly made by Evans. He also did not consider the incompetence of the police in their searches of the garden at Rillington Place. The enquiry did little to settle the many issues which arose from the case, but, by exonerating Evans of killing his child, was crucial in subsequent events.

Since Evans had only been convicted of his daughter's murder, [[Roy Jenkins]], Soskice's successor as Home Secretary, recommended a [[royal pardon]] for Evans, which was granted in October 1966. In 1965, Evans's remains were exhumed from [[Pentonville Prison]] and reburied in [[St Patrick's Roman Catholic Cemetery]] in [[Leytonstone]], Greater London.<ref>{{hansard|1965/nov/25/timothy-evans-reinterment|accessdate=30 April 2020}}</ref> The outcry over the Evans case contributed to the suspension and then abolition of [[capital punishment in the United Kingdom]].

==Status of Evans's guilty verdict==
[[File:Timothy Evans Grave.JPG|thumb|The grave of Evans]]
In January 2003, the [[Home Office]] awarded Evans's half-sister, Mary Westlake, and his sister, Eileen Ashby, ''[[ex gratia]]'' payments as compensation for the miscarriage of justice in Evans's trial. The independent assessor for the Home Office, [[Daniel Brennan, Baron Brennan|Lord Brennan]] QC, accepted that "the conviction and execution of Timothy Evans for the murder of his child was wrongful and a [[miscarriage of justice]]" and that "there is no evidence to implicate Timothy Evans in the murder of his wife. She was most probably murdered by Christie." Lord Brennan believed that the Brabin Report's conclusion that Evans probably murdered his wife should be rejected given Christie's confessions and conviction.<ref name=WestlakeReviewCommission>{{cite BAILII | litigants = Mary Westlake v Criminal Cases Review Commission | court = EWHC | division = Admin | year = 2004 | num = 2779 | date = 17 November 2004 | courtname = auto | accessdate = 22 September 2009 }}. It includes a segment from the Hansard transcript of Jenkins's decision to recommend a pardon in the House of Commons.</ref>

On 16 November 2004, Westlake began an application for judicial review in the [[High Court of Justice|High Court]], challenging a decision by the [[Criminal Cases Review Commission]] not to refer Evans's case to the [[Court of Appeal of England and Wales|Court of Appeal]] to have his conviction formally [[motion to quash|quashed]]. She argued that Evans's pardon had not formally expunged his conviction of murdering his daughter, and although the Brabin report had concluded that Evans probably did not kill his daughter, it had not declared him innocent. The report also contained the "devastating" conclusion that Evans had probably killed his wife.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news|url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4015283.stm|title= Hanged man's pardon 'inadequate'|date= 16 November 2004|publisher= BBC News|access-date= 6 September 2010|archive-date= 5 December 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081205131756/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4015283.stm|url-status= live}}</ref> The request to refer the case was dismissed on 19 November 2004, with the judges saying that the cost and resources of quashing the conviction could not be justified, as there is no "tangible benefit" when "the convicted person has been executed and there are no other penalties ensuing", although they believe "Timothy Evans should indeed be regarded as having been innocent of the charge of which he was convicted."<ref name="WestlakeReviewCommission"/>

==In media==
* [[Ewan MacColl]] wrote the song "The Ballad of Tim Evans" (also known as "Go Down You Murderer") about the case.  MacColl said in his autobiography that the song was used in many news programmes and documentaries, but that many broadcasters were uncomfortable with the last verse which reads "They sent Tim Evans to the drop for a crime he did not do / It was Christy was the murderer and the judge and jury too."<ref>{{cite book |last=MacColl |first=Ewan |date=1990 |title=Journeyman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQYtAAAAMAAJ&q=timothy+evans |location=London |publisher=Sidgwick & Jackson |page=277 |isbn=0-283-06036-0 }}</ref> In some recordings of the song, this is altered to: "It was Christy was the murderer and everybody knew / They sent Tim Evans to the drop for a crime he didn't do." The song was covered by the American folk singer [[Judy Collins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/RainbowQuest32|title=Pete Seeger's Rainbow Quest, Episode 32: Judy Collins|year=1966 |access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref> Irish folk singer [[Christy Moore]] also covered the song.
* The film ''[[10 Rillington Place]]'' was released in the UK on 10 February 1971. It was directed by [[Richard Fleischer]] and starred [[Richard Attenborough]] as John Christie, [[Judy Geeson]] as Beryl Evans, [[John Hurt]] as Timothy Evans, and [[Pat Heywood]] as Ethel Christie.
* In the 2016 [[BBC]] dramatisation ''[[Rillington Place]]'', Evans was portrayed by [[Nico Mirallegro]].
* According to ''[[Yes Minister]]'' co-writer [[Antony Jay]], the Evans case was part of the inspiration for the television satire because of [[Frank Soskice]]'s refusal to reopen the case despite having himself appealed for an inquiry while in opposition.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jay |first1=Antony |title=Informed Sources |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v02/n10/antony-jay/informed-sources |journal=London Review of Books |date=22 May 1980 |volume=02 |issue=10 |access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref>
* "The Ballad of Tim Evans" is used as background in a scene in ''[[A Bucket of Blood]]'' and performed by actor and musician [[Alex Hassilev]]. 

==See also==
* [[Forensic linguistics]]
* [[Francis Camps]]
* [[List of miscarriage of justice cases]]
* [[Mahmood Hussein Mattan]], who was also wrongfully executed in the United Kingdom
* [[Philip Allen, Baron Allen of Abbeydale]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Report of an inquiry into certain matters arising out of the deaths of Mrs. Beryl Evans and of Geraldine Evans and out of the conviction of Timothy John Evans of the murder of Geraldine Evans. Report by Mr. J. Scott Henderson, Q.C. [[Command paper|Cmd.]] 8896. HMSO, July 1953.
* The case of Timothy John Evans. Supplementary Report by Mr. J. Scott Henderson, Q.C. [[Command paper|Cmd.]] 8946. HMSO, September 1953.
* [[Michael Eddowes]], ''The Man on Your Conscience: An Investigation of the Evans Murder Trial'', Cassell and Co (1955).
* {{Cite book |title= The Trials of Timothy John Evans and John Reginald Halliday Christie|last= Jesse|first= F. Tennyson|author-link= Fryniwyd Tennyson Jesse |year= 1957|publisher= Notable Trials series, William Hodge}}
* {{cite book |title= Ten Rillington Place|author= Ludovic Kennedy|author-link= Ludovic Kennedy|year= 1961|publisher= Victor Gollancz Ltd|location= London}}
* The case of Timothy John Evans. Report of an Inquiry by The Hon. Mr. Justice Brabin. [[Command paper|Cmnd.]] 3101. HMSO, October 1966.
* {{cite book |title= Rillington Place|author= Daniel Brabin|year= 1999|publisher= The Stationery Office|location= London|isbn= 978-0-11-702417-5 }}
* {{cite book |title= The Two Killers of Rillington Place|author= John Eddowes|year= 1995|publisher= Warner Books|location= London|isbn= 978-0-7515-1285-4}}
* {{cite book|title= John Christie|author= Edward Marston|author-link= Keith Miles|year= 2007|publisher= The National Archives|location= Surrey|isbn= 978-1-905615-16-2|url= https://archive.org/details/johnchristie0000mars|url-access= registration}}
* {{cite book|title= John Christie of Rillington Place|author= Jonathan Oates|author-link= Jonathan Oates|year= 2012|publisher= Wharncliffe True Crime|location= Barnsley}}
* {{cite book|title= Build Up (2 volumes)|author= Norman Morgan|author-link= Norman Morgan|year= 2023|publisher= Mereo Books|location= Cirencester}}

==External links==
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080906231140/http://www.innocent.org.uk/cases/timothyevans/timothyevans.pdf Discussion of the case]}}
* [http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.php?title=John_Christie_/_Timothy_Evans_Case  Archive of Documents]
* [http://www.parmaq.com/truecrime/Rillington.htm Discussion of the murders] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125162916/http://www.parmaq.com/truecrime/Rillington.htm |date=25 January 2021 }}
* {{YouTube|bBKoHvxTzWY|''Go Down Ye Murderers'' (The Ballad of Tim Evans) sung by Christy Moore}}
* {{YouTube|ZbsquBC34RE|''Go Down Ye Murderers'' (The Ballad of Tim Evans) sung by Paddy Reilly}}
* [http://www.10-rillington-place.co.uk Location and Mythology]
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/8556721.stm The long wait for justice]

{{Miscarriage of justice in the UK}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Evans, Timothy}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by England and Wales]]
[[Category:1949 in London]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by England and Wales]]
[[Category:British people executed for murder]]
[[Category:People from Merthyr Tydfil]]
[[Category:British people wrongfully convicted of murder]]
[[Category:Recipients of British royal pardons]]
[[Category:Executed Welsh people]]
[[Category:Welsh people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:People who have received posthumous pardons]]
[[Category:People from Notting Hill]]
[[Category:Wrongful executions in the United Kingdom]]