View source for Tripitaka Koreana

{{Short description|13th-century Korean Buddhist scriptures}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox manuscript
|name={{lang|la|Tripiṭaka Koreana}}
|image       = Tripitaka Koreana 02.jpg
|caption     = The ''Tripiṭaka Koreana'' in storage at Haeinsa (2022)
|location    = [[Haeinsa]], South Korea
|Language(s) = [[Classical Chinese]]
|Type=[[Woodblock printing|Woodblocks for printing]]
|Contents=Buddhist canon
|Size={{Plainlist|
* 1,496 texts
* 6,568 books
}}
|Material = Birch
|below = {{Infobox designation list
|embed=yes
|designation1=National Treasures of South Korea
|designation1_date=1962-12-20
|designation1_offname=Printing Woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana in Haeinsa Temple, Hapcheon
|designation1_number=32
}}
{{Infobox Korean name/auto
|hangul=^팔만 대장경; ^고려 대장경
|hanja=八萬大藏經; 高麗大藏經
|child=yes
}}
}}

{{Korean Buddhism}}

The '''{{lang|la|Tripiṭaka Koreana}}'''{{efn|{{Korean|hangul=고려대장경}}. Alternate names {{Korean|hangul=합천 해인사 대장경판|lit=Hapcheon Haeansa ''Tripiṭaka''|labels=no}} and ({{Korean|hangul=팔만 대장경|lit=Eighty-Thousand ''Tripiṭaka''|labels=no}})}} is a [[Korea]]n collection of the {{lang|sa-Latn|[[Tripiṭaka]]}} ([[Buddhist scriptures]]), carved onto 81,352 [[Woodblock printing|wooden printing blocks]] in the 13th century. They are currently located at the Buddhist temple [[Haeinsa]], in [[South Gyeongsang Province]], South Korea.<ref name="Memory">{{cite web |title=Printing woodblocks of the Tripiṭaka Koreana and miscellaneous Buddhist scriptures |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/printing-woodblocks-tripitaka-koreana-and-miscellaneous-buddhist-scriptures |website=UNESCO Memory of the World  |access-date=2024-12-16 }}</ref> It is the oldest intact version of Buddhist canon in [[Hanja]] script. It contains 1,496 titles, divided into 6,568 books, spanning 81,258 pages, for a total 52,330,152 [[Hanja]] characters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wooden block printing perfection of Tripitaka Koreana |date=November 13, 2021 |publisher=[[The Korea Herald]] |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20211111000298}}</ref> It is often called the '''''Palman Daejanggyeong''''' ("Eighty-thousand Tripitaka") due to the number of the printing plates that comprise it.<ref name="UNESCO Silkroad">{{cite web |title=Printing woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana and miscellaneous Buddhist scriptures |work=UNESCO World Heritage |access-date=2024-09-01 |url=https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/silk-road-themes/documentary-heritage/printing-woodblocks-tripitaka-koreana-and-miscellaneous}}</ref> It is also known as the '''''Goryeo Daejanggyeong''''' (Goryeo dynasty Tripitaka).<ref name="UNESCO Silkroad" />

Each wood block (page) measures 24 centimetres in height and 70 centimetres ({{convert|24|x|70|cm|disp=out}}) in length.<ref name="UNESCO_PDF">{{cite web |title=Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/737.pdf |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=[[United Nations]] |access-date=30 July 2016 }}</ref> The thickness of the blocks ranges from {{convert|2.6|to(-)|4|cm}} and each weighs about three to four kilograms (6.61 - 8.81 lbs). The woodblocks would be almost as tall as [[Paektu Mountain]] at {{convert|2.74|km|abbr=on}} if stacked and would measure {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} long if lined up, and weigh 280 tons in total.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Park |first1=Sang-jin |title=Under the Microscope: The Secrets of the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks |date=18 September 2014 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=9781443867320 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRZQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 |access-date=30 September 2016 |language=en }}</ref> The woodblocks are in pristine condition without warping or deformation despite being created more than 750 years ago.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] (South Korea) |title=World Heritage in Korea |date=19 November 2011 |isbn=9788981241773 |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xOGBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA188 |access-date=30 July 2016 |language=en }}</ref><ref name="condition">{{cite book |last1=Park |first1=Sang-jin |title=Under the Microscope: The Secrets of the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks |date=18 September 2014 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=9781443867320 |page=131 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRZQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131 |access-date=30 July 2016 |language=en }}</ref>

The ''Tripiṭaka'' was designated a [[National Treasure (South Korea)|National Treasure of South Korea]] in 1962, and inscribed in the [[Memory of the World Register – Asia and the Pacific|UNESCO Memory of the World international register]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Printing Woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana in Haeinsa Temple, Hapcheon |url=http://jikimi.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza_new/ECulresult_Db_View.jsp?VdkVgwKey=11,00320000,38&queryText=&requery=0 |access-date=1 October 2016 |website=[[Cultural Heritage Administration]] |publisher=[[Korea Tourism Organization]]}}</ref><ref name="Memory" /> Historically the ''Tripiṭaka'' was closed except for Buddhist events and scholars but 2021 it was opened to members of the public who preregister.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ki |first=Jung-hoon |date=2021-06-12 |title=World Heritage Tripitaka Koreana, also visible to the public |url=https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0106_202106122254576283 |access-date=2021-06-12 |website=[[YTN]] |language=ko }}</ref>

== Name ==
There is a movement by scholars to change the English name of the ''Tripiṭaka Koreana''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kim |first1=Tong-hyung |date=4 November 2013 |title='Tripitaka Koreana' may be renamed |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2016/07/317_145614.html |access-date=1 October 2016 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref> Robert Buswell Jr., a scholar of [[Korean Buddhism]], called for the renaming of the Tripiṭaka Koreana to the '''''Korean Buddhist Canon''''', indicating that the current nomenclature is misleading because the ''Tripiṭaka Koreana'' is much greater in scale than the actual Tripiṭaka, and includes much additional content such as travelogues, [[Sanskrit]] and Chinese dictionaries, and biographies of monks and nuns.<ref name="Yun">{{cite web |last1=Yun |first1=Suh-young |date=3 September 2013 |title=Name of Tripitaka Koreana should be changed |url=http://www.ktimes.com/www/news/nation/2016/09/116_142218.html |access-date=1 October 2016 |website=[[The Korea Times]]}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Tripitaka Koreana sutra page.jpg|thumb|''Tripiṭaka Koreana'' sutra page in 1371]]
[[File:Tripitaka Koreana 03.jpg|thumb|''Tripitaka'' storage]]
The name '''Goryeo ''Tripiṭaka''''' comes from "[[Goryeo]]", the [[Names of Korea|name of Korea]] from the 10th to the 14th centuries.

Work on the first ''Tripiṭaka Koreana'' began in 1011 during the [[Goryeo–Khitan War]] and was completed in 1087.<ref name="First">{{cite book|last1=Park|first1=Sang-jin|title=Under the Microscope: The Secrets of the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks|date=18 September 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=9781443867320|page=21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRZQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21|access-date=30 July 2016|language=en}}</ref> Choi's Goryeo Military Regime, which moved the capital to [[Ganghwa Island]] due to Mongol invasions, set up a temporary organization called "Daejang Dogam".

The act of carving the woodblocks was considered to be a way of bringing about a change in fortune by invoking the Buddha's help.<ref>Turnbull. Page 41.</ref><ref name="digital.lib.washington.edu">https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/24231/Hyun_washington_0250E_12384.pdf?sequence=1 p. 191.</ref> The first ''Tripiṭaka Koreana'' was based primarily on the [[Kaibao Canon]] completed in the 10th century,<ref name="park 451">[[Jin Y. Park|Park, Jin Y.]] article "Buddhism in Korea" in Keown and Prebish 2010 : 451.</ref><ref name="digital.lib.washington.edu"/> but other scriptures published until then, such as the [[Khitan Tripiṭaka]], were also consulted in order to identify items in need of revision and adjustment.<ref name="First" /> The first Tripiṭaka Koreana contained around 6,000 volumes.<ref name="First" />

The original set of woodblocks was destroyed by fire during the [[Mongol invasions of Korea]] in 1232, when Goryeo's capital was moved to [[Ganghwa Island]] during nearly three decades of Mongol incursions, although scattered parts of its prints still remain. To once again implore divine assistance with combating the Mongol threat, King [[Gojong of Goryeo|Gojong]] thereafter ordered the revision and re-creation of the ''Tripiṭaka''; the carving began in 1237 and was completed in 12 years,<ref name="UNESCO_PDF" /> with support from [[Ch'oe U]] and his son [[Ch'oe Hang (military official)|Ch'oe Hang]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Park|first1=Sang-jin|title=Under the Microscope: The Secrets of the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks|date=18 September 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=9781443867320|page=60|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRZQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60|access-date=30 July 2016|language=en}}</ref> and involving monks from both the [[Korean Buddhism#Seon|Seon and Gyo]] schools. This second version is usually what is meant by the ''Tripiṭaka Koreana''.<ref name="Buswell">{{cite book|last1=Buswell|first1=Robert E. Jr.|last2=Lopez|first2=Donald S. Jr.|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|date=24 November 2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400848058|pages=442–443|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA442|access-date=1 October 2016|language=en}}</ref> In 1398, it was moved to [[Haeinsa]], where it has remained housed in four buildings.

The production of the ''Tripiṭaka Koreana'' was an enormous national commitment of money and manpower, according to [[Robert Buswell Jr.]], perhaps comparable to the US 1960s [[Apollo program]] Moon landings.<ref name="Herald">{{cite web|last1=Bae|first1=Ji-sook|title=Scholar suggests name change for Tripitaka Koreana|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130903000773|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|publisher=Herald Corporation|access-date=30 September 2016|date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Thousands of scholars and craftsmen were employed in this massive project.<ref name="Buswell" />

==Evaluation and significance==
The ''Tripiṭaka Koreana'' is the 32nd [[National Treasure (South Korea)|National Treasure of South Korea]], and [[Haeinsa]], the depository for the ''Tripiṭaka Koreana'', has been designated as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]].<ref name="UNESCO 1">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=737 |title=Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=2008-04-14}}</ref> The UNESCO committee describes the ''Tripiṭaka Koreana'' as "one of the most important and most complete corpus of Buddhist doctrinal texts in the world".<ref name="UNESCO 2">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom95.htm#737 |title= CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE |author=WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE |publisher=[[UNESCO]]|date=4–9 December 1995|access-date=2008-04-14}}</ref> Not only is the work invaluable, it is also aesthetically valuable and shows a high quality of workmanship.<ref>Park Sang-jin : ''[http://www.koreana.or.kr/months/news_view.asp?b_idx=1746 „Printing Blocks Remain in Perfect Condition after 760 Years“]'' . Koreana - a Quarterly on Korean Art & Culture</ref> Currently, the Palman Daejanggyeong is one of the three woodblocks in the world that are registered on UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-05 |title='선을 넘는 녀석들' 전 세계 딱 3개! 유네스코에 등재된 목판 기록문화유산, 장판각의 '유교책판' |trans-title=Only 3 'Those Who Cross the Line' in the world! 'Confucian Books' of Jangpangak, a UNESCO-listed woodblock documentary cultural heritage |url=https://enews.imbc.com/News/RetrieveNewsInfo/273933 |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=[[iMBC]] 연예 |language=ko}}</ref>

The Tripiṭaka Koreana is stored in [[Haeinsa]] temple. While most of the wood blocks have remained in pristine condition for more than 750 years, a few were damaged when a new depository was built in the early 1970s (by the [[Park Chung Hee]] regime) and few blocks were transplanted to the new building on a trial basis. Those blocks were damaged almost immediately. They were subsequently moved back to their initial spots and the new building was shut down. That building is now the 'Zen Center'. Currently there are ongoing debates as to the quality of the current storage area.<ref name="condition" />

The historical value of the Tripiṭaka Koreana comes from the fact that it is the most complete and accurate extant collection of Buddhist treatises, laws, and scriptures.<ref name="UNESCO_PDF" /> It is a [[popular misconception]] that the ''Tripitaka Koreana'' does not contain a single error;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ch'oe |first1=Chun-sik |title=Buddhism: Religion in Korea |date=2007 |publisher=Ewha Womans University Press |isbn=978-89-7300-758-5 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3RBNkfwKRMC&q=error&pg=PA146 |language=en}}</ref> a survey found that the text does indeed have missing characters and errors.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kim Jong-myung |title=Korea and Globalization: Politics, Economics and Culture |date=2002 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7007-1512-1 |page=158 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aEw4erCrsaUC&dq=%22Tripitaka+Koreana%22+errors&pg=PA158 |language=en |chapter=The Tripiṭaka Koreana: Its Computerization and Significance for the Cultural Sciences in a Modern Globalized World}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yi |first1=Kyu-Gap |title=Koryô taejanggyông âi chônsanhwa wa ich'eja ch'ôri munje |journal=Tabo |date=Autumn 1994 |volume=11 |pages=76–81 |trans-title=The digitization of the Tripitaka Koreana and non-standard forms of familiar characters}}</ref> The compilers of the Korean version incorporated older Northern Song Chinese, [[Khitan people|Khitan]], and [[Goryeo]] versions, and added content written by respected Korean monks.<ref name="UNESCO_PDF" /><ref name="ocp.co.kr">{{Cite web|title=Tripitaka Koreana at Haeinsa Temple |url=http://www.ocp.go.kr/english/treasure/dom_hae.html |publisher=Cultural Properties Administration |access-date=2008-04-14 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506052257/http://www.ocp.go.kr/english/treasure/dom_hae.html |archive-date=6 May 2009 }}</ref> Contemporary scholars are able to conduct research about the older Chinese and Khitan versions of the Tripiṭaka using the Korean version. The quality of the wood blocks is attributed to the National Preceptor Sugi, the Buddhist monk in charge of the project,<ref name="UNESCO_PDF" /> who carefully checked the Korean version for errors.<ref name="ocp.co.kr" /> Upon completing the Tripiṭaka Koreana, Sugi published 30 volumes of ''Additional Records'' which recorded errors, redundancies, and omissions he found during his comparisons of the different versions of the Tripiṭaka.<ref name="First"/> Because of the relative completion of the Korea edition of the Chinese Buddhist Tripitaka, the Japanese Taisho edition of the Tripiṭaka was said also to have been based on the Korean edition.<ref name="UNESCO_PDF" /> Some of the Tripiṭaka Koreana's texts were even used in the Chinese edition of Zhonghua dazangjing which was based on the Jin edition which in turn was a sister edition sent to Korea.

The Tripiṭaka Koreana was one of the most coveted items among Japanese Buddhists in the [[Edo period]].<ref name="Herald" /> Japan never managed to create a woodblock Tripiṭaka, and made constant requests and attempts to acquire the Tripiṭaka Koreana from Korea since 1388.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Park|first1=Sang-jin|title=Under the Microscope: The Secrets of the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks|date=18 September 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=9781443867320|pages=6–12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRZQBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|access-date=30 September 2016|language=en}}</ref> 45 complete printings of the Tripiṭaka Koreana were gifted to Japan since the [[Muromachi period]].<ref name="Herald" /> The Tripiṭaka Koreana was used as the basis for the modern Japanese [[Taishō Tripiṭaka]].<ref name="Buswell" />

[[File:Korea-Haeinsa Tripitaka Koreana woodblock 2770-06a.jpg|thumb|right|Copy of a Tripiṭaka Koreana woodblock at Haeinsa complex grounds used to allow visitors to make an inked print of the [[Heart Sutra]] while at the temple. See: for [[:File:Prajnyaapaaramitaa Hridaya.png|image of woodblock print.]]]]
Each block was made of [[birch]] wood from the southern islands of Korea and treated to prevent the decay of the wood. The blocks were soaked in sea water for three years, then cut and boiled in salt water. Next, the blocks were placed in the shade and exposed to the wind for three years, at which point they were ready to be carved. After each block was carved, it was coated in a poisonous [[lacquer]] to keep insects away and then framed with metal to prevent warping.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mason|first1=David A.|title=Tripitaka Koreana: ural Treasure|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2010/03/293_61805.html|website=[[The Korea Times]]|access-date=30 September 2016|date=4 March 2010}}</ref>

Every block was inscribed with 23 lines of text with 14 characters per line. Therefore, each block, counting both sides, contained a total of 644 characters. The consistency of the style - and some external sources - led people to believe that a single man carved the entire collection, but it is now estimated that a team of 30 men carved the Tripiṭaka.<ref name="UNESCO_PDF" /><ref name="ocp.co.kr" />

==Modern edition==
The modern edition has 1514 texts in 47 volumes.
{|Class="wikitable"
!Volume
!Text
!Title
|-
|32
|1064
|Written by [[Huiyuan Yinyi]] (慧苑): ''Korean title'': Shin Yeok [[Avatamsaka Sutra|Dae Bang Gwang Bul Hwa Eom Gyeong Eum Ui]], ''Chinese title'': xin1 yi4 da4 fang1 guang3 fo2 hua1 yan2 jing1 yin1 yi4 (新譯大方廣佛華嚴經音義), ''English title'': ''Huiyuan's Dictionary''.
|-
|34
|1257
|Written by [[Ke Hong]] (可洪), a monk of the [[Later Jin (Five Dynasties)|Later Jin dynasty]] (後晉): ''Chinese title'': xin1 ji2 zang4 jing1 yin1 yi4 sui2 (新集藏經音義隨函錄)
|-
|35
|1258
|Written by [[Emperor Taizong of Song|Emperor Taizong]] (太宗) of the [[Northern Song dynasty]] (北宋) (976–997): ''Chinese title'': yu4 zhi4 lian2 hua1 xin1 lun2 hui2 wen2 ji4 song4 (御製蓮華心輪回文偈頌)
|-
|35
|1259
|Written by Emperor Taizong: ''Chinese title'': yu4 zhi4 mi4 zang4 quan2 (御製秘藏詮)
|-
|35
|1260
|Written by Emperor Taizong: ''Chinese title'': yu4 zhi4 xiao1 yao2 yong3 (御製逍遙詠)
|-
|35
|1261
|Written by Emperor Taizong: ''Chinese title'': yu4 zhi4 yuan2 shi4 (御製緣識)
|-
|38
|1402
|Collected by [[Sugi]] in the 38th Year of reign of King [[Gojong of Goryeo|Kojong]] (高宗) of the [[Goryeo|Goryeo dynasty]] (高麗) (1251): ''Chinese title'': gao1 li4 guo2 xin1 diao1 da4 zang4 jiao4 zheng4 bie2 lu4 (高麗國新雕大藏校正別錄)
|-
|39
|1405
|''Chinese title'': Da4 zang4 mu4 lu4 (大藏目錄)
|-
|45
|1500
|Collected by [[Yŏn Sŏnsa]] (連禪師) during the reign of King [[Gojong of Goryeo]] (1214–1259) and published with an appendix by [[Chŏn Kwangjae]] (全光宰) in Jinan<!--do not link this as it will direct to the wikipage for Jinan 济南 in China--> (晉安), [[Gyeongsang Province]] (慶尚道) in the 9th month of the 35th year of the reign of King Gojong (1248) of Goryeo: ''Chinese title'': nan2 ming2 quan2 he2 shang4 song4 zheng4 dao4 ge1 shi4 shi2 (南明泉和尚頌證道歌事實)
|-
|45
|1503
|Written by Qingxiu with the help of two disciples, Ching (靜) and Yun (筠) in the 10th year of the reign of Emperor [[Li Jing (Southern Tang)|Li Jing]] (保大) of the [[Southern Tang]] (南唐) (952): ''Chinese title'': zu3 tang2 ji2 (祖堂集)
|-
|45
|1504
|Collected by Chen Shi during the [[Ming dynasty]] (明) (1368–1644): ''Chinese title'': da4 zang4 yi1 lan3 ji2 (大藏一覽集)
|-
|46
|1505
|Written by [[Hyesim]] in the 13th year of the reign of Gojong of Goryeo (1226): ''Chinese title'': chan2 men2 nian1 song4 ji2 (禪門拈頌集)
|-
|47
|1507
|Written by [[Kyunyŏ]] (均如) (923–973), of Goryeo.  Chongi (天其) found this passage in [[Gap Temple]] (岬寺), in the spring of 1226: ''Chinese title'': shi2 ju4 zhang1 yuan2 tong1 ji4 (十句章圓通記)
|-
|47
|1508
|Written by [[Kyunyŏ]]: ''Korean title'': Sŏk hwa ŏm ji kwi jang wŏn t'ong ch'o, ''Chinese title'': shi4 hua1 yan2 zhi3 gui1 zhang1 yuan2 tong1 chao1 (釋華嚴旨歸章圓通鈔)
|-
|47
|1509
|Written by [[Kyunyŏ]]: ''Korean title'': Hwa ŏm gyŏng sam bo jang wŏn t'ong gi, ''Chinese title'': hua1 yan2 jing1 san1 bao3 zhang1 yuan2 tong1 ji4 (華嚴經三寶章圓通記)
|-
|47
|1510a
|Written by [[Kyunyŏ]] (均如): ''Korean title'': Sŏk hwa ŏm gyo pun gi wŏn t'ong ch'o, ''Chinese title'': shi4 hua1 yan2 jing1 jiao4 fen1 ji4 yuan2 tong1 chao1 (釋華嚴旨歸章圓通鈔)
|-
|47
|1510b
|Written by [[Hyŏngnyŏn Chŏng]] (赫連挺), the 1st month of the 29th year of the reign of [[Munjong of Goryeo]] (文宗, 1075). ''Chinese title'': (大華嚴首座圓通兩重大師均如傳幷序)
|-
|47
|1511
|Total of [[Wang Tzu-ch'eng]] of the [[Yuan dynasty]] (元) (1280–1368) with a foreword by [[Yi Sunbo]] (李純甫) written in 2nd year of the reign of King [[Gangjong of Goryeo|Kangjong]] (康宗) of the [[Goryeo|Goryeo dynasty]] (1213): ''Chinese title'': li3 nian4 mi2 tuo2 dao4 chang3 chan4 fa3 (禮念彌陀道場懺法)
|-
|47
|1514
|A Catalogue: ''Korean title'': Ko-ryŏ taejanggyŏng poyu mongnok, ''Chinese title'' gao1 li4 da4 zang4 jing1 bu3 yi2 mu4 lu4 (高麗大藏經補遺目錄)
|}

==See also==
*[[Woodblock printing in Korea]]
*[[Early Buddhist Texts]]
*[[Pali Canon]]
*[[Taishō Tripiṭaka]]
*[[Jingo-ji Tripiṭaka]]
*[[Tripiṭaka tablets at Kuthodaw Pagoda]]
*[[Gandhāran Buddhist texts]]
*[[Buddhist texts]]
*[[Buddhism in Korea]]
*[[National treasures of South Korea]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Cited works==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Keown |editor1-first=Damien |editor1-link=Damien Keown |editor2-last=Prebish |editor2-first=Charles S. |editor2-link=Charles S. Prebish |title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D1pcAgAAQBAJ&q=which+were+based+on+the+Chinese+Buddhist+Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka+completed+during+the+tenth+century |location=New York<!-- The title page lists an address that appears to be in Oxfordshire as well, but the Routledge logo says "London and New York". WTF? ~Hijiri88, May 2016. --> |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=2010<!-- First edition 2007. ~Hijiri88, May 2016. --> |isbn=978-0-203-49875-0}}
*{{Cite book|last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |title=Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190–1400 |year=2003 |publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford |isbn=1-84176-523-6}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100825193906/http://www.sutra.re.kr/ Tripitaka Koreana] (Site in Korean with electronic scans of the Tripiṭaka)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060206141217/http://www.buddhapia.com/buddhapi/news/campaign/haeinsa/e_p10.html The Korean Tripiṭaka]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090506052257/http://www.ocp.go.kr/english/treasure/dom_hae.html National Heritage]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110525150359/http://www.cha.go.kr/english/search_plaza/ECulresult_Db_View.jsp?VdkVgwKey=11,00320000,38&queryText= (Haeinsa) National Treasures    32]
*[https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=737 Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks], UNESCO World Heritage Convention

{{World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Korea}}
{{Buddhism topics}} 
{{Religious books}}
{{Goryeo topics}} 
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[[Category:National Treasures of South Korea]]
[[Category:Korean Buddhist texts|*]]
[[Category:Tripiṭaka]]
[[Category:Memory of the World Register in South Korea]]
[[Category:Chinese Buddhist texts|Korean]]
[[Category:Culture in Goryeo]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Goryeo]]
[[Category:Dictionaries]]
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