View source for Tulcea County

{{Short description|County of Romania}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name                            = Tulcea County
| native_name                     = Județul Tulcea
| native_name_lang                = ro
| settlement_type                 = [[Counties of Romania|County]]
| image_skyline                   = Jud.Tulcea.jpg
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = 
| image_flag                      = 
| flag_alt                        = 
| image_seal                      = 
| seal_alt                        = 
| image_shield                    = Actual_Tulcea_county_CoA.svg
| shield_alt                      = 
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = 
| image_map                       = Tulcea_in_Romania.svg
| map_alt                         = Administrative map of [[Romania]] with Tulcea county highlighted
| map_caption                     = 
| pushpin_map                     = 
| pushpin_map_alt                 = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = 
| coordinates                     = {{coord|44.98|28.77|type:adm1st_region:RO|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint                   = 
| coordinates_footnotes           = 
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = [[Romania]]
| subdivision_type1               = Development region
| subdivision_name1               = [[Sud-Est (development region)|Sud-Est]]
| subdivision_type2               = Historical region
| subdivision_name2               = [[Dobruja]]
| established_title               = 
| established_date                = 
| founder                         = 
| seat_type                       = Capital
| seat                            = [[Tulcea]]
| government_footnotes            = 
| leader_party                    = [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|PSD]]
| leader_title                    = President of the County Board
| leader_name                     = {{ill|Horia Teodorescu|ro}}
| leader_title1                   = Prefect
| leader_name1                    = {{ill|Alexandru Dan Munteanu|ro}}
| unit_pref                       = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 8,484
| area_land_km2                   = 
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_note                       = 
| area_rank                       = [[List of Romanian counties by area|4th]]
| elevation_footnotes             = 
| elevation_m                     = 
|population_total       = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population_as_of       = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population_footnotes   = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_demonym              = 
| population_note                 = 
| population_rank                 = [[List of Romanian counties by population|40th]]
| timezone1                       = 
| utc_offset1                     = 
| timezone1_DST                   = 
| utc_offset1_DST                 = 
| postal_code_type                = 
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code_type                  = [[Telephone numbers in Romania|Telephone code]]
| area_code                       = (+40) 240 or (+40) 340<ref>The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.</ref>
| iso_code                        = RO-TL
| website                         = [http://www.cjtulcea.ro/ County Council]<br />[https://tl.prefectura.mai.gov.ro/ County Prefecture]
| footnotes                       = 
| blank1_name                     = GDP (nominal)
| blank1_info                     = US$ 1.378&nbsp;billion (''2015'')
| blank2_name                     = GDP [[per capita]]
| blank2_info                     = US$ 6,838 (''2015'')
}}

[[Image:Harta-judetului-Tulcea.jpg|260px|right|thumb|Map of Tulcea County.]]

'''Tulcea County''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈtult͡ʃe̯a}}) is a county ([[județ]]) of [[Romania]], in the historical region [[Dobruja]], with the capital city at [[Tulcea]]. It includes in its northeast corner [[Danube Delta|the large and thinly-populated delta]] of the [[Danube]].

== Demographics ==

In 2021, Tulcea County had a population of 193,355. The [[population density]] was 22.8/km<sup>2</sup>, the lowest among the [[counties of Romania]], due to the inclusion within the area of the lowly-populated Danube estuarial wetlands.

* [[Romanians]] - 79.18%<ref>National Institute of Statistics, ''[https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive/ Rezultate definitive]''</ref>
* [[Lipovans]] - 4.14%
* [[Romani people|Roma]] - 2.05%
* [[Turkish people|Turks]] - 0.51%
* [[Ukrainian people|Ukrainians]] - 0.47%
* [[Greek people|Greeks]] - 0.14%
* [[Tatar people|Tatars]] - 0.05%
* [[Bulgarian people|Bulgarians]] - 0.02%

In the [[Danube Delta]] there is an important community of [[Russians]] and [[Lipovan]]s. In the south of the county there are communities of [[Turkish people|Turks]]. The region once was a centre of [[Islam in Romania]].

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, ''[http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"]''</ref>
|- 
! 1948
| 192,228 {{steady}}
|- 
! 1956
| 223,719 {{increase}}
|- 
! 1966
| 236,709 {{increase}}
|- 
! 1977
| 254,531 {{increase}}
|- 
! 1992
| 270,197 {{increase}}
|- 
! 2002
| 256,492 {{decrease}}
|- 
! 2011
| 201,462 {{decrease}}
|-
! [[2021 Romanian census|2021]]
| 193,355 {{decrease}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Ethnicity
! 2002<ref>[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|National Institute of Statistics]], [http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol4/tabele/t1.pdf 2002 census: Ethnic structure per county]</ref>
! 2011<ref name="INSSER2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Tabel-2.01.xls|title=Ethnic population at the censuses in the period 1930–2021|access-date=24 April 2024|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]]|language=ro}}</ref>
! 2021<ref name="INSSER2021"/>
|-
| Total
| 256,492
| 213,083
| 193,355
|-
| [[Romanian people|Romanian]]
| 230,843 (90%)
| 180,496 (84.71%)
| 153,094 (79.18%)
|-
| [[Lipovans|Lipovan]]
| 16,350 (6.4%)
| 10,342 (4.85%)
| 8,010 (4.14%)
|-
| [[Romani people|Roma]]
| 2,272 (0.88%)
| 3,423 (1.61%)
| 3,963 (2.05%)
|-
| [[Turkish people|Turks]]
| 3,334 (1.3%)
| 1,674 (0.78%)
| 993 (0.51%)
|-
| [[Ukrainian people|Ukrainian]]
| 1,279 (0.5%)
| 1,083 (0.51%)
| 900 (0.47%)
|-
| [[Greek people|Greek]]
| 1,680 (0.64%)
| 1,181 (0.55%)
| 266 (0.14%)
|-
| [[Tatar people|Tatar]]
| 179 (0.07%)
| 119 (0.06%)
| 106 (0.05%)
|-
| [[Bulgarian people|Bulgarian]]
| 61 (0.02%)
| 23 (0.01%)
| 34 (0.02%)
|-
| Others
| 494 (0.19%)
| 14,742 (6.92%)
| 25,989 (13.44%)
|}

==Geography==
The county has a total area of {{convert|8484|km2|0|abbr=on}}.

[[File:The Palace 02.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The Palace of the [[Commissions of the Danube River|Danube Commission]] in [[Sulina]], Tulcea County, Romania, from 1868 to 1921]]

[[File:Isacceanoviodumun01.JPG|thumb|200px|Ruins of the [[Noviodunum (castra)|Noviodunum fortress]]]]

The most significant feature of Tulcea County is the [[Danube Delta]], which occupies about one third of the entire surface and is located in the north-east side of the county. The Delta has three main branches: the [[Sulina branch]] (the only one navigable by large ships) in the middle, the [[Chilia branch]] in the north (along the border with [[Ukraine]]) and the [[Sfântu Gheorghe branch]] in the south.

In the south-east of the county there are two lagoons: [[Lake Razelm]] and [[Lake Sinoe]]. In the Danube Delta and in the south—in the area between the Sfântu Gheorghe Channel and Lake Razelm—there are countless channels and small lakes. The entire area is included in the [[UNESCO]] list of [[World Heritage Sites]] and [[Biosphere reserve]]s.

The [[Danube River]] flows around the county in the west and north side. In the west, there is the Măcin Branch which flows on the east side of the [[Great Brăila Island]]. From [[Smârdan, Tulcea|Smârdan]] (on the opposite side from [[Brăila]]) to [[Ceatalchioi|Pătlăgeanca]] (close to [[Tulcea]]), the Danube has only one large flow of water, around which there is an immense number of lakes and small channels.

In the center of the county, there is the Casincea Plateau and the [[Măcin Mountains]]—the remains of a prehistorical mountains range (more than 400 million years old), with the greatest height at about 400 m.

===Neighbours===

{{Romanian counties map|width=250px}}
* [[Black Sea]] in the east.
* [[Brăila County]] in the west.
* [[Galați County]] in the north-west
* [[Ukraine]] in the North — the [[Odesa Oblast]].
* [[Constanța County]] in the south.

==Economy==
Agriculture and fishing are the main occupations, involving about 48% of the population. Industry is concentrated in the large towns only.

The predominant industries in the county are:
* Food industry;
* Textile industry;
* Ship building industry;
* Metallurgy — [[aluminium]];
* Chemical industry;
* Construction materials.

==Tourism==
Tourism is an important activity in the county, the [[Danube Delta]] being one of the most visited areas in [[Romania]].

The main destinations for tourists are:
* The [[Danube Delta]]
** The town of [[Sulina]]—the lowest town [[Downstream (hydrology)|downstream]] of the [[Danube]].
** The areas around [[Sfântu Gheorghe, Tulcea|Sfântu Gheorghe]], [[Mahmudia]], [[Crișan, Tulcea|Crișan]], Caraorman, [[Chilia Veche]].
* The city of [[Tulcea]].
* The Roman fort of [[Halmyris]].

== Politics ==

The Tulcea County Council, renewed at the [[2024 Romanian local elections|2024 local elections]], consists of 30 counsellors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{Cite web|language=ro|url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/data/json/sicpv/pv/pv_vs_final.json|format=Json|title=Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020|publisher=Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă|accessdate=2020-11-02}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="13" | Current County Council
|-
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''13'''
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}
&nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}  &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''11'''
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}} &nbsp;
| [[Alliance for the Union of Romanians]] (AUR)
| style="text-align: right" | '''6'''
| {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}} 
&nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}} 
&nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}} 
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}
[[2020 Romanian local elections|2020 local elections]]
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats
! colspan="13" style="background:#ccc" | Current County Council
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''13'''
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''12'''
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|PRO Romania}} &nbsp;
| [[PRO Romania]] (PRO)
| style="text-align: right" | '''3'''
| {{party color cell|PRO Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|PRO Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|PRO Romania}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| [[People's Movement Party]] (PMP)
| style="text-align: right" | '''2'''
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}

== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:Tulcea_harbour_01.jpg|thumb|[[Tulcea]] harbour]]
[[File:Macin_Monumentul_Eroilor.jpg|thumb|[[Măcin]]]]Tulcea County has 1 municipality, 4 towns and 46 communes.
;Municipalities
* [[Tulcea]] — capital city; population: 65,624 (as of 2021)
;Towns
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
* [[Babadag]]
* [[Isaccea]]
* [[Măcin]]
* [[Sulina]]
}}
;Communes
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
* [[Baia, Tulcea|Baia]]
* [[Baidaud]]
* [[Beștepe, Tulcea|Beștepe]]
* [[C. A. Rosetti, Tulcea|C. A. Rosetti]]
* [[Carcaliu]]
* [[Casimcea]]
* [[Ceamurlia de Jos]]
* [[Ceatalchioi]]
* [[Cerna, Tulcea|Cerna]]
* [[Chilia Veche]]
* [[Ciucurova]]
* [[Crișan, Tulcea|Crișan]]
* [[Dăeni]]
* [[Dorobanțu, Tulcea|Dorobanțu]]
* [[Frecăței, Tulcea|Frecăței]]
* [[Greci, Tulcea|Greci]]
* [[Grindu, Tulcea|Grindu]]
* [[Hamcearca]]
* [[Horia, Tulcea|Horia]]
* [[I. C. Brătianu, Tulcea|I. C. Brătianu]] (Zaclău, 23 August)
* [[Izvoarele, Tulcea|Izvoarele]]
* [[Jijila]]
* [[Jurilovca]] (Unirea)
* [[Luncavița, Tulcea|Luncavița]]
* [[Mahmudia]]
* [[Maliuc]]
* [[Mihai Bravu, Tulcea|Mihai Bravu]]
* [[Mihail Kogălniceanu, Tulcea|Mihai Kogălniceanu]]
* [[Murighiol]] (Independența)
* [[Nalbant]]
* [[Niculițel]]
* [[Nufăru]]
* [[Ostrov, Tulcea|Ostrov]]
* [[Pardina, Tulcea|Pardina]] (1 Mai)
* [[Peceneaga]]
* [[Sarichioi]]
* [[Sfântu Gheorghe, Tulcea|Sfântu Gheorghe]]
* [[Slava Cercheză]]
* [[Smărdan]]
* [[Somova]]
* [[Stejaru, Tulcea|Stejaru]]
* [[Topolog, Tulcea|Topolog]]
* [[Turcoaia]]
* [[Valea Nucarilor]]
* [[Valea Teilor]]
* [[Văcăreni]]
}}

==Historical county==
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Județul Tulcea
| other_name         = 
| settlement_type    = County (''Județ'')
| image_skyline      = Palatul Pasei de Tulcea - Muzeul de Arta.jpg
| image_caption      = The Tulcea prefecture building from the interwar period, now the [[Tulcea Art Museum]].
| image_flag         = 
| flag_link          = 
| image_shield       = Interbelic Tulcea County CoA.png
| shield_link        = 
| image_map          = Romania 1930 county Tulcea.png
| map_caption        = 
| subdivision_type   = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[Image:Flag of Romania.svg|25px]] [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]]
| subdivision_type2  = Historic region
| subdivision_name2  = [[Dobrogea]]
| subdivision_type3  = Capital city (''reședință de județ'')
| subdivision_name3  = [[Tulcea]]
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title       = [[Prefect (Romania)|Prefect]]
| leader_name        = 
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 
| established_title2 = Ceased to exist
| established_date2  = 
| area_total_km2     = 8628
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| population_as_of   = 1930
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 184038
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note    = 
| timezone           = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset         = +2
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +3
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| area_code          = 
| footnotes          = 
| website            = 
}}

Historically, the county was located in the southeastern part of [[Greater Romania]], in the region of north [[Dobruja]]. The borders of the historic county coincide with those of the present county. It bordered on the west with [[Brăila County]], northwest with [[Covurlui County]], to the north with [[Ismail County]], to the south by [[Constanța County]], and to the east and south-east with the [[Black Sea]].

===Administration===
[[File:1938 map of interwar county Tulcea.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Map of Tulcea County as constituted in 1938.]]
The county was originally divided administratively into four districts (''[[plasă|plăși]]''):<ref name=Memoria>[http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/tulcea/ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Tulcea]</ref>
#Plasa Babadag, headquartered at [[Babadag]]
#Plasa Gurile Dunării, headquartered at [[Tulcea]]
#Plasa Măcin, headquartered at [[Măcin]]
#Plasa Topolog, headquartered at [[Topolog, Tulcea|Topolog]]

As in the present day there were five towns (cities): [[Tulcea]] (county headquarters), [[Babadag]], [[Măcin]], [[Isaccea]] and [[Sulina]].

=== Population ===
[[File:Ethnic map of Tulcea County 1930.png|thumb|right|350px|Map of Tulcea County's ethnic groups as reported in the 1930 census.]]
According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 184,038 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 62.6% Romanians, 12.2% Russians, 10.6% Bulgarians, 2.5% Turks, 1.7% Greeks, 1.3% Germans, as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_480>Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 480</ref> From the religious point of view, the population was 85.8% Eastern Orthodox, 8.3% [[Lipovan Orthodox Old-Rite Church|Old-Rite Lipovan Orthodox]], 2.8% Muslim, 1.5% Roman Catholic, 0.6% Lutheran, as well as other minorities.

==== Urban population ====
In 1930, the county's urban population was 41,632 inhabitants, comprising 64.7% Romanians, 12.8% Russians, 5.5% Turks, 4.4% Greeks, 3.3% Bulgarians, 2.5% Jews, 0.8% Germans, as well as other minorities. Mother tongues among the urban population were Romanian (69.4%), followed by Russian (15.0%), Turkish (5.5%), Greek (3.9%), Yiddish (1.5%), as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_480/> From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 87.5% Eastern Orthodox, 5.7% Muslim, 2.6% Jewish, 1.9% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities.

==References==
{{Commons category|Tulcea County}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Tulcea County}}
{{Counties (judete) of Romania}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tulcea County| ]]
[[Category:Counties of Romania]]
[[Category:1879 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1938 disestablishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1950 disestablishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1879]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1938]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1940]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1950]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1968]]