View source for Transport in Malaysia

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{EngvarB|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
[[File:Malaysia Transportation.jpg|thumb|A map showing Malaysia's transportation network]]
[[Image:NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg|thumb|300px|The 966 km [[North–South Expressway (Malaysia)|North–South Expressway]], which runs through seven states in Peninsular Malaysia, is the longest expressway in Malaysia.]]

'''Transportation in Malaysia''' started to develop during British colonial rule, and the country's transport network is now diverse and developed. Malaysia's road network is extensive, covering 290,099.38 kilometres, including 2,016.05&nbsp;km of expressways (in 2021). The main highway of the country extends over 800&nbsp;km, reaching the Thai border from Singapore. [[Peninsular Malaysia]] has an extensive road network, whilst the road system in [[East Malaysia]] is not as well-developed. The main [[modes of transport]] in Peninsular Malaysia include [[bus]]es, [[train]]s, [[car]]s and to an extent, commercial travel on [[Commercial aviation|airplanes]].

Malaysia has six international airports, and two [[Container port|container ports]] ranked among the top 20 busiest in the world. The official airline of Malaysia is [[Malaysia Airlines]], providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers. Most of the major cities are connected by air routes. The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849&nbsp;km. Popular within the cities are [[commuter rail]] and [[rapid transit]], which reduces the traffic load on other systems, and is considered safe, comfortable and reliable.

==Land==

=== Roads ===
{{Main|Malaysian Federal Roads System|Malaysian State Roads system|Malaysian Expressway System|Bus transport in Malaysia}}
{{see also|PLUS Expressway Berhad}}
Malaysia's road network covers {{convert|290,099.38|km|mi|0}}, of which {{convert|288,083.33|km}} is paved/unpaved roads, and{{convert|2016.05|km}}  is expressways.<ref name="foo-bar">Malaysian Road Statistic 2021 by Public Works Department (JKR) Malaysia https://www.jkr.gov.my/sites/default/files/upload/Statistik%20Jalan%20Malaysia%20Edisi%202021.pdf </ref> The longest highway of the country, the [[North–South Expressway (Malaysia)|North–South Expressway]], extends over {{convert|800|km}} between the Thai border and Singapore. The Second longest highway is East-Coast Highway (LPT-E8) Spanning almost 500&nbsp;km from Kuala Lumpur to state capital of Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu. The road systems in Sabah and Sarawak are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that of [[Peninsular Malaysia]].<ref>{{Cite book
  | last = Mody
  | first = Ashoka
  | author-link = Ashoka Mody
  | title = Infrastructure strategies in East Asia: the untold story
  | publisher = The World Bank
  | year = 1997
  | location = Washington D.C.
  | page = 35
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jSVNQi3UZKgC
  | isbn = 0-8213-4027-1}}</ref> Recently, the construction of [[Pan-Borneo Highway]] is approved under 2015 Malaysian Budget.<ref>{{cite web|title=Budget 2015: Contractors stand to benefit from Pan-Borneo Highway|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/10/11/Contractors-stand-to-benefit-from-PanBorneo-Highway/?style=biz|work=The Star Online | date=11 October 2014 }}</ref> The highway project spans 1,663&nbsp;km (936&nbsp;km in Sarawak, 727&nbsp;km in Sabah) mostly mirror the existing trunk road, and it involves the widening of the present three-metre-wide single-carriageway into a dual-carriageway.<ref>{{cite web|title=Construction of Pan Borneo Highway begins Tuesday|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/03/30/Pan-Borneo-Najib/|work=The Star Online |date=30 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Najib: Pan-Borneo Highway to be toll-free|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/03/31/najib-pan-borneo-highway-to-be-toll-free/|work=Free Malaysia Today}}</ref> [[Driving on the left or right|Driving on the left]] has been compulsory since the introduction of motor vehicles in [[Federated Malay States]] in 1903 during [[British Empire|British colonial era]].<ref>A redBus [https://www.redbus.my/buses/terminals-directory Guid for navigating malaysia] Retrieved 30 september 2023</ref> It is estimated that 9,432,023 [[Automotive industry in Malaysia#Active Passenger Car Quantity|passenger cars]] are actively using this road network in 2018.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Azmi|first1=Muhammad|last2=Tokai|first2=Akihiro|date=2017-12-01|title=Electric vehicle and end-of-life vehicle estimation in Malaysia 2040|journal=Environment Systems and Decisions|language=en|volume=37|issue=4|pages=451–464|doi=10.1007/s10669-017-9647-4|bibcode=2017EnvSD..37..451A |s2cid=114572684|issn=2194-5411}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://japanlinkcenter.org/jalc/linkSakiAnnaiOto/mRRidirect/index?doi=10.18910/61777|title=マルチプルレゾリューション - JaLC|website=japanlinkcenter.org|page=45|doi=10.18910/61777|access-date=2019-02-08|year=2017|last1=Bin Azmi|first1=Muhammad|last2=ビン|first2=アズミ}}</ref>
[[File:Malaya railway map wiki.svg|thumb|Railway network in peninsular Malaysia]]

=== Railways ===
{{Main|Rail transport in Malaysia|Klang Valley Integrated Transit System|}}
The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of {{convert|1849|km|mi|0}}. Most of the railway lines are consisted of ballasted setup, along with [[concrete sleeper]]s, which serves better in wet and humid tropical condition, compared to wooden sleepers which can rot over time. As early as 1980s, due to the need for local suppliers of such products, a few local [[List of manufacturers of concrete sleepers#Malaysia|Malaysian rail manufacturing companies]] had been formed by collaboration with foreign technology partners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asie.com.my/manufacturing.htm|title=Asie Sendirian Berhad|website=www.asie.com.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pandrol.com/wp-content/uploads/FE-Main-Line-case-study.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 October 2015 |archive-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006145008/http://www.pandrol.com/wp-content/uploads/FE-Main-Line-case-study.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{convert|1792|km|mi|0}} of it is [[metre gauge]], while {{convert|199.5|km|mi|0}} is standard gauge. Seven hundred and sixty-seven kilometres of metre gauge tracks and all of the standard gauge tracks are electrified.<ref name="CIA Fact Book">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/ |title=Malaysia |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=11 March 2014}}</ref> Intra-city travel is through relatively inexpensive [[Rapid KL|rapid transit]] systems. [[KTM Komuter|Commuter rail]] and [[KTM ETS|electric train service]] are available for most major only [[Kuala Lumpur]] and its neighbouring states, development of such efficient transportation have not been made in other states that really needs them.<ref>{{Cite book
  | last1 = Richmond
  | first1 = Simon
  | author-link = Simon Richmond
 | last2 = Cambon
  | first2 = Marie
  | author-link2 = Marie Cambon
 | last3 = Harper
  | first3 = Damian
  | author-link3 = Damian Harper
  | title = Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei
  | publisher = Lonely Planet
  | page = 10
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wprT8EAiMnIC
  | isbn = 9781740593571| year = 2004
 }}</ref> Malaysia already approved its first [[Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail]] project spanning 375&nbsp;km between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.<ref>{{cite news|title=KL–Singapore high speed rail project to start in 2016|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/kl-singapore-high-speed-rail-project-to-start-in-2016|newspaper=The Malaysian Insider}}</ref> This rapid development had spurred growth of local Malaysian rail service Companies which cater to these niche needs.

==Air==
[[Image:KLIA MTB&Tower.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|KLIA]] is the main international airport in Malaysia.]]
[[Image:Malaysia air routes.PNG|thumb|450px|Air transport route maps in Malaysia.]]

Malaysia has 62 airports, of which 38 are paved. [[Malaysia Airlines]], as the [[flag carrier | national carrier]], offers extensive international and domestic routes. Major international routes and domestic routes crossing between [[West Malaysia]] and [[East Malaysia]] are served by [[Malaysia Airlines]], [[AirAsia]], [[Firefly (airline) | Firefly]], and [[Batik Air Malaysia]] while smaller domestic and regional routes are supplemented by smaller airlines like [[MASwings]], [[Firefly (airline)|Firefly]] and [[SKS Airways]]. Cargo airlines such as [[MASkargo]], [[AirAsia | Teleport]], [[World Cargo Airlines]], Kargo Xpress, and [[Raya Airways]] play a crucial role in enhancing connectivity between West and East Malaysia and Malaysia to the world.

=== Airports ===
[[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]] is the primary and busiest airport in Malaysia. In 2018, it was the world's [[List of the world's busiest airports by international passenger traffic|12th-busiest airport by international passenger traffic]], recording over 43.5 million international passenger traffic. Other major airports include [[Kota Kinabalu International Airport]], which is also Malaysia's second-busiest airport and busiest airport in [[East Malaysia]] with over 8.6 million passengers in 2018, and [[Penang International Airport]], which serves Malaysia's second-largest urban area, with over 7.99 million passengers in 2018.
{{see also|List of airports in Malaysia}}

=== Airports with paved runways ===
total: 38 <br />
over 3,047 m: 5 <br />
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 <br />
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 <br />
914 to 1,523 m: 9 <br />
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)

=== Heliports ===
2 (2006 est.)

===Airlines===
'''National airline:'''
* [[Malaysia Airlines]]

'''Other airline:'''
* [[List of airlines of Malaysia]]

== Waterways ==
Malaysia has {{convert|7200|km|mi|0}} of waterways,<ref name="CIA Fact Book"/> most of them rivers. Of this, {{convert|3200|km}} are in Peninsular Malaysia, {{convert|1500|km}} are in Sabah, and {{convert|2500|km}} are in Sarawak.<ref name="CIA Fact Book"/>

=== Ports and harbours ===
[[File:Tanjungpelepas.jpg|thumb|300x300px|[[Port of Tanjung Pelepas]] in [[Johor]], the 15th busiest port in the world and the fifth most efficient globally.]]
[[File:Melaka-Indomal-shuttle-2221.jpg|thumb|300px|Shuttle boats ferry to the [[Malacca]]-[[Sumatra]] ferry (the big yellow boat) anchored offshore near [[Malacca]].]]
Malaysia is strategically located on the [[Strait of Malacca]], one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. Malaysia has two ports that are listed in the top 20 busiest ports in the world, [[Port Klang]] and [[Port of Tanjung Pelepas]], which are, respectively, the second- and third-busiest ports in [[Southeast Asia]] after the [[Port of Singapore]]. Port Klang is Malaysia's busiest port, and the [[List of world's busiest container ports|thirteenth-busiest port in the world]] in 2013, handling over 10.3 million [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]]s. Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP) is Malaysia's second-busiest port and the largest [[transshipment]] hub, and the [[List of world's busiest container ports|15th busiest port in the world]] in 2023, handling over 11 million TEUs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Of Tanjung Pelepas Makes History As First Container Terminal In Malaysia To Surpass 12 Million TEUs Throughput {{!}} Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/port-of-tanjung-pelepas-makes-history-as-first-container-terminal-in-malaysia-to-surpass-12-million-teus-throughput/#:~:text=This%20remarkable%20achievement%20surpassed%20PTP's,leading%20and%20largest%20transshipment%20hub. |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=www.hellenicshippingnews.com}}</ref> PTP is also the most efficient port in Malaysia and ranked fifth in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=PTP 5th most efficient container port in the world, 1st in SE Asia |url=https://themalaysianreserve.com/2024/06/17/ptp-5th-most-efficient-container-port-in-the-world-1st-in-se-asia/ |access-date=2025-03-06 |website=The Malaysian Reserve |language=en-US}}</ref>

This is a list of Malaysian ports and harbours:
* [[Bintulu]]
* [[Kota Kinabalu]]
* [[Kuantan]]
* [[Kemaman]]
* [[Kuching]]
* [[Kudat]]
* [[Labuan Territory|Labuan]]
* [[Lahad Datu]]
* [[Lumut, Malaysia|Lumut]]
* [[Miri, Malaysia|Miri]]
* [[Pasir Gudang]]
* [[Port of Penang|Penang]]
* [[Port Dickson]]
* [[Port Klang]]
* [[Sandakan]]
* [[Sibu]]
* [[Tanjung Berhala]]
* [[Tanjung Kidurong]]
* [[Tawau]]
* [[Tanjung Pelepas]]
* [[Tanjung Langsat Port|Tanjung Langsat]]
* [[Kuala Kedah]]
* [[Kuala Perlis]]
[[File:Penang-Butterworth Ferry (2694100379).jpg|thumb|A ferry underway in Penang, Malaysia]]

=== Ferry ===
* [[Penang ferry service]], {{flag|Pulau Pinang}} 
* [[Langkawi Ferry Service]], {{flag|Kedah}} 
* [[Pangkor Ferry Service]], {{flag|Perak}} 
* [[Tioman Ferry Service]], {{flag|Terengganu}}
* [[Labuan Ferry service]], {{flag|Labuan}} 
* [[Tawau Ferry service]], {{flag|Sabah}} 
* [[Miri Ferry service]], {{flag|Sarawak}}
* [[Sandakan Ferry service]], {{flag|Sabah}} 
* [[Pasir Kelang Ferry service]], {{flag|Kelantan}}

=== {{anchor|Marine merchantile}}Merchant Marine ===
Total: 360 ships (1,000 GT or over) 5,389,397 GT/{{DWT|7,539,178|metric|disp=long}}
by type: bulk 59, cargo 100, chemical tanker 38, container 66, liquefied gas 25, livestock carrier 1, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, roll on/roll off 5, vehicle carrier 8

Foreign-owned: China 1, Germany 2, Hong Kong 8, Indonesia 2, Japan 2, South Korea 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 1, Norway 1, Philippines 2, Singapore 81, Vietnam 1 <br />
registered in other countries: 75 (2009 est.)

=== Pipelines ===
{{see also|Peninsular Gas Pipeline}}
Malaysia has {{convert|3|km|mi|0}} of condensate pipeline, {{convert|1965|km}} of gas pipeline, {{convert|31|km}} of oil pipeline, and {{convert|114|km}} of refined products pipelines.<ref name="CIA Fact Book"/>

== See also ==
* [[List of airports in Malaysia]]
* [[Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail]]
* [[Public transport in Kuala Lumpur]]
* [[Transportation in Kuala Lumpur]]
* [[Plug-in electric vehicles in Malaysia]]

'''Regulation:'''
* [[Road signs in Malaysia]]
* [[Puspakom]], vehicle inspection
* [[Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Transport in Malaysia}}

{{Malaysia topics}}
{{Bus transport in Malaysia}}
{{Rail transport in Malaysia}}
{{Asia in topic|Transport in }}

[[Category:Transport in Malaysia| ]]