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{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Tudela
| settlement_type         = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| official_name           = <!-- if different from name -->
| image_skyline           = Tudela panorámica (7796714018) (cropped).jpg
| image_alt               =
| image_flag              = Bandera Tudela.svg
| image_shield            = Coat of Arms of Tudela.svg
| shield_size             = 70px
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               =
| map_caption             =
| pushpin_map             = Spain Navarre#Spain
| pushpin_relief          = 1
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Navarre]]
| seat_type               = <!-- [[Capital (political)|Capital]] -->
| seat                    =
| coordinates             = {{coord|42|03|55|N|1|36|24|W|region:ES_type:city|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| elevation_m             = 264
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 215.7
| established_title       = <!-- Founded -->
| established_date        =
| population_as_of        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total        = {{Spain metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_demonym      =Tudelanos
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 31500
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Dialing code]]
| area_code               =
| leader_title            = [[Alcalde|Mayor]]
| leader_name             = Alejandro Toquero Gil ([[Navarra Suma]])
| leader_party            = 
| website                 = {{url|www.tudela.es}}
}}

'''Tudela''' ([[Basque language|Basque]]: ''Tutera'') is a  [[municipality]] in [[Spain]], the second largest city of the [[autonomous community]] of [[Navarre]] and twice a former Latin [[bishopric]]. Its population is around 35,000. The city is sited in the [[Ebro]] valley. Fast trains running on two-track electrified railways serve the city and two freeways (AP 68 and AP 15) join close to it. Tudela is the capital of the agricultural region of ''Ribera Navarra'', and also the seat of the courts of its judicial district.

The city hosts an annual festival in honor of [[Saint Anne|Santa Ana]] (mother of the [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]]) which begins on 24 July at noon and continues for approximately a week. Street music, bullfights and the [[running of the bulls]] are typical events of the festival.

== History ==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2016}}
[[Image:24julio005 012.jpg|thumb|Fiestas in the Plaza Nueva or Plaza de los Fueros, July 2017, by [https://www.navarrainformacion.es/2017/07/24/chupinazo-la-atleta-estela-navascues-marca-las-fiestas-santa-ana-tudela/ Navarra Información website]|left]]
Archeological excavations have shown that the area of Tudela has been populated since the [[Lower Paleolithic]] era. The town of Tudela was founded by the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] on [[Celt-Iberian]] settlements. Since then the town has been inhabited continuously. The Roman poet [[Marcus Valerius Martialis]] (Epigrams Book IV, 55) "recalls in grateful verse" the town of Tutela compared to his native [[Bilbilis (Augusta Bilbilis)|Bilbilis]]. The city was later taken by the Arabs during the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania]] and became the [[Muslim]] emirate of [[Al-Hakam I]] in 802 under [[Amrus ibn Yusuf]] al-[[Muwalad]].

At the beginning of the 9th century, the strategic importance of Tudela as a site on the river [[Ebro]] was enhanced by historical and political circumstances. It became the base of the Muwallad [[Banu Qasi]] family, local magnates converted to Islam that managed to stay independent of the [[emir]]s, establishing an on-off alliance and close ties with the Kings of [[Pamplona]] over the next century. With the power of the Banu Qasi fading at the onset of the 10th century, the town fell under the influence of the rising [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] and had to come up against a more aggressive policy on the part of the new dynasty ruling in Pamplona, the [[Jiménez dynasty|Ximenes]], who had set up close ties with their neighbouring Christian kingdoms.

The town was used by Muslims as a bridgehead to fight against the expanding [[Kingdom of Navarre]]. When Christians under [[Alfonso the Battler]] conquered Tudela in 1119, three different religious communities were living there: 
* the Muslims, 
* the [[Mozarab]]s
* the [[History of the Jews in Spain|Jews]] (see [[Jewish Tudela|Jews in Tudela]])

In the aftermath of the conquest, community relations appear to have been strained and Muslims were forced to live in a suburb outside the town walls, whereas Jews continued to reside inside the walls. The co-existence of different cultures is reflected in Tudela's reputation for producing important medieval writers such as [[Al-Tutili]]. In 1157 the English scholar [[Robert of Ketton]], first translator of the [[Koran]] to a Western tongue (Latin), became a [[canon (priest)|canon]] of Tudela.

The Jews were banished in 1498 (the expulsion from Navarre occurring slightly later than in the Iberian kingdoms. Muslims and [[Morisco]]s were expelled in 1516 and 1610 respectively. There are still examples of Islamic-influenced architecture in the city - the style the Spanish call [[Mudéjar]]; but the principal [[mosque]] was handed over to the Catholic Church in 1121, and by the end of the 12th century construction of the (future) [[cathedral]] of [[Our Lady of Solitude]] had begun.

Later Tudela became an important defensive point for the [[Kingdom of Navarre]] in battles with [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of Aragon|Aragon]]. Tudela was an Agramont party stronghold and actually the last Navarrese one to surrender to [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]'s Aragonese troops in the initial [[Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre|1512 Spanish invasion of Navarre]], only doing so to avoid futile bloodshed, Spanish pillaging and further confiscations to town dwellers, after the Navarrese king failed to send a relief force.

At the end of the 17th century, a new public square was built, called ''Plaza Nueva'' or ''Plaza de los Fueros'', which became the main [[city square]]. In 1783 the [[Diocese of Tudela]] was created, split off from Pamplona.

On 23 November 1808, [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s Marshal [[Jean Lannes|Lannes]] won the [[Battle of Tudela]] in the [[Peninsular War]]. The train station was built in 1861, which, together with the agricultural revolution, resulted in a new period of expansion for the city. The bishopric was merged back into 'Pamplona-Tudela' in 1851, restored in 1889 and ultimately suppressed in 1984.

== Main sites ==
[[File:Puerta juicio224.jpg|thumb|''Cathedral - Puerta del Juicio'']]
[[File:TorreMonreal(Tudela)07-04-2007.JPG|thumb|[[Torre Monreal|Monreal Tower]]]]
* [[Tudela Cathedral|The Cathedral of Our Lady of Solitude]] (12th-13th centuries). It includes examples of [[Romanesque architecture]], such as the ''Puerta del Juicio'', or Door of the [[Last Judgement|(Last) Judgement]], some [[gothic architecture|Gothic]] influences and [[Baroque]] additions to the building.
* [[Church of Magdalene, Tudela|Church of Magdalene]] (12th century), in [[Romanesque style]]
* Church of ''San Nicolás ''(12th century)
* Church of ''San Jorge '' (17th century), in Baroque style

== Gastronomy ==
The ''Casa Salinas'' [[bakery]] in Tudela, known for its excellent [[mantecadas]], closed in January 2011 after 138 years in business.<ref>[http://www.diariodenavarra.es/20081227/tudela/cierra-casa-salinas-pasteleria-antigua-tudela-138-anos-historia.html?not=2008122701365883&dia=20081227&seccion=tudela&seccion2=tudela Cierra Casa Salinas, la pastelería más antigua de Tudela con 138 años de historia], diariodenavarra.es; accessed 23 November 2016.</ref> Another traditional dessert is [[manjar blanco]].<ref>[http://www.turismo.navarra.es/eng/NR/rdonlyres/1EEE3942-0905-40E3-8CEE-79B22E757187/5237/TudelaING608_09DEF.pdf Eating and drinking in Tudela], turismo.navarra.es; accessed 23 November 2016.</ref>

The Days of Exaltation and Festivals of the Vegetable are celebrated in the Navarra de Tudela locality during ten days, generally in the first fortnight of May or from the end of April. Although the central acts are developed in those ten days, before and after there are acts related to the days. In 2019 they will be from April 12 to May 5.
Its origin is in the "Week of the Vegetable" that began to be organized in the 80s. In the current format it has been developed since 1994 (this year the twentieth edition is celebrated). They were declared Fiestas of National Tourist Interest in the year 2011.
There are hundreds of events that take place before, during and after the Days of Exaltation and Festivals of the Vegetable since Tudela and its fertile orchard allow to enjoy different seasonal products.
From the firing of the announcing rocket until the last day of celebration are hundreds of acts that can be enjoyed: from gastronomic routes with pinchos and menus where the vegetable is the protagonist until popular dinners, contests of stews with vegetables, workshops, talks and even a tweeter encounter called "vegetables & tweets".
The main events are the weekend with the "General Chapter of the Order of Volatín" which includes the proclamation of the festivities, the appointment of the Knight of Honor and the Prize Exaltation of the Vegetable.

All these acts are completed with the Great Concert of the Days of the Vegetables where a renowned musical group animates the Saturday night.

== Education ==
* Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia
* [[Universidad Pública de Navarra]]
* IES Benjamín de Tudela
* IES Valle del Ebro
* Colegio San Francisco Javier
* CP Virgen de la Cabeza
* CP Monte de San Julián
* CP Elvira España
* CP Griseras
* Colegio Anunciata
* Colegio Compañía de María
* Escuela Técnico Industrial ETI

==Transport==
The town is served by the [[Tudela de Navarra railway station]] on the [[Casetas–Bilbao railway]].

== Notable locals ==
* [[Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia|Abraham Abulafia]], founder of the school of Prophetic Kabbalah. He lived his childhood and some of his youth in Tudela
* [[Abraham ibn Ezra]], distinguished [[Jewish]] scholar
* [[Yehuda Halevi]], [[Jewish]] poet and philosopher
* [[Benjamin of Tudela]], [[Jewish]] explorer and figure in medieval geography
* [[Shem-Tob ben Isaac Shaprut of Tudela|Shem-Tob ibn Shaprut]], [[Jewish]] philosopher, physician, and polemicist
* [[Robert d'Aguiló]] (c.1100–c.1159), governor of Tudela
* [[Robert of Ketton]] (c.1110–c.1160), canon of Tudela and [[Arabist]]
* [[Berengaria of Navarre]], wife of [[Richard the Lionheart]]
* [[Michael Servetus|Michael de Villanueva]], known by the pseudonym ''Servetus'', Christian reformer, physician, astronomer, and humanist<ref>González Ancín, Miguel & Towns, Otis. (2017) [https://ssrn.com/abstract=3093969 ''Miguel Servet en España (1506-1527). Edición ampliada''] {{ISBN|978-84-697-8054-1}}. pp. 29-65, 259-264.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://michaelservetusresearch.com/index.html |title=Michael Servetus Research : Introduction |website=Michaelservetusresearch.com |access-date=2016-11-23}}</ref>
* [[William of Tudela]], writer
* [[José Castel]] (1737–1807), composer of [[zarzuelas]]
* [[Fernando Remacha]] (1898–1984), composer
* [[Rafael Moneo]] (b. 1937), architect
* [[Ismael Urzaiz]] (b. 1971), Spanish footballer

== Twin towns ==
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mauleon-Soule]], France, since 1965
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Tiberias]], Israel, since 1984
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mont-de-Marsan]], France, since 1986

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources and external links==
*{{JewishEncyclopedia|title=Tudela|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=357&letter=T}}
{{commons category|Tudela}}
* [http://www.tudela.com/ Ayuntamiento de Tudela] (Spanish)
* [http://www.lebrelblanco.com/anexos/a0260.htm Medieval History of Navarre] Spanish)
* [http://www.ciudadtudela.com City of Tudela] (Spanish)
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/pamp0.htm GCatholic - Tudela diocese]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/spain/1773.htm GCatholic - Tudela cathedral]
* [http://www.fiestasdetudela.com Town Festivals] (Spanish)
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&op=7&voz=TUDELA Tudela], euskomedia.org; accessed 23 November 2016.{{in lang|es}}

{{Municipalities in Navarre}}

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[[Category:Municipalities in Navarre]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Spain]]