View source for Tom Hurndall

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{{Short description|British activist (1981–2004)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Thomas Hurndall
| image              = Tom Hurndall.jpg
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=y|1981|11|27}}
| birth_place        = London, England
| death_date         = {{death date and age|df=y|2004|01|13|1981|11|29}}
| death_place        = London, England
| death_cause        = [[Gunshot wound]]
| occupation         = Photography student, [[peace activist]]
}}
'''Thomas Hurndall''' (27 November 1981 – 13 January 2004) was a British photography student, a [[Volunteering|volunteer]] for the [[International Solidarity Movement]] (ISM), and an activist against the [[Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories]]. On 11 April 2003, he was shot in the [[Gaza Strip]] by an [[Israel|Israeli]] [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] [[sniper]], [[Taysir Hayb]]. Hurndall was left in a coma and died nine months later.

Hayb was convicted of [[manslaughter]] and [[obstruction of justice]] by an Israeli [[military court]] in April 2005 and sentenced to eight years in prison.<ref name = BBC1>{{cite news
| url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4140586.stm
| title = Soldier jailed for activist death 
| access-date = 24 October 2006
| date = 11 August 2005
| publisher = [[BBC News]]
}}
</ref> On 10 April 2006, a British [[inquest]] jury returned a verdict of [[unlawful killing]].<ref name=Atkinson>{{cite news
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,,1750915,00.html
| title = British peace activist was 'intentionally killed'
| access-date = 24 October 2006
| last = Atkinson
| first = Simon
|author2=agencies
 | date = 10 April 2006
| work = [[The Guardian]]
| location=London
}}
</ref><ref name="Dyer 2006">{{cite journal |last=Dyer |first=Clare |title=Goldsmith flies to Israel to investigate shooting of Britons |journal=The Guardian |issue=22 May|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/may/22/israelandthepalestinians.foreignpolicy |access-date=13 December 2008 | location=London | date=22 May 2006}}</ref>

Tom's mother Jocelyn Hurndall has written a biography of him called ''Defy the Stars: The Life and Tragic Death of Tom Hurndall'', published in April 2007 and reprinted in May 2008 with the alternative title ''My Son Tom: The Life and Tragic Death of Tom Hurndall''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/Books/details.aspx?isbn=9780747592884|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720001823/http://www.bloomsbury.com/Books/details.aspx?isbn=9780747592884|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 July 2012|title=My Son Tom|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|access-date=14 July 2009}}</ref> His sister, Sophie, works for [[Medical Aid for Palestinians]].

==Student turns activist==
Hurndall was educated at [[Winchester College]], a boarding independent school in [[Winchester]] in England.<ref name=GuardianObit>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jan/22/guardianobituaries.israel|title=Tom Hurndall (Obituary)|work=The Guardian|author=Arrindell, Carl|date=22 January 2004|access-date=12 January 2015}}</ref>

Aged 21, Tom Hurndall took a working break from his degree course at [[Manchester Metropolitan University]] in photographic journalism to join the "[[Human shield action to Iraq|human shields]]" in [[Iraq]] before the 2003 [[Iraq War]]. As the volunteers ran out of money and war became inevitable, he moved to [[Jordan]] and donated [[Pound sterling|£]]500 to medical supplies for [[refugee]]s from Iraq. It was here that he encountered the [[International Solidarity Movement]] (ISM), and decided to make his way overland to [[Gaza City|Gaza]]. He arrived in the town of [[Rafah]] on 6 April 2003 and began emailing images of the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) and the Palestinians back to his family. His ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]'' obituary states that "the tone of his journals changed dramatically"<ref name=GuardianObit/> and he justified his new location with "No one could say I wasn't seeing what needs to be seen now".

{{quote|What do I want from this life? What makes you happy is not enough. All the things that satisfy our instincts only satisfy the animal in us. I want to be proud of myself. I want more. I want to look up to myself and when I die, I want to smile because of the things I have done, not cry for the things I haven't done.|Tom Hurndall}}

==Death==
In April 2003, the IDF were on a mission in the [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] border town of [[Rafah]]. Hurndall and a group of activists were in the area, having planned to set up a peace tent on one of the nearby roads to blockade IDF tank patrols. Hurndall was shot in the head on 11 April 2003. According to the IDF, an Israeli checkpoint came under fire from [[Palestinian militant]]s, and the soldiers at the checkpoint returned fire. Hurndall's group of nine activists abandoned their protest to seek cover. Hurndall then ran out into the street to save two children and was shot in the head by an IDF soldier. He was taken to a Palestinian hospital in Rafah, and was declared clinically dead.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3104684,00.html|title=Soldier guilty in Brit activist's death|newspaper=Ynetnews|date=27 June 2005|last1=Greenberg|first1=By Hanan}}</ref> The IDF transferred him to Israel, and he was taken to [[Soroka Medical Center]] in [[Beersheba]], where he was kept on a ventilator and underwent surgery. Six weeks after the surgery, he was flown back to the United Kingdom, where he was taken to the [[Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability]] in London, where he remained in a [[persistent vegetative state]], suffering from irreversible brain damage. He died on {{nowrap|13 January}} 2004, after nine months in a coma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/2941885.stm|title=Shot activist's family fly to Israel|date=12 April 2003|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4920627|title=Taysir al-Heib Conviction Sets Double Precedent|date=13 July 2005|work=Haaretz}}</ref>

His father told a British inquest that, according to ISM and Palestinian witnesses, Hurndall had seen a group of children playing and had noticed that bullets were hitting the ground between them. Several children had run away but some were "paralysed with fear"<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jan/22/guardianobituaries.israel "As IDF rifle fire hit the mound, the children fled. But three, aged between four and seven, were paralysed by fear"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209105556/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jan/22/guardianobituaries.israel |date=9 December 2020 }}. Guardian Obituary, 22 January 2004. Verified 16 January 2009.</ref> and Hurndall went to help them. Hurndall's father told the inquest: "Tom went to take one girl out of the line of fire, which he did successfully, but when he went back, as he knelt down [to collect another], he was shot."<ref name=Atkinson/>

==Israeli inquiry and trial==
The IDF initially refused more than a routine internal inquiry, which concluded that Hurndall was shot accidentally in the crossfire, and suggested that his group's members were essentially functioning as human shields.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} However, [[witness]]es at the demonstration in the Palestinian town of Rafah said he had been hit by a rifle bullet while trying to [[human shielding|shield]] the children rather than having been merely hit in the [[crossfire]], and Hurndall's parents demanded an investigation.<ref name = Atkinson />

===Investigation as a result of pressure===
As pressure from the parents mounted, supported in part by [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|British Foreign Secretary]] [[Jack Straw]], in October 2003 Israel's [[Military Advocate General|Judge Advocate General]] [[Menachem Finkelstein]] ordered the IDF to open a further [[military police]] investigation into Hurndall's death.

===Taysir Hayb's early testimony===
{{main|Taysir Hayb}}

[[Idier Wahid Taysir Hayb]] (or al-Heib) claimed he had shot at a man in military fatigues although photographic [[evidence]] clearly showed Hurndall was wearing a [[safety clothing|bright orange jacket]] denoting he was a foreigner. Hayb was an award-winning [[marksman]] and his rifle had a [[telescopic sight]]. He claimed to have aimed four inches from Hurndall's head, "but he moved". Hayb said a policy of shooting at unarmed civilians existed at the time.<ref name="flocktoiraq">{{cite news|title=Parents fight to learn why Israeli sniper shot their son|work=[[The Observer]], 30 January 2005|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/30/israel|access-date=27 May 2007 | location=London | first=Mark | last=Townsend | date=30 January 2005}}</ref>

===Autopsy report===
The defence in the trial of Sergeant Hayb attempted to raise doubts as to what ultimately caused Hurndall's death. A military court was informed that Hurndall died of [[pneumonia]]. [[Chen Kugel]], an Israeli [[forensic pathologist]] appearing for the defence, stated that the pneumonia had not been properly treated and "the large amounts of morphine" Hurndall was receiving contributed to his death.<ref name = Times>{{cite news
| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,251-1603781,00.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060106115831/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,251-1603781,00.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 6 January 2006
| title = Israeli sniper blames British doctors for death of activist
| access-date = 24 October 2006
| last = Farrago
| first = Yonit
|author2=Stephen Farrell
 | date = 9 May 2005
| work = [[The Times]]
| location=London
}}
</ref> The court rejected these claims.<ref name = Atkinson />

===Hayb's change of testimony===
On 1 January 2004, Sergeant Hayb, a 20-year-old IDF soldier, appeared in court to have his custody extended. Apparently he had been arrested in late December 2003 and an IDF press release said that he had "admitted to firing in proximity to an unarmed civilian as a deterrent". Initially the soldier admitted to shooting what he described as a man wearing a [[uniform]] of a Palestinian [[Political faction|faction]] and armed with a [[pistol]]. Upon further [[interrogation]], he changed his story, and said he had fired a shot near an unarmed civilian as a [[deterrence (psychology)|deterrent]], but ended up hitting him unintentionally.

===Indictments===
After his changed testimony, the soldier was indicted on six charges, including a charge of [[aggravated assault]]. Following Hurndall's death, the military judge overseeing the case indicated the charge was likely to be changed to [[manslaughter]] or murder.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

On 12 February 2004, the charge was upgraded to one of manslaughter. According to an army statement, he was also charged with "intent to cause injury, two counts of [[obstruction of justice]], one count of submitting false information, one count of incitement to submit false information and one count of [[Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman|conduct unbecoming]]."{{fact|date=October 2020}}

On 10 May 2004, Sergeant Hayb's trial began at a military court in [[Ashkelon]]. There were six indictments: [[manslaughter]]; two counts of [[obstruction of justice]]; [[incitement]] to [[false testimony]]; false testimony; improper [[Misconduct|conduct]]. Hayb had entered a [[plea]] of "[[Not guilty (plea)|Not Guilty]]" to all charges at an earlier non-public [[Hearing (law)|hearing]]. After some argument over the admissibility of Hayb's confession, the trial was adjourned until 19 May 2004. The trial remained adjourned for much of the time leading up to early August 2004.{{fact|date=October 2020}}

===Verdict===
On 27 June 2005, Hayb was convicted of manslaughter, obstruction of justice, giving false testimony and inducing comrades in his unit to bear false witness; on 11 August 2005, he was sentenced to eleven and a half years for [[manslaughter]] by a military court, of which he was to serve eight years in prison.<ref name = BBC1 /><ref name="Dyer 2006"/> In August 2010, an army committee headed by Advocate-General [[Avichai Mandelblit]] shortened Hayb's sentence for good behaviour, resulting in his serving a total of six and a half years in custody.<ref>{{Cite web |title=קוצר עונש המאסר של חייל שהרג פעיל שלום |trans-title=Prison sentence of soldier who killed peace activist shortened |author= |work=וואלה! |date=19 July 2010 |access-date=29 January 2022 |url= https://news.walla.co.il/item/1711907 |language=he}}</ref>

===Military police report access denial===
Tom Hurndall's family and their legal team were denied access to the military police report which led to the trial. After an appeal to the [[Israeli Supreme Court]], in early August the state prosecution offered the legal team access to the report, but not to the Hurndall family themselves. According to a spokesman for the Tom Hurndall Foundation,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514034123/http://www.tomhurndall.co.uk/index.html Tom Hurndall Foundation]. Verified 7 October 2008.</ref> this will allow them to decide whether Hayb could be indicted for the more serious charge of murder, and to find out if responsibility for Hurndall's death lies higher up the chain of command.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/3552786.stm Lawyers see Gaza shooting report] . BBC 10 August 2004. Verified 16 January 2009.</ref>

==Coroner's inquest==
On 10 April 2006, an [[English law|English]] [[Inquests in England and Wales|inquest]] jury at [[St Pancras, London|St Pancras]] [[coroner]]'s court in London found that Hurndall had been "unlawfully killed". Hurndall's father told reporters that there had been a "general policy" to shoot civilians in the area without fear of [[reprisal]]s,<ref name=Atkinson/> as stated by the soldier who fired the shot, Taysir Hayb. Hayb had earlier told a military [[tribunal]] that the [[Israeli army]] "fires freely in [[Rafah]]."<ref name=Dodd10>Dodd, Vikram. [https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,,1750487,00.html "Israel to boycott inquest into death of British peace activist shot in Gaza"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031161343/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/apr/10/israel |date=31 October 2022 }}, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 10 April 2006.</ref> The lawyer representing the family, [[Michael Mansfield]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]], stated: 

<blockquote>
Make no mistake about it, the Israeli defence force have today been found culpable by this jury of murder.</blockquote>

A week earlier, an inquest found that the British journalist [[James Miller (filmmaker)|James Miller]] had been killed by an Israeli soldier just three weeks after Mr. Hurndall was shot, a mile away from Hurndall's position. The [[coroner]] Dr. Andrew Reid stated that he would write to the [[Attorney General for England and Wales|Attorney General]] about how similar incidents could be prevented, including the possible prosecutions of Israeli commanders, and that the case raised issues of command within the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]]. He stated that "two British citizens engaged in lawful activities" had been killed by Israeli soldiers, and that "British citizens, journalists, photographers or others may be subject to the risk of fatal shots."<ref name=Dodd11>Dodd, Vikram. [https://www.theguardian.com/frontpage/story/0,,1751369,00.html "Calls for UK to act over Britons shot dead in Gaza"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031161343/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/apr/11/israelandthepalestinians.warcrimes |date=31 October 2022 }}, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 11 April 2006.</ref>

==Media==
Tom's mother Jocelyn Hurndall wrote a commentary in ''[[The Guardian]]'' on 10 January 2004, in which she stated:

<blockquote>It seems that life is cheap in the occupied territories. Different value attached to life depends on whether the victim happens to be Israeli, international or Palestinian.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jan/10/comment/print|title=What price a life?|first=Jocelyn|last=Hurndall|work=The Guardian|date=2004-01-10|access-date=2009-07-14 | location=London}}</ref></blockquote>

==Documentaries==
On 13 October 2008, [[Channel 4]] broadcast a dramatised documentary ''The Shooting of Thomas Hurndall'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/health/microsites/T/thomas-hurndall/|title=The Shooting of Thomas Hurndall from Channel4.com}}</ref> which was written by Simon Block and directed by [[Rowan Joffe]]. [[Stephen Dillane]] plays Anthony Hurndall and [[Kerry Fox]] plays Jocelyn Hurndall. Anthony and Jocelyn Hurndall were interviewed at length in ''The Observer'' prior to the airing of the documentary:<ref name=guardian2008>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/oct/12/israelandthepalestinians-channel4|title=They shot our son but they can't kill his spirit|last=Kellaway|first=Kate|work=The Observer|date=12 October 2008|access-date=13 July 2009 | location=London}}</ref>

{{quote|They shot our son but they can't kill his spirit.|Anthony and Jocelyn Hurndall}}

''The Shooting of Thomas Hurndall'' was nominated for the [[British Academy Television Awards 2009|2009 British Academy Television Award]] for [[British Academy Television Award for Best Single Drama|Best Single Drama]] (Simon Block, Rowan Joffe, Barney Reisz, [[Charles Furneaux (TV producer)|Charles Furneaux]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7960662.stm|title=Bafta nod for EastEnders' Brown|access-date=24 March 2009|publisher=BBC News | date=24 March 2009}}</ref> and won [[British Academy Television Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Stephen Dillane) and Best Director Fiction/Entertainment (Rowan Joffe).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7960793.stm|title=Bafta TV Awards 2009: The winners |date=26 April 2009|publisher=BBC News|access-date=28 April 2009}}</ref> At the [[Monte Carlo TV Festival]] Rowan Joffe won Golden Nymph 2009 as Best Director in a TV Film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1145529/awards|title=The Shooting of Thomas Hurndall|publisher=IMDb}}</ref>

==Artistic tributes==
{{Main|The Skies are Weeping}}

Tom Hurndall memorialised in second movement (''Dance for Tom Hurndall (no lyrics)'') of US composer [[Philip Munger]]'s 2003 [[cantata]] [[The Skies are Weeping]] which is titled after by Thushara Wijeratna's poem. The cantata which comprises seven movements for a [[soprano]] [[Solo (music)|soloist]], [[chamber choir]], and [[percussion ensemble]],<ref name="flashpoint">Bryson, George. (25 April 2004). [http://dwb.adn.com/life/story/5003946p-4931783c.html "Flashpoint cantata: Alaska composer's tribute to a dead American activist exposes sharp conflict over art, balance and freedom of expression."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920013103/http://dwb.adn.com/life/story/5003946p-4931783c.html |date=20 September 2008 }} ''Anchorage Daily News''.</ref> is written in memory of [[Rachel Corrie]], an American member of the [[International Solidarity Movement]] killed in 2003 by a bulldozer operated by the [[Israel Defense Forces]] while she tried to prevent a house demolition in the southern [[Gaza Strip]] during the [[Second Intifada]].

==Memorial lectures==

Since 2005, an annual Memorial Lecture has been held at [[Manchester Metropolitan University]]. Speakers have included [[Salman Abu-Sitta]], [[Ilan Pappé]], [[Avi Shlaim]], [[Karma Nabulsi]], [[Eyal Weizman]], [[Adam Hanieh]], [[Penny Green]], [[Miriyam Aouragh]], [[Rabab Abdulhadi]] and several others.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hurndall Memorial Lecture |url=https://hurndallmemoriallecture.wordpress.com/ |website=Hurndall Memorial Lecture |access-date=25 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The lectures from 2005 to 2021 have been published in the collection ''For Palestine: Essays from the Tom Hurndall Memorial Lecture Group''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parker |first1=Ian |author1-link=Ian Parker (psychologist) |title=For Palestine Essays from the Tom Hurndall Memorial Lecture Group |date=2023 |publisher=Open Book Publishers |location=Cambridge |isbn=9781805110309 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Iain Hook]] – British military officer and aid worker for UNRWA killed by IDF sniper in the [[West Bank]], 22 November 2002.
*[[James Miller (filmmaker)|James Miller]] – British filmmaker fatally shot in Gaza by IDF sniper, 2 May 2003.
*[[Rachel Corrie]] – American ISM volunteer killed by Israeli [[bulldozer]] in Gaza, 16 March 2003.
*[[Brian Avery (activist)|Brian Avery]] – American ISM volunteer shot and severely disfigured in [[Jenin]], 5 April 2003.
*[[Ayşenur Ezgi Eygi]] – Turkish-American ISM volunteer who, like Hurndall, was shot in the head by an Israeli sniper in the [[West Bank]], 6 September 2024

==Notes==

{{reflist}}

==References==
*Initial news stories on the shooting (April 2003), from [[Ha'aretz]] [https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=283221&contrassID=1] and the [[BBC News]] [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2940515.stm Israeli troops 'wound Briton']	
*A news story reporting the opening of the investigation (October 2003), from the BBC News [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/3216715.stm Inquiry into activist shot in Israel]	
*News stories reporting the arrest of an IDF soldier (January 2004), from Ha'aretz [https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=378280&contrassID=1] and the BBC News [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3360149.stm Israeli soldier held over shot Briton]
*News stories reporting Hurndall's death, from Ha'aretz [https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/383022.html] and the BBC News [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3394899.stm Shot British peace activist dies].	
*A news story reporting a claim in the indictment that the soldier in question tried to cover up the shooting, from [[The Daily Telegraph]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20051224161155/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/01/18/wisr18.xml&sSheet=/portal/2004/01/18/ixportal.html Telegraph | News | Soldier 'tried to cover up killing of British activist'].	
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/30/israel Parents fight to learn why Israeli sniper shot their son ] – Published 30 January 2005 '' by [[The Observer]]''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060106115831/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,251-1603781,00.html Times article reporting doubts on what ultimately caused Tom's death]. The Times, 9 May 2005.
* Haaretz article about the conviction: [https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/593011.html]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060319073255/http://www.kayotix.com/tmp/newsfeeds/27.06.05/hurndall/ Archived news video footage of Tom Hurndall]

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*{{IMDb title|1145529}} Channel 4 Documentary
*[http://www.tomhurndall.co.uk/ The Thomas Hurndall Fund]	
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041013122855/http://www.tomhurndall.co.uk/resources/maariv-english.pdf Translation of Maariv article of 27 November 2003] (PDF)	
*[http://london.mfa.gov.il/mfm/Data/79115.doc Embassy of Israel in London Press Release]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090213141651/http://ourmedia.org/node/164505 Video of IDF spokesperson claiming Tom was wearing fatigues and brandishing a pistol]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090203111529/http://ourmedia.org/node/165209 Video taken moments after Tom was shot]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000554/http://www.muslimnews.co.uk/paper/index.php?article=2416 Britons were intentionally killed by IDF, says inquest]
*[http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/authors.php?auid=4985] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812220235/http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/authors.php?auid=4985 |date=12 August 2009 }}
*[https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fiskrsquos-world-a-brave-man-who-stood-alone-if-only-the-world-had-listened-to-him-1656067.html Robert Fisk’s World: A brave man who stood alone. If only the world had listened to him] [[The Independent]]
*[http://zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en/channels/archive/diaries/under_the_occupation/diary_diary53 Eyewitness statements of fellow ISM volunteers] [[Gush Shalom]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091126013056/http://www.caabu.org/press/letters/hurndall_daily_telegraph_may06/ Letter] [[The Daily Telegraph]]
*[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Law/Legal+Issues+and+Rulings/IDF%20soldier%20convicted%20of%20six%20charges%20for%20the%20killing%20of%20Tom%20Hurndall%2027-Jun-2005 Israel official statement]
*[http://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-shooting-of-thomas-hurndall/articles/interviews-with-the-family-sophie-hurndall Channel 4 interview]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hurndall, Tom}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:British social justice activists]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in the Gaza Strip]]
[[Category:Alumni of Manchester Metropolitan University]]
[[Category:Second Intifada casualties]]
[[Category:British manslaughter victims]]
[[Category:Human rights in the Gaza Strip]]
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
[[Category:People killed by Israeli security forces]]
[[Category:Rafah in the Second Intifada]]