View source for Triple Frontier

{{Short description|Tri-border area of Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil}}
{{Distinguish|text=the [[Tres Fronteras]] between Brazil, Peru, and Colombia}}
{{For|the film|Triple Frontier (film)}}
{{Other uses|Tripoint}}

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The '''Triple Frontier''' ({{langx|es|Triple Frontera}}, {{langx|pt|Tríplice Fronteira}}) is a [[tri-border area]] along the junction of [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]] and [[Paraguay]], where the [[Iguazu River|Iguazú]] and [[Paraná River|Paraná]] rivers converge. Near the confluence are the cities of [[Puerto Iguazú]] (Argentina), [[Foz do Iguaçu]] (Brazil) and [[Ciudad del Este]] (Paraguay). This area is near [[Iguazú Falls]] and the [[Itaipu Dam|Itaipu hydroelectric plant]].

==Population==
The population in the Triple Frontier is concentrated in three border cities, with the majority of the region's population living on the Paraguayan side of the border. Of the three major border cities, the largest is [[Ciudad del Este]] in [[Paraguay]], which in 2018 had a population of 299,255. Meanwhile, the tourist-centric [[Brazil|Brazilian]] city [[Foz do Iguaçu]] has a population of approximately 258,248 (2020) and [[Puerto Iguazú]], [[Argentina]] is the smallest of the three cities, with a population of just 82,227.  

In the metropolitan region of the Paraguayan side, [[Presidente Franco District|Presidente Franco]] has a population in 2018 of 98,805; [[Hernandarias, Paraguay|Hernandarias]], 79,036; and [[Minga Guazú]], 86,755.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dgeec.gov.py/Publicaciones/Biblioteca/proyeccion%20nacional/Proyeccion%20Distrital.pdf|title=DGEEC|last=Dirección General de Estadística, Encuestas y Censos|date=2018-07-13}}</ref>  

All together, the population of the Triple Frontier adds up to about 950,000 people, making this region the tripoint with the highest population in the world. 

The [[Arab]] community and other [[Asian people|Asian]] immigrant communities, which make up an important part of the urban population in the Triple Frontier, are estimated to number approximately 30,000.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Silva, M. |first=Castro, I. |title=Além dos Limites: a Tríplice Fronteira nas Relações Internacionais |publisher=Alameda Editorial |year=2021 |isbn=978-65-5966-011-7 |location=São Paulo |language=Portuguese}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=January 2024}}
[[File:Triplefrontier.jpg|thumb|250px|View from the Argentine side of the border.]]

==Tourism==
The Triple Frontier is an important tourist area, within the touristic subregion of the [[Región de las Aguas Grandes]]. Visitors can see the [[Puente Internacional Tancredo Neves|Tancredo Neves bridge]], which connects the Argentine city of Puerto Iguazú and its Brazilian neighbor, Foz do Iguaçu. At the convergence of the borders, each of the three bordering countries has erected an [[obelisk]], painted in the national colors of the country in which it is located. All three countries can be seen from each of the obelisks.
[[File:Argentine Obelisk.jpg|alt=Argentine Obelisk|thumb|361x361px|Argentine Obelisk]]
[[File:Paraguay Obelisk.jpg|alt=Paraguay Obelisk|thumb|329x329px|Paraguay Obelisk]]
[[File:Signpost of triple frontier.jpg|alt=Signpost on Brazilian side noting the triple frontier|thumb|247x247px|Signpost on Brazilian side noting the triple frontier]]

The Guarani Aquifer is arguably the biggest reservoir of fresh, potable water in the world—right under Triple Border soil (Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay). The majority (71%) of its 1.2 million square kilometers lies in Brazil. {{citation needed|date=February 2012}}
[[File:Brazilian Obelisk.jpg|alt=Brazilian Obelisk|thumb|328x328px|Brazilian Obelisk]]

==Security==
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{Disputed section|date=May 2017}}
{{Update|section|date=July 2016|inaccurate=yes}}
}}

The [[George W. Bush administration]] cited "clear examples" of Islamic groups in the tri-border region in 2002 that "finance terrorist activities." Paraguayan authorities alleged [[Hezbollah]] and [[Hamas]] were operating in the Triple Frontier, among the local population of Arab origin. However, no evidence supporting this claim was ever publicised and local politicians pointed out that no individuals had ever been convicted of terrorist activities. Paraguayo Cubas, the former mayor of Ciudad del Este, compared the search for Islamist terrorists in the region following 2001 to the [[Red Scare|Red Scares]] of earlier decades.<ref name="Frontier in terror spotlight">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2248487.stm "Frontier in terror spotlight"], [[BBC News]]</ref>

The particular geography of the border region, rampant political corruption and weak judicial system{{which?|date=July 2025}} make it very difficult to monitor [[organized crime]] and the illicit activities connected with it.<ref>Cristiana Brafman Kittner, "The Role of Safe Havens in Islamist Terrorism", ''The Journal of Terrorism and Political Violence'', September 2007</ref> To U.S. officials and law enforcement familiar with the region, "Iranian-backed [[Hezbollah]] militia have been fostering a well-financed force of Islamist radicals in the region"{{why?|date=July 2025}}.<ref name=MSNBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17874369|title=Hezbollah builds a Western|website=[[NBC News]] |date=9 May 2007}}</ref>

A counter-terrorism expert{{who?|date=July 2025}} with [[the Pentagon]]'s National Security Study Group described the Tri-border in 2007 as "the most important base for Hezbollah outside [[Lebanon]] itself, home to a community of dangerous fanatics that send their money to financially support Hezbollah."<ref name=MSNBC/> Of the 25,000 Lebanese [[Arabs]] who live in the region, not all support terrorism, but many openly acknowledge they send money to Hezbollah and that [[Shiite]] mosques have "an obligation to finance it".<ref name=MSNBC/>

The Paraguayan authorities say{{when?|date=July 2025}} they have evidence that money is being sent to organizations with terrorist connections because of the amount of money leaving Paraguay for the Middle East, said Carlos Altemburger, Chief of the Department for the Prevention and Investigation of Terrorism in Paraguay.<ref name="Frontier in terror spotlight"/> In response to the situation, Paraguay approved the entry of 400 US soldiers "for joint military exercises, such as programs on fighting urban terrorists, public security and humanitarian assistance", according to ''[[The Washington Post]]''.<ref>[http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/2005/09/11/z-03615.htm "US Marines put a foot in Paraguay"], ''[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]'', September 9, 2005 {{in lang|es}}</ref> However, in October 2006 Paraguay decided not to renew a defense-cooperation agreement.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/03/AR2006100301627.html "Paraguay Hardens U.S. Military Stance"], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', October 10, 2006</ref>

Foz do Iguaçu tourist groups dispute the reports of terrorist activity in the region, as has the [[U.S. State Department]].<ref name=bbc/>

Since 1996, the Tripartite Command of the Triple Frontier, which coordinates monitoring tasks among the three bordering countries, has been operating from Foz do Iguaçu. The 3+1 Group was created between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and the United States (the "1"), in 2002 to further strengthen security in the region.<ref name=bbc>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fspanish%2Fspecials%2Fnewsid_4286000%2F4286701.stm&edit-text=|title=Radiography of the Triple Border|work=BBC|date=22 February 2005}}</ref> In 2005, the governments of the three nations stated they would set up a joint intelligence center in Foz do Iguaçu specifically to monitor the situation.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4798807.stm Agency to monitor tri-border area], [[BBC News]], August 17, 2005.</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[File:Tresfronteras.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Panorama from the [[Paraguay]]an side of the border.]]
* The Triple Frontier (or here referenced as the Tri-Border Area) is featured as the backdrop for the ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'' episode "[[List of NCIS episodes#ep40|An Eye for an Eye]]", as NCIS Special Agents [[Anthony DiNozzo]] and [[Caitlin Todd]] must travel down to this area of southern Paraguay in order to investigate a professor involved in a case in which a pair of blue eyeballs were mailed to a murder victim.
* ''[[The Mission (1986 film)]]'' is set in this region in the 1750s.
* The Triple Frontier is also featured as the location for ''[[The Unit]]'' episode "[[The Unit (season 2)#Episode list|The Kill Zone]]", where Unit operators must rescue a member of their counterpart team, Team Charlie, during a hostage situation.
* In the [[Vince Flynn]] novel ''Extreme Measures'', a terrorist group funded by al-Qaeda trains and plans to execute terrorist attacks on America while living in the Triple Frontier.
* In the 2006 film ''[[Miami Vice (2006)|Miami Vice]]'', [[James "Sonny" Crockett|Sonny Crockett]] and [[Rico Tubbs]] first meet with the drug cartel they are trying to infiltrate in the Tri-Border Area.
* Featured in the ''[[Human Target (2010 TV series)|Human Target]]'' episode "[[List of Human Target episodes|The Return of Baptiste]]", as the location where a kidnapped reporter is held by a crime lord. The accents and geography shown in the episode are inaccurate for this region.
* Included as a major setting of the location for the [[Sebastian Rotella]] novel ''Triple Crossing''.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn = 978-0316105309|title = Triple Crossing: A Novel|last1 = Rotella|first1 = Sebastian|date = 2011-08-10| publisher=Little, Brown |url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/triplecrossingno00rote}}</ref>
* Season 1, episode 7 ("Borderlines") of ''[[SEAL Team (TV series)|SEAL Team]]'' revolves around a mission to the Tri-Border Area.
* Season 2, Episode 11 (Day I Met the Devil) Magnum P.I.  Magnum is called up from the reserves for a top secret mission, but his friends are stunned when they learn that the mission is a lie and Magnum has been set up. (TV-14 L, V) Air Date: Dec 13, 2019
* The events of the 2023 Brazilian police drama Criminal Code is set in the Triple Frontier concerning cross border crime between Paraguay and Brazil<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt22459586/?ref_=fn_tt_tt_1 | title=DNA do Crime | website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana]] (UNILA)
*Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná ([[Western Paraná State University]] [Unioeste])
*[[Tripoint]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708171024/http://www.cnbc.com/id/21104899/ CNBC Trish-Regan's Diary From a Dangerous Place]
* [https://www.cnbc.com/2007/10/04/in-paraguay-piracy-bleeds-us-profits-aids-terrorists.html CNBC In Paraguay Piracy Bleeds US Profits Aids Terrorists]
* [http://pulitzercenter.org/video/clouds-over-igua%C3%A7u Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting] Clouds Over Iguaçu (Video)

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[[Category:Argentina–Brazil border]]
[[Category:Argentina–Paraguay border]]
[[Category:Brazil–Paraguay border]]
[[Category:Border tripoints]]
[[Category:Ciudad del Este]]
[[Category:Foz do Iguaçu]]
[[Category:Geography of Alto Paraná Department]]
[[Category:Geography of Misiones Province]]
[[Category:Geography of Paraná (state)]]
[[Category: Regions of South America]]