View source for Tonight at 8.30

{{Short description|Series of plays by Noël Coward}}
{{For|the related 1952 film released in the US as ''Tonight at 8:30''|Meet Me Tonight}}
{{italic title}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
[[File:Tonight at 830 promo.jpg|thumb|[[Gertrude Lawrence|Lawrence]] and [[Noël Coward|Coward]] in the Broadway production]]
'''''Tonight at 8.30'''''{{refn|Following the customary punctuation of the day the cycle was originally advertised as ''To-night at 8.30''.<ref>"To-night at 8.30", ''The Times'', 20 August 1935, p. 10</ref> The hyphen was retained in the published texts issued during Coward's lifetime,<ref>Coward, 1954, pp. xvii and 99</ref> but has been dropped in subsequent editions.<ref name=dvii/>|group=n}} is a cycle of ten one-act plays by [[Noël Coward]], presented in London in 1936 and in New York in 1936–1937, with the author and [[Gertrude Lawrence]] in the leading roles. The plays are mostly comedies, but three, ''[[The Astonished Heart]]'', ''[[Shadow Play (play)|Shadow Play]]'' and ''[[Still Life (play)|Still Life]]'', are serious. Four of the comedies include songs, with words and music by Coward.

One play, ''[[Star Chamber (play)|Star Chamber]]'', was dropped after a single performance. The other nine plays were presented in three programmes of three plays each. There have been numerous revivals of many of the individual plays, but revivals of the complete cycle have been much less frequent. Several of the plays have been adapted for the cinema and television.

''Tonight at 8.30'' was first presented in 1935 in [[Manchester]] and then on tour in six other British cities, before opening in London and New York the following year.{{refn|In the pre-London tour the title was changed at some theatres to ''To-night at 7.30'', to reflect the local starting times; matinées were sometimes billed as ''To-day at 2.30''.<ref name=m282/>|group=n}}

==Background==
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Coward wrote a succession of hits, ranging from the [[operetta]] ''[[Bitter Sweet (operetta)|Bitter Sweet]]'' (1929) and the epic ''[[Cavalcade (play)|Cavalcade]]'' (1931), requiring a large cast, gargantuan sets and a complex hydraulic stage, to the intimate comedies ''[[Private Lives]]'' (1930), in which Coward starred alongside [[Gertrude Lawrence]], and ''[[Design for Living]]'' (1932).<ref>Hoare, p. 249</ref> Coward said that after ''Private Lives'', he felt that the public enjoyed seeing him and Lawrence together on stage, and so he wrote the play cycle ''Tonight at 8.30'' as "acting, singing, and dancing vehicles for Gertrude Lawrence and myself".<ref name=Hoare268>Hoare, pp. 268–70</ref>

In the programme for the London run Coward wrote:
{{blockquote|[T]he idea of presenting three short plays in an evening instead of one long one is far from original. In fact, if one looks back over the years, one finds that the "triple bill" formula has been used, with varying degrees of success, since the earliest days of the theatre. Latterly, however – that is during the last quarter of a century – it has fallen from favour. Occasionally still a curtain-raiser appears in the provinces but wearing a sadly hang-dog expression, because it knows only too well, poor thing, that it would not be there at all were the main attraction of the evening long enough.[…]<br> 
A short play, having a great advantage over a long one in that it can sustain a mood without technical creaking or overpadding, deserves a better fate, and if by careful writing, acting, and producing I can do a little towards reinstating it in its rightful pride, I shall have achieved one of my more sentimental ambitions.<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 284–285</ref>|}}

==Plays==
The cycle consists of ten plays. In order of first production they are:
* ''[[We Were Dancing]]'' – "A comedy in two scenes"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 287</ref>
* ''[[The Astonished Heart]]'' – "A play in six scenes"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 291</ref>
* ''[[Red Peppers]]'' – "An interlude with music"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 294</ref>
* ''[[Hands Across the Sea (play)|Hands Across the Sea]]'' – "A light comedy in one scene"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 297</ref>
* ''[[Fumed Oak]]'' – "An unpleasant comedy in two scenes"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 300</ref>
* ''[[Shadow Play (play)|Shadow Play]]'' – "A play with music"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 303</ref>
* ''[[Family Album (play)|Family Album]]'' – "A Victorian comedy with music"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 306</ref>
* ''[[Star Chamber (play)|Star Chamber]]'' – "A light comedy in one act"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 308</ref>
* ''[[Ways and Means (Coward play)|Ways and Means]]'' – "A comedy in three scenes"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 311</ref>
* ''[[Still Life (play)|Still Life]]'' – "A play in five scenes"<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 313</ref>

===Songs===
Four of the plays in the cycle are musical. According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', they "break into spontaneous song ... in the most unexpected places".<ref name=NYTimes/> The songs from ''Tonight at 8.30'' are:<ref>Coward (1965), pp. 168–179</ref>
*"We Were Dancing", from ''We Were Dancing''
*"Has Anybody Seen our Ship?" and "Men About Town" from ''Red Peppers''
*"Then", "Play, Orchestra, Play" and "You Were There" from ''Shadow Play''
*"Drinking Song", "Princes and Princesses", "Music Box" and "Hearts and Flowers" from ''Family Album''.

==Productions==
===Original provincial production and tour===
Six of the plays (''We Were Dancing, The Astonished Heart, Red Peppers, Hands Across the Sea, Fumed Oak'' and ''Shadow Play'') were first presented at the [[Opera House, Manchester]], beginning on 15 October 1935.<ref name=mg>"Theatres", ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'', 16 October 1935, p. 11</ref> A seventh play, ''Family Album'', was added on the subsequent nine-week provincial tour.{{refn|The other tour dates were [[Leeds]], [[Glasgow]], [[Edinburgh]], [[Liverpool]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] and [[Birmingham]].<ref name=m282>Mander and Mitchenson, p. 282</ref>|group= n}} The final three were added for the London run: ''Ways and Means, Still Life''  and ''Star Chamber'', which was performed only once.<ref name=Hoare268/>

===London and New York premieres===
The first London performance was on 9 January 1936 at the [[Phoenix Theatre (London)|Phoenix Theatre]].<ref name=times>''[[The Times]]'', 10 January 1936, p. 10.</ref> Matinées were billed as ''To-day at 2.30''.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20171225005607/http://www.noelcoward.net/html/plays.html "Plays and Musicals"]}}, Noël Coward Society. Retrieved 25 January 2019</ref> The first set of three plays presented comprised ''Family Album'', ''The Astonished Heart'' and ''Red Peppers''.<ref>Parker, p. 21</ref> Four days later the second trio was presented: ''Hands Across the Sea'', ''Fumed Oak'' and ''Shadow Play''.<ref>Parker, p. 22</ref> ''We Were Dancing'' was introduced on 29 January, and ''Ways and Means'' and ''Still Life'' were added in May. ''Star Chamber'''s only performance was on 21 March.<ref>Mander and Mitchenson, pp. 287, 311, 313 and 308</ref>

Partly to allow himself time to write, and partly because he hated acting in long runs, Coward's practice was to play for no more than six months in any run.<ref>Coward (1986), pp. 161 and 232</ref> The London production closed on 20 June 1936, after 157 performances. The American production opened in New York, after a try-out in Boston, on 24 November and played for 118 performances.<ref name=dvii>Day, p. vii</ref> The Broadway openings for the three parts were on 24, 27 and 30 November 1936, again starring Coward and Lawrence.<ref name=ibdb>[http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=12171#We%20Were%20Dancing ''We Were Dancing'' and other plays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018095009/http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=12171#We%20Were%20Dancing |date=18 October 2012 }} at the IBDB database</ref>{{refn|''Star Chamber'' was not included in the New York cycle.<ref name=ibdb/>|group=n}} Reviewing the Boston performances, [[James Thurber]] wrote:
{{blockquote|It seems to me that all these plays were written wisely and well. (Mr Coward ... bats them off in no time at all, which appalls me.) They have, at their best, a precision that moves towards the absolute. … More decorous and self-contained than Boston folks, I did not rise and shout but applauded loudly … I liked it; hell, I was crazy about it: I had a swell time.<ref>''Quoted'' in Coward and Day, pp. 343–344</ref>|}}
The New York run finished a month earlier than planned, because Coward's health broke down from overwork and his doctor insisted on an immediate break.<ref>Coward and Day, p. 349</ref>

===Revivals===
The cycle was given in Canada in 1938 by an American touring company, led by [[Bramwell Fletcher]].<ref>[https://www.shawfest.com/assets/guides/Shaw_Festival_Study_Guide_Brief_Encounters.pdf "Tonight at 8:30"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035142/http://www.shawfest.com/assets/guides/Shaw_Festival_Study_Guide_Brief_Encounters.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}, ''Brief Encounters'', Shaw Festival. Retrieved 25 January 2019</ref>
Major productions of parts of the cycle included Broadway revivals in 1948 (''Red Peppers'', ''Hands Across the Sea'', ''Fumed Oak'', ''Family Album'', ''Shadow Play,'' and ''Ways and Means'', starring Lawrence and [[Graham Payn]]),{{refn|Payne was too unwell to appear at one performance and Coward went on for him; it was the last time he and Lawrence appeared on stage together.<ref>Day, p. xvii</ref>|group= n}} and 1967 (''Fumed Oak, Still Life'' and ''Ways and Means''), 1981 at the [[Lyric Theatre (London)|Lyric Theatre]] in London (''Shadow Play'', ''Hands Across the Sea'' and ''Red Peppers''), starring [[John Standing]] and [[Estelle Kohler]] and at the [[Chichester Festival Theatre|Chichester Festival]] in 2006 (''Shadow Play'', ''Hands Across the Sea'', ''Red Peppers'', ''Family Album'', ''Fumed Oak'' and ''The Astonished Heart''). In 1971, the [[Shaw Festival]] revived ''We Were Dancing'', ''Family Album'' and ''Shadow Play'', and in 2000, the Williamstown Theatre Festival revived ''We Were Dancing'', ''Family Album'', ''Hands Across the Sea'' (all starring [[Blythe Danner]]), ''Red Peppers,'' ''Shadow Play'' and ''Star Chamber''.<ref name=NYTimes>Brantley, Ben. [http://theater2.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html?res=9E06E6DE1030F93BA15755C0A9669C8B63 "How to Savor Fleeting Joys: Smiles Suave, Brows Arched"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 28 June 2000,</ref> The Antaeus Company in Los Angeles revived all ten plays in October 2007, as did the Shaw Festival in 2009.<ref>Belcher, David. [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/18/theater/18coward.html "Brushing Up Their Coward in Canada"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526062954/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/18/theater/18coward.html |date=26 May 2018 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]'', 17 August 2009</ref>

The first professional revival of the cycle in Britain was in April 2014, when [[English Touring Theatre]] staged all the plays except for ''Star Chamber''. The critic [[Michael Billington (critic)|Michael Billington]] wrote, "We are used to all-day stagings of Shakespeare. A marathon viewing of three Noel Coward triple bills, however, sounds like a banquet of soufflés. In the event, the nine plays … not only prove unexpectedly nourishing, but also reveal a lot about the author himself."<ref>Billington, Michael. [https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/may/11/tonight-at-830-review "Tonight at 8.30 review – unexpectedly nourishing Noel Coward marathon"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310111621/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/may/11/tonight-at-830-review |date=10 March 2017 }}, ''The Guardian'', 11 May 2014</ref> The production, co-produced by the [[Nuffield Theatre, Southampton]], opened there before a three-month national tour.<ref>[http://www.ett.org.uk/productions/80/tonight-at-830 "Tonight at 8.30"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406035429/http://www.ett.org.uk/productions/80/tonight-at-830 |date=6 April 2015 }} English Touring Theatre, accessed 10 May 2014</ref> In 2018 a revival played at [[Jermyn Street Theatre]] in London, directed by [[Tom Littler]], omitting ''Fumed Oak'' but including ''Star Chamber''. The cast included [[Sara Crowe]], [[Ian Hallard]] and [[Rosemary Ashe]].<ref>[http://www.jermynstreettheatre.co.uk/show/tonight-8-30 ''Tonight At 8.30''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412211544/http://www.jermynstreettheatre.co.uk/show/tonight-8-30/ |date=12 April 2018 }}, [[Jermyn Street Theatre]], accessed 8 April 2018</ref>

==Adaptations==
===Cinema===
Several films have been based on the plays. ''We Were Dancing'' was loosely adapted as a [[We Were Dancing (film)|film of the same name]] in 1942, starring [[Norma Shearer]] and [[Melvyn Douglas]].<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0035537/#comment ''We Were Dancing''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209015422/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0035537/#comment |date=9 February 2017 }} at the IMDB database</ref> Coward adapted ''Still Life'' for the screen as ''[[Brief Encounter]]'' in 1945.<ref name=goble>Goble, p. 97</ref> The film was remade in 1974 starring [[Richard Burton]] and [[Sophia Loren]].<ref name=goble/> For a 1952 film, ''[[Meet Me Tonight]]'' (called ''Tonight at 8:30'' in the US), directed by [[Anthony Pelissier]], Coward adapted ''Ways and Means'', ''Red Peppers'' and ''Fumed Oak''.<ref>[https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b02e23d "Meet Me Tonight (1952)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007190305/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6b02e23d |date=7 October 2018 }}, British Film Institure. Retrieved 25 January 2019</ref> Coward played Christian Faber in a 1950 film of ''The Astonished Heart'' (also starring [[Celia Johnson]] and [[Margaret Leighton]]).<ref>[https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6a435fd8 "The Astonished Heart (1950)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183401/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6a435fd8 |date=7 October 2018 }}, British Film Institure. Retrieved 25 January 2019</ref>

===Television===
Eight of the plays in the cycle (omitting ''Star Chamber'' and ''We Were Dancing'') were adapted for television in 1991, by the [[BBC]], starring [[Joan Collins]].<ref>Truss, Lynne. "Tonight at 8.30", ''The Times'', 15 April 1991</ref> Television adaptations of ''Red Peppers'' were released in 1937,<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0407156/ ''Red Peppers'' (1937)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214163143/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0407156/ |date=14 February 2017 }} at the IMDB database</ref> 1938,<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0414444/ ''Red Peppers'' (1938)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208204243/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0414444/ |date=8 February 2017 }} at the IMDB database</ref> 1958<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0407157/ ''Red Peppers'' (1958)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209134901/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0407157/ |date=9 February 2017 }} at the IMDB database</ref> and 1969, the last starring [[Bruce Forsyth]] and [[Dora Bryan]] as the Peppers and [[Edith Evans]] as Mabel Grace.<ref>[https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7602bdfa "Red Peppers (1969)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007205829/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7602bdfa |date=7 October 2018 }}, British Film Institure. Retrieved 25 January 2019</ref> ''Still Life'' was given a television production in 1951.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0695889/ "Schlitz Playhouse of Stars", ''Still Life'' (1951)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209020949/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0695889/ |date=9 February 2017 }} at the IMDB database</ref> The [[NBC]]-TV anthology series ''[[Producers' Showcase]]'' debuted on 18 October 1954 with ''Shadow Play'', ''Still Life'' and ''Red Peppers'', produced and directed by [[Otto Preminger]], starring [[Ginger Rogers]] in all three; [[Martyn Green]] also starred in ''Red Peppers''.<ref>[http://www.producersshowcase.org/library/tonightat830.html "Tonight at 8:30"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727185745/http://www.producersshowcase.org/library/tonightat830.html |date=27 July 2011 }}, Showcase Productions Library, accessed 16 October 2011</ref> ''Hands Across the Sea'' was adapted for television in 1938.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0411464/ ''Hands Across the Sea'' (1938)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209121523/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0411464/ |date=9 February 2017 }} at the IMDB database.</ref>

==Notes, references and sources==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=n|}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book | last=Coward | first= Noël | title= Play Parade: The Collected Plays of Noël Coward, Volume 4| year=1954 | location=London | publisher=Heinemann  | oclc=660193185}}
* {{cite book | last=Coward | first= Noël | title= The Lyrics of Noël Coward | year= 1965| location= London | publisher= Heinemann | oclc= 249341883 }}
* {{cite book |last =Coward | first = Noël | editor=Barry Day|year = 2007 |title = The Letters of Noël Coward |location = London |publisher = Methuen |isbn = 978-1-4081-0675-4 }}
* {{cite book | last= Day | first= Barry| chapter= Introduction|title=Tonight at 8.30 | year= 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rfHUAAAAQBAJ&q=Barry+Day+Tonight+at+8.30| location=London | publisher=Bloomsbury Methuen | isbn=978-1-4081-1345-5 }}
* {{cite book | last= Goble | first= Alan | title= The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film|year=2011|orig-year= 1999| location= Berlin, Boston | publisher= De Gruyter Saur | isbn=978-3-11-095194-3 }}
* {{cite book | last= Hoare | first= Philip | title= Noël Coward, A Biography | year= 1995| location=London | publisher= Sinclair-Stevenson | isbn= 978-1-85619-265-1}} 
* {{cite book | last= Mander| first=Raymond |author2=Joe Mitchenson | others= Barry Day and [[Sheridan Morley]] (2000 edition, ed.)| title=Theatrical Companion to Coward | year=2000|orig-year=1957|edition=second | location= London| publisher=Oberon Books | isbn=978-1-84002-054-0 }}
* {{cite book | editor-last= Parker | editor-first= John | year=1939 | title= Who's Who in the Theatre | url= https://archive.org/details/whoswhointheatre1939park | url-access= registration | location=London |edition=ninth| publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons | oclc=465772389}}

==External links==
*{{ibdb show|id=10588|title=Tonight at 8:30}}
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/18/theater/18coward.html ''Tonight at 8:30'' at Shaw Festival in 2009: preview in ''New York Times'']
*[https://archive.org/download/BestPlays/BestPlays53-08-3049TonightAt830.mp3 1953 ''Best Plays'' radio adaptation] at [[Internet Archive]]
{{Noël Coward musicals}}

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[[Category:Plays by Noël Coward]]
[[Category:1936 plays]]