View source for Toxeus

{{Short description|Greek mythological figures with this name}}
{{For|the genus of jumping spiders|Toxeus (spider)}}

In [[Greek mythology]], the name '''Toxeus''' or '''Toxius''' ({{langx|grc|{{linktext|Τοξεύς}}|Toxeús|bowman}}<ref>[[Antoninus Liberalis]], s.v. ''Toxeus'' with Notes and Commentary on Meleagrides p.111</ref>) refers to the following individuals:

*Toxius, son of [[Caelus]] ([[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]) who was the inventor of building with clay, it having been suggested to him from swallows' nests.<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], ''[[Naturalis Historia]]'' 7.56.3</ref>
*Toxeus, a [[Pleuron (Aetolia)|Pleuronian]] prince as the son of King [[Thestius]] and thus, brother of [[Althaea (mythology)|Althaea]]. He participated in the hunt for the [[Calydonian Boar]] but was angry that the prize of the boar's hide had been given to a woman ([[Atalanta]]) by his nephew [[Meleager]], who then killed him in the ensuing argument.<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 8.300 ff. & 441 ff.</ref>
*Toxeus, a [[Calydon]]ian prince as the son of King [[Oeneus]] and Althaea (which makes him a nephew of the above Toxeus).<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Catalogue of Women|Ehoiai]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodCatalogues.html fr. 98] as cited in ''Berlin Papyri'' No. 9777; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.8.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Toxeus 1.8.1]</ref> He was the brother of [[Meleager]], [[Clymenus]], [[Periphas]], [[Agelaus]] (or [[Ageleus]]), [[Thyreus (mythology)|Thyreus]] (or Phereus or [[Pheres]]), [[Deianira|Deianeira]], [[Gorge (mythology)|Gorge]], [[Eurymede]] and [[Melanippe]].<ref name=":02">Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.8.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Toxeus 1.8.1]; Antoninus Liberalis, [https://topostext.org/work/216#2 2] as cited in [[Nicander|Nicander's]] ''Metamorphoses''</ref> Toxeus was killed by his father for leaping over the trench which had been dug around [[Calydon]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.8.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:chapter=&highlight=Toxeus 1.8.1]</ref><ref>Robert Graves: ''The Greek Myths'', §80.1</ref> (This is paralleled by [[Romulus and Remus|Remus]] overleaping that of [[Romulus and Remus|Rōmulus]].<ref>Robert Graves : ''The Greek Myths'', §80.2</ref> Cf. also the story of [[Poemander (mythology)|Poemander]]).
*Toxeus, an [[Oechalia (Messenia)|Oechalian]] prince as son of King [[Eurytus of Oechalia|Eurytus]] and [[Antiope (Greek myth)|Antiope]]<ref>[[Apollonius of Rhodes]], 1.86</ref> or [[Antioche (mythology)|Antioche]]<ref>[[Scholia|Scholaist]] ''on [[Sophocles]], [[Women of Trachis|Trachiniae]]'' [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/348/348-h/348-h.htm#link2H_4_0081 266] as cited in Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns, and Homerica, ''The Taking of Oechalia'' fr. 4</ref> and brother of [[Clytius]] and [[Molion]]. All three were slain by [[Heracles]].<ref name=":0">Hesiod, ''Ehoiai'' fr. 79; [[Diodorus Siculus]], 4.37.5</ref> His other siblings were [[Iole]], [[Deioneus]], [[Didaeon]] and [[Iphitos]].

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==

* [[Antoninus Liberalis]], ''The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis'' translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992). [https://topostext.org/work/216 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. {{ISBN|0-674-99135-4}}. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
*[[Apollonius of Rhodes|Apollonius Rhodius]], ''[[Argonautica]]'' translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853-1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. [https://topostext.org/work/126 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* Apollonius Rhodius, ''Argonautica''. George W. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0227 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Diodorus Siculus]], ''[[Bibliotheca historica|The Library of History]]'' translated by [[Charles Henry Oldfather]]. Twelve volumes. [[Loeb Classical Library]]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59&ndash;8. [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/home.html Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site]
* Diodorus Siculus, ''Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2''. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0540 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Hesiod]], ''[[Catalogue of Women]]'' from ''Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica'' translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodCatalogues.html Online version at theio.com]
*[[Pliny the Elder]], ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|The Natural History]].'' John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
*Pliny the Elder, ''Naturalis Historia.'' Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff. Lipsiae. Teubner. 1906. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0138 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* [[Ovid|Publius Ovidius Naso]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Publius Ovidius Naso, ''Metamorphoses.'' Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0029 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library].


{{Greek myth index}}
[[Category:Demigods in classical mythology]]
[[Category:Princes in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Mythological Aetolians]]
[[Category:Mythology of Heracles]]
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