View source for Transport in Laos

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[[File:Boten–Vientiane railway crossing Vientiane–Boten Expressway - Mapillary (vwog4i1S3AEbshtZp5Gi49).jpg|thumb|[[Boten–Vientiane railway]] crossing [[Vientiane–Boten Expressway]]]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2013}}
This article concerns the systems of '''transportation in Laos'''. [[Laos]] is a country in Asia, which possesses a number of modern transportation systems, including several highways and a number of airports. As a landlocked country, Laos possesses no ports or harbours on the sea, and the difficulty of navigation on the [[Mekong]] means that this is also not a significant transport route.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

== Geography and transport limits ==
{{Further|Geography of Laos}}

[[Image:Laos Topography.png|thumb|350px|A topographic map of Laos.]]
Because of its mountainous topography and lack of development, Laos has few reliable transportation routes. This inaccessibility has historically limited the ability of any government to maintain a presence in areas distant from the national or provincial capitals and has limited interchange and communication among villages and ethnic groups.{{cite web |url=https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/LAO |title=BTI 2024 Laos Country Report |publisher=Bertelsmann Stiftung Transformation Index |date=2024 |accessdate=21 January 2025}}

The [[Mekong]] and [[Nam Ou]] are the only natural channels suitable for large-draft boat transportation, and from December through May, low water limits the size of the draft that may be used over many routes. Laotians in lowland villages located on the banks of smaller rivers have traditionally traveled in pirogues for fishing, trading, and visiting up and down the river for limited distances.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Otherwise, travel is done by ox-cart over level terrain or by foot. The steep mountains and lack of roads have caused upland ethnic groups to rely entirely on pack baskets and horse packing for transportation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laos Roads - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System |url=https://photius.com/countries/laos/economy/laos_economy_roads.html |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=photius.com}}</ref>

The road system is not extensive. A rudimentary network begun under the French colonial rule and continued from the 1950s, has provided an important means of increased intervillage communication, movement of market goods, and a focus for new settlements. As of mid-1994, travel in most areas of Laos were difficult and expensive, and most Laotians traveled only limited distances, if at all. As a result of ongoing improvements in the road system started during the early 1990s, it is expected that in the future villagers will more easily be able to seek medical care, send children to schools at district centers, and work outside their villages.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Currently, there are several projects to develop transport networks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2012 |title=Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project |url=https://www.adb.org/projects/43319-022/main |access-date=18 May 2024 |website=Asian Development Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-31 |title=Transport Sector in the Lao People's Democratic Republic |url=https://www.adb.org/documents/transport-sector-lao-peoples-democratic-republic |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=www.adb.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Rail==
[[File:Lao_china_railway_vientiane_station_birdview.jpg|thumb|Vientiane station]]
{{main|Rail transport in Laos}}
{{see also|Boten–Vientiane railway}}
Laos has two railway lines: the [[standard gauge]] [[Boten–Vientiane railway]] spanning northern and central Laos, and a  [[metre gauge]] [[Northeastern Line (Thailand)|spur line]] connecting [[Khamsavath railway station|Khamsavath]] with the Thai railway network.

Rail transport has not played a significant part in Laos's transport sector, since the country largely lacks the required infrastructure, though that is expected to change after the opening of the [[Boten–Vientiane railway]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Transforming Lao PDR from a Land-locked to a Land-linked Economy|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lao/publication/transforming-lao-pdr-from-a-land-locked-to-a-land-linked-economy|access-date=2020-11-05|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Brian King|title=Chinese railway could put Laos on the tourist map|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/could-china-put-laos-on-the-tourist-map/index.html|access-date=2020-11-05|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref>

==Highways==
[[File:NR13South, Lao PDR.jpg|thumb|National Road 13 South]]
In Laos, there are {{convert|59,963|km}} of roadway, with 1.45% paved with concrete, 12.03% with asphalt concrete and 75.77% with double bituminous surface treatment and 10.75% with gravel road. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Presentation – Lao PDR |url=https://uncrd.un.org/sites/uncrd.un.org/files/2025qiws_s1_5_lao-pdr.pdf |website=United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) |date=January 2025 |access-date=2025-05-19}}</ref> [[right- and left-hand traffic|Right-hand traffic]] (RHT) is observed in Laos.<ref name=CIA1/>

Laos constructed a new highway in 2007 connecting [[Savannakhet]] to the Vietnamese border at [[Lao Bao]], with funding from the Japanese government.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Placzek |first1=Jim |title=Observations on the New Highway from Suwannakhet in Laos to Lao Bao in Vietnam |url=http://www.langara.bc.ca/pacrim/laos.html |website=Pacific Rim Studies |publisher=Langara College |date= 5 January 2007|access-date=15 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201835/http://www.langara.bc.ca/pacrim/laos.html |archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> This has greatly improved transport across Laos. This highway can be traversed in a few hours, while in 2002 the trip took over nine hours.

Laos is connected across the Mekong River to Thailand by [[First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge|First]] and [[Second Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge]]s. Vientiane is linked to [[Nong Khai]] by the First Friendship Bridge. The [[Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge]] began construction in March 2009 linking [[Nakhon Phanom Province]] in northeastern Thailand and [[Khammouane Province]] in Laos. It was completed on 11 November 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge (Nakhon Phanom – Khammouane) |url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/Attraction/the-third-thai-lao-friendship-bridge |website=Tourism Authority of Thailand |access-date=16 September 2025}}</ref>

Laos opened a highway connection to [[Kunming]] in April 2008. The [[Fourth Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge]] opened to the public on 11 December 2013 linking Kunming to [[Bokeo Province|Bokeo]], Laos and [[Chiang Rai]]. It reduced travel time to five hours.

=== Expressway ===
[[File:Vientiane–Boten Expressway - Mapillary (iKVz4HaIRA8GcJGaNrxPP2).jpg|thumb|Vientiane toll station of the Vientiane–Boten Expressway]]
{{Main|Vientiane-Vang Vieng Expressway}}
On 20 December 2020, the [[Vientiane–Vang Vieng Expressway]], the first expressway in Laos, was completed.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=1st expressway in Laos inaugurated|url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-12/20/content_77032384.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>  Construction began at the end of 2018 and was initially scheduled to finish in 2021. The road, which includes twin tunnels almost 900 metres long through Phoupha Mountain,  shortens the route by 43&nbsp;km as compared with the existing Route No 13. The expressway toll is 550 kip per kilometre, or about 62,000 kip for a one-way trip between Vientiane and Vang Vieng. The Vientiane-Vang Vieng expressway is the first section of a planned expressway from Vientiane through the northern provinces to Boten in [[Luang Namtha Province]], which borders China.<ref name="Star-20200613">{{cite news |title=Laos' super highway—the Vientiane-Vangvieng expressway is 70% complete |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2020/06/13/laos039-super-highway---the-vientiane-vangvieng-expressway-is-70-complete |access-date=15 June 2020 |work=The Star |agency=The Vientiane Times/Asian News Network |date=13 June 2020}}</ref>

=== National Route list ===

*Route 1: Rantouy, [[Phongsaly province|Phongsaly]] (China)-[[Attapeu]] (Cambodia)
*Route 2: Thai Chang border-[[Ngeun district|Muang Ngeun]] border
*[[Route 3 (Laos)|Route 3]]: Nateuy-[[Houayxay]] (Thailand)
*Route 4: [[Luang Prabang]]-Kenethao
*Route 5: Tha Heua-Xaysomboun (Vietnam) 
*Route 6: Phou Lao-Namsoi
*[[Route 7 (Laos)|Route 7]]: Phou Khoun-Namcan border
*Route 8: Vienkham-Laksao-Namphao border
*Route 9: [[Savannakhet]]-Lao Bao (Vietnam)
*Route 10: [[Vientiane]]-Bankeun-Phonhone
*Route 11: Vientiane-Paklay
*Route 12: Thakhek-[[Mụ Giạ Pass]](Vietnam)
*[[Route 13 (Laos)|Route 13]]: [[Boten]] (China)-Vientiane-Veunkham(Cambodia)
*Route 14: [[Pakse]]-Champasak town-Cambodia border
*Route 15: Napong-Salavan-Lalay border
*Route 16: Chongmek-Pakse-Paxong-xekong-Namgiang border
*Route 17: [[Luang Namtha]]-Muang Sing-Xieng Kok (Myanmar)
*Route 18: Thang Beng-Attapeu-Phukuea border
*Route 19: Ban Pakha Kao-Boun Neua-[[Phongsali]]-Hatsa
*Route 20: Pakse-Salavan

==Water transport==
About {{convert|4,600|km}} of navigable water routes exist in Laos, primarily the Mekong and its tributaries. There are an additional {{convert|2,900|km}} of water routes, which is sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than {{convert|0.5|m}}.<ref name=CIA1/>

Laos has an ocean-going merchant marine that consisted of one [[cargo ship]] of {{GT|2,370|disp=long}} in 2004,<ref>{{Cite wikisource|title=CIA World Fact Book, 2004|chapter=Laos}}</ref> and still consisted of one ship in 2023.<ref name=CIA1>{{cite web |author1=CIA |title=Laos |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/laos/ |website=CIA world factbook |publisher=CIA |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

==Pipelines==
Laos has {{convert|136|km}} of pipelines for the transport of petroleum products.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CIA -- The World Factbook 2000 -- Pipelines |url=https://user.iiasa.ac.at/~marek/fbook/00/fields/pipelines.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=user.iiasa.ac.at}}</ref>

==Airports==
[[File:VientianeAirportTerminal2.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Wattay Airport]], Vientiane.]]

Laos possesses [[List of airports in Laos|52 airports]], of which nine have paved [[runway]]s.  Of the airports with paved runways, [[Wattay International Airport]] in Vientiane has a runway length of {{convert|3,000|m}}. Of the remainder, four have runways {{convert|1,524|m}} to {{convert|2,437|m}} length, and a further four have lengths between {{convert|914|m}} and {{convert|1,523|m}}.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

Of the airports without unpaved runways, one has a runway length of more than {{convert|1,524|m}}. Seventeen have runway lengths between {{convert|914|m}} and {{convert|1,523|m}}, leaving 25 with a lengths below {{convert|914|m}}.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

== See also ==
* [[Laos]]
* [[Lao Airlines]]
* [[Vientiane#Transportation|Vientiane]]
* {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Railway stations in Laos]]

==References==
<References />

== External links ==
{{Spoken Wikipedia|En-Transport in Laos.ogg|date=2015-01-07}}
{{Commons category|Transport in Laos}}
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/laos.pdf UN Map of Laos]
* [http://www.bueker.net/trainspotting/map.php?file=maps/vietnam--laos--cambodia/vietnam--laos--cambodia.gif Map of railways in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam] – does not show Thailand or China

{{Laos topics}}
{{Asia topic|Transport in}}
{{Asia topic|Rail transport in}}
{{CIA World Factbook}}
{{Country study}}

[[Category:Transport in Laos| ]]