View source for Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania

{{short description|Township in Pennsylvania, US}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Tredyffrin Township
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| settlement_type    = [[Township (Pennsylvania)|Township]]
| image_skyline      = Anthony Wayne statue.jpeg
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = The ''[[Anthony Wayne]] statue'' in [[Valley Forge]]
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| image_seal         = Seal of Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania.jpg
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| image_map          = Chester County Pennsylvania incorporated and unincorporated areas Tredyffrin highlighted.svg
| mapsize            = 260px
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| map_caption        = Location of Tredyffrin Township in [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]] and of Chester County in [[Pennsylvania]]
| image_map1         = Pennsylvania in United States (US48).svg
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| subdivision_name2  = [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester]]
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| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1707
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| area_total_km2     = 51.41
| area_total_sq_mi   = 19.85
| area_land_km2      = 51.19
| area_land_sq_mi    = 19.77
| area_water_km2     = 0.22
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.09
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| population_as_of   = [[2010 United States census|2010]]
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| population_total   = 29332
| pop_est_as_of      = 2016
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| population_est     = 29423
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| blank_info         = 42-029-77344
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| blank2_name_sec2   = Wikimedia Commons
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| website            = {{URL|http://www.tredyffrin.org/}}
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}}
'''Tredyffrin Township''' ({{IPAc-en|pron|t|r|ᵻ|ˈ|d|ɪ|f|r|ᵻ|n}} {{IPA|cy|trɛˈdɘfrɪn|lang}}) is a [[Township (Pennsylvania)|township]] located in eastern [[Chester County, Pennsylvania]], United States. The population was 29,332 at the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]].

Settled in the late 17th century, Tredyffrin is bounded by [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware]] and [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery]] counties. It includes on its northern boundary a small part of [[Valley Forge National Historical Park]], where [[George Washington]] encamped during the [[American War of Independence]]. Tredyffrin and the entire [[Great Valley (Pennsylvania)|Great Valley]] region also have many [[limestone]] deposits. Tredyffrin is the most populous township in Chester County.

Unincorporated communities within Tredyffrin Township include [[Chesterbrook, Pennsylvania|Chesterbrook]], [[Strafford, Pennsylvania|Strafford]], a portion of [[Paoli, Pennsylvania|Paoli]], and a portion of [[Wayne, Pennsylvania|Wayne]], Howellville at the intersection of Swedesford and Howellville Roads, and East Howellville, along Howellville Road, west of the intersection of Howellville Road and the border between Tredyffrin and Easttown Townships. Tredyffrin is bordered by [[Easttown Township, Pennsylvania|Easttown]], [[East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania|East Whiteland]], [[Willistown Township, Pennsylvania|Willistown]], [[Charlestown Township, Pennsylvania|Charlestown]], [[Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Merion]], [[Radnor Township, Pennsylvania|Radnor]] and [[Schuylkill Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania|Schuylkill]] townships.

== History ==
On March 13, 1684, [[William Penn]] decided to set aside a portion of what was then the [[Province of Pennsylvania]] for settlements for [[Wales|Welsh]] immigrants.  This area, known as the "[[Welsh Tract]]", was surveyed in 1684 and included several modern-day townships, including Tredyffrin.  Although the Welsh Tract was originally meant to be a self-ruling municipality, it was divided between Chester County and [[Philadelphia]] when that county was created in 1685, and the Welsh subsequently submitted to the authority of Chester County.   In 1707, Tredyffrin was incorporated as a township.   This name comes from the Welsh ''[[wikt:tref|tre(f)]]'', which means "town", joined to ''[[wikt:dyffryn|dyffryn]]'', which means "wide, cultivated valley".   Tredyffrin was quick to develop into a thriving township.  In 1710, the first mill in Tredyffrin was started by Thomas Jerman on what is now North Valley Road.   Swedesford Road, one of the first roads in the township, was created by 1718.

As the population of the township grew, with 30 resident landowners in 1722 and 83 in 1774, [[church (building)|church]]es sprung up to meet the demand by religious residents.  In 1710, the [[Baptists|Baptist]] minister Hugh Davis moved to the Great Valley from Britain and, there being several Baptist families in this area, the [[Baptist Church in the Great Valley]] was formed on April 22, 1711.  The church originally met in [[Radnor, Pennsylvania|Radnor]].  However, there were enough members of this Baptist church that by 1722, a log building was erected in Tredyffrin to serve the congregation.

As Tredyffrin includes part of [[Valley Forge National Historical Park]], there are many [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]-related sites in the township, especially the park and houses where various generals were quartered.

Development in the township was sparked in the 19th century by construction and advertisement of the "Main Line" railroad service, which terminated in [[Paoli, Pennsylvania|Paoli]], which straddles the western border of the township.

Tredyffrin-Easttown school district was unusual for the area in being [[racial integration|racially integrated]] during the early part of the century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.phillymag.com/articles/what_if_bill_cosby_is_right/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814093722/http://www.phillymag.com/articles/what_if_bill_cosby_is_right/|url-status=dead|title=Bill Cosby and Main Line education|archivedate=August 14, 2007}}</ref> In 1932, the district planned to segregate after building a new school, and African Americans in the township boycotted the school system for two years in protest (the "School Fight"). In 1934 a negotiated settlement was reached whereby the schools remained integrated, and helped kill school segregation in Pennsylvania.

During the [[Cold War]], a [[Project Nike|Nike]] anti-aircraft missile site was active in the township. It was located off Le Boutillier Road, near Swedesford Road.

== Historic buildings ==
[[County Bridge No. 171]], [[Cramond (Strafford, Pennsylvania)|Cramond]], [[Cressbrook Farm]], [[Federal Barn]], [[Great Valley Mill]], [[Greenwood Farm (Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania)|Greenwood Farm]], [[David Havard House]], [[Lafayette's Quarters]], [[Maj. Gen. Lord Stirling Quarters]], [[Mount Zion A.M.E. Church (Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania)|Mount Zion A.M.E. Church]], [[Strafford (SEPTA station)|Strafford Railroad Station]], [[Valley Forge National Historical Park]], [[Joseph Walker House]], [[Van Leer Cabin]], and [[Wetherby–Hampton–Snyder–Wilson–Erdman Log House]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. In addition, the [[Wharton Esherick Studio|Wharton Esherick Museum]] is listed as a [[National Historic Landmark]]; it was built starting in 1926.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

Other notable buildings are:
* [[Diamond Rock Schoolhouse]], an octagonal one-room school built in 1818.
* Seven colonial log houses and cabins.
* Knox Covered Bridge in Valley Forge National Historical Park.
* Revolutionary War sites: Quarters of Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling; Quarters of Major General Marquis de Lafayette; Quarters of Brigadier General [[Anthony Wayne]]; Quarters of General Charles Cornwallis, and a number of other generals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tredyffrin.org/boards/harb/survey.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129003346/http://tredyffrin.org/boards/harb/survey.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Tredyffrin historic sites|archivedate=November 29, 2010}}</ref>
* [[Old Eagle School]], built in 1788

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the township has a total area of {{convert|19.9|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|19.8|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|0.04|sqmi}}, or 0.15%, is water.

Tredyffrin's climate borders upon hot-summer [[humid continental climate|humid continental]] (''Dfa'') and [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] (''Cfa''). The [[hardiness zone]] is 7a as in almost all of Chester County. [https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map | USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map]

==Transportation==
{{stack|[[File:2022-09-18 13 57 22 View east along Interstate 76 (Pennsylvania Turnpike Philadelphia Extension) from the overpass for the ramps to Pennsylvania State Route 29 (Charlestown Road) in Tredyffrin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.jpg|thumb|The [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]]/[[Interstate 76 in Pennsylvania|I-76]] eastbound in Tredyffrin Township]]}}
As of 2018, there were {{convert|150.13|mi}} of public roads in Tredyffrin Township, of which {{convert|6.30|mi}} were maintained by the [[Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission]] (PTC), {{convert|36.94|mi}} were maintained by the [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation]] (PennDOT) and {{convert|106.89|mi}} were maintained by the township.<ref name=PennDOTmap>{{cite web|url=https://gis.penndot.gov/BPR_pdf_files/Maps/Type5/15236.pdf|title=Tredyffrin Township map|publisher=PennDOT|access-date=March 13, 2023}}</ref>

The [[Pennsylvania Turnpike]] ([[Interstate 76 in Pennsylvania|I-76]]) is the most prominent road serving Tredyffrin Township. It follows a southwest–northeast alignment across the northwestern portion of the township. [[U.S. Route 202 in Pennsylvania|U.S. Route 202]] follows a similar alignment across the center of the township. [[U.S. Route 422 in Pennsylvania|U.S. Route 422]] begins at US 202 in the northeastern corner of the township and follows the County Line Expressway northwestward. [[U.S. Route 30 in Pennsylvania|U.S. Route 30]] follows Lancaster Avenue along an east–west alignment through the southern section of the township. Finally, [[Pennsylvania Route 252]] follows Leopard Road, Bear Hill Road, Swedesford Road, Valley Forge Road and Valley Creek Road along a north–south alignment through the middle of the township.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1930= 5458
|1940= 6260
|1950= 7836
|1960= 16004
|1970= 23404
|1980= 23019
|1990= 28028
|2000= 29062
|2010= 29332
|2020= 31927
|footnote=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dvrpc.org/data/databull/rdb/db82/appedixa.xls |title=DVRPC > Site Search |access-date=March 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409042424/https://www.dvrpc.org/data/databull/rdb/db82/appedixa.xls |archive-date=April 9, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2020 |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/tredyffrintownshipchestercountypennsylvania/PST045219}}</ref>
}}
At the 2010 census, the township was 83.3% non-Hispanic White, 3.3% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 9.8% Asian, and 1.4% were two or more races. 2.2% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/profile/pa|title=Census 2010: Pennsylvania - USATODAY.com|website=[[USA Today]] |date=March 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314234139/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/profile/pa |archive-date=March 14, 2011 }}</ref>

As of the [[2000 United States census]], there were 29,062 people, 12,223 households, and 7,834 families residing in the township.  The population density was {{convert|1,464.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>  There were 12,551 housing units at an average density of {{convert|632.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the township was 90.88% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 2.84% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.11% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 5.12% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.29% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.74% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.20% of the population.

There were 12,223 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the township the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $82,258, and the median income for a family was $105,183 (these figures had risen to $90,915 and $121,809 respectively as of a 2007 estimate).<ref>{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/deeplinks?url=https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=06000US4201781048&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US42%7C05000US42017%7C06000US4201781048&_street=&_county=tredyffrin&_cityTown=tredyffrin&_state=04000US42&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=060&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_SAFF&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null&reg=null:null&_keyword=&_industry=%5B%5D|access-date=November 5, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> Males had a median income of $76,393 versus $46,124 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the township was $47,584.  About 2.2% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
Tredyffrin is governed by a seven-member Board of Supervisors. Four members are elected from the township at-large, while three members are elected from specific districts, though all supervisors are treated equally once on the Board.

''{{As of|2023|11|8|df=US|lc=y}}:''<ref>{{cite web|date=November 4, 2021|title=Votes Nearly Tallied In Tredyffrin Township Races|url=https://patch.com/pennsylvania/te/votes-nearly-tallied-tredyffrin-township-races|access-date=November 5, 2021|website=Tredyffrin-Easttown, PA Patch|language=en}}</ref> 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! District
! Supervisor
! Party
! Term ends
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| rowspan="4" | At-Large || {{Sort name|last=Johnston-Pugh|first=Carlotta|nolink=y}}||[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|| 2027
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| {{Sort name|last=Humble|first=Sharon|nolink=y}}|| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || 2027
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| {{Sort name|last=Holt|first=Matt|nolink=y}}|| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || 2025 
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| {{Sort name|last=Wysocki|first=Murph|nolink=y}}|| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || 2025 
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Eastern District || {{Sort name|last=Gosse|first=Julie|nolink=y}}||[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|| 2027
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Middle District || {{Sort name|last=Miller|first=David|nolink=y}}|| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] || 2025 
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Western District || {{Sort name|last=Bhaskar|first=Kasi|nolink=y}}||[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|| 2027
|}

==Politics==
Party registration as of July 2010 were 45% Republican, 39% Democratic, and 16% Independent and third parties.  In the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]] presidential election, Tredyffrin voters gave 58% of its votes to Democratic candidate [[Barack Obama]] over [[John McCain]], a significant change from previous elections. [[Mitt Romney]] vastly improved upon  McCain's performance, but still fell short as  Obama carried the township with 52% of the vote in the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] presidential election.

Party registration as of October 2025 stood at 44% Democratic, 34% Republican, 21% Independent and third parties.

== Geology ==
The rocks of Tredyffrin were laid down in the upper [[Paleozoic]], meaning that they are primarily [[metamorphic]]. [[Limestone]] is often at the surface in the Great Valley, so many limestone kilns were created in the 18th century. Mine owner William Rennyson sold the fizzy water from his Howellville limestone quarry as "Tredyffrin Water" around 1900.<ref>https://patch.com/pennsylvania/te/tredyffrin-water-was-known-medicinal-qualities-historical-society-says "'Tredyffrin Water' Was Known For Medicinal Qualities, Historical Society Says", Justin Heinze, Patch, August 4, 2016</ref> The northern edge of the township is a ridge of [[quartzite]] and [[sandstone]] (the [[Cambrian]] [[Chickies Formation]]) including Valley Forge Mountain (or Mount Misery), which was mined for quartz in the 18th century through the mid-19th century.

== Education ==
=== Primary and secondary schools ===
{{Further|Tredyffrin/Easttown School District}}
[[File:Conestoga High School.jpg|thumb|[[Conestoga High School]]]]
Tredyffrin Township lies within the [[Tredyffrin/Easttown School District]].<ref>"[http://www.tredyffrin.org/about-us/maps Maps]." Tredyffrin Township. Retrieved on October 9, 2018. See [http://www.tredyffrin.org/home/showdocument?id=152 Zoning map]</ref> Students residing within township boundaries attend Hillside Elementary School, New Eagle Elementary School, and Valley Forge Elementary School for grades K–4. Tredyffrin/Easttown Middle School and Valley Forge Middle School serve students in grades 5–8, and [[Conestoga High School]] serves students in grades 9–12.<ref>"[https://www.tesd.net/cms/lib/PA01001259/Centricity/Domain/1414/TESDmap2015.pdf TESDmap2015.pdf]." [[Tredyffrin/Easttown School District]]. Retrieved on October 9, 2018.</ref>

Private schools in Tredyffrin Township include:
*[[Delaware Valley Friends School]] in Paoli 
*Devon Preparatory School (grades 6–12) in Devon
*Woodlynde School in Strafford
*Heritage School (preschool) in Wayne address
*[[The Vanguard School (Pennsylvania)|Vanguard School]] (ungraded special education), in Paoli

===Public libraries===
Tredyffrin Township Libraries operates Tredyffrin Public Library and Paoli Library.<ref>[http://www.tredyffrinlibraries.org/ Home page]. Tredyffrin Township Libraries. Retrieved on September 8, 2009.</ref>

The Tredyffrin Library, with {{convert|18000|sqft|sqm}} of space as of 1977<!--The source document is from 1977 folks! If things have changed in ANY of these things, find new sources!!!-->, is located in the [[Strafford, Pennsylvania|Strafford]] community.<ref name=Relatingp95>"Relating common solutions: two libraries by Mitchell/Giurgola." p. 95.</ref> The architectural firm [[Mitchell/Giurgola]] developed the Tredyffrin Library. It has an amphitheater that is focused on a park in a southward direction.<ref name=Relatingp93>"Relating common solutions: two libraries by Mitchell/Giurgola." p. 93.</ref> The library has a single large reading room.<ref name=Relatingp95/> The library building has a larger two-story end, while the other end has only one story at the upper level.<ref name=Relatingp94>"Relating common solutions: two libraries by Mitchell/Giurgola." p. 94.</ref> Offices at the main level are in a separate element of the structure from the main reading room, and this structure juts out from the flue. ''[[Architectural Record]]'' said that this "allows direct access to the reading room from the public entrance."<ref name=Relatingp95/> In 1990 a new children's library was created on the lower level of the building in previously unfinished space.<ref name="tredyffrinlibraries.org">http://www.tredyffrinlibraries.org/tredyffrin-public-library/history/ . Tredyffrin Township Libraries. Retrieved on December 14, 2018.</ref>

As the community continued to grow and change, plans were finalized in 2004 to renovate and expand Tredyffrin Library. In September 2007, the library broke ground for a $6 million renovation and expansion. On January 31, 2009, the entire expanded building was open to the public for the first time.<ref name="tredyffrinlibraries.org"/>

''Architectural Record'' stated that Tredyffrin Library and the library built in [[Condon Hall (University of Washington)|Condon Hall]] of the [[University of Washington School of Law]], which was also designed by Mitchell/Giurgola, have common underlying concepts. According to the publication, the shared concepts were "unusual sensitivity in using natural light to best advantage while warding off the sun," a "quickly apparent organization of functions," and being "responsive to the varying situations in which it is built."<ref name=Relatingp93/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*Futhey, J. Smith, and Gilbert Cope. History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with Genealogical and Biographical Sketches. Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1881.  {{ISBN|0-7884-0206-4}}
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20011116135303/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/maps/map7.pdf Geologic Map of Pennsylvania]". 2000. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey. December 16, 2002.
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20031219104615/http://tredyffrin.org/history.htm History of Tredyffrin Township]". Tredyffrin Township, Chester County, PA. December 16, 2002.
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20011116140101/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/maps/map15.pdf Limestone and Dolomite Distribution in Pennsylvania]". 2000. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey. December 16, 2002.
* "Relating common solutions: two libraries by Mitchell/Giurgola." ''[[Architectural Record]]''. August 1977. Volume 162. p.&nbsp;93-98. {{ISSN|0003-858X}}.

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Portal|Philadelphia|Pennsylvania}}
* [https://www.tredyffrin.org/ Tredyffrin Township official website]
* [https://www.tesd.net/ Tredyffrin/Easttown School District]
* [https://www.tehistory.org/ Tredyffrin Easttown Historical Society]

{{Tredyffrin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania}}
{{Chester County, Pennsylvania}}
{{Pennsylvania}}
{{PA Home Rule Municipality}}

[[Category:Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania|*]]
[[Category:1707 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Philadelphia Main Line]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1707]]
[[Category:Townships in Chester County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Townships in Pennsylvania]]