View source for Toronto General Hospital

{{Short description|Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada}}
{{For|other hospitals in Toronto named "general hospital"|Toronto General Hospital (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox hospital
| Name       = Toronto General Hospital
| Org/Group  = [[University Health Network]] 
| Image      = Toronto - ON - Toronto General Hospital.jpg
| Logo       = <!-- optional -->
| Location   = 200 Elizabeth Street<br />[[Toronto]], [[Ontario]]<br />M5G 2C4
| HealthCare = Medicare
| Type       = Teaching
| Speciality = [[Cardiology]] and [[Organ transplant|Transplantation]]
| Standards  = <!-- optional if no national standards -->
| Emergency  = Yes
| Affiliation= [[University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine]]
| Patron     = [[Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh]]
| Beds       = 471
| Founded    = 1812
| Closed     = <!-- optional -->
| Website    = {{url|https://www.uhn.ca/OurHospitals/TGH}}
| Wiki-Links = <!-- optional -->
|}}
The '''Toronto General Hospital''' ('''TGH''') is a major [[teaching hospital]] in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], Canada and the flagship campus of [[University Health Network]] (UHN). It is located in the [[Discovery District]] of [[Downtown Toronto]] along [[University Avenue (Toronto)|University Avenue]]'s Hospital Row; it is directly north of [[The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto|The Hospital for Sick Children]], across Gerrard Street West, and east of [[Princess Margaret Cancer Centre]] and [[Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)|Mount Sinai Hospital]]. The hospital serves as a teaching hospital for the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine]]. In 2019, the hospital was ranked first for research in Canada by Research Infosource for the ninth consecutive year.<ref>{{cite web |title=UHN RANKED NO. 1 IN CANADA'S TOP 40 RESEARCH HOSPITALS FOR 2017 |url=http://www.uhn.ca/corporate/News/Pages/UHN_ranked_No1_in_Canada_Top_40_Research_Hospitals_for_2017.aspx |website=UHN |publisher=UHN |access-date=21 June 2018}}</ref> 

The emergency department now treats 28,065 persons each year, while the hospital also houses the major [[Organ transplant|transplantation]] service for Ontario, performing [[heart]], [[lung]], [[kidney]], [[liver]], [[pancreas]], and [[small intestine]], amongst others, for patients referred from all over Canada. The hospital is the largest [[organ transplant]] center in North America, performing 639 transplants in 2017.<ref name="UHN now largest adult transplant pr">{{cite web|title=UHN now largest adult transplant program in North America|url=https://www.uhn.ca/corporate/News/PressReleases/Pages/UHN_now_largest_adult_transplant_program_in_North_America.aspx|publisher=UHN|access-date=3 Jan 2019}}</ref> The hospital is also renowned for cardiac and thoracic surgery. The world's first single and double [[lung transplant]]s were performed at TGH in 1983 and 1986 and the world's first [[valve-sparing aortic root replacement]] was done by [[Tirone David]] at Toronto General Hospital in 1992.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=David|first1=TE|title=An aortic valve-sparing operation for patients with aortic incompetence and aneurysm of the ascending aorta|journal=J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg|date=April 1992|volume=103|issue=4|pages=617–622|doi=10.1016/S0022-5223(19)34942-6 |pmid=1532219|doi-access=free}}</ref> The Lung Transplant program is currently the largest in the world, performing 167 lung transplants in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=UHN now home to largest transplant program in North America |url=https://tgwhf.ca/stories/uhn-now-home-largest-transplant-program-north-america/ |website=UHN |date=5 March 2018 |access-date=1 September 2019}}</ref> In 2015, surgeons performed the world's first triple organ transplant (lung, liver and pancreas) in 19 year old Reid Wylie at Toronto General Hospital.<ref>{{cite web|title=Triple Transplant Teen Doing Well at Three Months After Rare Surgery|url=http://www.newswise.com/articles/triple-transplant-teen-doing-well-at-three-months-after-rare-surgery|publisher=Newswise|access-date=7 December 2015}}</ref> TGH teaches resident physicians, nurses, and technicians; it also conducts research through the Toronto General Research Institute.

Currently, [[Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh]], as a member of the [[Monarchy of Canada#Canada's royal family and house|Canadian Royal Family]], is patron of the hospital.

==History==
[[File:Btorontogeneralh00torouoft 0009.jpg|left|thumb|The Toronto General Hospital as it appeared in 1895]]
[[File:Toronto General Hospital4.JPG|thumb|Toronto General Hospital main entrance]]
The hospital started as a small shed in the old town and was used as a [[British Army]] military hospital during the [[War of 1812]], after which it was founded as a permanent institution{{spaced ndash}}York General Hospital{{spaced ndash}}in 1829, at John and King Streets (now home to [[Bell Lightbox]]). In 1855 a new home for the hospital was built on the north side of Gerrard Street, east of Parliament, using a design by architect [[William Hay (architect)|William Hay]]. In 1913, the hospital moved to [[College Street (Toronto)|College Street]], near its current location, expanding and upgrading over the ensuing years. The 1913 structure, previously called the ''College Wing'', was eventually sold by the hospital, to become the home of the [[MaRS Discovery District]] after a new wing for the TGH was completed and opened in 2002.

==Ajmera Transplant Centre==
Toronto General Hospital was the largest organ transplantation center in North America in 2017, performing 639 transplants in total.<ref name="UHN now largest adult transplant pr"/>

*Lung - TGH performed 167 lung transplants, making it the largest lung transplant program in the world.<ref name="UHN now largest adult transplant pr"/> 
*Liver - TGH performed 195 liver Transplants with 39 of those living donor transplants in 2017 making the program the largest in North America.<ref name="UHN now largest adult transplant pr"/>
*Kidney - TGH performed 202 kidney transplants, 65 of those were living donor transplants, making the program the largest in Canada
*Heart - TGH performed 34 heart transplants in 2017, making the program the largest in Canada
*Pancreas - TGH performed 8 pancreas transplants in 2018, making the program the largest in Canada.
*Kidney-Pancreas - TGH performed 34 kidney-pancreas transplants in 2017, making the program the largest in Canada.
*Small Bowel - TGH performed 1 small bowel transplant in 2018.

==Peter Munk Cardiac Centre==
Toronto General Hospital is the home of the '''[[Peter Munk]] Cardiac Centre (PMCC)''', which is one of the largest open heart centers in Canada and is ranked first in Canada and in the top ten in North America for academic productivity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cardiac Care Network|url=http://www.ccn.on.ca/ccn_public/FormsPartner/hospitaldetails.aspx|publisher=Cardiac Care Network|access-date=5 January 2014}}</ref> Many clinical firsts in cardiovascular care were performed at TGH. The center is named after [[Peter Munk]], the founder and chairman of [[Barrick Gold]] corporation, who donated $100 million in 2017, the largest donation to a hospital in Canadian history, at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hall|first1=Joseph|title=A donor is giving a record $100 million to CAMH — and doesn’t want to be named|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2018/01/11/a-donor-is-giving-a-record-100-million-to-camh-and-doesnt-want-to-be-named.html|website=Toronto Star|date=11 January 2018 |publisher=Toronto Star|access-date=4 July 2018}}</ref> He donated a total of $175 million since 1993 to the hospital.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gignac|first1=Julien|title=Peter Munk donates $100 million to the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/09/19/peter-munk-donates-100-million-to-the-peter-munk-cardiac-centre.html|website=Toronto Star|date=19 September 2017 |publisher=Toronto Star|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref>

==Research==
Toronto General Hospital has had many research achievements, including:

*The development and first clinical use of [[insulin]] in the treatment of [[diabetes]] – 1922 <ref name="uhn.ca">{{Cite web |url=http://www.uhn.ca/TGH/glance/index.asp |title=UHN: |access-date=2013-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122083016/http://www.uhn.ca/TGH/glance/index.asp |archive-date=2013-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*World's first clinical use of the anticoagulant [[heparin]] – 1935 <ref name="uhn.ca"/>
*World's first external heart [[pacemaker]] used in open heart resuscitation – 1950 <ref name="uhn.ca"/>
*World's first successful valve transplant – 1955 <ref name="uhn.ca1">{{cite web|url=http://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/About/Pages/PMCC_firsts.aspx|title=PMCC Firsts in Cardiology|website=www.uhn.ca|access-date=2014-01-05|archive-date=2018-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827045534/https://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/About/Pages/PMCC_firsts.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*World's first [[coronary care unit]] – 1965 <ref name="uhn.ca1"/>
*World's first successful single [[lung transplant]] (Tom Hall) – 1983 <ref name="uhn.ca"/>
*World's first successful double [[lung transplant]] ([[Ann Harrison (lung transplant recipient)|Ann Harrison]]) – 1986 <ref name="uhn.ca"/>
*World's first aortic valve transplant using the Toronto Heart Valve – 1987 <ref name="uhn.ca1"/>
*Canada's first and largest HIV/AIDS clinic, the Immunodeficiency Clinic – 1994 <ref name="uhn.ca"/>
*World's first successful triple organ transplant (lung, liver and pancreas) – 2015 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswise.com/articles/triple-transplant-teen-doing-well-at-three-months-after-rare-surgery|title=Triple Transplant Teen Doing Well at Three Months After Rare Surgery|website=www.newswise.com}}</ref>
*Canada's first hand transplant – 2016 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.giftoflife.on.ca/en/transplant.htm |website=Trillium Gift of Life |publisher=Trillium Gift of Life |access-date=14 November 2019|title=Trillium Gift of Life Network - Ontario's Organ and Tissue Donation Agency : Transplants }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage]]
* [[William Rawlins Beaumont]]
* [[List of hospitals in Toronto]]
* [[University of Ottawa Heart Institute]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.uhn.ca/OurHospitals/TGH Hospital website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050305230046/http://www.uhnresearch.ca/institutes/tgri/index.htm Research]
*[http://www.ehealthinnovation.org/ Health Innovation]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080908090435/http://www.marsdd.com/mars/About-MaRS/History/heritage-building-history.html MaRS Discovery District's "History of the MaRS Heritage Building"] touches on the TGH's early history and design.

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{{Toronto hospitals}}
{{Toronto_teaching_hospitals}}

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[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1855]]
[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1913]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Toronto]]
[[Category:Darling and Pearson buildings]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Canada with royal patronage]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1812]]
[[Category:Legislative buildings in Upper Canada|York General Hospital]]
[[Category:1855 establishments in Canada]]
[[Category:British military hospitals|Military Hospital, Upper Canada]]
[[Category:Hospitals affiliated with the University of Toronto]]
[[Category:1812 establishments in Upper Canada]]