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{{Short description|Soviet rocket}}
{{About|the rocket|the Russian missile ship|Karakurt-class corvette|the Soviet satellite navigation system|Tsiklon (satellite navigation system)}}
{{infobox rocket
|name = Tsyklon
|function = [[Medium-lift launch vehicle]]
|manufacturer = [[Yuzhmash]]
|country-origin = [[Soviet Union]]
|height = {{cvt|39.7|m}}
|diameter = {{cvt|3|m}}
|mass = {{cvt|182|tonne|lb}}
|stages = 2
|capacities=
{{Infobox rocket/payload
|location = [[low Earth orbit]]
|mass = {{cvt|3000|kg}}
}}
|status = Retired
|sites = [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], LC-90
|launches = 8
|success = 7
|fail = 1
|first= 27 October 1967
|last= 25 January 1969
|payloads = [[IS-A]]/[[IS-P]]<br>[[RORSAT]]
|stagedata =
    {{Infobox rocket/Stage
    |type = stage
    |stageno = First
    |name = 8S671
    |engines = 1 [[RD-251]]
    |thrust = {{cvt|2640|kN}}
    |SI = {{cvt|301|isp}}
    |burntime = 120 seconds 
    |fuel = {{N2O4}} / [[UDMH]]
    }}
    {{Infobox rocket/Stage
    |type = stage
    |stageno = Second
    |name = 8S672
    |engines = 1 [[RD-252]]
    |thrust = {{cvt|940|kN}}
    |alt-thrust = 211,410 lb<sub>f</sub>
    |SI = {{cvt|317|isp}}
    |burntime = 160 seconds 
    |fuel = {{N2O4}} / [[UDMH]]
    }}
}}
The '''Tsyklon''' ({{Langx|uk|Циклон|4=[[Cyclone]]}}, also known as '''Tsiklon'''), [[GRAU]] index 11K67, was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-designed [[expendable launch system]], primarily used to put [[Kosmos (satellite)|Kosmos]] [[satellite]]s into [[low Earth orbit]] in the late-1960s. It is based on the [[R-36 (missile)|R-36]] [[intercontinental ballistic missile]] designed by [[Mikhail Yangel]] and made eight launches, with seven successes and one failure. All of its launches were conducted from LC-90 at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]]. It is sometimes designated '''Tsyklon-2A''', not to be confused with the later [[Tsyklon-2]] rocket. It was introduced in 1967 and was derived from the [[R-36 (missile)|R-36]] ICBM. It was retired in 1969.

It made its maiden flight on 27 October 1967. The booster's design was kept secret and no images or film clips of the complete vehicle were released to the public until after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in part because of being used exclusively for military payloads and also because it was derived from an actively serving missile system. After 1991, the plant where the R-36/Tsyklon were manufactured ended up in newly independent Ukraine.

Tsyklon was designed by the [[Yuzhnoye Design Bureau]] and manufactured by [[Yuzhmash]] (both in [[Dnipropetrovsk]], [[Ukraine]]). Control system was designed at [[Khartron|NPO "Electropribor"]]<ref>[http://web.mit.edu/slava/space/essays/essay-krivonosov.htm Krivonosov, Khartron: Computers for rocket guidance systems]</ref> ([[Kharkiv]], [[Ukraine]]). The last flown derivative, the [[Tsyklon-3]] was retired in January 2009.<ref name="NSF-T3-retired"/> Another derivative, the [[Tsyklon-4]], continued to be developed after the retirement of Tsyklon-3, but the Tsyklon-4 project was cancelled in 2015 due to financial concerns. Tsyklon-4 never reached launch pad. However, yet another derivative, the [[Cyclone-4M]], a development of Tsyklon-4, continued to be developed and is still currently (2021) under development.

==Derivatives==
[[Image:Cyclone-3_rocket_launching_Meteor-3_satellite.png|thumb|220px|Tsyklon-3 rocket launching a [[Meteor (satellite)|Meteor-3]] weather observation satellite (Plesetsk, Aug. 15, 1991)|left]]
Two rockets were derived from the Tsyklon: the [[Tsyklon-2]] and [[Tsyklon-3]], known respectively as the SL-11 and SL-14 by the United States [[United States Department of Defense|DoD]].<ref name="DOD-SL-designations">{{cite web|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_SL|title=Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles|last=Parsch|first=Andreas|last2=Martynov|first2=Aleksey V.|date=2008-07-02|publisher=www.designation-systems.net|access-date=2009-03-22}}</ref>

===Tsyklon-2===
{{Main|Tsyklon-2}}
The two stage Tsyklon-2 was first launched 6 August 1977 from the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in [[Kazakhstan]].  The Tsyklon-2 was {{convert|39.7|m|ft}} long with a fueled mass of 182 tonnes.  The Tsyklon-2 made its final flight in 2006.<ref name="NSF-T3-retired">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/01/russian-tsyklon-3-bows-out-with-coronas-launch/|title=Russian Tsyklon-3 bows out with CORONAS launch|last=Barbosa|first=Rui C.|date=2009-01-30|publisher=NASASpaceflight.com|access-date=2009-01-30}}</ref>

===Tsyklon-3===
{{Main|Tsyklon-3}}
The Tsyklon-3, which featured a restartable third stage, first launched on 24 June 1977 from the [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome]]. The Tsyklon-3 is {{convert|39.27|m|ft}} long with a fueled mass of 186 to 190 tonnes. It was partially the result of an effort to reduce the number of Soviet launch vehicles in use, replacing the small R-12 derived Kosmos booster and some R-7 variants.

On 27 December 2000, a Tsyklon-3 failed in its attempt to carry six Russian satellites into orbit, plummeting to the earth. An electrical failure in the rocket's third stage was the suspected cause.

The Tsyklon-3 was retired after launching the [[Koronas-Foton]] satellite on 30 January 2009.<ref name="NSF-T3-retired"/>

===Tsyklon-4===
{{Main|Tsyklon-4|Cyclone-4M}}
The [[Tsyklon-4]] was under development as an evolution of the Tsyklon-3, but was eventually abandoned due to economic and market concerns. A derivative, the [[Cyclone-4M]], is under development {{as of|2019|lc=y}} for Canadian service provider [[Maritime Launch Services]]; however the [[Cyclone-4M]] does not share any booster stage derived from the original Tsyklon series.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zak |first1=Anatoly |title=Tsyklon-4M (Cyclone-4M) prepares a move to Canada |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/tsyklon4m.html |website=RussianSpaceWeb.com |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref>

== Launches ==
{{Main|List of Tsyklon launches}}

==See also==
* [[Comparison of orbital launchers families]]

==External links==
* [http://www.yuzhnoye.com/ Yuzhnoye Design Office]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514124050/http://www.alcantaracyclonespace.com/ Alcântara Cyclone Space]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rocket families}}
{{Ukrainian launch vehicles}}
{{Russian launch vehicles}}
{{Expendable launch systems}}

[[Category:1973 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:1974 in spaceflight]]
[[Category:Yuzhmash space launch vehicles]]
[[Category:Space launch vehicles of the Soviet Union]]