View source for Triphala

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{{Short description|South and East Asian drink}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{italics title}}
{{chinese
|pic=
|picsize=
|piccap=
|t={{linktext|三|勒|漿}}
|s=三勒浆
|p=Sānlèjiāng
|w=San-lê-chiang
|l=Three Myrobalan Juice
}} 

'''{{translit|hi|Triphala}}''' ({{langx|hi|त्रिफला}}; {{langx|sa|त्रिफला}}, {{translit|sa|triphalā}}, "three fruits") is a [[fruit drink]]{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=1}} or [[infusion]] produced from [[Terminalia chebula|chebulic myrobalan]] ({{langx|sa|{{linktext|हरीतकी}}}}, {{translit|sa|harītakī}}; {{langx|hi|हरीतकी}}, {{translit|hi|haritaki}}), [[Terminalia bellirica|beleric myrobalan]] ({{langx|sa|विभीतकी}}, {{translit|sa|vibhītakī}}; {{langx|hi|बिभीतकी}}, {{translit|hi|bibhitaki}}), and [[Phyllanthus emblica|emblic myrobalan]] ({{langx|sa|आमलकी}}, {{translit|sa|āmalakī}}; {{langx|hi|आँवला}}, {{translit|hi|ā̃vlā}}). Containing [[vitamin C]], it is considered an [[Ayurvedic]] [[rasayana]] formula when the dried and powdered fruit are prepared in a 1:1:1{{sfnp|O'Mathuna|2011}} or 1:2:3 ratio.{{sfnp|Parveen & al.|2018}} It is one of the most common Ayurvedic treatments in the world.{{sfnp|O'Mathuna|2011}} Less prominently, as '''{{translit|zh|sanlejiang}}''', the drink has a 1200-year history as a kind of [[fruit wine]] in [[China]]{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=3}} with the non-alcoholic form now being marketed there as a [[traditional Chinese medicine|traditional herbal remedy]].{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=2}}

{{Multiple image
|total_width = 600
| align             = center
| height = 400
| caption_align     = center
| image1            = A view of Honey Terminalia chebula (Kadukkaai).jpg
| alt1              = chebulic myrobalan
| caption1          = chebulic myrobalan
| image2            = Bahera (Terminalia bellirica) fruits.jpg
| alt2              = beleric myrobalan
| caption2          = beleric myrobalan
| image3            = Fruits de Phyllanthus emblica à Pushkar (Rajasthan) (2).jpg
| alt3              = emblic myrobalan
| caption3          = amla, emblic myrobalan
}}

==History==
The earliest record of {{translit|hi|triphala}} in [[China]] is [[Li Zhao]]'s {{c.|820}} ''Supplement to the [[New Book of Tang|Book of Tang]]'' ({{translit|zh|Tangguoshi Bu}}), which lists it in a section on domestic and foreign alcohol available in the [[Tang Empire|Tang]] capital [[Chang'an]].{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=3}} It states the Chinese formulation was based on a recipe from [[Iranian Intermezzo|Persia]].{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=3}} One such recipe is included in [[Han E (scholar)|Han E]]'s mid- or late-Tang ''Summary of the Four Seasons'' {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|《四時纂要》}},}} {{translit|zh|Sì Shí Zuǎnyào}}), first published in 996: pulverize 3 [[liang (unit)|liang]] (about {{convert|120|g|oz|sp=us|disp=or|0}})<!--Tang value--> of the pits of each of the 3 fruits to a [[sesame seed]] consistency; thoroughly mix 1 [[dou (unit)|dou]] (about {{convert|2|liter|USgal|sp=us|disp=or|1}}) of clear honey with 2 dou of fresh clear water before adding the pulverized seeds; seal tightly with clean paper; open, stir, remove internal condensation, and reseal to allow [[fermentation]] to proceed; and reopen and consume after thirty days.{{sfnp|Chen|2021|pp=4-5}} Han praised the sweet resulting wine as a [[digestif]], [[deflatulent]], and mild [[laxative]].{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=5}} The [[Ming-era]] encyclopedist [[Gao Lian (dramatist)|Gao Lian]] copied much of this in his ''Eight Treatises on Nurturing Life'' {{nowrap|({{lang|zh|《遵生八笺》}},}} {{translit|zh|Zūnshēng Bā Jiān}}) but emended the recipe to use 3 liang total in the mixture.{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=5}} Commenters varied as to whether preparation in the 8th or 9th [[Chinese month|lunar month]] (normally September or October) produced the best results.{{sfnp|Chen|2021|p=6}}

==See also==
* [[Ayurveda]] & [[Rasayana]]
* [[Traditional Chinese medicine]] & [[Chinese alcohol]]
* [[Herbal medicine]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last=Chen |first=Ming |author-mask=Ming Chen |contribution-url=https://glorisunglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/hualin4.2_chen.pdf |contribution='Method from Persia': Study of the Origins of the 'Three Myrobalan Decoction' |editor=Jack Hargreaves |display-editors=0 |title=Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies |volume=4, no. 2 |date=2021 |pp=1-78 |publisher= |location= }}.
* {{citation |last=O'Mathuna |first=Donal |contribution=Does It Work? Can Triphala Act as an Antimicrobial? |contribution-url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/does-it-work-can-triphala-act-as-an-antimicrobial-1.570237 |date=12 April 2011 |title=Irish Times |publisher= |location= }}
* {{citation |last1 = Parveen |first1 = Romana |last2 = Shamsi |first2 = Tooba Naz |last3 = Singh |first3 = Gurjeet |last4 = Athar |first4 = Teeba |last5 = Fatima |first5 = Sadaf |display-authors=1 |ref={{harvid|Parveen & al.|2018}} |date = March 2018 |contribution = Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Biochemical Characterization of Aqueous and Methanolic Extract of Triphala, a Conventional Herbal Remedy |title= Biotechnology Reports |publisher = [[Elsevier]] |location= |volume = 17 |pages = 126–136 |doi = 10.1016/j.btre.2018.02.003 |doi-access = free |pmc = 5881245 |pmid = 29619331}}.
{{refend}}

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[[Category:Ayurvedic medicaments]]
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