View source for Toyota T100

{{Use American English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Toyota T100 (XK10/XK20)
| image = Toyota-T100-2.jpg
| manufacturer = [[Toyota]]
| production = August 1992 – July 1998
| model_years = 1993–1998
| assembly = Japan: [[Hamura, Tokyo]] ([[Hino Motors|Hino]])
| class = [[Full-size car|Full-size]] [[pickup truck]]
| body_style =  {{unbulleted list
  | 2-door [[Pickup truck|regular cab]]
  | 2-door [[extended cab]]
  }}
| layout = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
  | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive]]
  }}
| related = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Toyota Tacoma (N140)|Toyota Tacoma (N140/N150/N160/N170/N190)]]
  | [[Toyota Hilux (N140)|Toyota Hilux (N140/N150/N160/N170)]]
  }}
| engine = {{unbulleted list
  | '''[[Petrol engine|Gasoline]]:'''
  | 2.7&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota RZ engine#3RZ-FE|3RZ-FE]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] (RCK10)
  | 3.0&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota VZ engine#3VZ-E|3VZ-E]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]] (VCK10/20)
  | 3.4&nbsp;L ''[[Toyota VZ engine#5VZ-FE|5VZ-FE]]'' V6 (VCK11/21)
  }}
| powerout = {{unbulleted list
  | {{convert|150|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} (''3RZ-FE''/''3VZ-E'')
  | {{convert|190|hp|kW PS|abbr=on|0}} (''5VZ-FE'')
  }}
| transmission = {{unbulleted list
  | 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
  | 4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
  }}
| wheelbase = {{convert|121.8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|209.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|75.2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|66.7|–|71.6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|NNNN|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
| successor = [[Toyota Tundra]]
| sp = us
}}

The '''Toyota T100''' is a full-size [[pickup truck]] manufactured and marketed by [[Toyota]] for model years 1993-1998 for the US and Canada over a single generation<ref name=bubba106>{{cite magazine | ref = RS93 | magazine = [[Road & Track]] | issue = Sport-Utilities, Pickups & Vans Buyer's Guide 1993 | date = 1993-03-16 | issn = 1067-9146 | title = Toyota T100: Beefy enough for Bubba? | last = Sessions | first = Ron | page = 106 }}</ref> &mdash; and intended and designed specifically for the North American market.

==History==
[[File:White1993ToyotaT100.JPG|thumb|left|1993 Toyota T100 4X4 SR5]]

As Toyota established itself in the North American compact pickup truck market in the 1980s through 1990s, the company offered a truck that was larger than the compact as an alternative to the traditional North American full-size pickup truck market. North American Toyota dealers had long been requesting a full-sized Toyota truck, especially in light of the high percentage of [[Toyota Hilux|Toyota Pickup]] owners who moved on to domestic full-sized trucks.<ref name=ANA06>{{cite journal | url = https://www.autonews.com/article/20071029/ANA06/710290338/attempt-to-sell-too-small-t100-pickup-was-a-full-sized-failure | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200716100513/https://www.autonews.com/article/20071029/ANA06/710290338/attempt-to-sell-too-small-t100-pickup-was-a-full-sized-failure | archive-date = 2020-07-16 | journal = [[Automotive News]] | publisher = Crain Communications Inc. | title = Attempt to sell too-small T100 pickup was a full-sized failure | date = 2007-07-29 }}</ref> The T100 reflected a philosophy of designing products specifically for localized international markets, where traditional products sold and made in Japan wouldn't sell well. This approach is also demonstrated with the introduction of the mid-size [[Toyota Camry (XV10)]] which was larger than the compact [[Toyota Camry#V30 (1990–1994)|Toyota Camry (V30)]] in 1991, and again in 1997 when the [[Toyota Sienna]] replaced the slow selling [[Toyota Previa]].

Rumored for many years before, the 1993 Toyota T100 featured a full-size (8&nbsp;ft) pickup bed, retaining the [[internal combustion engine|engine]] and suspension setup of its smaller and older sibling, the compact [[Toyota Truck]]. Although the T100 was a bit larger than the competitive [[mid-size]] [[Dodge Dakota]], it was still markedly smaller than full-size American pickup trucks of the time, thus occupying a niche in the truck market.<ref name=bubba106/> Before introducing the T100, the company reflected on its history of commercial truck manufacture and products they offered in the past. Past products started with the [[Toyota G1]], the [[Toyota FA]], the [[Toyota BX]], the [[Toyota Stout]], the [[Toyota ToyoAce]], and the [[Toyota Dyna]], and its market successes with their [[Hino Motors|Hino]] Division. Though economical, reliable, and practical, the T100 was slow to be accepted by traditional buyers of full-size competitors, while it was larger than both the [[Toyota Truck]] followed by the [[Toyota Tacoma]] compact trucks. Wary of the market pushback of competing directly with the Big Three, Toyota chose this somewhat smaller size (and limited lineup) so as not to risk blowback and import quotas.<ref name=ANA06/> 

Although sales were slow at the start, the T100 sales did reach into the mid 40,000 vehicles sold range (1996) in the United States. Sales of the [[Chevrolet C/K]] were roughly 700,000 per year, while sales of the [[Ford F-Series]] surged from 550,000 to nearly 850,000 and [[Dodge]] from 100,000 to 400,000 with the introduction of the new [[Dodge Ram]] in 1993. Sales of the T100 fell approximately 30 percent when the new Ram went on the market in October 1993, 11 months after the T100's launch in November 1992.<ref>{{cite journal | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/06/business/company-news-new-pickup-is-displayed-by-chrysler.html | journal = [[The New York Times]] | date = 1993-01-06 | title = New Pickup Is Displayed By Chrysler | first = Doron P. | last = Levin | page = D5 }}</ref>

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==Reception==
On introduction, the T100's size and V6 engine became points of criticism, with limited appeal to buyers of full-size work trucks and noticebly lacking an optional extended cab or [[V8 engine]].  Its only available engine was a 3.0 liter [[V6]] shared with Toyota's compact truck and [[Toyota 4Runner|4Runner]] models.<ref name=bubba107>[[#RS93|Sessions]], p. 107</ref> Toyota said these factor were considered in the design, saying the smaller size offered a larger truck with a compact "feel", an Xtracab was on the horizon and the 3.0 liter V6 would provide far better fuel economy than its market rivals. Both the V6 engine and the somewhat smaller dimensions were influenced by relevant environmental concerns.<ref name=ANA06/>

The T100 received [[J.D. Power and Associates]] Initial Quality Survey "Best Full-Size Pickup" award; the "Best of What's New" award by [[Popular Science]] magazine in its first year on the market; and was the first vehicle – car or truck – ever to receive an "Initial Quality Survey Award" in its first year of production. For 1994 (the truck's second model year) and 1995 (the third), the T100 was received the "Best Full-Size Pickup in Initial Quality" by [[J.D. Power and Associates]]. In 1997 the T100 received "Top Three Vehicles in Initial Quality – Full-Size Segment" by [[J.D. Power and Associates]].

[[File:1993 Toyota T100 SR5, rear right.jpg|thumb|left|1993 Toyota T100 4X4 rear view]]

==Design==
When it was introduced, the T100 had one cab configuration, a regular cab, and one available engine, a 3.0&nbsp;L [[V6]] with {{Convert|150|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|180|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. In 1993, a 2.7&nbsp;L [[inline-four engine]] with {{Convert|150|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} - same as for the 3.0 V6 - and {{convert|177|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque was added in the hopes new buyers would be drawn in with promises of greater fuel economy and a lower price than on the initial offerings. The T100 was the first imported pickup truck that could carry a [[Plywood#Sizes|4 by 8 feet plywood sheet]] between the wheelwells.<ref name=bubba107/> The regular cab could seat three abreast in the front bench seat; this was split on the SR5 model. Automatics received a column shift while manuals were floor mounted, where the [[transfer case]] shifter was also located on 4WD models.<ref name=bubba107/>

Toyota ultimately realized there was no alternative but to add more power to the truck and for the 1995 model year Toyota added the {{Convert|190|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|220|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque 3.4&nbsp;L [[V6]]. An Xtracab model came along several months into the 1995 model year as well, sitting on the same {{convert|3094|mm|in|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} wheelbase with a {{convert|6.25|ft|m|1||abbr=on}} bed. This provided a boost in sales of 150 percent for 1995.<ref>{{cite journal | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/05/automobiles/behind-the-wheel-toyota-tacoma-and-t100-pickupsdisrupting.html | journal = [[The New York Times]] | date = 1996-05-05 | title = Toyota Tacoma and T100 pickups; Disrupting Detroit's Tailgate Party | first = Peggy | last = Spencer Castine | at = sec. 11, p. 1 }}</ref> The T100 received only minor changes throughout its run, aside from the engine changes and the Xtracab addition. A driver-side airbag was installed for MY 1994 (a passenger-side airbag never became available), and larger 16-inch wheels became the norm for most of the 4X4 models starting in 1996. It was evident by late 1996/ early 1997 that Toyota was already investing in its next [[truck]] (what ultimately became the [[Toyota Tundra]]). At the time (late 1990s) some believed a revamped T100 with a V8 engine was on the way, and there were some reports that altered V8 powered T100s were used as test-mules, but ultimately it never came to pass, and the T100 was superseded by the Toyota Tundra.

[[Toyota Racing Development]] (TRD) introduced a supercharger for the 3.4-liter engine in 1996 and it became available for the T100, the [[Toyota Tacoma|Tacoma]] and the [[Toyota 4Runner|4Runner]] with the 3.4-liter [[V6]] (and later the Tundra). Horsepower jumped to the {{Convert|260|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} range (depending on the generation of the supercharger) and {{convert|250|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|265|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque. This power add on was available for 1997–1998 T100s only. Earlier 3.4 V6 powered T100s have different computer and electrical layouts which do not support the TRD device.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

The T100 was manufactured and partially engineered by [[Toyota]]-subsidiary [[Hino Motors|Hino]]. Three trim lines were offered: the base model, the ''DX'', and the top-of-the-line ''SR5''. The maximum towing capacity was 5,200&nbsp;lb (2,360&nbsp;kg) and the truck had a payload limit of 2,450 pounds. Although most trucks fell within the 1/2 ton category, a 1-ton model was offered (in two-wheel drive form) for several of its earlier years until finally being dropped because of a lack of interest.

All T100s were assembled in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] and as a result were subject to a [[Chicken Tax|25% import tariff]] on all imported light trucks. The T100 was the last Japanese-built Toyota pickup made for [[North America]] when production ceased in July 1998, sales being phased out in August and ending with the 1998 model year.<ref name=LAT1>{{cite journal | journal = [[Los Angeles Times]] | url = https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-17-fi-60642-story.html | date = 1998-06-17 | author = Bloomberg News | title = Toyota Agrees to Change Name of New Truck }}</ref> The T100 was replaced by the larger [[V8 engine|V8]]-powered [[Toyota Tundra|Tundra]] which debuted in 1999. Toyota had originally planned to continue the T100 naming system by calling the new truck the "Toyota T-150"; Ford made a successful claim that this was a trademark infringement of their [[Ford F-Series|F-150]] and the name had to be changed.<ref name=LAT1/>

===Year-by-year changes===

'''MY 1993'''
*Standard cab, long bed only
*3.0 liter V6 engine only (150 horsepower – {{Convert|180|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}} of torque)

'''MY 1994'''
*Driver's side airbag added
*DX Trim level introduced, between the base Standard Grade and SR5.
*2.7 liter I4 3RZ-FE engine added to lineup (150 horsepower – {{Convert|177|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}} of torque)

'''MY 1995'''
*3.4 liter V6 5VZ-FE engine added to lineup (190 horsepower – {{Convert|220|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}} of torque)
*3.0 liter V6 3VZ-E discontinued
*Xtracab model added to lineup
*Last year for the regular cab 4X4 model
*Last year for the regular cab V6.

'''MY 1996'''
*Color changes
*DX Trim Tailgate Decal removes "DX" but trim level remains.
*Last year for Blue Interior option.

'''MY 1997'''
*Larger 16&nbsp;inch wheel added to lineup
*Blue Interior Discontinued. 
*Medium Grey Interior superseded to Moon Mist grey.
*New Interior Fabric Patterns
*DX Trim Level is no longer marketed, but functionally remains a mid grade option but now includes packages to include power windows, mirrors, and locks.
*Bucket Seats are now optional on SR5 models.
*Color changes
*TRD introduces 3.4 liter V6 supercharger (approx. 245 horsepower – {{Convert|285|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}} of torque)

'''MY 1998'''
*Last year for the T100
*Color changes

{{Commons category}}

==Gallery==
{{gallery | width = 200 | height = 122
|File:93T100SideView.JPG|1993 Toyota T100 4X4 SR5
|File:Toyota T1003V6.JPG|T100 3.0-liter V6 engine – available from 1992 to 1994
|File:4cylT100.JPG|T100 2.7-liter I4-cylinder engine – available from 1993–1998
|File:T1003400V6Engine.JPG|T100 3.4-liter V6 engine – available from 1994–1998
|File:T100SuperchargedV6.JPG|T100 supercharged 3.4-liter V6 engine – available in 1996–1998
|File:1995 Toyota T100 DX 4x4.jpg|1995 Toyota T100 DX 4x4
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Modern North American Toyota trucks}}
{{Toyota Motor Corporation}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Pickup trucks]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Toyota vehicles|T100]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1992]]