View source for Tulsa, Oklahoma

{{Short description|City in the United States}}
{{Redirect|Tulsa}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Tulsa
| native_name        = {{native name|mus|Tallasi}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of municipalities in Oklahoma|City]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                          = infobox
| perrow                          = 1/2/1/3
| total_width                     = 270
| caption_align                   = center
| image1                          = Tulsa skyline aerial, April 2023.jpg
| caption1                        = [[Downtown Tulsa]]
| image2                          = BOK Center with ad for upcoming Carrie Underwood concert.jpg
| caption2                        = [[BOK Center]]
| image3                          = Philbrooks - Loggia - Garten 5.jpg
| caption3                        = [[Philbrook Museum]]
| image4                          = Tulsa 11.jpg
| caption4                        = The Tulsa [[U.S. Route 66 in Oklahoma|Historic Route 66]] sign
| image5                          = Boston Avenue Methodist Church.jpg
| caption5                        = [[Boston Avenue Methodist Church|Boston Avenue Church]]
| image6                          = Golden Driller, Tulsa USA - panoramio.jpg
| caption6                        = [[Golden Driller]] at [[SageNet Center]]
| image7                          = Prayer Tower on the campus of Oral Roberts University.jpg
| caption7                        = [[Oral Roberts University]]
}}
| image_flag         = Flag of Tulsa, Oklahoma (2018).svg
| flag_size           = 200px
| flag_link          = Flag of Tulsa, Oklahoma
| image_seal         = Seal of Tulsa, Oklahoma.svg
| seal_size          = 
| nicknames           = "Oil Capital of the World", "Tulsey Town", "T-Town", "Green Country", "Buckle of the Bible Belt", "The 918" "The Town"
| motto              = "A New Kind of Energy"
| image_map          = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=270|frame-height=165|frame-align=center|zoom=4|type=point|title=Tulsa|marker=city|type2=shape|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080}}
| map_caption        = Interactive map of Tulsa
| coordinates        = {{coord|36|07|53|N|95|56|14|W|type:city_region:US-OK|display=it}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Oklahoma|Counties]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Oklahoma]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Osage County, Oklahoma|Osage]], [[Rogers County, Oklahoma|Rogers]], [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]], [[Wagoner County, Oklahoma|Wagoner]]
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 1830
| government_type    = [[mayor-council government|Mayor-Council]]
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Tulsa, Oklahoma|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Monroe Nichols]]
| leader_party       = [[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi   = 201.85
| area_total_km2     = 522.79
| area_land_sq_mi    = 197.76
| area_land_km2      = 512.21
| area_water_sq_mi   = 4.09
| area_water_km2     = 10.58
| elevation_m        = 194
| elevation_ft       = 722
| population_total   = 413066
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = 
| population_rank    = [[List of United States cities by population|48th]] in the United States<br />[[List of municipalities in Oklahoma|2nd]] in Oklahoma
| population_density_sq_mi = 2088.67
| population_density_km2 = 806.44
| population_urban   = 722,810 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 60th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 824.9
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 2,136.5
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=22 August 2021}}</ref>
| population_metro   = 1034123 ([[List of metropolitan statistical areas|US: 54th]])
| population_demonym = Tulsan
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = {{collapsible list
|title                    = ZIP Codes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp |publisher=USPS |title=ZIP Code Lookup |access-date=August 30, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101160345/http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp |archive-date=January 1, 2008  }}</ref>
|frame_style              = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style               = 
|74101–74108, 74110, 74112, 74114–74117, 74119–74121, 74126–74137, 74141, 74145–74150, 74152–74153, 74155–74159, 74169–74172, 74182, 74186–74187, 74192–74193}}
| area_codes          = [[area codes 539 and 918|539/918]]
| website            = {{URL|https://www.cityoftulsa.org/|cityoftulsa.org}}
| footnotes          = 
| timezone           = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]]
| utc_offset         = −6
| timezone_DST       = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −5
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 40-75000
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 1100962<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1100962}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_est     = 
}}

'''Tulsa''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ʌ|l|s|ə|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Tulsa, Oklahoma.wav}} {{respell|TUL|sə}}) is the [[List of municipalities in Oklahoma|second-most-populous city]] in the U.S. state of [[Oklahoma]] and the [[List of United States cities by population|48th-most populous]] city in the United States. The population was 413,066 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Tulsa city, Oklahoma |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/tulsacityoklahoma/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=September 11, 2021}}</ref> It is the principal municipality of the [[Tulsa metropolitan area]], a region with 1.06 million residents. The city serves as the [[county seat]] of [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa County]], the most densely populated county in Oklahoma,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=TU008|title=Tulsa County|publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society|access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> with [[Urban Development|urban development]] extending into [[Osage County, Oklahoma|Osage]], [[Rogers County, Oklahoma|Rogers]] and [[Wagoner County, Oklahoma|Wagoner]] counties.<ref name="Subcounty">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/4075000|title=Tulsa (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |date=June 28, 2007 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|access-date=September 23, 2013}}</ref>

Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka band of [[Creek people|Creek]] Native Americans, and was formally incorporated in 1898. Most of Tulsa is still part of the territory of the [[Muscogee (Creek) Nation]]. Northwest Tulsa lies in the [[Osage Nation]] whereas North Tulsa is within the [[Cherokee Nation]].<ref name=halfOK>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-oklahoma/u-s-supreme-court-deems-half-of-oklahoma-a-native-american-reservation-idUSKBN24A268|title=U.S. Supreme Court deems half of Oklahoma a Native American reservation|website=[[Reuters]]|date=July 9, 2020}}</ref>{{efn|According to the July 2020 US Supreme Court ruling ''[[McGirt v. Oklahoma]]'', much of eastern Oklahoma, including most of Tulsa, are part of various Indian reservations for the purpose of federal criminal prosecutions. Tribe members may also be exempt from certain regulations issued by non-tribal governments.<ref name=halfOK />}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=ArcGIS Web Application |url=https://vmgis4.cherokee.org/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=d890e55c04c04c31a658301f9d020521 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=vmgis4.cherokee.org}}</ref>

Historically, a robust energy sector fueled Tulsa's economy; however, today the city has diversified and leading sectors include finance, aviation, telecommunications, and technology.<ref name="Work in Tulsa">{{cite web | url=http://tulsaok.usachamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=1190 | title=Business Opportunities| publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber of Commerce | access-date=April 14, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901121037/http://tulsaok.usachamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=1190|archive-date=September 1, 2006}}</ref> Two institutions of higher education within the city have sports teams at the [[NCAA Division I]] level: the [[University of Tulsa]] and [[Oral Roberts University]]. In addition, the [[University of Oklahoma]] has a secondary campus at the Tulsa Schusterman Center, and [[Oklahoma State University]] has a secondary campus located in downtown Tulsa. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname "[[Oil Capital of the World]]" and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the [[Petroleum in the United States|American oil industry]].<ref name="Tulsa History">{{cite news|last=Everly-Douze|first=Susan|date=August 27, 1989|title=What's Doing in Tulsa?|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/27/travel/what-s-doing-in-tulsa.html|access-date=July 4, 2025|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730234412/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/27/travel/what-s-doing-in-tulsa.html|archive-date=July 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

It is situated on the [[Arkansas River]] in the western foothills of the [[Ozark Mountains]], south of the [[Osage Hills]] (which extend into Northwest Tulsa<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tulsa Botanic Garden {{!}} Tulsa, Oklahoma {{!}} |url=https://www.tulsabotanic.org/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Tulsa Botanic Garden |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Tulsa |url=https://www.cityoftulsa.org/government/departments/public-works/refuse-recycling/residential-services/trash-collection-schedule/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=www.cityoftulsa.org}}</ref>) in northeast Oklahoma, a region of the state known as "[[Green Country]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Country Tourism |url=https://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.3220 |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=TravelOK.com - Oklahoma's Official Travel & Tourism Site |language=en-US}}</ref> Considered the cultural and arts center of Oklahoma,<ref>{{cite news | first=Tarun | last=Kapoor | title=Business Viewpoint: Private sector plays big downtown role | date=April 19, 2007 | work=[[Tulsa World]] | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=070419_5_E4_spanc55548 | access-date = July 4, 2025|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071008041722/http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=070419_5_E4_spanc55548|archive-date=October 8, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tulsa houses two accredited art museums, full-time professional opera and ballet companies, and one of the nation's largest concentrations of [[art deco]] architecture.<ref name="Quality of Life">{{cite web |year=2006 |url=http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=332&Itemid=413 |title=Quality of Life – Fun and Play |publisher=Oklahoma Department of Commerce |access-date=July 15, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627065030/http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=332&Itemid=413 |archive-date=June 27, 2007  }}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of Tulsa, Oklahoma|Timeline of Tulsa, Oklahoma}}

[[File: Meadow Gold Neon Sign Route 66 Tulsa Oklahoma.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Meadow Gold sign]] has greeted [[U.S. Route 66|Route 66]] travelers in Tulsa for decades.]]

The area where Tulsa now exists is considered [[Indian Territory]], on the land of the [[Kiikaapoi]] (Kickapoo), Wahzhazhe Ma zha ([[Osage Nation|Osage]]), [[Muscogee]] (Creek), and [[Caddo]] tribes, among others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NativeLand.ca|url=https://native-land.ca/|access-date=2020-09-28|website=Native-land.ca - Our home on native land|language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=13}} It was initially named after a Muscogee settlement in the southeastern United States called ''Tvlahasse'' with the short form ''Tallasi'' in the [[Muscogee language]], which became ''Tullahassee'' or ''Tallise'' in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. ''Etvlwv ahassee'' means "old town" in the Muscogean language.{{sfn|Cobb|2020|p=47}}  In 1540, [[Hernando de Soto]] became the first European to visit and document the original Tulsa in the southeast.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=22}}{{sfn|Cobb|2020|pp=46-47}} Tvlahasse was a member of the [[Creek Confederacy]] and had a strong relationship with the town of Locvpokv{{efn|also spelled Loachapoka.}} and members of the two towns largely settled together after [[Indian Removal]] and the [[Trail of Tears]] in modern-day Tulsa.{{sfn|Cobb|2020|pp=47-48}}

===Muscogee founding=== 
On March 28, 1836, [[Opothleyahola]] and the [[Muscogee (Creek) Nation]] established a small settlement called Lochapoka ("place of turtles" in Creek) under the [[Creek Council Oak Tree]] at the present-day intersection of Cheyenne Avenue and 18th Street.<ref>{{cite web |title=Creek Nation Council Oak |url=https://memory.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/ok/ok0000/ok0081/data/ok0081data.pdf |website=American Memory - Library of Congress |publisher=[[Historic American Landscapes Survey]]}}</ref><ref name="Tulsa Area History">{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsalibrary.org/tulsahistory/communities.htm#tul |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108010448/http://www.tulsalibrary.org/tulsahistory/communities.htm#tul |archive-date=January 8, 2007 |title=Tulsa Area History |publisher=Tulsa County Library |access-date=April 25, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=14, 17}} The area around Tulsa was also settled by members of the other so-called "[[Five Civilized Tribes]]" who had been relocated to Oklahoma from the Southern United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tulsapreservationcommission.org/resources/tulsa-history/native-americans/|title=Native Americans (1836-1907)|date=May 19, 2015 |publisher=Tulsa Preservation Commission|access-date=July 4, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsaweb.com/tulhist.htm |title=Tulsa's History |publisher=Tulsa Web |access-date=May 7, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221234623/http://www.tulsaweb.com/tulhist.htm |archive-date=February 21, 2007 }}</ref>  Most of modern Tulsa is located in the [[Muscogee (Creek) Nation|Creek Nation]], with parts located in the [[Cherokee Nation|Cherokee]] and [[Osage Nation]]s.<ref name="halfOK" /><ref name=":1" />

Although Oklahoma was not yet a state during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], [[Indian Territory]] saw its share of fighting.{{sfn|Cobb|2020|p=49}} The [[Battle of Chusto-Talasah]] took place on [[Bird Creek]], and several battles and skirmishes took place in nearby counties.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=CH066|last=Hughes|first=Michael A.|title=Chusto-Talasah, Battle of|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture|year=2010|access-date=July 4, 2025|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110523204259/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/C/CH066.html|archive-date=May 23, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> After the War, the tribes signed [[Reconstruction Treaties|Reconstruction treaties]] with the federal government that in some cases required substantial land concessions.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=29}} In the years after the Civil War and around the turn of the century, the area along the Arkansas River that is now Tulsa was periodically home to or visited by a series of colorful outlaws, including the legendary [[Wild Bunch]] and the [[Dalton Gang]].{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=38-40}}

===Incorporation and "Oil Capital" prosperity===
On August 7, 1882, the town was almost centered at a location just north of the current Whittier Square, when a construction crew laying out the line of the [[St. Louis-San Francisco Railroad]] chose that spot for a sidetrack serving ranchers.<ref name=Whittier>{{cite web|url= https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/michael-overall-how-whittier-square-could-have-been-the-middle-of-downtown-tulsa/article_f6b38386-4b25-11ed-8572-8bcc0dfa6728.html |title=How Whittier Square could have been the middle of downtown Tulsa |first=Michael |last=Overall |work=Tulsa World |date=October 16, 2022|access-date=November 6, 2022|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20221106231227/https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/michael-overall-how-whittier-square-could-have-been-the-middle-of-downtown-tulsa/article_f6b38386-4b25-11ed-8572-8bcc0dfa6728.html|archive-date=November 6, 2022|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=30-31}}<ref name="Gregory 2024">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Gregory|first=Carl E.|title=Tulsa|url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=TU003|encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture|year=2024|orig-year=2010|access-date=July 4, 2025}}</ref> However, an area merchant persuaded them to move the site further west into the Muscogee Nation, which had friendlier laws for white business owners.<ref name=Whittier/>{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=33}}  On January 18, 1898, Tulsa was officially incorporated and elected [[Edward E. Calkins]] as the city's first mayor.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=46}}

Tulsa was still a micro town near the banks of the [[Arkansas River]] when P.L. Crossman and his crew successfully drilled oil on land near [[Red Fork, Oklahoma|Red Fork]] on the late night of June 24, 1901.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=67}} Much of the oil was discovered on land whose mineral rights were owned by members of the [[Osage Nation]] under a system of headrights. By 1905, the discovery of the grand [[Glenn Pool Oil Reserve]] (located approximately {{Convert|15|mi|sp=us|disp=or}} south of downtown Tulsa and site of the present-day town of [[Glenpool, Oklahoma|Glenpool]]) prompted a rush of entrepreneurs to the area's growing number of oil fields, such as [[Andrew Mellon]], [[John D. Rockefeller]], and [[Harry Ford Sinclair]].{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=68, 88-89}} Oil companies like [[Texaco]] and Rockefeller's Prairie Oil and Gas Company moved their headquarters to Tulsa starting in 1909.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=89}} Tulsa's population swelled to over 140,000 between 1901 and 1930.<ref name="Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990">{{cite web|date=June 1998 |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html |title=Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 |first=Campbell |last=Gibson |publisher=United States Census |access-date=April 29, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314031958/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html |archive-date=March 14, 2007 }}</ref> 
[[File:Tulsa OK Map 1920.jpg|thumb|right|A map of Tulsa in 1920]]

Known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century, the city's success in the energy industry prompted construction booms in the popular [[Art Deco]] style of the time.<ref name="Tulsa History" /> Profits from the oil industry continued through the [[Great Depression]], helping the city's economy fare better than most in the United States during the 1930s.<ref name="Art Deco in Tulsa">{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsalibrary.org/research/artdeco/artdecointulsa.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202031937/http://www.tulsalibrary.org/research/artdeco/artdecointulsa.htm | archive-date=December 2, 2006| title=What's Doing in Tulsa?| first=Rex | last=Ball |author2=Jennifer Young | publisher=Tulsa City-County Library | access-date=April 25, 2007}}</ref> During the Depression, oil prices in Tulsa were usually between $1.00 and $1.18 per barrel from 1934 to 1940.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=151}}

===1921 race massacre===
{{main|Tulsa race massacre}}
In the early 20th century, Tulsa was home to the "[[Greenwood, Tulsa#Black Wall Street|Black Wall Street]]", one of the most prosperous Black communities in the United States at the time.<ref name="Tulsa Race Riot">{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsareparations.org/TulsaRiot.htm |title=The Tulsa Race Riot |first=Scott |last=Ellsworth |publisher=Tulsa Reparations |access-date=April 20, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210225357/http://www.tulsareparations.org/TulsaRiot.htm |archive-date=December 10, 2013  }}</ref> Located in the [[Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma|Greenwood]] neighborhood, it was the site of the [[Tulsa race massacre|Tulsa Race Massacre]], said to be "the single worst incident of [[mass racial violence in the United States|racial violence in American history]]",<ref name="okhist">{{cite web|first=Scott|last=Ellsworth|author-link=Scott Ellsworth|date=2009|url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=TU013 |title=Tulsa Race Riot|website=[[The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture]]|access-date=31 December 2016}}</ref> in which mobs of White Tulsans killed Black Tulsans, looted and robbed the Black community, and burned down homes and businesses.<ref name="Tulsa Race Riot" /> Sixteen hours of massacring on May 31 and June 1, 1921, ended only when National Guardsmen were brought in by the governor. An official report later claimed that 23 Black and 16 White citizens were killed, but other estimates suggest as many as 300 people died, most of them Black.<ref name="Tulsa Race Riot" /> Over 800 people were admitted to local hospitals with injuries, and an estimated 1,000 Black people were left homeless as 35 city blocks, composed of 1,256 residences, were destroyed by fire. Property damage was estimated at {{Nowrap|$1.8 million}}.<ref name="Tulsa Race Riot" /> Efforts to obtain reparations for survivors of the violence have been unsuccessful, but the events were re-examined by the city and state in the early 21st century, acknowledging the terrible actions that had taken place.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html |title=As Survivors Dwindle, Tulsa Confronts Past |last=Sulzberger |first=A.G.|authorlink=A. G. Sulzberger |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 20, 2011 |access-date=July 4, 2025|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120515125352/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/us/20tulsa.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=May 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Cains Ballroom Sign.jpg|thumb|upright|Cain's Ballroom came to be known as the "Carnegie Hall of Western Swing"<ref name="Cain's Ballroom">{{cite news | date=March 25, 2007 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/webextra/itemsofinterest/centennial/centennial_storypage.asp?ID=070321_1_CE13_spanc63544| title=Cain's Ballroom: A Music Icon: Venue is a landmark for Western swing, punk fans | first=Matt | last=Elliott | work=[[Tulsa World]] | access-date=July 4, 2025|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071010063559/https://www.tulsaworld.com/webextra/itemsofinterest/centennial/centennial_storypage.asp?ID=070321_1_CE13_spanc63544|archive-date=October 10, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> in the early 20th century.]]
In 1922, Tulsa city voters approved nearly $7 million in bonds to construct the [[Spavinaw Water Project|Spavinaw Dam]], in response to oil drilling causing pollution in the Arkansas River.{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=103-104}} Completed in 1924, the dam was then the third most expensive municipal works project in the U.S.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=107}}

In 1925, Tulsa businessman [[Cyrus Avery]] began his campaign to create a road linking [[Chicago]] to [[Los Angeles]] by establishing the [[U.S. Highway 66 Association]] in Tulsa, earning the city the nickname the "Birthplace of Route 66".<ref>{{cite web| title = Birthplace of Route 66: Tulsa, OK| url = http://www.citydictionary.com/OK/Tulsa/Birthplace-of-Route-66/5485/| date = Jun 22, 2009| access-date = July 28, 2010| archive-url = https://archive.today/20120724132504/http://www.citydictionary.com/OK/Tulsa/Birthplace-of-Route-66/5485/| archive-date = July 24, 2012| url-status = dead| df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG02/carney/avery.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010823212601/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG02/carney/avery.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 23, 2001 | title=The Father of Route 66 | publisher=[[University of Virginia]] | access-date=April 20, 2007}}</ref> Avery also influenced the construction of U.S. routes [[U.S. Route 64 in Oklahoma|64]] and [[U.S. Route 75 in Oklahoma|75]] through Tulsa.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=107}}

Known for popularizing [[western swing]] music, [[Bob Wills]] and his group, [[The Texas Playboys]], began their long performing stint in Tulsa in the 1930s. Radio station [[KOTV (AM)|KVOO]] began broadcasting Wills and the Playboys' concerts in 1934.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=193}} In 1935, [[Cain's Ballroom]] became the base for the group.<ref name="Cain's Ballroom" />{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=193}} The venue continued to attract famous musicians through its history, and is still in operation today.<ref name="Cain's Ballroom" />

During [[World War II]], the economy in Tulsa expanded beyond oil to aircraft. In 1941, Tulsa voters overwhelmingly approved, by nearly 80 percentage points, a $750,000 bond to finance a 1,000-acre [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] plant near the [[Tulsa Municipal Airport]]. The plant opened in 1942.{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=174-175}} [[Skelly Oil]] president [[J. Paul Getty]] also began living in a concrete bunker in 1942 to supervise his [[Spartan Aircraft Company]].{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=168-169}} Having done millions in business during World War II, the Douglas and Spartan Aircraft plants remained active after the war thanks to continuing U.S. government contracts, which would reach the billions by the end of the [[Cold War]].{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=240-243}} [[American Airlines]] took over a former Douglas facility in 1946 and moved its entire fleet to Tulsa by 1950.{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=244}} The 1950s also saw Texaco and other oil companies move their headquarters from Tulsa to [[Houston]], which Danney Goble described as "Tulsa's rightful heir as the oil capital".{{sfn|Goble|1998|p=246}}

In an article in the June 1957 issue of ''[[Reader's Digest]]'', [[Daniel Longwell]] named Tulsa "America's Most Beautiful City" for, as Goble described in 1997, "its landscaped airport" and "gaily decorated public buildings" among other architecture.{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=162, 164}}

For the rest of the mid-20th century, the city had a master plan to construct parks, churches, museums, rose gardens, improved infrastructure, and increased national advertising.<ref name="Tulsa History" />{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=195-196}} In 1962, Tulsa County voters approved expansions of the county's libraries and a 1.9-mill library levy.{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=196-197}}
Thanks to companies providing supplies ranging from paper clips to heavy machinery to aircraft manufacturers, Tulsa had the most manufacturing jobs in Oklahoma by the early 1970s.{{sfn|Goble|1998|pp=244-245}}

A national recession greatly affected the city's economy in 1982, as areas of Texas and Oklahoma heavily dependent on oil suffered the [[1980s oil glut|freefall in gas prices]] due to a glut, and a mass exodus of oil industries.<ref name="Oil Bust">{{cite web | date=January 23, 2006 | url=http://staging.okcommerce.gov/test1/dmdocuments/Oklahoma_Oil_Gas_Briefing_January_2006_0302061746.pdf | title=Oil and Gas Briefing | publisher=Oklahoma Department of Commerce | access-date=April 27, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614044129/http://staging.okcommerce.gov/test1/dmdocuments/Oklahoma_Oil_Gas_Briefing_January_2006_0302061746.pdf | archive-date=June 14, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Tulsa, heavily dependent on the oil industry, was one of the hardest-hit cities by the fall of oil prices.<ref name="Oil Bust" /> By 1992, the state's economy had fully recovered,<ref name="Oil Bust" /> but leaders worked to expand into sectors unrelated to oil and energy.

===21st century===
In 2003, the "[[Vision 2025]]" program was approved by voters, to enhance and revitalize Tulsa's infrastructure and tourism industry. The keystone project of the initiative, the [[BOK Center]], was designed to be a home for the city's minor league hockey and arena football teams, as well as a venue for major concerts and conventions. The multi-purpose arena, designed by famed architect [[Cesar Pelli]], broke ground in 2005<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ww3.visittulsa.com/general.asp?id=207 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509145415/http://ww3.visittulsa.com/general.asp?id=207 | archive-date=May 9, 2007| title=BOK Center| publisher=Tulsa Convention and Visitors Bureau | access-date=April 20, 2007}}</ref> and was opened on August 30, 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-01-07|title=Tulsa World: Updated: Opening of BOK Center draws thousands downtown|url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=20080830_11_Ente266423|access-date=2021-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107004717/https://tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=20080830_11_Ente266423|archive-date=January 7, 2009}}</ref>

In July 2020 the Supreme Court ruled in ''[[McGirt v. Oklahoma]]'' that as it pertains to criminal law much of eastern Oklahoma, including Tulsa, remains as Native American lands.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news|date=2020-07-10|title=Half of Oklahoma ruled to be Native American land|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53358330|access-date=2020-07-10}}</ref> Specifically, prosecution of crimes by Native Americans on these lands falls into the jurisdiction of the [[tribal court]]s and [[Federal judiciary of the United States|federal judiciary]] under the [[Major Crimes Act]], rather than Oklahoma's courts.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Sean |last2=Gresko |first2=Jessica |date=July 9, 2020 |title=Supreme Court hands Oklahoma a loss on tribal lands fight |language=en |website=Tulsa World |agency=Associated Press |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/supreme-court-hands-oklahoma-a-loss-on-tribal-lands-fight/article_4c33fbe8-c1ed-11ea-8c16-2705dc65414a.html |access-date=2020-10-02}}</ref> The Supreme Court further clarified the scope of tribal jurisdiction in ''[[Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta]]'', finding that regarding crimes committed by non-Native Americans on native lands, federal and state courts would hold joint jurisdiction.<ref name="Castro-Huerta">{{cite news|date=2022-06-22|title=Supreme Court Narrows Ruling for Native American Tribes in Oklahoma|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/29/us/politics/supreme-court-ruling-oklahoma-tribes.html}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Tulsa is located in the northeastern corner of [[Oklahoma]] between the edge of the [[Great Plains]] and the foot of the [[Ozarks]] in a generally forested region of rolling hills. The city touches the eastern extent of the [[Cross Timbers]], an [[ecoregion]] of [[forest]] and [[prairie]] transitioning from the drier plains of the west to the wetter forests of the east.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uark.edu/misc/xtimber/summary.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908090043/http://www.uark.edu/misc/xtimber/summary.html | archive-date=September 8, 2006 | website=[[University of Arkansas]]| title=The Ancient Cross Timbers| access-date=May 3, 2007}}</ref> With a wetter climate than points westward, Tulsa serves as a gateway to "[[Green Country]]", a popular and official designation for northeast Oklahoma that stems from the region's green vegetation and relatively large number of hills and lakes compared to central and western areas of Oklahoma,<ref>{{cite news | first=Leah | last=Clapman | title=Key Races: Oklahoma Senate | date=September 24, 2004 | publisher=PBS | url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/vote2004/key-races/ok_profile.html | access-date=April 30, 2007 | archive-date=June 21, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621224248/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/vote2004/key-races/ok_profile.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> which lie largely in the drier [[Great Plains]] region of the Central United States. Located near the western edge of the [[U.S. Interior Highlands]], northeastern Oklahoma is the most topographically diverse part of the state, containing seven of Oklahoma's 11 eco-regions<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.travelok.com/atv/index.asp#map |publisher=Oklahoma Department of Tourism |title=Oklahoma, The All-Terrain Vacation |access-date=April 20, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709205916/http://travelok.com/atv/index.asp |archive-date=July 9, 2006 }}</ref> and more than half of its state parks.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.travelok.com/cities/regions.asp?region=G42.G4084 | publisher=Oklahoma Department of Tourism | title=Northeast Oklahoma's Green Country | access-date=April 30, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930191153/http://www.travelok.com/cities/regions.asp?region=G42.G4084 | archive-date=September 30, 2007 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The region encompasses 30 lakes or reservoirs<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.greencountryok.com/browse.php?type=6 | publisher=Green Country Marketing Association | title=Northeast Oklahoma Lakes | access-date=April 30, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182318/http://www.greencountryok.com/browse.php?type=6 | archive-date=September 27, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> and borders the neighboring states of [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]], and [[Arkansas]].

===Topography===
The city developed on both sides of the prominent [[Arkansas River]], which flows in a wide, sandy-bottomed channel. Its flow through Tulsa is controlled by reservoirs at [[Keystone Lake]], and a low-water dam was built at [[Zink Lake]] in downtown Tulsa to maintain a full channel at all times. This dam deteriorated and eventually failed, and was repaired and reopened in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cdm15020.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16063coll1/id/1681|title=Low-water dam lake to honor Zinks|website=Cdm15020.contentdm.oclo.org|access-date=May 8, 2021|archive-date=October 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029183158/http://cdm15020.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16063coll1/id/1681|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Gretchen |last=Collins |title=River Parks Proves Practical Need for Visionary Ideas |work=Urban Tulsa Weekly |url=http://archives.urbantulsa.com/article.asp?id=11 |access-date=April 30, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063005/http://archives.urbantulsa.com/article.asp?id=11 |archive-date=September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityoftulsa.org/zink|title=Zink Lake and Zinc Dam|access-date=September 7, 2024}}</ref>

Heavily wooded and with abundant parks and water areas, the city has several prominent hills, such as "Shadow Mountain" and "[[Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderness Area|Turkey Mountain]]", which create varied terrain, especially in its southern portions. While its central and northern sections are generally flat to gently undulating, the [[Osage Hills]] extension into the northwestern part of the city further varies the landscape. Holmes Peak, north of the city, is the tallest point in the [[Tulsa metro area|Tulsa Metro area]] at 1,360&nbsp;ft (415&nbsp;m)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=22429 |title=Osage County High Point |publisher=Peakbagger.com |date=November 1, 2004 |access-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|186.8|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|182.6|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|4.2|sqmi}} (2.24%) is water.

===Cityscape===
{{Wide image|Central Park Tulsa Oklahoma.jpg|1050px|Panoramic view of Veterans Park and Downtown, looking west}}

====Architecture====
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Tulsa|List of Art Deco buildings in Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[File:Philtower-Building-Tulsa-Oklahoma.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Philtower]], built in the late [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style, is surrounded by contemporary office buildings.]]

A building boom in Tulsa in the early 20th century coincided with the rise of art deco architecture in the United States.<ref name="Art Deco in Tulsa" /> Most commonly in the zigzag and [[Streamline Moderne|streamline]] styles,<ref name="Art Deco in Tulsa" /> the city's art deco is dotted throughout its older neighborhoods, primarily in downtown and midtown. A collection of large art deco structures such as the [[Mid-Continent Tower]], the [[Boston Avenue Methodist Church]], [[Will Rogers High School]], and the [[Philtower]], have attracted events promoting the preservation and architectural interest.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

In addition, the city's early prosperity funded the construction of many elegant Craftsmen, Georgian, storybook, Tudor, Greek Revival, [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]], [[Spanish Revival|Spanish revival]], and colonial revival homes (many of which can be found in Tulsa's uptown and Midtown neighborhoods). Noted architects and firms working in Tulsa during this period include Charles Dilbeck,<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Dilbeck |url=http://www.preservationdallas.org/resources/discover-dallas/charles-stevens-dilbeck/ |website=preservationdallas.org |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> [[John Duncan Forsyth]], and [[Nelle Peters]].

Growth in the twentieth century gave the city a larger base of contemporary architectural styles, including several buildings by famed Tulsa architects [[Bruce Goff]] and [[Adah Robinson]]. The [[Prairie School]] was very influential in Tulsa: [[Barry Byrne]] designed Tulsa's Christ the King Church and, in 1927, [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]'s midtown Tulsa residential project [[Westhope]] was completed. In particular, the middle of the 20th century brought a wealth of modern architecture to Tulsa. Tulsa's Mies-trained modernist [[Robert Lawton Jones]] designed many buildings in the region, including the Tulsa International Airport.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sisson |first1=Patrick |title=Robert Lawton Jones: Tulsa's ambassador of International Style |url=https://www.curbed.com/2017/8/24/16170780/robert-lawton-jones-midcentury-modern-architect-tulsa-oklahoma |access-date=10 May 2019 |work=Curbed |date=24 August 2017}}</ref> Other noted modernists working in Tulsa include the pioneering Texas architect [[O'Neil Ford]]<ref>{{cite web |title=O'Neil Ford |url=https://larryspeck.com/architects/oneil-ford/ | website=larryspeck.com |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> and [[Joseph R. Koberling Jr.]], who had also been active during the art deco period. South, East, and Midtown Tulsa are home to a number of the ranch and Mid-Century Modern homes that reflect Tulsa's prosperous post-war period.

The [[BOK Tower]], built during this period, is the second tallest building in Oklahoma and the surrounding states of Missouri, [[New Mexico]], [[Arkansas]], and Kansas.<ref name="Tallest Buildings by U.S. State">{{cite web | date=October 6, 2006 | url=http://www.allaboutskyscrapers.com/tallest_state.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111140434/http://www.allaboutskyscrapers.com/tallest_state.html | archive-date=January 11, 2007| title=Tallest Buildings by U.S. State | first=Richie | last=Gill | publisher=All About Skyscrapers| access-date=April 14, 2007}}</ref> Tulsa also has the third-, and fourth-tallest buildings in the state, including the [[Cityplex Towers|Cityplex Tower]], which is located in South Tulsa across from Oral Roberts University, far from downtown.<ref name="About Oklahoma">{{cite web| year=2007| url=http://www.travelok.com/about/fun_facts.asp| title=About Oklahoma| publisher=Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation| access-date=April 29, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517085232/http://www.travelok.com/about/fun_facts.asp| archive-date=May 17, 2007| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> One of the area's unique architectural complexes, Oral Roberts University, is built in a [[Futurist architecture|Post-Modern Futuristic]] style, incorporating bright gold structures with sharp, jetting edges and clear geometric shapes. The [[BOK Center]], Tulsa's new arena, incorporates many of the city's most prominent themes, including Native American, art deco, and contemporary architectural styles.<ref>{{cite news | date=September 28, 2004 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=040929_Ne_A1_Leade7399| title=Leaders praise arena design| first = Brian | last = Barber| newspaper=Tulsa World | access-date=May 7, 2007}}</ref> Intended to be an architectural icon,<ref name="The BOK Center">{{cite web | year=2006 | url=http://tulsaarena.info/index-hold.php?id=25| title=Arena Schematic Design Presented| publisher=Vision 2025 | access-date=May 7, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928220632/http://tulsaarena.info/index-hold.php?id=25 |archive-date = September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> the building was designed by [[César Pelli]], the architect of the [[Petronas Towers]] in [[Malaysia]].

====Neighborhoods====
{{Main|Neighborhoods of Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[Downtown Tulsa]] is an area of approximately {{convert|1.4|sqmi|km2}} surrounded by an inner-dispersal loop created by Interstate 244, Highway 64, and Highway 75.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsadowntown.org/index.cfm?pageID=7&pageParentIDNew=1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502145026/http://www.tulsadowntown.org/index.cfm?pageID=7&pageParentIDNew=1 | archive-date=May 2, 2007| title=Quick Facts | publisher=Downtown Tulsa Unlimited | access-date=April 14, 2007}}</ref> The area serves as Tulsa's financial and business district, and is the focus of a large initiative to draw tourism, which includes plans to capitalize on the area's historic architecture.<ref name="Land Legacy">{{cite web | date=December 25, 2005 | url=http://www.landlegacy.com/index.asp?page=news&issue=20051225 | title=Walk to tie city's projects together | publisher=Land Legacy | access-date=April 14, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309161139/http://www.landlegacy.com/index.asp?page=news&issue=20051225 | archive-date=March 9, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Much of Tulsa's convention space is located in downtown, such as the [[Tulsa Performing Arts Center]], the [[Arvest Convention Center]], and the [[BOK Center]]. Prominent downtown neighborhoods include the [[Oil Capital Historic District]], the [[Blue Dome Historic District|Blue Dome]], the Tulsa Arts district, and [[Greenwood, Tulsa|Greenwood]], the site of [[ONEOK Field]], a baseball stadium for the [[Tulsa Drillers]] opened in 2010.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=20080625_11_Thesi15817| first=PJ |last=Lassek |title=Tulsa Drillers stadium coming downtown to Greenwood District | newspaper=Tulsa World| date=June 25, 2008|access-date=September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=298&articleid=20081219_298_0_hrimgs284185 |first=PJ |last=Lassek |title=City breaks ground on downtown ballpark | newspaper=Tulsa World| date=December 19, 2008|access-date=December 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20090113_11_A1_OneokC226046| first=PJ |last=Lassek |title=Baseball park named Oneok Field | newspaper=Tulsa World| date=January 13, 2009|access-date=January 13, 2009}}</ref> Neighborhoods surrounding downtown include [[Owen Park]], [[Pearl District, Tulsa|The Pearl]], [[The Heights, Tulsa|The Heights]], and Kendall-Whittier.

[[File:Tulsa, Oklahoma.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Arkansas River]] marks the division between West Tulsa and other regions of the city.]]

The city's historical residential core lies in an area known as Midtown, containing upscale neighborhoods built in the early 20th century with architecture ranging from art deco to [[Greek Revival]]. Midtown includes the neighborhoods of [[Maple Ridge, Tulsa|Maple Ridge]], [[Swan Lake (Tulsa)|Swan Lake]], [[Cherry Street, Tulsa|Cherry Street]], [[Brookside, Tulsa|Brookside]] and Lortondale. The University of Tulsa, [[Philbrook Museum]], the [[Gathering Place (Tulsa park)|Gathering Place]] and [[Utica Square]] are located in this region.

A large portion of the city's southern half has developed since the 1970s, containing low-density housing and retail developments. This region, marked by secluded homes and suburban neighborhoods, contains one of the state's largest shopping malls, [[Woodland Hills Mall]], as well as [[Southern Hills Country Club]], and Oral Roberts University. East of Highway 169 and north of 61st street, a diverse racial makeup marks the eastern portions of the city, with large [[Asian people|Asian]] and [[Mexican people|Mexican]] communities and much of the city's manufacturing industry.

Areas of Tulsa west of the Arkansas River are called [[West Tulsa]] and are marked by large parks, wilderness reserves, and large oil refineries. The northern tier of the city is home to [[OSU-Tulsa]], [[Gilcrease Museum]], [[Tulsa International Airport]], the [[Tulsa Zoo]], the [[Tulsa Air and Space Museum]], and the nation's third-largest municipal park, [[Mohawk Park]].<ref name="Mowhawk Park - 3rd Largest">{{cite web| url=http://www.tulsazoo.org/general.asp?id=97| title=Zoo History| publisher=[[Tulsa Zoo and Living Museum]]| access-date=April 15, 2006| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928072514/http://www.tulsazoo.org/general.asp?id=97| archive-date=September 28, 2006| df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Climate===
[[File:Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) - Tulsa Area, OK(ThreadEx).svg|thumb|right|Climate chart for Tulsa]]
Tulsa has a [[temperate]] climate of the [[humid subtropical]] variety ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfa'') with a yearly average temperature of {{convert|61.3|°F}} and average precipitation of just under {{Convert|41|in|mm}} per year. Average monthly precipitation is lowest from December to February, and peaks dramatically in May, which averages {{Convert|5.9|in|mm}} of rainfall. Early June can still be wet, but late June through the end of August is frequently dry. On average, Tulsa experiences a secondary rainfall peak in September and early October. As is typical of temperate zones, weather patterns vary by season with occasional extremes in temperature and rainfall.<ref name="The Climate of Tulsa County" />

Primarily in the spring and early summer months, the city is subjected to severe [[thunderstorms]] containing large [[hail]], damaging winds, and, occasionally, [[tornadoes]],<ref name="The Climate of Tulsa County">{{cite web
 |url         = http://climate.ocs.ou.edu/county_climate/Products/County_Climatologies/county_climate_tulsa.pdf
 |title       = Climate of Tulsa County
 |publisher   = Oklahoma Climatological Survey
 |page        = 1
 |access-date  = April 26, 2006
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902034405/http://climate.ocs.ou.edu/county_climate/Products/County_Climatologies/county_climate_tulsa.pdf
 |archive-date = September 2, 2006
 |df          = mdy-all
}}</ref> providing the area with a disproportionate share of its annual rainfall.<ref name="Weatherbase">{{cite web
 | url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=065327&refer=
 |title=Historical Weather for Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America
 | publisher=Weatherbase
 | year=2007
 | access-date=April 26, 2007 }}</ref> Severe weather is not limited to this season, however. For instance, on December 5, 1975, and on December 24, 1982, Tulsa experienced tornadoes.<ref name="The Climate of Tulsa County" /> Due to [[Flooding and flood control in Tulsa|its potential for major flooding events]], the city has developed one of the most extensive flood control systems in the nation.<ref name="Flooding History" /> A comprehensive flood management plan was developed in 1984 following a severe flood caused by a stalled [[Surface weather analysis|weather front]] that dropped {{convert|15|in|-1|abbr=on}} of rain overnight, killing 14, injuring 288, and destroying 7,000 buildings totaling {{Nowrap|$180 million}} in damage.<ref name="Flooding History">{{cite web
 | url=http://www.cityoftulsa.org/CityServices/FloodControl/History.asp
 | title=Flooding History
 | publisher=City of Tulsa
 | year=2005
 | access-date=May 8, 2007 }}</ref> In the early 1990s<ref name="Flooding History" /> and again in 2000,<ref>{{cite news
 |title       = FEMA Honors Tulsa, Oklahoma As Nation's Leading Floodplain Management Community
 |date        = September 13, 2000
 |publisher   = [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]]
 |url         = http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=8679
 |access-date  = April 28, 2007
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234946/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=8679
 |archive-date = September 26, 2007
 |df          = mdy-all
}}</ref> the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] honored Tulsa as leading the nation in flood plain management.
Triple-digit temperatures (>{{cvt|100|F|C}}) are observed on average 11 days per year, most of which occur from July to early September,<ref name="Autumn Climatology for Eastern Oklahoma and Northwest Arkansas">{{cite web
 | url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/tsa/?n=climo_cliautumn
 | title=Autumn Climatology for Eastern Oklahoma and Northwest Arkansas
 | publisher=National Weather Service
 | access-date=April 30, 2006
}}</ref> and are usually accompanied by high humidity brought in by southerly winds.<ref name="The Climate of Tulsa County" /> The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|115|°F|0}} on August 10, 1936.<ref>Tulsa World. "[http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=334&articleid=20110803_477_A1_CUTLIN322183 Tulsa's temperatures, water usage continue to soar]".</ref> Lack of air circulation due to heat and humidity during the summer months leads to higher concentrations of [[ozone]], prompting the city to release "Ozone Alerts", encouraging all parties to do their part in complying with the [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]] and [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] standards.<ref>{{cite web
 | url=http://www.ozonealert.com/problem3.htm
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528185940/http://www.ozonealert.com/problem3.htm
 | archive-date=May 28, 2006
 | title=Ozone Alert! Program Data and Monitoring
 | publisher=Tulsa Ozone Alert
 | access-date=April 30, 2006}}</ref> The autumn season is usually short, consisting of pleasant, sunny days followed by cool nights.<ref name="Autumn Climatology for Eastern Oklahoma and Northwest Arkansas" /> Winter temperatures, while generally mild, dip below {{convert|10|°F|0}} on average three nights per year, and occasionally below {{convert|0|°F|0}}, the most recent such occurrence being a {{convert|−2|°F|0}} reading on January 16, 2024.<ref name="NOAA" /> The average seasonal snowfall is 8.7 inches (22.1&nbsp;cm) with the record highest seasonal snowfall of 26.1 inches (66.3&nbsp;cm) occurring in the winter of 2010–2011. Only three winters on record have officially recorded trace amounts or no snowfall, the most recent being 1910–11.<ref name="NOAA" /> The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|−16|°F|0}} on January 22, 1930.
{{Weather box 
|location = Tulsa, Oklahoma ([[Tulsa International Airport|Tulsa Int'l]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present{{efn|Official records for Tulsa kept August 1893 to December 1930 at downtown and at Tulsa Int'l since January 1931. For more information, see [http://threadex.rcc-acis.org Threadex].}}
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 82
|Feb record high F = 90
|Mar record high F = 99
|Apr record high F = 102
|May record high F = 100
|Jun record high F = 108
|Jul record high F = 113
|Aug record high F = 115
|Sep record high F = 109
|Oct record high F = 98
|Nov record high F = 89
|Dec record high F = 80
|year record high F = 115
|Jan avg record high F = 70.1
|Feb avg record high F = 74.9
|Mar avg record high F = 83.4
|Apr avg record high F = 86.8
|May avg record high F = 91.3
|Jun avg record high F = 95.4
|Jul avg record high F = 101.9
|Aug avg record high F = 102.2
|Sep avg record high F = 96.2
|Oct avg record high F = 88.2
|Nov avg record high F = 79.0
|Dec avg record high F = 70.1
|year avg record high F = 103.9
|Jan high F = 48.9
|Feb high F = 54.0
|Mar high F = 63.3
|Apr high F = 72.1
|May high F = 79.7
|Jun high F = 88.4
|Jul high F = 93.6
|Aug high F = 93.0
|Sep high F = 84.8
|Oct high F = 73.6
|Nov high F = 61.4
|Dec high F = 50.9
|year high F = 72.0
|Jan mean F = 38.5
|Feb mean F = 42.8
|Mar mean F = 52.0
|Apr mean F = 60.8
|May mean F = 69.6
|Jun mean F = 78.6
|Jul mean F = 83.4
|Aug mean F = 82.2
|Sep mean F = 73.8
|Oct mean F = 62.3
|Nov mean F = 50.4
|Dec mean F = 41.0
|year mean F = 61.3
|Jan low F = 28.0
|Feb low F = 31.7
|Mar low F = 40.7
|Apr low F = 49.5
|May low F = 59.5
|Jun low F = 68.7
|Jul low F = 73.1
|Aug low F = 71.5
|Sep low F = 62.8
|Oct low F = 50.9
|Nov low F = 39.4
|Dec low F = 31.1
|year low F = 50.6
|Jan avg record low F = 10.4
|Feb avg record low F = 13.5
|Mar avg record low F = 22.9
|Apr avg record low F = 33.5
|May avg record low F = 44.8
|Jun avg record low F = 56.4
|Jul avg record low F = 63.4
|Aug avg record low F = 60.5
|Sep avg record low F = 46.0
|Oct avg record low F = 34.5
|Nov avg record low F = 23.4
|Dec avg record low F = 12.6
|year avg record low F = 4.6
|Jan record low F = -16
|Feb record low F = -15
|Mar record low F = -3
|Apr record low F = 22
|May record low F = 32
|Jun record low F = 49
|Jul record low F = 51
|Aug record low F = 48
|Sep record low F = 35
|Oct record low F = 15
|Nov record low F = 10
|Dec record low F = -8
|year record low F = -16
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.63
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.62
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.10
|Apr precipitation inch = 4.37
|May precipitation inch = 5.73
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.65
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.76
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.38
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.85
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.78
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.66
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.43
|year precipitation inch=
|Jan snow inch = 1.9
|Feb snow inch = 2.4
|Mar snow inch = 1.9
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.8
|Dec snow inch = 1.7
|year snow inch= 
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan precipitation days =  6.0
|Feb precipitation days =  6.6
|Mar precipitation days =  8.6
|Apr precipitation days =  9.1
|May precipitation days = 11.1
|Jun precipitation days =  9.1
|Jul precipitation days =  7.3
|Aug precipitation days =  6.9
|Sep precipitation days =  7.8
|Oct precipitation days =  8.4
|Nov precipitation days =  6.7
|Dec precipitation days =  6.7
|year precipitation days = 
|Jan snow days = 1.8
|Feb snow days = 1.3
|Mar snow days = 0.6
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.4
|Dec snow days = 1.2
|year snow days =
|Jan sun = 175.8 |Jan percentsun = 57
|Feb sun = 171.7 |Feb percentsun = 56
|Mar sun = 219.6 |Mar percentsun = 59
|Apr sun = 244.4 |Apr percentsun = 62
|May sun = 266.7 |May percentsun = 61
|Jun sun = 294.8 |Jun percentsun = 67
|Jul sun = 334.7 |Jul percentsun = 75
|Aug sun = 305.3 |Aug percentsun = 73
|Sep sun = 232.5 |Sep percentsun = 63
|Oct sun = 218.6 |Oct percentsun = 63
|Nov sun = 161.1 |Nov percentsun = 52
|Dec sun = 160.8 |Dec percentsun = 53
|year percentsun = 63
|Jan humidity = 66.7
|Feb humidity = 65.2
|Mar humidity = 61.6
|Apr humidity = 61.2
|May humidity = 69.1
|Jun humidity = 69.3
|Jul humidity = 63.6
|Aug humidity = 64.5
|Sep humidity = 70.1
|Oct humidity = 66.4
|Nov humidity = 67.4
|Dec humidity = 68.5
|year humidity = 66.1
|Jan dew point C = -4.7
|Feb dew point C = -2.4
|Mar dew point C = 2.0
|Apr dew point C = 7.7
|May dew point C = 14.1
|Jun dew point C = 18.7
|Jul dew point C = 19.9
|Aug dew point C = 19.2
|Sep dew point C = 16.2
|Oct dew point C = 9.3
|Nov dew point C = 3.2
|Dec dew point C = -2.3
|source 1 = NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web 
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00013968&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL 
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
|title = Station Name: Tulsa INTL AP, OK 
|access-date = December 30, 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240204093655/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00013968&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|archive-date = 2024-02-04}}</ref><ref name = NOWData >{{cite web 
|url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=tsa 
|title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data 
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] 
|access-date = February 1, 2012}}</ref><ref name= noaasun >{{cite web 
|url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72356.TXT 
|title = WMO Climate Normals for TULSA/WSO AP OK 1961–1990 
|access-date = March 11, 2014 
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240204092424/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72356.TXT
|archive-date = 2024-02-04
|url-status = dead
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
}}</ref>
}}
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Tulsa, Oklahoma.tab
| title=Tulsa monthly weather statistics
}}

===August 6, 2017 tornado===
{{main|Tulsa tornadoes of 2017}}
An [[EF2 tornado|EF2]]&nbsp;tornado struck Tulsa early on the morning of Sunday, August&nbsp;6, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/local/squall-lines-and-supercells-its-worth-knowing-the-difference-in-storm-season/article_98f3487b-b3e6-575d-a426-00587876ae44.html|title=Squall lines and supercells: It's worth knowing the difference in storm season|last=Dekker|first=Michael|date=April 12, 2020|website=Tulsa World|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14|quote=The tornado that hit midtown Tulsa on Aug. 6, 2017 — an EF2...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ktul.com/news/local/nws-confirms-tornado-in-midtown|title=NWS confirms EF-2 tornado damage in midtown Tulsa|date=2017-08-06|website=KTUL|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref> The funnel touched down just after 1 A.M. near 36th Street and Harvard Avenue, then traveled in an easterly direction for about six minutes. The heaviest property damage occurred along 41st Street between Yale Avenue and Sheridan Road. Two restaurants, [[TGI Friday's]] and [[Whataburger]], were particularly hard hit, with several people being sent to hospitals for treatment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fox23.com/news/oklahoma/possible-oklahoma-tornado-injures-more-than-a-dozen-1/583390564|title=Rare August tornado sends 30 to hospital in Tulsa; no deaths|last=Miller|first=Ken|date=August 6, 2017|website=Fox23 News|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106185907/http://www.fox23.com/news/oklahoma/possible-oklahoma-tornado-injures-more-than-a-dozen-1/583390564|archive-date=November 6, 2018|access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref> The Whataburger was later bulldozed, and rebuilt in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fox23.com/news/whataburger-reopens-nearly-2-years-after-tulsa-tornado/971026901/|title=Whataburger reopens nearly 2 years after Tulsa tornado|last=Gammon|first=Josh|date=July 29, 2019|website=KOKI|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Tulsa}}

{{US Census population
| 1900 = 1390
| 1910 = 18182
| 1920 = 72075
| 1930 = 141258
| 1940 = 142157
| 1950 = 182740
| 1960 = 261685
| 1970 = 331638
| 1980 = 360919
| 1990 = 367302
| 2000 = 393049
| 2010 = 391906
| 2020 = 413066
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 415154
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="QuickFactsJuly12019">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/tulsacityoklahoma/PST045219|title=QuickFacts: Tulsa city, Oklahoma - 2019|date=July 1, 2019}}</ref><ref name="QuickFacts"/>
}}
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Tulsa (5560454596).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Tulsa, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Tulsa, Oklahoma – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Tulsa city, Oklahoma |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4075000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tulsa city, Oklahoma |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4075000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Tulsa city, Oklahoma |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4075000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|263,782
|227,021
|style='background: #ffffe6; |200,257
|67.11%
|57.93%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |48.48%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|60,297
|61,230
|style='background: #ffffe6; |60,505
|15.34%
|15.62%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |14.65%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|18,005
|19,473
|style='background: #ffffe6; |18,975
|4.58%
|4.97%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.59%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|7,096
|8,926
|style='background: #ffffe6; |14,157
|1.81%
|2.28%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |3.43%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|165
|278
|style='background: #ffffe6; |857
|0.04%
|0.07%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.21%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|458
|473
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,548
|0.12%
|0.12%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.37%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|15,135
|19,239
|style='background: #ffffe6; |37,710
|3.85%
|4.91%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |9.13%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|28,111
|55,266
|style='background: #ffffe6; |79,057
|7.15%
|14.10%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |19.14%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''393,049'''
|'''391,906'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''413,066'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}
The most reported ancestries in 2020 were:<ref>{{cite web |title=TOTAL POPULATION |url=https://data.census.gov/table?t=-06:-1000E:-3000F:-4000G:-5000K:-7000E:-8000B&g=160XX00US4075000&d=DEC+Detailed+Demographic+and+Housing+Characteristics+File+A |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>
* [[English people|English]] (15.4%)
* [[Mexicans|Mexican]] (14.3%)
* [[Germans|German]] (11.6%)
* [[Irish people|Irish]] (11.1%)
* [[African Americans|African American]] (10.4%)
* [[Cherokees|Cherokee]] (4.8%)
* [[Scottish people|Scottish]] (3.1%)
* [[Italians|Italian]] (1.9%)
* [[French people|French]] (1.9%)
* [[The Muscogee (Creek) Nation]] (1.8%)

===2010 census===
According to the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], Tulsa had a population of 391,906 and the racial and ethnic composition was as follows:<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/> [[White American]]: 62.6% (57.9% [[Non-Hispanic Whites]]);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/OKtab.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.census.gov |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918051946/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/OKtab.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Black-Americans|Black]], 15.6%; [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race), 14.1% (11.5% [[Mexican American|Mexican]], 0.4% [[Puerto Ricans in the United States|Puerto Rican]], 0.3% [[Guatemalan American|Guatemalan]], 0.2% [[Spanish American|Spanish]], 0.2% [[Honduran American|Honduran]], 0.2% [[Salvadoran American|Salvadoran]]); some other race, 8.0%; [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]], 5.9%; [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 5.3%; [[Asian American]], 2.3% (0.5% [[Hmong American|Hmong]], 0.4% [[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]], 0.3% [[Chinese American|Chinese]], 0.2% [[Indian American|Indian]], 0.2% [[Korean American|Korean]], 0.2% [[Burmese American|Burmese]]); and [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]]: 0.1%. In the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], its population increased to 413,066.

As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], there were 391,906 people, 163,975 households, and 95,246 families residing in the city, with a population density of {{convert| 2033.4 |PD/sqmi}} There were 185,127 housing units at an average density of {{convert|982.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. Of 163,975 households, 27% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. Of all households, 34.5% are made up of only one person, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 people and the average family size was 3.04.<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref>

In the city proper, the age distribution was 24.8% of the population under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older, while the median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males, while for every 100 females over the age of 17 there were 90.4 males. In 2011, the median income for a household in the city was $40,268 and the median income for a family was $51,977. The per capita income for the city was $26,727. About 19.4% of the population were below the poverty line.<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/> Of the city's population over the age of 25, 29.8% holds a bachelor's degree or higher, and 86.5% have a high school diploma or [[General Educational Development|equivalent]].<ref name="wwwcensusgov"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/4075000.html |title=Tulsa (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov |access-date=June 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322080208/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/4075000.html |archive-date=March 22, 2009  }}</ref>

===Metropolitan area===
[[File:Tulsa Metro.svg|thumb|right|The Tulsa MSA's location (red) in the state of Oklahoma with the Tulsa-Bartlesville CSA (pink)]]
{{Main|Tulsa Metropolitan Area}}
The Tulsa [[Metropolitan Area|metropolitan area]], or the region immediately surrounding Tulsa with strong social and economic ties to the city,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_metro.htm| title=State and County Quickfacts – Metropolitan Statistical Area| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=July 15, 2007| archive-date=July 11, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711042345/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_metro.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> occupies a large portion of the state's northeastern quadrant. It is informally known as "[[Green Country]]", a longstanding name adopted by the state's official tourism designation for all of northeastern Oklahoma (its usage concerning the Tulsa Metropolitan Area can be traced to the early part of the 20th century).<ref name="Green Country Reborn">{{cite news | date=September 15, 2003 |url=http://www.tulsatoday.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=421&Itemid=2 | title=Vision of the Future Now, Part 3| first=David | last=Arnett | publisher=Tulsa Today | access-date=April 21, 2007}}</ref>

The [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] defines the sphere of the city's influence as the Tulsa [[Metropolitan Statistical Area|metropolitan statistical area]] (MSA), spanning seven counties: Tulsa, [[Rogers County, Oklahoma|Rogers]], Osage, Wagoner, [[Okmulgee County, Oklahoma|Okmulgee]], [[Pawnee County, Oklahoma|Pawnee]], and [[Creek County, Oklahoma|Creek]]. The 2020 U.S. census shows the Tulsa MSA to have 1,015,331 residents<ref name="metropop13">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/2017/demo/popest/total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html|title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date=June 24, 2016|access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref> The 2020 U.S. census shows the Tulsa-Muscogee-Bartlesville CSA to have 1,134,125 residents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oklahomastudiosearch.com/tulsaapartments.htm|title=Oklahoma Apartments in Oklahoma|publisher=Oklahoma Apartments|access-date=April 29, 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428134848/http://oklahomastudiosearch.com/tulsaapartments.htm|archive-date=April 28, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Metro growth nearing 7 digits">{{cite news|date=April 5, 2007|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070405_1_A1_hThes35833|title=Metro Area growth nearing 7 digits|first=Leigh|last= Bell|newspaper=Tulsa World|access-date=April 13, 2007}}</ref>

===Religion===
Tulsa has a large conservative following, with the majority of Tulsans being Christians. The second-largest religion in Tulsa is Islam, followed by Buddhism and Judaism.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cairoklahoma.com/blog/islam-is-largest-non-christian-religion-in-tulsa-county/|title=Islam is Largest non-Christian Religion in Tulsa County|first=Bill|last=Sherman |date=August 3, 2014 }}</ref>

Tulsa is part of the Southern region demographers and commentators{{who|date=September 2023}} refer to as the "[[Bible Belt]]", where Protestant and, in particular, [[Southern Baptist]] and other [[evangelical]] Christian traditions are very prominent. In fact, Tulsa, home to [[Oral Roberts University]], [[Phillips Theological Seminary]], and [[RHEMA Bible Training Center|RHEMA Bible Training College]] (in the suburb of [[Broken Arrow, Oklahoma|Broken Arrow]]), is sometimes called the "[[Bible Belt#Buckle|buckle of the Bible Belt]]".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newvoices.org/cgi-bin/articlepage.cgi?id=672 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070121104922/http://www.newvoices.org/cgi-bin/articlepage.cgi?id=672 | archive-date=January 21, 2007 | title=Jewish Life in the Bible Belt| first=Thursday | last=Bram | publisher=New Voices Magazine| access-date=August 5, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=April 29, 2007 |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-162762471.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910074711/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-162762471.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 10, 2016 |title=Minister's book plunges into cultural issues |first=Bill |last=Sherman |work=Tulsa World |access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref> Tulsa is also home to a number of vibrant [[Mainline Protestant]] congregations. Some of these congregations were founded during the oil boom of the early twentieth century and are noted for striking architecture, such as the art deco [[Boston Avenue Methodist Church]] and [[First Presbyterian Church (Tulsa)|First Presbyterian Church of Tulsa]]. The metropolitan area has at least four religious radio stations ([[KCFO]], [[KNYD]], [[KXOJ-FM|KXOJ]], & [[KPIM-LP|KPIM]]), and at least two religious TV stations ([[KWHB]] & [[KGEB]]).

While the state of Oklahoma has fewer Roman Catholics than the national average,<ref name="religion2">{{cite web | url= http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/| title=U.S. Religious Landscapes Survey| publisher=The Pew Forum on Religion and Life| access-date=January 30, 2019}}</ref> [[Holy Family Cathedral in Tulsa|Holy Family Cathedral]] serves as the Cathedral for the Diocese of Tulsa.

Tulsa is also home to the largest Jewish community in Oklahoma, with active Reform, Conservative and Orthodox congregations.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shevitz|first1=Amy Hill|title=Jews|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=JE009|website=Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History|publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> Tulsa's [[Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art]] offers the largest collection of Judaica in the South-Central and Southwestern United States.

Tulsa is also home to the progressive [[All Souls Unitarian Church]], reportedly the largest [[Unitarian Universalist]] congregation in the United States.<ref name="French">Kimberly French, [http://www.uuworld.org/life/articles/145503.shtml "The gospel of inclusion: A black Pentecostal bishop embraces Universalism, befriends a Unitarian minister, and shakes up the largest congregation in the UUA."] ''UU World'', Fall 2009.</ref><ref name="Madison">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180909184906/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-111662143.html "Biggest in the U.S.: That Now Describes The First Unitarian Society Of Madison, And In 15 Years It Has Doubled To 1,300 Members"], ''[[Wisconsin State Journal]]'', December 26, 2003.</ref><ref>[http://swuuc.org/pages/about-us/our-history.php "A Brief History of the Southwestern Unitarian Universalist Conference"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821154502/http://www.swuuc.org/pages/about-us/our-history.php |date=August 21, 2016 }} at Southwestern Unitarian Universalist Conference website (retrieved July 17, 2009).</ref>

Chùa Tam Bào (Vietnamese: "Three Jewels Temple"), then Oklahoma's only Buddhist temple, was established in east Tulsa in 1993 by Vietnamese refugees. A {{Convert|57|ft|m|-tall|adj=mid}} granite statue of Quan Âm  (commonly known by her Chinese name, [[Guanyin]]) is located in the grounds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thislandpress.com/2015/09/02/tulsas-temple-of-the-three-jewels/|title=Tulsa's Temple of the Three Jewels {{!}} This Land Press - Made by You and Me|website=thislandpress.com|access-date=2020-01-01}}</ref>

===Crime rate===
{{Infobox UCR
|city_name= Tulsa
|year= 2017
|homicide= 17.29
|rape= 104.48
|robbery= 238.10
|aggravated_assault= 680.96
|violent_crime= 1,040.83
|burglary= 1,376.75
|larceny_theft= 3,224.26
|motor_vehicle_theft= 854.60
|arson= 35.57
|property_crime= 5,455.61
|source_url= https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/table-8/table-8-state-cuts/oklahoma.xls
|source_name= 2017 FBI UCR Data
|notes= 2017 population: 404,868
}}

Tulsa experienced elevated levels of gang violence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when [[crack cocaine]] flooded neighborhoods in North Tulsa. Tulsa gang problems became noticeable after an outbreak of gang-related crime between 1980 and 1983, which was traced to the Crips, a local gang which had been founded by two brothers whose family had recently moved to Oklahoma from [[Compton, California|Compton]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/05/us/wider-pattern-of-gang-violence-seen.html?pagewanted=all |title=Wider Pattern Of Gang Violence Seen |work=The New York Times |date=November 5, 1986 |access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> In 1986, gang graffiti started to show up on walls and drive-by shootings started occurring on late nights.<ref>{{cite web|author=Griff Palmer |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1986/08/17/street-gang-rumors-surface-in-tulsa/62717757007/ |title=Street Gang Rumors Surface in Tulsa |work=The Oklahoman |date=August 17, 1986 |access-date=June 7, 2022}}</ref>  In 1990 the city hit a record of 60 homicides, the highest since the 1981 peak.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tim Barker |url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/city-homicide-mark-lives-on-deaths-in-short-of-record/article_e993ebab-cfa7-531d-8a95-f3d01228cfbb.html |title=City Homicide Mark Lives On |work=tulsaworld.com |date=January 2, 1991 |access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> North Tulsa has the highest crime rate in the city, with public housing projects being the most heavily affected areas.,<ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Casteel |url= https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1991/07/07/tulsa-housing-projects-symbols-of-scandals/62523211007/ |title=Tulsa Housing Projects Symbols of Scandals |work=The Oklahoman |date=July 7, 1991 |access-date=June 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Anthony Thornton |url= https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1988/12/11/tenants-of-tulsa-complex-fear-thought-of-relocating/62630416007/ |title=Tenants of Tulsa Complex Fear Thought of Relocating |work=The Oklahoman |date=December 11, 1988 |access-date=June 7, 2022}}</ref> the [[Broken Arrow murders]] took place on July 22, 2015, when five members of the Bever family were murdered in [[Broken Arrow, Oklahoma]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/five-dead-broken-arrow-oklahoma-two-teens-detained-n396961|title=Five Found Dead in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma; Two Teen Relatives Detained|first=Alexander|last=Smith|work=NBC News|date=July 23, 2015}}</ref> the attackers were identified as 18 year-old Robert Bever and 16 year-old Michael Bever.<ref name="tulsaworld72515">{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Vicent|last2=Corey|first2=Samantha|date=July 25, 2015|title=Girl, 13, who survived Broken Arrow stabbings named brothers as assailants in quintuple homicide|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/crimewatch/girl-who-survived-broken-arrow-stabbings-named-brothers-as-assailants/article_63975ee4-26e7-5742-b220-15dfe9e351ba.html|work=[[Tulsa World]]|access-date=July 25, 2015}}</ref> On June 1, 2022, a [[Warren Clinic shooting|mass shooting]] occurred in a medical center, killing at least 4 people, including the perpetrator.<ref>{{Cite web |title=4 killed in shooting at medical building in Tulsa, Oklahoma; suspected shooter dead, police say |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/3-killed-in-shooting-at-medical-building-in-tulsa-oklahoma-suspected-shooter-dead-authorities-say/ar-AAXYW6h |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=MSN}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{See also|List of companies based in Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[File:The BOK Building.jpg|thumb|upright|The BOK Tower serves as the world headquarters for Williams Companies.]]

===Energy industry's legacy and resurgence===
The [[United States Oil and Gas Association]] was founded in Tulsa on October 13, 1917.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usoga.org/en/about_us/history/|title=A Brief History|publisher=usoga.org|access-date=May 26, 2014|archive-date=May 28, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528010746/https://www.usoga.org/en/about_us/history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Over the city's history many large oil companies have been headquartered in the city, including Warren Petroleum (which merged with [[Gulf Oil]] in what was then the largest merger in the energy industry), [[Skelly Oil]], [[Getty Oil]] and [[CITGO]]. In addition, [[ConocoPhillips]] was headquartered in nearby [[Bartlesville]]. Industry consolidation and increased offshore drilling threatened Tulsa's status as an oil capital, but new drilling techniques and the rise of natural gas have buoyed the growth of the city's energy sector.

Today, Tulsa is again home to the headquarters of many international oil- and gas-related companies, including [[Williams Companies]], [[ONE Gas]], [[Syntroleum]], [[ONEOK]], [[Laredo Petroleum]], Samson Resources, [[Helmerich & Payne]], [[Magellan Midstream Partners]], and Excel Energy.

===Diversification and emerging industries===
Tulsa has diversified to capitalize on its status as a regional hub with substantial innovation assets. Products from Tulsa manufacturers account for about sixty percent of Oklahoma's exports,<ref name="Jobs" /> and in 2001, the city's total [[GDP|gross product]] was in the top one-third of metropolitan areas, states, and countries, with more than {{Nowrap|$29 billion}} in total goods, growing at a rate of {{Nowrap|$250 million}} each year.<ref name="Do Business in Tulsa">{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/general.asp?id=22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720005215/http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/general.asp?id=22 | archive-date=July 20, 2007| title=About Tulsa | publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber | access-date=April 27, 2007}}</ref>

Tulsa's primary employers are small and medium-sized businesses: there are 30 companies in Tulsa that employ more than 1,000 people locally,<ref name="Tulsa's Largest Employers">{{cite web | url=http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/upload/2007%20Tulsa%20OK%20Largest%20Employers%20List.doc | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116131230/http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/upload/2007%20Tulsa%20OK%20Largest%20Employers%20List.doc | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 16, 2006 | title=Tulsa's Largest Employers| publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber | pages=3–5 | access-date=April 27, 2006|format=DOC}}</ref> and small businesses make up more than 80% of the city's companies.<ref name="Small Business Awards">{{cite web | date=May 14, 2006 | url=http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/nlarchive2.asp?nlid=131 | title=Small Business Awards to honor Tulsa area business leaders | publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber | access-date=April 27, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116123856/http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/nlarchive2.asp?nlid=131 | archive-date=November 16, 2006 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

During a national recession from 2001 to 2003, the city lost 28,000 jobs.<ref name="Jobs">{{cite news | date=January 25, 2007 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=070125_Bu_E1_Jobga5510 | title=Job gains make 2006 record year | first=Laurie| last=Winslow | newspaper=[[Tulsa World]] | access-date=June 30, 2007}}</ref> In response, a development initiative, [[Vision 2025]], promised to incite economic growth and recreate lost jobs. Projects spurred by the initiative promised urban revitalization, infrastructure improvement, tourism development, riverfront retail development, and further diversification of the economy. By 2007, employment levels had surpassed pre-recession heights<ref name="Jobs" /><ref name="OSU Economic Report - Tulsa">{{cite web | year=2006 | url=http://economy.okstate.edu/outlook/2006/2006%20Oklahoma%20Economic%20Outlook%20-%20Tulsa.pdf | title=2006 Oklahoma Economic Outlook| work=Oklahoma State University | publisher=Center for Applied Economic Research | page=1 | access-date=April 14, 2007}}</ref> and the city was in a significant economic development and investment surge.<ref name="Globe Street Retail">{{cite news | date=June 11, 2006 | url=http://www.globest.com/retail/news/midwest/20483-1.html | title=Cap Rates Turning More Investors Onto Tulsa | first=Connie | last=Gore | publisher=Globest.com | access-date=July 23, 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021617/http://www.globest.com/retail/news/midwest/20483-1.html |archive-date = September 28, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> This economic improvement is also seen in Tulsa's housing trends which show an average of a 6% increase in rent in 2010.<ref name="name">{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsatoday.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1723:average-tulsa-apartment-rents-improve&catid=56:business&Itemid=110|title=Tulsa Today: Average Tulsa Apartment Rents Improve|access-date = October 27, 2010 }}</ref> Since 2006, more than 28,000 jobs have been added to the city. The unemployment rate of Tulsa in August 2014 was 4.5%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.growmetrotulsa.com/general/934/phase-one-accomplishments |title=GrowMetroTulsa.com |publisher=GrowMetroTulsa.com |access-date=June 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730082609/http://www.growmetrotulsa.com/general/934/phase-one-accomplishments |archive-date=July 30, 2013  }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?subjectid=48&articleid=20130204_48_0_TheTul553437 |title=Tulsa's Future program announces near-record 907 jobs in January |newspaper=Tulsa World |date=February 4, 2013 |access-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref>

Though the oil industry has historically dominated Tulsa's economy, efforts in economic diversification have created a base in the sectors of [[aerospace]], finance, technology, telecommunications, [[high tech]], and manufacturing.<ref name="Work in Tulsa" /> A number of substantial financial corporations are headquartered in Tulsa, the largest being the [[BOK Financial Corporation]]. Among these financial services firms are energy trading operations, asset management firms, investment funds, and a range of commercial banks. The national convenience store chain [[QuikTrip]], fast-casual restaurant chain [[Camille's Sidewalk Cafe]], and pizza chain [[Mazzio's]] are all headquartered in Tulsa, as is Southern regional BBQ restaurant [[Rib Crib]]. Tulsa is also home to the [[Marshall Brewing Company]].

Tulsa is also home to a burgeoning media industry, including [[PennWell]], consumer review website [[ConsumerAffairs]], [[Stephens Media Group]], ''[[This Land Press]]'', Educational Development Corporation (the parent publisher of [[Kane/Miller]]), [[GEB America]], Blooming Twig Books, and a full range of local media outlets, including ''[[Tulsa World]]'' and local magazines, radio and television. Tulsa is also a hub for national construction and engineering companies including [[Manhattan Construction Company]] and [[Flintco]]. A number of the [[Cherokee Nation Businesses]] are also headquartered or have substantial operations in Tulsa.

Tulsa's aerospace industry is substantial and growing. An [[American Airlines]] maintenance base at Tulsa International Airport is the city's largest employer and the largest maintenance facility in the world, serving as the airline's global maintenance and engineering headquarters.<ref name="American Airlines">{{cite web|url=http://www.aa.com/content/amrcorp/pressReleases/2005_03/03_tulmebase.jhtml |title=American's TUL Maintenance & Engineering Base Sets Goal to Achieve $500 Million in Revenue, Cost Savings By End of 2006 |publisher=American Airlines |access-date=July 14, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001063528/http://www.aa.com/content/amrcorp/pressReleases/2005_03/03_tulmebase.jhtml |archive-date=October 1, 2005  }}</ref>  American Airlines announced in February, 2020 that it will pour $550 million over seven years into its maintenance base, this being the largest single economic development investment in city history.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.oklahomarailwaymuseum.org/plan-your-visit/exhibits-grounds/equipment/locomotives/okrx-814-emd-f9a/| title= American Airlines to invest $550 million to improve, expand Tulsa maintenance facility| publisher= Rhett Morgan, Tulsa World, February 28, 2020| access-date=February 28, 2020}}</ref>  The [[Tulsa Ports|Tulsa Port of Catoosa]] and the Tulsa International Airport house extensive transit-focused industrial parks.<ref name="Port of Catoosa">{{cite web | url=http://catoosachamber.tripod.com/community.html| title=Tulsa Port of Catoosa | publisher=Catoosa Chamber of Commerce | access-date=July 14, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071119005846/http://catoosachamber.tripod.com/community.html |archive-date = November 19, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Tulsa International Airport" /> Tulsa is also home to a division of [[Lufthansa]], the headquarters of [[Omni Air International]], and the [[Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology]].

Tulsa is also part of the Oklahoma-South Kansas Unmanned Aerial Systems ([[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]]) industry cluster, a region which awarded funding by the U.S. [[Small Business Administration]] to build on its progress as a hub this emerging industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oklahoma South Kansas UAS cluster|url=https://uascluster.com/|access-date=July 11, 2016}}</ref>

As the second largest metropolitan area in Oklahoma and a hub for the growing [[Northeastern Oklahoma]]-[[Northwest Arkansas]]-[[Ozark Plateau|Southwestern Missouri]] corridor, the city is also home to a number of the region's most sophisticated law, accounting, and medical practices. Its location in the center of the nation also makes it a hub for logistics businesses; the [[Tulsa International Airport]] (TUL) and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa, connect the region with international trade and transportation.

[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] recently announced plans to build a more than 600,000-square-foot fulfillment center near Tulsa International Airport. The company will invest an estimated $130 million for this state-of-the-art facility, which will employ around 1,500 people with an annual payroll of roughly $50 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.growmetrotulsa.com/amazon-announces-tulsa-fulfillment-center|title=Amazon announces Tulsa fulfillment center {{!}} Grow Metro Tulsa|website=www.growmetrotulsa.com|language=en|access-date=August 8, 2018|archive-date=August 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808234211/http://www.growmetrotulsa.com/amazon-announces-tulsa-fulfillment-center|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Arts and culture==
Tulsa culture is influenced by the nearby [[Southwestern United States|Southwest]], [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]], and [[Southern United States|Southern]] cultural regions, as well as a historical Native American presence. These influences are expressed in the city's museums, cultural centers, performing arts venues, ethnic festivals, park systems, zoos, wildlife preserves, and large and growing collections of public sculptures, monuments, and artwork.<ref name="Tulsa's Public Art">{{cite web | url=http://ww3.visittulsa.com/general.asp?id=191 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060329203219/http://ww3.visittulsa.com/general.asp?id=191 | archive-date=March 29, 2006| title=Tulsa's Public Art| publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber of Commerce | access-date=May 11, 2006}}</ref>

===Museums, archives and visual culture===
Tulsa is home to several museums. Located in the former villa of [[petroleum|oil]] pioneer [[Waite Phillips]] in Midtown Tulsa, the [[Philbrook Museum of Art]] is considered one of the top 50 [[fine art]] museums in the United States and is one of only five to offer a combination of a historic home, formal gardens, and an art collection.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ww3.visittulsa.com/general.asp?id=149 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060329204055/http://ww3.visittulsa.com/general.asp?id=149 | archive-date=March 29, 2006| title=Philbrook Museum of Art| publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber of Commerce | access-date=April 15, 2006}}</ref> The museum's expansive collection includes work by a diverse group of artists including [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Andrew Wyeth]], [[Giovanni Bellini]], [[Domenico di Pace Beccafumi]], [[Willem de Kooning]], [[William Merritt Chase]], [[Auguste Rodin]] and [[Georgia O'Keeffe]]. 

[[File:Tulsa Botanic Staircase 4-2025 Wikipedia.jpg|thumb|The central staircase up the Tandy Floral Terraces at Tulsa Botanic Garden, April 2025]]
In the [[Osage Hills]] of Northwest Tulsa, the [[Gilcrease Museum]] holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.travelok.com/atv/urban.asp | title=The All-Terrain Vacation | publisher=Travelok.com | access-date=April 12, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410174845/http://www.travelok.com/atv/urban.asp | archive-date=April 10, 2006 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The museum includes the extensive collection of Native American oilman and famed art collector [[Thomas Gilcrease]] with numerous works by [[Frederic Remington]], [[Thomas Moran]], [[Albert Bierstadt]] and [[John James Audubon]] among the many displayed.

The 170-acre [[Tulsa Botanic Garden]] is a public flower garden and arboretum with art works and water features,  also dedicated to preserving the native environment of the [[Cross Timbers]] forest and prairie.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tulsabotanic.org/explore/ |title=Explore the Garden|publisher=Tulsa Botanic Garden|accessdate=April 26, 2025}}</ref>

On the west bank of the Arkansas River in the suburb of [[Jenks, Oklahoma|Jenks]], the [[Oklahoma Aquarium]] is the state's only freestanding aquarium, containing over 200 exhibits, including a shark tank.<ref name="Oklahoma Aquarium">{{cite web |year=2007 |url=http://ww3.visittulsa.com/general.asp?id=183 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060329203745/http://ww3.visittulsa.com/general.asp?id=183 |archive-date=March 29, 2006|title=Oklahoma Aquarium |publisher=Tulsa Convention and Visitors Bureau |access-date=April 20, 2006}}</ref>

In addition, the city hosts a number of galleries, experimental art-spaces, smaller museums, and display spaces located throughout the city (clustered mostly in downtown, Brookside, and the Pearl District). Living Arts of Tulsa, in downtown Tulsa, is among the organizations dedicated to promoting and sustaining an active arts scene in the city.

====Cultural and historical archives====
Opened in April 2013, the [[Woody Guthrie Center]] in the Tulsa Arts District is Tulsa's newest museum and archive. In addition to interactive state-of-the-art museum displays, the [[Woody Guthrie]] Center also houses the Woody Guthrie Archives, containing thousands of Guthrie's personal items, sheet music, manuscripts, books, photos, periodicals, and other items associated with the iconic Oklahoma native.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://woodyguthriecenter.org/ | title=Woody Guthrie Center}}</ref> The archives of Guthrie-protégé, singer-songwriter [[Bob Dylan]] are also displayed at the [[Bob Dylan Center]] which opened May 10, 2022 and houses [[The Bob Dylan Archive]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/bob-dylan-museum-tulsa-ce96d5dab4dbf5f5013da83b2fcc070d | title=How does it f-e-e-e-e-l? Bob Dylan museum opening in Tulsa| website=[[Associated Press News]]| date=May 6, 2022}}</ref>

[[The Church Studio]] is a recording studio and tourist attraction with an archive of more than 5,000 pieces. Constructed in 1915, the church was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] due to musician [[Leon Russell]], who turned the old church into a recording studio and office for [[Shelter Records]] in 1972.

With remnants of the [[Holocaust]] and artifacts relevant to [[Judaism]] in Oklahoma, the [[Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art]] preserves the largest collection of [[Judaism|Judaica]] in the Southwestern and South-Central United States.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jewishmuseum.net/ | title=Sherwin Miller Museum of Judaism | publisher=Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art | access-date=April 20, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226183123/http://www.jewishmuseum.net/ | archive-date=February 26, 2010 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Other museums, such as the Tulsa Historical Society, the [[Tulsa Air and Space Museum & Planetarium]], the [[Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame]], and the Tulsa Geosciences Center, document histories of the region, while the [[Greenwood Cultural Center]] preserves the culture of the city's African American heritage, housing a collection of artifacts and photography that document the history of the [[Greenwood District, Tulsa|Black Wall Street]] before the [[Tulsa Race Massacre]] of 1921.

===Public art===
[[File:Woodward Park.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Cyrus Dallin]]'s ''[[Appeal to the Great Spirit]]'' in [[Woodward Park (Tulsa)|Woodward Park]]]]
Since 1969, public displays of artwork in Tulsa have been funded by one percent of its annual city budget.<ref name="Tulsa's Public Art" /> Each year, a sculpture from a local artist is installed along the Arkansas River trail system, while other sculptures stand at local parks, such as an enlarged version of [[Cyrus Dallin]]'s [[Appeal to the Great Spirit]] sculpture at [[Woodward Park (Tulsa)|Woodward Park]].<ref name="Tulsa's Public Art" /> At the entrance to Oral Roberts University stands a large statue of praying hands, which, at {{convert|60|ft|m}} high, is the largest bronze sculpture in the world.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.roadsideamerica.com/sights/sightstory.php?tip_AttrId=%3D11895 | title=World's Largest Praying Hands | publisher=Roadside America | access-date=May 11, 2007}}</ref> As a testament to the city's oil heritage, the {{convert|76|ft|m|adj=on}} [[Golden Driller]] guards the front entrance to the Tulsa County Fairgrounds.  Tulsa has a number of exhibits related to [[U.S. Route 66]], including The Cyrus Avery Centennial Plaza, located next to the east entrance of the historic [[11th Street Bridge]]. The Plaza contains a giant sculpture weighing {{convert|20000|lb|kg}} and costing $1.178 million<ref>[http://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/sculpture-dedicated-to-cyrus-avery "Sculpture dedicated to Cyrus Avery, the 'Father of Route 66'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714015403/http://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/sculpture-dedicated-to-cyrus-avery |date=July 14, 2015 }}, KJRH. November 9, 2012. Accessed July 6, 2015.</ref> called "East Meets West" of the Avery family riding west in a [[Ford Model T]] meeting an eastbound horse-drawn carriage.<ref name="Barber">Barber, Brian (May 18, 2008), [http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/government/cyrus-avery-plaza-s-construction-nearly-finished/article_3456332a-f152-5fbf-b2ec-6c5bccd7eed6.html?mode=story "Cyrus Avery plaza's construction nearly finished"], ''Tulsa World''. Accessed July 6, 2015.</ref>  At the west end of the bridge, Avery Plaza Southwest, includes replicas of three prominent neon signs from Tulsa-area Route 66 motels from the era, being the Will Rogers Motor Court, Tulsa Auto Court, and the Oil Capital Motel.<ref>{{cite web | url=  https://www.tulsaworld.com/homepagelatest/it-s-a-big-part-of-our-history-city-should/article_d1cf1682-9115-5b96-8dd7-46a0ddd62d8b.html| title= It's a big part of our history: City should resurrect 11th Street bridge over Arkansas River, preservationists say | date= January 29, 2019 | publisher=Kevin Canfield, Tulsa World, January 30, 2019 | access-date=January 30, 2019}}</ref>  Tulsa has also installed "Route 66 Rising", a {{Convert|70 by 30|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} sculpture on the road's eastern approach to town at East Admiral Place and Mingo Road.<ref>John Klein, "Landmark Rises on Route 66", Tulsa World, November 27, 2018.</ref>  In addition, Tulsa has constructed twenty-nine historical markers scattered along the {{Convert|26|mi|km|adj=on}} route of the highway through Tulsa, containing tourist-oriented stories, historical photos, and a map showing the location of historical sites and the other markers.<ref name="Signs" />  The markers are mostly along the highway's post-1932 alignment down 11th Street, with some along the road's 1926 path down Admiral Place.<ref name="Signs">{{cite web|url= https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/local/route66/sign-seeing-route-historical-markers-were-a-long-time-coming/article_a2ed21ce-bdab-57a5-b351-b16e7219105b.html | title= Sign seeing: Route 66 historical markers were 'a long time coming' | date= October 15, 2019 | publisher=Michael Overall, Tulsa World, October 15, 2019|access-date=October 15, 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Golden Driller.jpg|thumb|upright|The iconic Golden Driller, built in 1953 for the 1953 [[International Petroleum Exposition]],<ref name="Golden Driller">{{cite web|url=http://www.bestoftulsa.com/landmarks/golden_driller.shtml |title=Tulsa Landmarks |publisher=Best of Tulsa |access-date=April 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427175226/http://bestoftulsa.com/landmarks/golden_driller.shtml |archive-date=April 27, 2007 }}</ref> now stands at the Tulsa County Fairgrounds.]]

The largest [[augmented reality]] mural in the world, "The Majestic", a {{Convert|15,000|ft2|m2|adj=on}} work which adorns two sides of the Main Park Plaza at 410 S. Main downtown, was completed in October 2021.<ref name=Majestic>{{cite web|url= https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/watch-now-majestic-augmented-reality-mural-unveiled-in-downtown-tulsa-pushes-the-boundaries-of-public/article_2875fe42-2dd8-11ec-8711-57c9f6fb12d6.html |title=Watch Now: 'Majestic' augmented reality mural unveiled in downtown Tulsa, 'pushes the boundaries' of public art|date=October 19, 2021 |publisher= Tim Stanley, Tulsa World, October 19, 2021}}</ref>  The $230,000 project was created by Los Angeles-based artists Ryan "Yanoe" Sarfati and [[Eric Skotnes|Eric "Zoueh" Skotnes]].<ref name=Majestic/>  The mural becomes animated when viewed through a smartphone camera.<ref name=Majestic/>

===Flag===
{{main|Flag of Tulsa}}

The flag of Tulsa is considered one of the most attractive city flags in the United States. In 2023, it became one of two city flags to receive an A+ rating from the North American Vexillological Association.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Savannah Sinclair & Jennifer Maupin, KTUL |date=2023-01-08 |title=Tulsa flag ranks No. 1 in survey by North American Vexillological Association |url=https://ktul.com/news/local/tulsa-flag-ranks-top-25-in-survey-by-north-american-vexillological-association |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=KTUL |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Tulsa City Council]] voted to adopt the new city flag in 2018 following  a campaign from local community.<ref name="Adams">{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Saundra |date=2018-10-03 |title=Tulsa City Council approves vote to adopt new city flag |url=https://ktul.com/news/local/tulsa-city-council-approves-vote-to-adopt-new-city-flag |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=KTUL |language=en}}</ref>  The design incorporates a [[dreamcatcher]] to represent the Tulsa settlement under the [[Creek Council Oak Tree|Council Oak Tree]]. The color [[red]] is meant to represent the people who died in the Tulsa race massacre, the color blue represents the [[Arkansas River]], the gold represents the discovery of "black gold", or oil.<ref name="Adams"/>

===Performing arts, film and cultural venues===
Tulsa contains several permanent dance, theater, and concert groups, including the [[Tulsa Ballet]], the [[Tulsa Opera]], the [[Tulsa Symphony Orchestra]], [[Light Opera Oklahoma]], [[Tulsa Signature Symphony|Signature Symphony]] at TCC, the [[Tulsa Youth Symphony]], the [[Heller Theatre]], [[American Theatre Company]], which is a member of the Theatre Communications Group and Oklahoma's oldest resident professional theatre, and [[Theatre Tulsa]], the oldest continuously operating [[community theatre]] company west of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.theatretulsa.org/history/history.html| title=History of Theatre Tulsa| publisher=Theatre Tulsa| access-date=April 26, 2007| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630030120/http://www.theatretulsa.org/history/history.html| archive-date=June 30, 2007| df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tulsa also houses the Tulsa Spotlight Theater at [[Riverside Studio]], which shows the longest-running play in America ([[The Drunkard]]) every Saturday night. Many of the world's best choreographers have worked with Tulsa Ballet including: [[Leonide Massine]], [[Antony Tudor]], [[Jerome Robbins]], [[George Balanchine]], [[Paul Taylor (choreographer)|Paul Taylor]], [[Kurt Jooss]], [[Nacho Duato]] (ten works), [[Val Caniparoli]] who is its resident choreographer (with seven works and four world premieres), [[Stanton Welch]], [[Young Soon Hue]], [[Ma Cong]], [[Twyla Tharp]] and many others. 
In April 2008, Tulsa Ballet completed an ambitious $17.3 million integrated campaign, which was celebrated at the opening of the brand new Studio K, an on-site, three-hundred-seat performance space dedicated to the creation of new works.

Several concert venues, dance halls, and bars gave rise to the Tulsa music scene, most notably [[Cain's Ballroom]], a world-renounded concert venue considered the birthplace of [[Western Swing]],<ref name="Selling Tulsa">{{cite news|date=July 15, 2006 |url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=060715_Bu_E1_Tulsa51913 |title=Selling Tulsa: Branded |first=John |last=Stancavage |newspaper=[[Tulsa World]] |access-date=April 26, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070811123505/http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=060715_Bu_E1_Tulsa51913 |archive-date=August 11, 2007 }}</ref> housed the performance headquarters of [[Bob Wills]] and the [[Texas Playboys]] during the 1930s. The centerpiece of the downtown Brady Arts District, the [[Brady Theater]], is the largest of the city's five operating performing arts venues that are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="National Register of Historic Places">{{cite web | url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/OK/Tulsa/state.html| title=National Register of Historic Places – Oklahoma, Tulsa | publisher=National Register of Historic Places | access-date=July 14, 2007}}</ref>  Its design features extensive contributions by American architect [[Bruce Goff]].

[[Tulsa Sound]] is a musical genre that blends rockabilly, country, rock 'n' roll, and blues and has inspired local artists like [[J.J. Cale]] and [[Leon Russell]] as well as [[Eric Clapton]] and [[Jesse Ed Davis]]. [[The Church Studio]], located in the Pearl District, is the cultural center for the Tulsa Sound.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Large performing arts complexes include the [[Tulsa Performing Arts Center]], which was designed by [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] architect [[Minoru Yamasaki]], the [[Cox Business Center]], the art deco [[Expo Square Pavilion]], the [[Mabee Center]], the Tulsa Performing Arts Center for Education, and the River Parks Amphitheater and Tulsa's largest venue, the BOK Center. Ten miles west of the city, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" holds the official title of the world performance headquarters for the musical ''[[Oklahoma!]].''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://discoverylandusa.com/awards.shtml |title=Honors and Awards |publisher=Discoveryland! |access-date=April 26, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405010705/http://www.discoverylandusa.com/awards.shtml |archive-date=April 5, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Tulsa's only non-profit arthouse, [[Circle Cinema]], stands as the central hub for the city's film community. It supports the annual Circle Cinema Film Festival and has served as a Satellite Screen for the 2021 [[Sundance Film Festival]]. It's [[walk of fame]] features famous actors and filmmakers such as [[Ron Howard]], [[Bill Hader]], [[Kristin Chenoweth]], and [[Sterlin Harjo]].

===Outdoor attractions===
{{See also|List of festivals and events in Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[File:Tommso.jpg|thumb|The river parks trail system traverses the banks of the Arkansas River.]]

[[Tulsa Zoo]] encompasses a total of {{convert|84|acre|ha}} with over 2,600 animals representing 400 species.<ref name="Zoo History">{{cite web |year=2007 |url=http://www.tulsazoo.org/general.asp?id=97 |title=Zoo History |publisher=Tulsa Zoo and Living Museum |access-date=April 25, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928072514/http://www.tulsazoo.org/general.asp?id=97 |archive-date=September 28, 2006 }}</ref> The zoo is located in {{convert|2820|acre|ha|adj=on}} Mohawk Park (the third largest municipal park in the United States) which also contains the {{convert|745|acre|ha|adj=on}} Oxley Nature Center.<ref name="Mowhawk Park - 3rd Largest" /><ref name="Save Mohawk Park">{{cite web |date=April 7, 2007 |url=http://www.tulsaaudubon.org/mohawk/savemohawkpark.htm |title=December 2005 Revision to Master Plan Proposal |publisher=Tulsa Audubon Society |access-date=April 25, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112154202/http://www.tulsaaudubon.org/mohawk/savemohawkpark.htm |archive-date=January 12, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Tulsa State Fair]], operating in late September and early October, attracts over one million people during its 10-day run.<ref>{{cite web |year=2006 |url=http://www.tulsastatefair.com/attendance.html |title=2005 Tulsa State Fair Stats Preliminary Numbers |publisher=Tulsa State Fair |access-date=April 15, 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061023072445/http://www.tulsastatefair.com/attendance.html |archive-date=October 23, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> A number of other cultural heritage festivals are held in the city throughout the year, including the Intertribal Indian Club Powwow of Champions in August; Scotfest, India Fest, Greek Festival, and Festival Viva Mexico in September; ShalomFest in October; Dia de Los Muertos Art Festival in November; and the Asian-American Festival in May. The annual Mayfest arts and crafts festival held downtown was estimated to have drawn more than 365,000 people in its four-day run in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |date=May 21, 2007 |first=Leigh |last=Bell |title=Weather, crowd holds up until end of Mayfest |newspaper=Tulsa World |url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20120521_11_A8_CUTLIN488807|access-date=September 4, 2012}}</ref> On a smaller scale, the city hosts block parties during a citywide "Block Party Day" each year, with festivals varying in size throughout city neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web |year=2005 |url=http://www.cityoftulsa.org/Community/Neighborhoods/ |title=Mayor's Office for Neighborhood |publisher=City of Tulsa |access-date=May 21, 2007}}</ref> Tulsa has one major amusement park attraction, Paradise Beach Waterpark<ref>{{cite news|last=Rivas |first=Kaitlyn |url=https://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/safari-joes-h20-under-new-ownership |title=Safari Joe's H20 under new ownership |date=January 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125011448/https://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/safari-joes-h20-under-new-ownership |archive-date=January 25, 2023 |url-status=live |website=www.kjrh.com}}</ref> (formerly Safari Joe's H2O Water Park, formerly Big Splash Water Park), featuring multi-story water slides and large wave pools. Until 2006, the city also hosted [[Bell's Amusement Park]], which closed after Tulsa County officials declined to renew its lease agreement.<ref name="Rides disappearing at Bells">{{cite news |date=January 27, 2007 |url=http://kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=118983 |title=Rides disappearing at Bells |publisher=KOTV |access-date=April 15, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715124635/http://www.kotv.com/news/local/story/?id=118983|archive-date=July 15, 2007}}</ref>

===Music===
Western Swing, a musical genre with roots in [[country music]], was made popular at Tulsa's Cain's Ballroom. [[The Tulsa Sound]], a variation of country, blues, [[rockabilly]], [[blues rock]], [[swamp rock]] and [[rock 'n' roll]], was started and largely developed by local musicians [[J. J. Cale]] and [[Leon Russell]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/leon-russell-mn0000816387 |title=Leon Russell |access-date=22 November 2022|website=AllMusic}}</ref> in the 1960s and 1970s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsatoday.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=849&Itemid=2 | first=Jim|last=Downing| title=Tulsa Rocks Part Two: The Tulsa Sound | date=January 2006 | work=Tulsa Today | access-date=June 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417170959/http://www.tulsatoday.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=849&Itemid=2 |archive-date=Apr 17, 2008 }}</ref> Musicians from Tulsa or who started their musical careers in Tulsa include [[Elvin Bishop]],<ref>{{cite web|access-date=21 November 2022|first1=Mark|last1=Deming|title=Elvin Bishop Biography|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/elvin-bishop-mn0000796736/biography|website=AllMusic}}</ref> [[Jim Keltner]],  [[David Gates]], [[Dwight Twilley]], [[Jesse Ed Davis]], [[Garth Brooks]], [[The Gap Band]], [[St. Vincent (musician)|St. Vincent]], [[Clyde Stacy]], [[Flash Terry]], [[Hanson (band)|Hanson]], [[Gus Hardin]], [[Jeff Carson]], [[Ronnie Dunn]], [[Jamie Oldaker]], [[Bob Wills]],<ref>{{cite web | title=Tulsa Musicians | url=http://www.tulsalibrary.org/research/tulsa/musicians.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314204158/http://www.tulsalibrary.org/research/tulsa/musicians.htm | archive-date=March 14, 2007 | access-date=April 29, 2007 | publisher=Tulsa City-County Library }}</ref> [[David Cook (singer)|David Cook]],<ref>{{cite news | title=David Cook: Back in Blue Springs| url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=20080510_238_A1_hrpCa40734 | date=May 10, 2008|access-date=May 25, 2008 | work=[[Tulsa World]] | author=Cary Aspinwall |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514134835/http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=20080510_238_A1_hrpCa40734 |archive-date=May 14, 2008 }}</ref> [[Broncho (band)|Broncho]], [[Jacob Sartorius]], [[Tyson Meade]], [[John Moreland]], [[John Calvin Abney]], [[Kristin Chenoweth]], [[JD McPherson]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/scene/article.aspx?subjectid=269&articleid=20121223_269_D1_CUTLIN480644 |title=2012 good for Oklahoma's musicians |work=Tulsa World |date=December 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223114437/http://www.tulsaworld.com/scene/article.aspx?subjectid=269&articleid=20121223_269_D1_CUTLIN480644 |archive-date=Dec 23, 2012 |first1=Jennifer |last1=Chancellor |access-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref>  and [[Wilderado]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tulsa-born St. Vincent performed solo at Brady Theater but she's far from alone |url=https://oklahoman.com/article/5585096/tulsa-born-st.-vincent-performed-solo-at-brady-theater-but-shes-far-from-alone |website=The Oklahoman |first1=Nathan |last1=Poppe |date=2 March 2018}}</ref>  The heart of the [[Tulsa sound|Tulsa Sound]] can be found at [[The Church Studios|The Church Studio.]]
[[AleXa]] a representative from Tulsa won [[American Song Contest]].

===Public libraries===
The largest library system in the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, the [[Tulsa City-County Library]], contains over {{Nowrap|1.7 million}} volumes in 25 library facilities.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsalibrary.org/about/| title=About the Library | publisher=Tulsa City-County Library | access-date=April 15, 2006}}</ref> The library is active in the community, holding events and programs at most branches, including free computer classes, children's storytimes, business and job assistance, and scholarly databases with information on a variety of topics.<ref name="About the Tulsa Library System" /> The [[University of Tulsa#Campus|McFarlin Library]] at the University of Tulsa is a [[federal depository library program|federal depository library]] holding over three million items.<ref name="McFarlin Library">{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://www.utulsa.edu/admission/campus/mcfarlin/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060906180453/http://www.utulsa.edu/admission/campus/mcfarlin/ | archive-date=September 6, 2006| title=McFarlin Library | publisher=[[University of Tulsa]]| access-date=April 28, 2006}}</ref> Founded in 1930, the library is known for its collection of Native American works and the original works of Irish author [[James Joyce]].<ref name="McFarlin Library" /> The Tulsa City-County Library and the University of Tulsa's Law Library are also federal depository libraries, making Tulsa the only city in Oklahoma with more than two federal depository libraries.<ref name="Depository Libraries">{{cite web| date=June 6, 2005| url=http://www.library.okstate.edu/Govdocs/depos.htm| title=Depository Libraries| publisher=Oklahoma State University| access-date=April 28, 2006| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503060607/http://www.library.okstate.edu/govdocs/depos.htm| archive-date=May 3, 2006| df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Tulsa City County Library's Downtown branch was massively renovated and opened to the public on Saturday, October 1, 2016.

==Cuisine==
Tulsa restaurants and food trucks offer a number of cuisines, but several cuisines are particularly prominent in its culinary landscape because of its distinctive history.

===BBQ===
Tulsa is known nationally for its barbecue offerings; its barbecue reflects its midpoint location "between pig country and cow country", that is, in the transition zone between the South and the West.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Martino|first1=Justin|title=The Heartland of BBQ|url=http://www.okmag.com/blog/2016/05/26/the-heartland-of-bbq/|access-date=August 14, 2016|work=Oklahoma Magazine|date=May 26, 2016|quote="We’re right in the heartland," says Nick Corcoran, pit master at Burn Co. Barbeque in Tulsa. "We’re right between pig country and cow country, so we get the best of both worlds. We’re also right between Kansas and Texas, two known barbecue meccas as well, so we get a melding of those two pots."|archive-date=August 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807135058/http://www.okmag.com/blog/2016/05/26/the-heartland-of-bbq/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city's barbecue is also helped by its geography; the wood used in barbecuing is abundant in Northeastern Oklahoma (including [[pecan]], [[oak]], [[hickory]], [[mesquite]] and [[maple]]). The region's ethnic diversity is felt, too: its BBQ traditions bear the influences of white, African-American and American Indian foodways.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=Linda D.|title=Barbecue|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entryname=BARBECUE|website=Oklahoma Historical Society|access-date= August 14, 2016}}</ref>
Tulsa is also home to the nationally acclaimed premium smoker manufacturer Hasty-Bake Company. Some Tulsa based barbecue joints have expanded even beyond the state's borders, including Leon's Smoke Shack, [[Rib Crib]] and [[Billy Sims Barbecue]]. The prize-winning [[Oklahoma Joe's]] was founded by Oklahoman Joe Davidson, who mastered his craft at Tulsa's T-Town BBQ Cook-Off.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vaughn|first1=Daniel|url=http://www.tmbbq.com/interview-joe-davidson-of-oklahoma-joes-bar-b-cue/|title=Texas Monthly BBQ|access-date=August 14, 2016|date=May 28, 2014}}</ref>

Oklahoma barbecue is also unique in its emphasis on hickory-smoked [[barbecue bologna]], nicknamed "Oklahoma tenderloin", and its [[fried okra]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Davis|first1=Ardie|title=Barbecue 'Oklahoma Tenderloin' hard to find in KC — that's no baloney|url=http://www.kansascity.com/living/liv-columns-blogs/chow-town/article337138/Barbecue-%E2%80%98Oklahoma-Tenderloin%E2%80%99-hard-to-find-in-KC-%E2%80%94-that%E2%80%99s-no-baloney.html|access-date=August 17, 2016|work=The Kansas City Star|date=January 23, 2014}}</ref>

===Lebanese steakhouses===
Lebanese steakhouses were once numerous in the region stretching from [[Bristow, Oklahoma]] to Tulsa, but now mostly exist in the Tulsa region.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schallner|first1=Nancy|title=Lebanese Steakhouses|url=http://www.tulsagal.net/2010/09/lebanese-steakhouses.html|website=Tulsa Gal|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> These restaurants were founded by [[Syrian Americans|Syrian]] and [[Lebanese Americans|Lebanese]] families who immigrated to Oklahoma before statehood.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gainey|first1=Spencer Livingston|title=BBQ bologna: Oklahoma's legendary Lebanese steakhouses|url=https://nondoc.com/2015/12/08/lebanese-steakhouses-its-just-different/|access-date=August 14, 2016|work=NON DOC|date= December 8, 2015}}</ref>  Traditionally, many of these restaurants had live entertainment (including performers like [[Ella Fitzgerald]] and the [[Ink Spots]]) and featured Mediterranean dishes like [[tabbouleh]], rice [[pilaf]] and [[hummus]] alongside local favorites like smoked BBQ [[Bologna sausage|bologna]].

===Chili and Coney Island hot dogs===
Oklahomans have been consuming chili since well before statehood, owing to the influence of [[Mexican-American]] culture on the state.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Everett|first1=Dianna |title=Chili|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entryname=CHILI|website=Oklahoma Historical Society|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> In 1910, iconic Tulsa restaurant Ike's Chili Parlor opened and Ivan "Ike" Johnson is purported to have acquired his recipe from a Latino-Texan named Alex Garcia.

Greek immigrants to Tulsa who came by way of [[Brooklyn]], [[Pennsylvania]] and [[Michigan]] brought with them the tradition of [[Coney Island hot dog|Coney Island-style hot dogs]] with chili on a bun.<ref name="cauthron">{{cite web | url=https://www.questia.com/newspaper/1P2-2179765/one-hot-dog-how-tulsa-became-a-coney-town | title=One Hot Dog: How Tulsa Became a Coney Town | access-date=July 26, 2015 | author=Cauthron, Matt}}</ref>  Today, a related group of [[Greek-American]] families operate Coney restaurants around the city, including [[Coney I-Lander]] which opened in 1926 and was described by food writers [[Jane and Michael Stern]] as perfectly delivering "the cheap-eats ecstasy that is the Coney's soul".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stern|first1=Jane|last2=Stern|first2=Michael|title=500 Things to Eat Before it's Too Late:and the Very Best Places to Eat Them|date=2009|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-547-05907-5}}</ref>  Many of these restaurants sell Greek food, either year round or at Tulsa's annual Greek Holiday, sponsored by Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church (which dates to 1925).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Everett|first1=Dianna |title=HOLY TRINITY GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH (Tulsa).|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=HO019|website=Oklahoma Historical Society|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref>

===Southern "homestyle" food===
By and large, Tulsa's traditional cuisine reflects the influence of Southern foodways, particularly "upland South and... Texas where many of Oklahoma's nineteenth-century population originated."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Everett|first1=Dianna|title=State Meal|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=ST023|website=Oklahoma Historical Society|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> The prominence of certain foods reflects the agricultural heritage of the surrounding regions. For instance, at the suggestion of experts at what is now [[Oklahoma State University]], peanuts became a major crop in now eastern Oklahoma as a means for lessening the reliance on cotton cultivation.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Everett|first1=Dianna|title=Peanuts|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=PE002|website=Oklahoma Historical Society|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> [[Chicken-fried steak]] is part of the state meal of Oklahoma and is the signature dish at a number of Tulsa restaurants.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cherry|first1=Scott|last2=Watts|first2=James|title=Where, why and how: 5 great chicken-fried steaks at area eateries|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/scene/food/where-why-and-how-great-chicken-fried-steaks-at-area/article_20e8bb1b-5e10-571d-b64a-cd98aa2561ca.html|access-date=August 14, 2016|work=Tulsa World|date=May 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Weaver|first1=Bobby|title=Chicken-Fried Steak|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entryname=CHICKEN-FRIED%20STEAK|website=Oklahoma Historical Society|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref>

===Wild onion dinner===
The [[wild onion dinner]] is a festive gathering that originated with the [[Southeastern tribes]] which call Eastern Oklahoma home. The meals often feature [[wild onion]], [[pork]], [[frybread]], [[corn bread]], [[Pokeweed|Poke salad]] and a unique dish known as grape biscuits.<ref>Middleton, Nicole Marshall. [http://www.tulsaworld.com/scene/article.aspx?subjectid=39&articleid=20120314_39_D1_CUTLIN99137 "Grape Dumplings Make Unique Dessert with American Indian Influence."] ''Tulsa World.'' March 14, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2012.</ref> The Tulsa Indian Women's Club has been holding annual Wild Onion Dinners since at least 1932.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zanger|first1=Mark|title=The American Ethnic Cookbook for Students.|date=2008|publisher=Oryx Press|location=Phoenix, AZ|isbn=978-1573563451|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JTBSpuCkl9AC&q=1932+wild+onion+dinner+tulsa&pg=PA61|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref>

===Baking and confectionery===
Tulsa is home to the Oklahoma Sugar Arts Show, a premier sugar craft competition hosted by Tulsa-based [[Food Network]] personality [[Kerry Vincent]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dino-Ray |first1=Ramos |title=Kerry Vincent Dies: Food Network Star And Oklahoma State Sugar Art Show Co-Founder Was 75 |url=https://deadline.com/2021/01/kerry-vincent-dead-obituary-food-network-oklahoma-state-sugar-art-show-1234664194/ |website=Deadline Hollywood |access-date=5 January 2021 |date=3 January 2021}}</ref> Tulsa is also home to the nationally renowned Pancho Anaya Mexican bakery, recognized by [[Food & Wine]] as one of America's 100 best bakeries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodandwine.com/travel/restaurants/best-bakeries-in-america|title=The 100 Best Bakeries in America|website=Foodandwine.com|access-date=May 8, 2021}}</ref> Tulsa is home to several national dessert companies: [[Daylight Donuts]] was founded in Tulsa and remains headquartered there, as is the Bama Pie Company. In 2025, [[Country Bird Bakery]] received the [[James Beard Foundation Award|James Beard Award]] for Outstanding Pastry Chef/Baker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tulsa Baker on a Mission Wins 2025 James Beard Award |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/garystern/2025/07/01/tulsa-baker-on-a-mission-wins-2025-james-beard-award/|website=forbes.com|access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref>

===Breweries===
Brewing in Tulsa dates back to at least the late 1930s with the Ahrens Brewing Company and their Ranger Beer line. The Ahrens Brewing Company opened in May 1938.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marshallbrewing.com/tulsa-brew-history/|title=Tulsa Brew History|work=marshallbrewing.com|access-date=January 23, 2021|archive-date=November 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130165958/http://marshallbrewing.com/tulsa-brew-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tulsa's craft beer scene has boomed since legislation passed allowing for microbreweries to serve the public directly (Tulsa's first microbrewery in the post-World War II era was [[Marshall Brewing Company]] in 2008).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2014/07/the-craft-beer-guide-to-oklahoma.html |title= The Craft Beer Guide to Oklahoma |work= Paste Magazine |date= July 14, 2014}}</ref>

==Sports==
[[File:BOK Center faccade.JPG|thumb|right|The centerpiece of the Vision 2025 projects, the [[BOK Center]], opened in August 2008.]]
Tulsa supports a wide array of sports at the professional and collegiate levels. The city hosts two NCAA Division&nbsp;I colleges and multiple professional [[minor league]] sports teams in baseball, football, hockey, and soccer.<ref name="Tulsa Soccer">{{cite news | date=July 29, 2007 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/sports/article.aspx?articleID=070729_2_B2_hTheT26273| title=Pro soccer: Soccer comes to Tulsa| first = Glenn | last = Hibdon| newspaper=Tulsa World | access-date=July 29, 2007}}</ref> From 2010 to 2015, Tulsa had a [[WNBA]] team called the [[Tulsa Shock]].

===Professional sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|- "
! Club !! Sport !! League !! Venue
|-
| [[FC Tulsa]]
| [[Association football|Men's Soccer]]
| [[USL Championship]]
| [[ONEOK Field]]
|-
| [[Tulsa Oilers]]
| [[Ice hockey]]
| [[ECHL]]
| [[BOK Center]]
|-
| [[Tulsa Oilers (IFL)|Tulsa Oilers]]
| [[Indoor American football|Indoor football]]
| [[Indoor Football League|IFL]]
| [[BOK Center]]
|-
| [[Tulsa Drillers]]
| [[Baseball]]
| [[Texas League]]
| [[ONEOK Field]]
|-
| [[Tulsa Athletic]]
| [[Association football|Men's soccer]]
| [[National Premier Soccer League]]
| Hicks Park 
|-
| [[Tulsa Rugby Football Club]]
| [[Rugby Union]]
| [[Division III Rugby]]
| 37th Riverside Field
|}

Tulsa's [[Double-A (baseball)|Class AA]] [[Texas League]] baseball team is called the [[Tulsa Drillers]]; famous former Drillers include [[Sammy Sosa]], [[Matt Holliday]], and [[Iván Rodríguez]].

In 2008, Tulsa funded $39.2 million to build a new ballpark in the Greenwood District near downtown for the Drillers. The ground breaking was held on December 19, 2008. ONEOK bought the naming rights for {{Nowrap|$10 million}} for the next 25 years. The first game at ONEOK Field was held on April 8, 2010. Country music star [[Tim McGraw]] threw out the first pitch.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/local/country-music-star-is-on-deck/article_d3540dbd-6b4d-53c4-98a5-001048558d3f.html|title=Country music star is on deck|last=Writer|first=P.J. LASSEK World Staff|work=Tulsa World|access-date=April 26, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

The 19,199-seat [[BOK Center]] is the centerpiece of the Vision 2025 projects and was completed in August 2008; the BOK Center was in the top ten among indoor arenas worldwide in ticket sales for the first quarter of 2009 when it was the home for the city's [[Tulsa Shock]] [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]], [[Tulsa Talons|Tulsa Talons arena football]], and [[Tulsa Oilers|Tulsa Oilers ice hockey]] teams; as of 2022, the Oilers are the sole remaining tenant.<ref name="In The Loop, 2nd Quarter 2007">{{cite web|year=2007 |url=http://www.tulsadowntown.org/imgUL/In%20the%20Loop,%202nd%20quarter,%202007.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614044129/http://www.tulsadowntown.org/imgUL/In%20the%20Loop%2C%202nd%20quarter%2C%202007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 14, 2007 |title=In The Loop, 2nd Quarter 2007 |publisher=Tulsa Downtown Unlimited |page=3 |access-date=May 3, 2007 }}</ref>

===College sports===
{| class="wikitable"
|- "
! School !! Nickname !! Colors !! Association !! Conference
|-
| [[University of Tulsa]]
| [[Tulsa Golden Hurricane|Golden Hurricane]]
| Old Gold, Royal Blue and Crimson
| [[NCAA Division I]]
| [[American Athletic Conference|American]] 
|-
| [[Oral Roberts University]]
| [[Oral Roberts Golden Eagles|Golden Eagles]]
| Vegas Gold and Navy Blue
| [[NCAA Division I]]
| [[The Summit League|Summit]]
|}

Two Tulsa universities compete at the NCAA Division&nbsp;I level: the [[University of Tulsa]] Golden Hurricane, and the Oral Roberts University Golden Eagles. The University of Tulsa's [[Tulsa Golden Hurricane men's basketball|men's basketball program]] has reached the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|Sweet Sixteen]] three times, made an appearance in the [[Elite Eight]] in [[2000 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|2000]], won the [[National Invitation Tournament|NIT]] championship in [[1981 National Invitation Tournament|1981]] and [[2001 National Invitation Tournament|2001]], and won the inaugural [[College Basketball Invitational]] in [[2008 College Basketball Invitational|2008]].<ref name="Oklahoma Basketball History">{{cite web | url=http://www.okhistory.org/enc/baskball.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061208194358/http://www.okhistory.org/enc/baskball.htm | archive-date=December 8, 2006| title=History of Basketball in Oklahoma | publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society | access-date=April 20, 2006}}</ref><ref name="CBI Official Home Page">{{cite news | url=http://www.gazellegroup.com/cbi/results08/080404bratul_recap.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531043829/http://www.gazellegroup.com/cbi/results08/080404bratul_recap.htm | archive-date=May 31, 2008| title=Tulsa Wins First CBI Title | agency=Associated Press | access-date=April 22, 2008}}</ref> The [[Tulsa Golden Hurricane football|Tulsa football team]] has played in 16 [[bowl game]]s, including the [[Sugar Bowl]] (twice) and the [[Orange Bowl]].<ref name="University of Tulsa CFB Data Warehouse">{{cite web | year=2009 | url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/conferenceusa/tulsa/bowl_history.php | title=University of Tulsa CFB Data Warehouse | publisher=CFB Data Warehouse | access-date=August 14, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330095944/http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/conferenceusa/tulsa/bowl_history.php | archive-date=March 30, 2009 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Oral Roberts University's [[Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball|men's basketball team]] reached the Elite Eight in [[1974 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|1974]], the Sweet Sixteen in [[2021 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament|2021]], and won the [[The Summit League|Mid-Continent Conference]] title three straight years, from 2005 to 2007.<ref name="Oral Roberts University Team Details">{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://www.usbasket.com/team.asp?Cntry=USA&Team=863| title=Oral Roberts University (NCAA) Men | publisher=USBASKET| access-date=April 25, 2006}}</ref>

The University of Tulsa also boasts one of the nation's top tennis facilities, the [[Michael D. Case Tennis Center]], which hosted the 2004 and 2008 NCAA tennis championships. The Golden Hurricane Tennis program has a string of success, including men's Missouri Valley championships in 1995 and 1996, men's Conference USA championships in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2011 and women's Conference USA championships in 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011. In 2007, Tulsa's top-ranked player [[Arnau Brugués-Davi]] ranked as high as #1 in the nation and a four time All-American, advanced to the quarterfinals of the singles competition at the [[NCAA Men's Tennis Championship]], improving on his 2006 round of sixteen appearances.

===Golf===
Tulsa is home to the [[Southern Hills Country Club]], which is one of only two courses that have hosted seven [[Men's major golf championships|men's major championships]]: three [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Opens]] and five [[PGA Championship]]s, the most recent in 2022.<ref name="Southern Hills 2007 PGA Championship">{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://www.pga.com/pgachampionship/2007/news/20060228_history.html| title=Southern Hills Country Club is rich in History | publisher=PGA | access-date=April 20, 2006}}</ref> The course has held five amateur championships<ref name="Southern Hills 2007 PGA Championship" /> and from 2001 to 2008 the [[LPGA]] had a regular tour stop, latterly known as the [[SemGroup Championship]] at Cedar Ridge Country Club.<ref>{{cite news | date=November 19, 2008 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/sports/article.aspx?articleID=20081119_224_B1_PaulaC617961| title=Lack of sponsor ends LPGA tourney's run| first = Jimmie | last = Tramel| newspaper=Tulsa World | access-date=November 19, 2008}}</ref>

Tulsa also hosts two golf courses designed by famed golf course architect [[A.W. Tillinghast]]: the Oaks Country Club and Tulsa Country Club. The [[Tom Fazio]]-designed Golf Club of Oklahoma is located just outside of Tulsa.

===Professional soccer===
Tulsa is home to [[FC Tulsa]], which competes in the [[USL Championship]].

From 1978 to 1984, the city hosted the [[Tulsa Roughnecks (1978–1984)|Tulsa Roughnecks]], who played in the now-defunct [[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|North American Soccer League]] and won that league's championship in 1983.

===Professional football===
In 1984, the city hosted the [[Oklahoma Outlaws]] of the now-defunct [[United States Football League]] for a single season.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.usfl.info/outlaws/| title=The Story of the Oklahoma/Arizona Outlaws| publisher=usfl.info| page=3| access-date=June 27, 2008| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706135312/http://www.usfl.info/outlaws/| archive-date=July 6, 2008| df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Running, biking and trails===
The city's running and cycling communities support events such as the [[Tulsa Tough]] cycling race, the Hurtland cyclocross, the Route 66 Marathon,<ref name="Route 66 Marathon">{{cite web | year=2009 | url=http://www.runthenation.com/marathon/2008_Route_66_Marathon | title=2008 Route 66 Marathon | publisher=2008 Route 66 Marathon | access-date=January 8, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715214403/http://www.runthenation.com/marathon/2008_Route_66_Marathon | archive-date=July 15, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> and the [[Tulsa Run]], which features over 8000 participants annually.<ref name="Tulsa Run, History">{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://tulsarun.com/history.asp | title=Tulsa Run. The History of a Fall Classic. | publisher=Tulsa Run| access-date=June 8, 2007}}</ref> Another popular gambling draw, [[horse racing]] events are housed by the [[Fair Meadows Race Track]] and [[Will Rogers Downs]] in nearby [[Claremore, Oklahoma|Claremore]].

[[Tulsa Tough|Saint Francis Tulsa Tough Ride and Race]] is a three-day cycling festival in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It features both non-competitive riding through scenic areas around the [[Tulsa Metropolitan Area]] and professional level races. It is held each year on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, the second weekend in June. Just as popular as the biking itself is the weekend-long festivities at Crybaby Hill, for it is held in the Riverview District.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saint Francis Tulsa Tough {{!}} River Parks Criterium {{!}} Cry Baby Hill|url=https://www.tulsatough.com/river-parks-criterium|access-date=2020-10-01|website=Tulsa Tough|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Way: West 13th Street (349595342)|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/349595342|access-date=2020-10-01|website=OpenStreetMap|language=en}}</ref> The [[Blue Dome|Blue Dome District]] hosts its race on the first night and takes riders down East 2nd Street. The race has participants riding at fast speeds through crowded streets lined with cheering spectators, live music, and several vendors. Events include the Men's Cat 3, Women's Pro 1/2, Men's 1/2 and Men's Pro 1.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Biking Events in Oklahoma|url=https://www.travelok.com/article_page/top-biking-events-in-oklahoma|access-date=2020-10-01|website=TravelOK.com - Oklahoma's Official Travel & Tourism Site|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:OklahomaSooners-TulsaGoldenHurricane-2009-GJKinne-Throw.jpg|thumb|upright|The University of Tulsa football team competes at the NCAA Division I level.]]

===Motorsports===
In [[motorsport]]s, Tulsa annually hosts the [[Chili Bowl (race)|Chili Bowl]] indoor race at the [[Tulsa Expo Center]]. The race was initially sponsored by the Chili Bowl food company of Bob Berryhill. The race has since accommodated "over two hundred race rigs, bleachers for thousands of people and an ever-growing trade show".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chili Bowl Nationals {{!}} The Official Website for the Lucas Oil Chili Bowl Nationals presented by General Tire|url=https://www.chilibowl.com/about/|access-date=2020-10-01|website=www.chilibowl.com}}</ref>

==Parks and recreation==
{{main|Tulsa parks and recreation}}
{{As of|2016}}, the city of Tulsa manages 134 parks spread over {{convert|8278|acre|ha}}.<ref>[https://www.cityoftulsa.org/media/3310/tulsaparks-annual-report-020317.pdf "2016 Annual Report – Tulsa Park and Recreation Department." 2016.] Accessed May 25, 2017.</ref><ref name="Tulsa Parks and Recreation">{{cite web | year=2010 | url=http://www.1888articles.com/tulsa-home-to-black-wall-street-091555.html | title=Tulsa: Home to Black Wall Street | publisher=1888articles.com | access-date=August 6, 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707060334/http://www.1888articles.com/tulsa-home-to-black-wall-street-091555.html | archive-date=July 7, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> [[Woodward Park (Tulsa)|Woodward Park]], a {{convert|45|acre|ha|adj=on}} tract located in midtown Tulsa, doubles as a [[botanical garden]], featuring the Tulsa Municipal Rose Garden, with more than 6,000 rose plants in 250 varieties, and the [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] Teaching Gardens, which demonstrate the latest and most successful techniques for growing vegetables, annuals, perennials, woody plants and groundcovers.<ref name="Woodward Park">{{cite web | year=2005 | url=http://www.tulsagardencenter.com/htdocs/wwpark/wwphist.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414233047/http://www.tulsagardencenter.com/htdocs/wwpark/wwphist.htm | archive-date=April 14, 2006 | title=History of Woodward Park | publisher=Tulsa Garden Center| access-date=April 25, 2006}}</ref>

Some Tulsa-area parks are run by Tulsa County Parks.  These include the {{Convert|270|acre|ha|adj=on}} LaFortune Park in Midtown Tulsa,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parks.tulsacounty.org/parks.aspx?page=lafortune | title= LaFortune Park | publisher= Tulsa County Parks Department| access-date=August 23, 2019}}</ref> and the {{Convert|192|acre|ha|adj=on}} Chandler Park.<ref>{{cite web |url=  http://www.parks.tulsacounty.org/parks.aspx?page=chandler | title= Chandler Park | publisher= Tulsa County Parks Department| access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref>

Some parks are under the Tulsa River Parks Authority. These include a series of linear parks that run adjacent to the Arkansas River for about {{convert|10|mi|km}} from downtown to the Jenks bridge. Since 2007 a significant portion of the River Parks area has been renovated with new trails, landscaping, and playground equipment. The River Parks Turkey Mountain Urban Wilderness Area on the west side of the Arkansas River in south Tulsa is a {{Convert|300|acre|ha|adj=on}} area that contains over {{Convert|45|mi|km}} of dirt trails available for hiking, trail running, mountain biking and horseback riding.

[[Gathering Place (Tulsa park)|Gathering Place]] is a {{convert|66|acre|ha|adj=on}} park which features a playground, lodge, boathouse, splash playground, sports courts, skate park, wetland pond and garden, trails, classrooms, and amphitheatre.<ref>{{cite web |title=Donors |url=https://www.gatheringplace.org/donors |website=www.gatheringplace.org |publisher=Gathering Place |access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gathering Place Story |url=https://www.gatheringplace.org/donors |website=www.gatheringplace.org |publisher=Gathering Place |access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Attractions |url=https://www.gatheringplace.org/attractions |website=www.gatheringplace.org |publisher=Gathering Place |access-date=November 8, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/discovery-lab-opens-new-space-to-the-public |title=Discovery Lab opens new space to the public |date=January 24, 2022 |publisher=KJRH.com|access-date=January 24, 2022}}</ref>

===Bicycling===
Tulsa has a number of cycling trails,<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.incog.org/Transportation/trailguide.htm | title= Tulsa Area Trails Guide | publisher= INCOG | access-date= January 31, 2019 | archive-date= February 1, 2019 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013600/http://www.incog.org/Transportation/trailguide.htm | url-status= dead }}</ref> and has installed protected bike lanes in parts of the downtown area.<ref>{{cite web | last1= Slanchik | first1= Amy | url= http://www.newson6.com/story/34727125/final-touches-being-put-on-downtown-tulsa-bike-lanes  | title= "Protected bike lanes" Coming to Downtown Tulsa for First Time | publisher=Amy Slanchik, Newson6.com, March 10, 2017| access-date=January 31, 2019}}</ref>  Additional efforts to expand this infrastructure have been included as part of the city's "GoPlan".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newson6.com/story/34727125/final-touches-being-put-on-downtown-tulsa-bike-lanes|title='Protected Bike Lanes' Coming To Downtown Tulsa For First Time|last=Slanchik|first=Amy|access-date=May 4, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tulsatrc.org/goplan/ |title=Go Plan {{!}} Tulsa Transportation Resource Center |website=tulsatrc.org |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028193310/http://tulsatrc.org/goplan/ |archive-date=October 28, 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=May 4, 2017  }}</ref>

==Government==
{{Main|Government of Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
{{See also|List of mayors of Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[File:One Technology Center.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The Tulsa City Hall serves as the base for most city government functions.]]

A [[mayor-council government]] has been in place in Tulsa since 1989, when the city converted from a [[city commission government]] deemed wasteful and less efficient.<ref name="About the Tulsa City Council">{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsacouncil.org/about_cc.php | title=About the Tulsa City Council | publisher=The Tulsa City Council| access-date=April 17, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070706152350/http://www.tulsacouncil.org/about_cc.php |archive-date = July 6, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since the change, Tulsa mayors have been given more power in accordance with a [[Mayor–council government#Strong-mayor form|strong mayoral system]] and have greater control of a more consolidated array of governmental branches.<ref name="About the Tulsa City Council" /> [[Plurality voting system|Plurality voting]] is used to elect mayors, who serve a term in office of four years. The present mayor of Tulsa is Democrat [[Monroe Nichols]], who won the 2024 mayoral election and took office on December 2, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news9.com/story/674d278364373b4d56c4bce8/tulsa-to-swear-in-monroe-nichols-as-new-mayor-monday |title=Tulsa To Swear In Monroe Nichols As New Mayor Monday |work=[[KWTV-DT|News 9]] |date=December 1, 2024 |access-date=January 23, 2025}}</ref> Another Tulsa political figure, [[Jim Inhofe]], who represented Oklahoma in the [[United States Senate]] for 30 years, served as the mayor of Tulsa early in his political career.<ref>{{cite news | date=May 4, 2007 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/common/printerfriendlystory.aspx?articleID=070428_238_A1_hVPma51656| title=Vice President Visits Tulsa: Cheney, Inhofe blast Democrats' plan for Iraq | first=Randy | last=Krehbiel | newspaper=Tulsa World | access-date=May 6, 2007}}</ref>

A city councilor from each of the city's nine council districts is elected every two years, each serving a term of two years. Councilors are elected from their own respective districts based on a plurality voting system, and serve on the Tulsa City Council. As a whole, the council acts as the legislative body of the city government, which aims to pass laws, approve the city budget, and manage efficiency in the city government. In accordance with the mayor-council form of government, the Tulsa City Council and the office of the Mayor coordinate in city government operations. A third body of the government, the city auditor, is elected independently of the city council and mayor to ensure that the auditor can act in an objective manner. The auditor is elected for a term of two years.<ref name="About the Tulsa City Council" /> Phil Wood, a Democrat, held the position for 21 years before being defeated by Republican Preston Doerflinger in the 2009 election.<ref>{{cite news | title=Wood concedes race for city auditor to Doerflinger | date=November 10, 2009 | url = http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=262&articleid=20091110_262_0_CityAu813364 | work = [[Tulsa World]] | access-date = November 11, 2009}}</ref> The city serves as the seat of county government for Tulsa County, and lies mostly within [[Oklahoma's 1st congressional district]], with its far northwestern areas in southern Osage County in [[Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district]]. Municipal and state laws are enforced in Tulsa by the [[Tulsa Police Department]], an organization of 781 officers {{as of|2012|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?subjectid=11&articleid=20121222_11_A21_CUTLIN147722 |title=39 new Tulsa police officers bring department to full force |newspaper=Tulsa World |date=December 22, 2012 |access-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newson6.com/story/20405101/new-tulsa-police-officers-ready-to-serve |title=New Tulsa Police Officers Ready To Serve  |publisher=NewsOn6.com |access-date=June 4, 2013}}</ref>

==Education==
{{See also|List of schools in Tulsa, Oklahoma}}

[[File:McFarlin-Library-University-Of-Tulsa.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The McFarlin Library serves the [[University of Tulsa]] campus.]]

===K–12 education===
[[Tulsa Public Schools]], with nine high schools and over 41,000 students, is the second-largest school district in Oklahoma.<ref>{{cite web | date=November 6, 2009 | url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/opinion/editorials/2009/11/06/districts-enrollment-growth-a-tale-of-demographic-shifts/61333034007/| title=(OKC) District's enrollment growth a tale of demographic shifts| format=ASP | publisher=[[The Oklahoman]] | access-date=June 7, 2022}}</ref> In 2006, there were more than 90,000 students attending Tulsa County's public schools.<ref name="About the Tulsa Library System">{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/general.asp?id=94 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060603135349/http://ww3.tulsachamber.com/general.asp?id=94 | archive-date=June 3, 2006| title=About the Tulsa City-County Library | publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber | access-date=April 28, 2006}}</ref>

Portions of Tulsa within Tulsa County are in the following school districts: Tulsa,<!--30240--> [[Berryhill Public Schools|Berryhill]]<!--04020-->, [[Bixby Public Schools|Bixby]]<!--04500-->, [[Broken Arrow Public Schools|Broken Arrow]]<!--05490-->, [[Jenks Public Schools|Jenks]]<!--15720-->, [[Owasso Public Schools|Owosso]]<!--23280, at least one business is there-->, and [[Union Public Schools|Union]]<!--30600-->.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40143_tulsa/DC20SD_C40143.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Tulsa County, OK|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-01-28}}</ref> Portions within Osage County are in Tulsa Public Schools.<!--30240--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40113_osage/DC20SD_C40113.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Osage County, OK|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-01-28}}</ref> Portions within Wagoner County are in the following districts: Tulsa,<!--30240--> Broken Arrow,<!--05490--> and [[Catoosa Public Schools|Catoosa]]<!--06870-->.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40145_wagoner/DC20SD_C40145.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Wagoner County, OK|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-01-28}}</ref><!--Re: Rogers County, https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40131_rogers/DC20SD_C40131.pdf shows a single line of Tulsa, but it does not seem to be able to carry houses nor taxpaying businesses. That line is in Owosso Schools--> The [[Allen-Bowden School District]] facility in [[Creek County, Oklahoma|Creek County]] has a Tulsa postal address,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allenbowden.org/|title=Home|publisher=Allen-Bowden School District|access-date=2025-09-19|quote=7049 Frankoma Road, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74131 }} - The postal address city name is "Tulsa, OK" but this does not have bearing on what municipality a place is located in or whether it is in a municipality. [https://web.archive.org/web/19961031170034/http://www.ci.houston.tx.us/annexation/annexation_FAQ.html The City of Houston stated:] "The U.S. Postal Service establishes ZIP codes and mailing addresses in order to maximize the efficiency of their system, not to recognize jurisdictional boundaries."</ref> but none of its area is in the Tulsa city limits.<ref name=CreekCoSDMap2020>{{cite map|author=Geography Division|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40037_creek/DC20SD_C40037.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Creek County, OK|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|date=December 22, 2020|access-date=2025-09-19}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st40_ok/schooldistrict_maps/c40037_creek/DC20SD_C40037_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

A variety of independent and sectarian schools exist in Tulsa, also. Most, but not all, of the private schools have religious affiliations with various Christian, Jewish<ref>{{cite web|title=Mizel Jewish Country Day School|url=http://www.mizelschool.org|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> or Muslim<ref>{{cite web|url=http://patulsa.org/about/school-profile/|title=Peace Academy|access-date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> denominations. The Catholic Diocese of Tulsa supports a system of parochial and diocesan schools, including [[Bishop Kelley High School]], administered by the [[Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools|LaSallians (French Christian Brothers)]]. Another Catholic high school, [[Cascia Hall Preparatory School]], is administered by [[Augustinians]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dioceseoftulsa.org/schools/school5.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208104736/http://www.dioceseoftulsa.org/schools/school5.html | archive-date=February 8, 2007 | title=Catholic Schools | publisher=Tulsa Metro Chamber | access-date=May 3, 2006}}</ref> [[Holland Hall School]] is independent but historically affiliated with the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]]. [[Riverfield Country Day School]] is non-sectarian.

===History of K-12 education===
The [[Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)|Presbyterian Church (PCUSA)]] established the Presbyterian Mission Day School, a one-story building at what would become the intersection of 4th Street and Boston Avenue in 1884. A second story was soon added to accommodate the number of children who were to attend. This school operated until 1889.<ref name="TPC-Education">Tulsa Preservation Commission Website. "Tulsa History – Education.(1880–1941)". Retrieved December 28, 2010. [http://www.tulsapreservationcommission.org/history/education/]</ref> When Tulsa incorporated in 1899, it took over the school, which became the first public school. James M. Hall and three other men bought the property with their own funds and held the title until the city could reimburse them.<ref name="TPC-Education" /><ref name="Hallobit">{{Cite web|url=https://www.angelfire.com/oh2/fountainofyouth/hall.html|title=J. M. Hall, Father of Tulsa, Obituary 1935|website=Angelfire.com|access-date=May 8, 2021}}</ref>

Tulsa built its first two public schools in 1905. The construction of more schools began accelerating in 1906. In December 1907, control of the public schools passed from the city government to the Tulsa Board of Education.<ref name="TPC-Education" />

[[Tulsa High School]] opened in 1906 on the same block formerly occupied by the Presbyterian mission school, which had been razed. The new school was a three-story cream colored brick building with a dome. The school was accredited by the North Central Association of Schools and Colleges in 1913. It proved too small by 1916, when Tulsa voters approved a bond issue to construct a new high school at Sixth Street and Cincinnati Avenue, which was renamed [[Central High School (Tulsa, Oklahoma)|Central High School]]. The north half of this facility opened in 1917, while the south half opened in 1922.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsacentralalumni.org/central.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030921072413/http://www.tulsacentralalumni.org/central.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=September 21, 2003|title=Tulsa Central History|work=tulsacentralalumni.org}}</ref> The building remained in this service until 1976, when it was replaced by a new building on West Edison Street. The old building was taken over by the Public Service Company of Oklahoma.<ref name="TPC-Education" />

===Higher education===
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Tulsa, Oklahoma}}

The first institute of higher education was established in Tulsa when Kendall College, a Presbyterian school, moved from [[Muskogee, Oklahoma|Muskogee]] to Tulsa in 1907. In 1920, the school merged with a proposed McFarlin College to become the [[University of Tulsa]] (abbreviated as TU). The McFarlin Library of TU was named for the principal donor of the proposed college, oilman [[Robert M. McFarlin]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

[[File:Learning Resource Center - Graduate Center on the campus of Oral Roberts University.jpg|thumb|right|The Graduate Center houses Oral Roberts University's graduate college.]]
Tulsa has 15 institutions of higher education, including two private universities: the University of Tulsa, a school founded in 1894, and [[Oral Roberts University]], a school founded by evangelist [[Oral Roberts]] in 1963.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

The [[University of Tulsa]] has an enrollment of 3,832 undergraduate and graduate students as of 2021.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date= |title=University of Tulsa |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/university-of-tulsa-3185 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=U.S. News and World Report}}</ref> In addition to doctoral and masters programs, TU is home to the [[University of Tulsa College of Law]] and the Collins College of Business. TU also manages the famous [[Gilcrease Museum]] in northwest Tulsa and hosts the Alexandre Hogue Gallery on its main campus.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

Oral Roberts University is a [[charismatic Christian]] institution with an enrollment of 5,109 undergraduate and graduate students.<ref>{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://www.oru.edu/aboutoru/index.php | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231134001/http://www.oru.edu/aboutoru/index.php | archive-date=December 31, 2006 | title=About ORU| publisher=[[Oral Roberts University]]| access-date=April 28, 2006}}</ref>

Both of the state's flagship research universities have campuses in Tulsa:{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

* [[Oklahoma State University System|Oklahoma State University]] houses three campuses in the city, the [[Oklahoma State University - Center for Health Sciences|OSU Center for Health Sciences]], the OSU College of Osteopathic Medicine, and [[Oklahoma State University - Tulsa|OSU – Tulsa]], accommodating upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses. OSU-Tulsa has an advanced materials research facility and is home to the Oklahoma Center for Poets and Writers.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
* The [[University of Oklahoma]] operates what is known as the OU-Tulsa Schusterman Center, offering bachelors, master's, and doctoral degree programs in conjunction with the main campus in Norman and the OU Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City. The OU-Tulsa Schusterman Center also houses the [[OU School of Community Medicine]], the first medical school of its kind in the United States.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

[[Rogers State University]] in [[Claremore, Oklahoma]], is the Tulsa area's original public, undergraduate-focused, four-year university. [[Tulsa Community College]] (TCC), the largest community college in Oklahoma,  operates four campuses spread across the area as well as a conference center in Midtown,<ref>{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://www.osu-tulsa.okstate.edu/tcc/ | title=TCC/OSU-Tulsa Admissions | publisher=OSU-Tulsa | access-date=May 4, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310002310/http://www.osu-tulsa.okstate.edu/tcc/ | archive-date=March 10, 2007 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> and has a partnership allowing students to complete four-year bachelor's degrees through OU-Tulsa, OSU-Tulsa, LU-Tulsa and NSU-Broken Arrow.<ref>{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://www.osu-tulsa.okstate.edu/system/osutcc.asp | title=TCC & OSU-Tulsa: The Home Advantage | publisher=OSU-Tulsa | access-date=April 29, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505081404/http://www.osu-tulsa.okstate.edu/system/osutcc.asp | archive-date=May 5, 2006 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>  Tulsa also has a Tulsa branch of [[Langston University]], the only [[historically black colleges and universities|historically black college or university]] in the state, founded in 1897. Tulsa previously had a branch campus of [[St. Gregory's University]], a Catholic university with its main campus in [[Shawnee, Oklahoma]]; however, that school went into bankruptcy in 2017. [[New York University]] operates a study away center in Tulsa for its students.

The [[Spartan School of Aeronautics]] enrolls 1,500 students at its flight programs near Tulsa International Airport<ref>{{cite web | year=2006 | url=http://www.spartan.edu/faqs/faqs.html | title=Spartan School of Aeronautics FAQ | publisher=Spartan School of Aeronautics | access-date=May 7, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518074220/http://www.spartan.edu/faqs/faqs.html | archive-date=May 18, 2007 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> and the city's [[vocational education]] is headed by [[Tulsa Technology Center]], the oldest and largest vocational technology institution in the state.<ref>{{cite web | year=2007 | url=http://www.tulsatech.com/about.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504051118/http://www.tulsatech.com/about.htm | archive-date=May 4, 2006 | title=About Tulsa Tech| publisher=Tulsa Technology Center| access-date=May 7, 2006}}</ref>

Among trade schools located in Tulsa are [[Community Care College]] (including branches Oklahoma Technical College and Clary Sage College),<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Oklahoma Technical College|url=https://oklahomatechnicalcollege.com/about/history/|access-date=February 18, 2019}}</ref> Holberton School Tulsa, Tulsa Welding School (Tulsa Campus) and [[Tulsa Technology Center|Tulsa Tech]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About Tulsa Tech|url=http://tulsatech.edu/About/Pages/Default.aspx|access-date=April 6, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165312/http://tulsatech.edu/About/Pages/Default.aspx|archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref>

==Media==
{{See also|Media of Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[File:Tulsa World Office.jpg|thumb|''[[The Tulsa World]]'' operates primarily from its headquarters in downtown Tulsa.]]

===Print===
Tulsa's leading newspaper is the daily ''[[Tulsa World]]'', the second-most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma with a Sunday circulation of 189,789.<ref>{{cite web | title=2006 Top 100 Daily Newspapers in the U.S. by Circulation | author=Burrelles''Luce'' | url=http://www.burrellesluce.com/top100/2006_Top_100List.pdf | access-date=March 2, 2007 | year=2006 | archive-date=July 22, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722124337/http://www.burrellesluce.com/top100/2006_Top_100List.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

''The Tulsa Voice'' is an [[Alternative newspaper|Alt-Weekly]] newspaper covering entertainment and cultural events. Covering primarily economic events and stocks, the ''Tulsa Business Journal'' caters to Tulsa's business sector. Other publications include the ''Oklahoma Indian Times'', the ''Tulsa Daily Commerce and Legal News'', the ''[[Tulsa Beacon]]'', ''[[This Land Press]]'', and the ''Tulsa Free Press''. The first black-owned newspaper was the ''Tulsa Star'', which ceased publication when its office burned during the Tulsa race massacre. It was succeeded by the ''[[Oklahoma Eagle]]'', which began publishing using the press salvaged from the ''Star''{{'s}} office.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Kurtis |title=This newspaper has never forgotten the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre - and its fight continues |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-05-22/one-newspaper-never-forgot-the-tulsa-race-massacre |website=The Los Angeles Times |date=May 22, 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref>

Until 1992, the ''[[Tulsa Tribune]]'' served as a daily afternoon newspaper competing with the ''Tulsa World''. The paper was acquired by the ''Tulsa World'' that year. ''[[Urban Tulsa Weekly]]'' served as the city's alt-weekly paper from 1991 until its closure in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/urban-tulsa-weekly-alternative-publication-reportedly-closes-its-doors-after-more-than-20-years|title=Urban Tulsa Weekly, alternative publication, reportedly closes its doors after more than 20 years|date=November 5, 2013|work=KJRH|access-date=April 26, 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427045133/https://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/urban-tulsa-weekly-alternative-publication-reportedly-closes-its-doors-after-more-than-20-years|archive-date=April 27, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Television and radio===
Tulsa is also served by television and radio broadcasting networks. All major U.S. television networks are represented in Tulsa through local [[network affiliate|affiliates]] in the [[media market|designated market area]] (a region covering a 22-county area serving the northeastern and east-central portions of Oklahoma, and far southeastern Kansas); these include [[NBC]] affiliate [[KJRH-TV]] (channel 2), [[CBS]] affiliate [[KOTV-DT]] (channel 6), [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate [[KTUL]] (channel 8), [[PBS]] station KOED-TV (channel 11, a [[Broadcast relay station#Satellite stations|satellite]] of the state-run [[Oklahoma Educational Television Authority|OETA]] member network), [[The CW|CW]] affiliate [[KQCW-DT]] (channel 19), [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] affiliate [[KOKI-TV]] (channel 23), [[MyNetworkTV]] affiliate [[KMYT-TV]] (channel 41), [[Ion Television]] [[owned-and-operated station]] [[KTPX-TV]] (channel 44). The market is also home to several religious stations including [[Trinity Broadcasting Network|TBN]] owned-and-operated station [[KDOR-TV]] (channel 17), religious/secular [[Independent station (North America)|independent station]] [[KWHB]] (channel 47), and Oral Roberts University-owned [[KGEB]] (channel 53, which is distributed nationwide via satellite as [[GEB America]]).

[[Cable television]] service in the area is provided by [[Cox Communications]], which acquired [[Tele-Communications Inc.]] (TCI)'s franchise rights to the area in a $2.85&nbsp;billion deal (which also included the purchase of [[AT&T Broadband]]'s Louisiana cable systems, minority ownership of TCA Cable TV systems in Texas, Louisiana and New Mexico, and TCI's Peak Cablevision systems in four other Oklahoma cities, and select markets in Arkansas, Utah and Nevada) in July 1999; Cox assumed control of TCI's Tulsa-area systems on March 15, 2000.<ref>{{cite news|title=TCI cable traded|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/tci-cable-traded/article_daf3721e-d704-5979-831e-0ccab1d8816e.html|author=D.R. Stewart|newspaper=[[Tulsa World]]|publisher=World Publishing Company|date=July 8, 1999|access-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Cox takes over TCI|url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/archives/cox-takes-over-tci/article_36697dac-704a-5648-b52c-7636e19b4584.html|author=D.R. Stewart|newspaper=Tulsa World|publisher=World Publishing Company|date=March 22, 2000|access-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
{{Main|Transportation in Tulsa, Oklahoma}}
[[File:Downtown Tulsa Bus Stop.jpg|thumb|The Tulsa Transit bus network, operating from its Denver Avenue Station transit center in downtown, helps meet city infrastructure needs.]]

Transportation in Tulsa is aided by [[Metropolitan Tulsa Transit Authority|MetroLink]]'s bus network of 97 vehicles<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/transit/tulsag.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111042810/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/transit/tulsag.htm | archive-date=January 11, 2006| title=Oklahoma Publicly Funded Transportation Systems | publisher=[[Oklahoma Department of Transportation]]| access-date=April 29, 2006}}</ref>{{update inline|date=October 2025}} and two primary airports, while the [[Tulsa Port of Catoosa]] provides transportation of goods and industry through international trade routes.

====Highways====
Tulsa has an extensive highway system that connects many cities in the region such as Joplin, Missouri on the [[Will Rogers Turnpike]] and Oklahoma City on the [[Turner Turnpike]]. Most commuters use the highway system in Tulsa to get to and from work. Highways that run through Tulsa are [[Interstate 44|I-44]], [[Interstate 244|I-244]], [[Interstate 444|I-444]] (unsigned), [[U.S. Route 412|US-412]], [[U.S. Route 169|US-169]], [[Oklahoma State Highway 66|OK-66]], [[U.S. Route 64|US-64]], [[U.S. Route 75|US-75]], [[Oklahoma State Highway 11|OK-11]], [[Oklahoma State Highway 51|OK-51]], [[Creek Turnpike|OK-364/Creek Turnpike]], and [[Gilcrease Expressway|OK-344/Gilcrease Expressway]].

In 2011, the [[Oklahoma Department of Transportation]] (ODOT) reported that Tulsa's busiest freeway was US-169 with about 121,500 vehicles daily between 51st and 61st Streets, and its second busiest freeway was OK-51 with about 104,200 vehicles between Memorial and I-44.<ref>{{cite web | year=2005 | url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/aadtcnt/map.aspx?map=Tulsa%20%20County | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070605015756/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/maps/aadt/urbanarea05.pdf | archive-date=June 5, 2007| title=2005 Annual Average Daily Traffic | format=PDF | publisher=Oklahoma Department of Transportation | access-date=April 15, 2006}}</ref>  Surrounding Downtown is the Inner Dispersal Loop (sometimes called the "I-D-L"), which connects Downtown with almost all the highways in Tulsa.

In 2023, ODOT and the [[American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials]] (AASHTO) approved applying the Interstate 42 designation to [[U.S. Route 412|US-412]], contingent on upgrades. This includes the segment of [[Interstate 244|I-244]] in Tulsa.
[[File:Tulsa, OK Greyhound Station entrance - 2023-3-17.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] bus station located near downtown]]

====Buses====
[[Metropolitan Tulsa Transit Authority|MetroLink]] (formerly Tulsa Transit), the city's [[transit bus]] operator, runs buses on 18 different routes across Tulsa and in surrounding suburbs such as [[Broken Arrow, Oklahoma|Broken Arrow]], [[Sand Springs, Oklahoma|Sand Springs]] and [[Jenks, Oklahoma|Jenks]]. Tulsa Transit has two stations: the Memorial Midtown Station at 7952 East 33rd Street in Midtown Tulsa, and the Denver Avenue Station at 319 South Denver, across from the [[BOK Center]] in [[Downtown Tulsa|Downtown]]. Most routes go through one or both of the stations, facilitating the commute to work and events in [[Downtown Tulsa|Downtown]] or Midtown. Buses stop at specific stops such as [[Tulsa Community College]], [[Oklahoma State University-Tulsa]], [[CityPlex Towers]], Cox Communications, the various [[medical facilities in Tulsa]], and many shopping destinations, hotels, and schools. The bus schedules are periodically changed; votes are taken by Tulsa Transit to help decide the particulars of certain routes.<ref>[http://tulsatransit.org/2013/06/route-117-and-118-proposed-changes/ Route 117 and 118 Proposed Changes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625084140/http://tulsatransit.org/2013/06/route-117-and-118-proposed-changes/ |date=June 25, 2013 }}. Tulsa Transit (June 3, 2013). Retrieved on August 17, 2013.</ref>  Tulsa debuted its first [[bus rapid transit]] line, Aero on Peoria Avenue, in November 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last=Canfield |first=Kevin |date=November 17, 2019 |title=Tulsa's Bus Rapid Transit service along Peoria Avenue begins Sunday |url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/local/government-and-politics/tulsa-s-bus-rapid-transit-service-along-peoria-avenue-begins/article_4894ffea-15c6-5904-9c86-bdf7569ff770.html |work=Tulsa World |access-date=April 14, 2020}}</ref> The service has more frequent buses, upgraded stations, and faster travel times.<ref>{{cite news |last=Canfield |first=Kevin |date=January 16, 2019 |title=City unveils Bus Rapid Transit stop that 'will open the entire city' from downtown, official says |newspaper=Tulsa World |url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/local/city-unveils-bus-rapid-transit-stop-that-will-open-the/article_d7cddbd0-0396-59f4-9400-f9cd89c48235.html |access-date=January 16, 2019}}</ref>

[[Intercity bus service]] is provided by both [[Greyhound Lines]] and [[Jefferson Lines]].  The station for both is at 317 South Detroit, five blocks from Tulsa Transit's Downtown bus terminal.  As to private chartered bus companies, Red Carpet Charters<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.redcarpetcharters.com | title= Red Carpet Charters website | publisher=Red Carpet Charters | access-date=January 9, 2019}}</ref> (also known as Red Carpet Trailways of Tulsa) is an independent member of the [[Trailways Transportation System|Trailways Charter Bus Network]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.trailways.com/company-archive/ | title=Our Charter Bus Network | publisher=www.Trailways.com | access-date=January 9, 2019 | archive-date=January 10, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110074024/https://www.trailways.com/company-archive/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Airports====
[[File:Embraer ERJ 145 (American Eagle) at TUL.jpg|thumb|right|An American Eagle aircraft in new livery at Tulsa International Airport]][[Tulsa International Airport]], which has service on twelve commercial airlines (eight passenger and four cargo ones), serves more than three million travelers annually, with almost 80 departures every day.<ref name="Tulsa International Airport" /> In 2007, the airport completed most of an expansion project, which included larger terminal sizes and the addition of restaurants and shops. In 2011, the airport opened the newly renovated Concourse B, complete with skylights, open gate holds, an average of 76 ways to charge a device per gate, and much more. Concourse A is under renovation.<ref name="Tulsa International Airport">{{cite web| year=2007| url=http://www2.johnsoncontrols.com/cg-cases/CSST-A06-003.pdf| title=Case Study:Tulsa International Airport| publisher=Johnson Controls| access-date=July 18, 2007| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808015723/http://www2.johnsoncontrols.com/cg-cases/CSST-A06-003.pdf| archive-date=August 8, 2007| df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Richard Lloyd Jones Jr. Airport|Richard L. Jones Jr. Airport]] (also known as Jones-Riverside Airport) a [[general aviation]] airport in West Tulsa, saw 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008, making it the busiest airport in Oklahoma and the fifth-busiest general aviation airport in the nation.<ref name="Riverside Jones Airport">{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsaairports.com/index.cfm?id=11 |title=Riverside Jones Airport |publisher=Tulsa Airport Authority |access-date=October 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822190220/http://www.tulsaairports.com/index.cfm?id=11 |archive-date=August 22, 2011  }}</ref> Its operations contribute over {{Nowrap|$3.2 million}} to the economy annually.<ref name="Riverside Jones Airport" />  The Tulsa Airports Improvement Trust also manages the [[Okmulgee Regional Airport]] in [[Okmulgee, Oklahoma]], further to the south of Tulsa.<ref>Casey Smith, "Tulsa Airport board approves operation deal with Okmulgee Regional Airport," Tulsa World, May 15, 2015.</ref><ref>Larry Levy, "Contract awarded for airport control tower," Tulsa Business & Legal News, May 18, 2016.</ref>

====Railways====
[[Rail freight transport|Freight railways]] bisect the city in every direction; the state's chief freight rail transporter is [[BNSF]], operator of the Cherokee Rail Yard in Tulsa, which facility includes a freight terminal, diesel shop and hump yard for railcar sorting.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.tulsaworld.com/business/transportation/here-for-long-haul-bnsf-railway-investments-mirror-footprint-in/article_2f5f134e-d9da-5598-b3a6-8a7c77580e60.html | title= Here for the long haul: BNSF Railway investments mirror footprint in Oklahoma | newspaper=Tulsa World| access-date=December 4, 2018}}</ref>  Other Class I transporters are [[Union Pacific Railroad]], as well as the [[CPKC]] (formerly the [[Kansas City Southern Railway]]) via a short-line switch on the [[South Kansas and Oklahoma Railroad]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tulsaport.com/shipping/ | title=Shipping | publisher=Tulsa Port of Catoosa | access-date=December 4, 2018 | archive-date=December 5, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205060734/http://www.tulsaport.com/shipping/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Tulsa Union Depot]] served [[Frisco Railway|Frisco]], [[M-K-T]] and [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway|Santa Fe]] passenger trains until the 1960s. The Santa Fe continued service through use of its own station until 1971.<ref>{{cite web | url=  http://roottulsa.com/stories/3079| title= Santa Fe Depot| publisher=Tulsa Foundation for Architecture| access-date=January 25, 2019}}</ref>  There are no mass transit rail lines in Tulsa, but the prospect of passenger rail lines from [[Downtown Tulsa]] to the suburb of [[Broken Arrow, Oklahoma|Broken Arrow]] has been studied.<ref>{{cite news | date=May 1, 2007 | url=http://tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070501_1_A2_Commu05642 | first=Brian | last=Barber | title=Tulsa Commuters: Rail, Buss Mass Transit Studied: Take the BA train | newspaper=The [[Tulsa World]] | access-date=May 9, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20070811123505/http://tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070501_1_A2_Commu05642 | archive-date=August 11, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Long-distance passenger rail transportation today serves Tulsa only through [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound bus lines]], which provide bus connections to nearby cities with [[Amtrak]] stations.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cwrr.com/Amtrak/mw_thrwy.html| title=Amtrak's Thruway Bus Service | publisher=Ribbon Rail Productions| access-date=May 25, 2008}}</ref>  A private proposal to re-establish passenger service between Oklahoma City and Tulsa via a train called the ''[[Eastern Flyer]]'' fell through in 2019.<ref name="Falls Through">{{cite web | url= https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/state-and-regional/okc-to-tulsa-passenger-rail-service-falls-through/article_bc5d3916-a8f2-5103-b780-adf865127146.html | title= OKC-to-Tulsa passenger rail service falls through | date= August 6, 2019 | publisher=Randy Ellis, Tulsa World, August 6, 2019 | access-date=August 6, 2019}}</ref>  However, in early 2024, the Federal Railroad Administration released an interim report on its ongoing Amtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Study regarding fifteen new or previously discontinued rail routes under consideration for federal funding, which included a proposed route from Oklahoma City to Tulsa, and on from Tulsa to St. Louis in one direction and Kansas City in another.<ref name=Study>{{cite web|url= https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/fra-releases-long-distance-study-interim-report-invites-comments/ |title= FRA releases long-distance study interim report, invites comments|date= February 27, 2024|publisher= Trains.com, February 21, 2024|accessdate=March 13, 2024}}</ref>

Tulsa has two static displays of antique steam railroad [[locomotives]] for free public viewing: the 1917 wood-burning [[Dierks Forests|Dierks Forest]] 207, a [[Baldwin Locomotive Works|Baldwin]] [[2-6-2]] Prairie-type located at the [[Tulsa State Fair]]grounds;<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.krmg.com/photo/news/local/steam-locomotive-tulsa-fairgrounds/pDSKg/| title=Steam Locomotive on the Tulsa Fairgrounds| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707103216/http://www.krmg.com/photo/news/local/steam-locomotive-tulsa-fairgrounds/pDSKg/| archive-date=July 7, 2015| df=mdy-all}}</ref> and, the 1942 oil-burning [[St. Louis-San Francisco Railway|Frisco]] [[Meteor (train)|Meteor]] [[St. Louis–San Francisco 4500|4500]], a [[Baldwin Locomotive Works|Baldwin]] [[4-8-4]] Northern-type at the [[Route 66 Historical Village]] at 3770 Southwest Boulevard.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.19375 | title= Route 66 Historical Village | publisher= TravelOK.com | access-date= January 16, 2019 | archive-date= September 15, 2020 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200915042206/https://www.travelok.com/listings/view.profile/id.19375 | url-status= dead }}</ref>

====Port of Catoosa====
{{Main|Tulsa Port of Catoosa}}
[[File:Port of Catoosa 2007.jpg|thumb|The Tulsa Port of Catoosa]]  At the head of the [[McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System]], the [[Tulsa Port of Catoosa]] is an inland port in the United States and connects [[barge]] traffic from Tulsa to the [[Mississippi River]] via the [[Verdigris River]] and the [[Arkansas River]]. The facility is one of the largest riverports in the United States<ref name="Tulsa Port of Catoosa">{{cite web| url=http://www.tulsaport.com/profile.html| title=Port of Catoosa Profile| publisher=[[Tulsa Port of Catoosa]]| access-date=April 22, 2006| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060303181013/http://www.tulsaport.com/profile.html| archive-date=March 3, 2006| df=mdy-all}}</ref> and contributes to one of the busiest waterways in the world via its course to the [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref name="Tulsa Port News">{{cite web|url=http://www.tulsaport.com/news_and_events.html |title=What's new at the port? |publisher=Tulsa Port Authority |access-date=July 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714184501/http://www.tulsaport.com/news_and_events.html |archive-date=July 14, 2007  }}</ref>

===Medical facilities===
{{main|Medical facilities in Tulsa}}
[[File:The Children's Hospital at Saint Francis.jpg|thumb|right|In 2010 Saint Francis completed a new Children's Hospital.]]
The Saint Francis Health System owns several hospitals with a central location at Saint Francis Hospital in the southern part of the city. The facility contains 700 doctors and 918 beds,<ref>{{cite web | year=2006 | url=http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/ | title=Saint Francis Hospital | publisher=Saint Francis Health System| access-date=May 7, 2006}}</ref> and with more than 7,000 employees, the network is the second-largest healthcare employer in the state.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.healthexecutive.com/spotlights/apr_2006/sl_stFrancis.asp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928093541/http://www.healthexecutive.com/spotlights/apr_2006/sl_stFrancis.asp | archive-date=September 28, 2007 | title=Saint Francis Health System | publisher=Health Executive| access-date=May 7, 2007}}</ref> The health system also operates a heart hospital, which was named by [[General Electric]] in 2004 one of the most advanced heart hospitals in the nation.<ref>{{cite news | date=January 13, 2007 | url=http://salesandmarketingnetwork.com/news_release.php?ID=2009486| title=GE Healthcare Announces Preview of Latest Advanced All-Digital Heart Hospital| publisher=The Healthcare Sales and Marketing Network | access-date=May 7, 2007}}</ref> St. John Medical Center, located in an 11-story midtown center, employs nearly 700 doctors.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sjmc.org/section.asp?id=mp35 | title=About St. John| publisher=Saint John Healthcare System | access-date=May 7, 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070716011407/http://www.sjmc.org/section.asp?id=mp35 |archive-date = July 16, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other networks, such as Hillcrest Health System, operate a number of facilities of various sizes.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cancercenter.com/southwestern-hospital/about-southwestern.cfm| title=Southwestern Regional Medical Center| publisher=Cancer Treatment Centers of America| access-date=May 7, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070507110339/http://www.cancercenter.com/southwestern-hospital/about-southwestern.cfm| archive-date=May 7, 2007| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref> Beginning in 2007, the city elected to renew a five-year contract with [[Emergency Medical Services Authority|EMSA]] for ambulance service after a period spent contemplating a switch to the [[Tulsa Fire Department]] for the provision of such services.<ref>{{cite news | date=January 12, 2007 | url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070112_Ne_A1_Tulsa7813| first=P.J | last=Lassek | title=Tulsa mayor chooses to stick with EMSA| newspaper=[[Tulsa World]] | access-date=May 7, 2007}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of people from Tulsa, Oklahoma}}

==In popular culture==
* Several films starring [[Brat Pack]] actors and written by [[S.E. Hinton]] were filmed in Tulsa in the early 1980s; among them were ''[[Tex (film)|Tex]]'' (1982), ''[[The Outsiders (film)|The Outsiders]]'' (1983), ''[[Rumble Fish]]'' (1983), ''[[That Was Then... This Is Now]]'' (1985) and ''[[Fandango (1985 film)|Fandango]]'' (1985).<ref>Barth, Jack (1991). ''Roadside Hollywood: The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More''. Contemporary Books. Page 134. {{ISBN|9780809243266}}.</ref>
* The [[FX (TV channel)|FX]] television shows [[Reservation Dogs]] and [[The Lowdown (American TV series)|The Lowdown]] prominently feature Tulsa 
* "[[Tulsa Time]]" song by [[Don Williams]]
* "Tampa to Tulsa" song by [[The Jayhawks]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cridlin|first=Jay|date=June 10, 2020|title=When song lyrics mention Tampa Bay, what are we really singing about?|url=https://www.tampabay.com/arts-entertainment/music/2020/06/10/when-song-lyrics-mention-tampa-bay-what-are-we-really-singing-about/|access-date=2020-06-13|work=Tampa Bay Times|language=en}}</ref>
* Most of the [[HBO]] TV series ''[[Watchmen (TV series)|Watchmen]]'' (2019) takes place in Tulsa.
* "[[Twenty Four Hours from Tulsa]]" song by [[Gene Pitney]]
* "Tulsa County" song by [[The Byrds]]
* "Tulsa Telephone Book" song by [[Tom T. Hall]]
* "Tulsa Jesus Freak" song by [[Lana Del Rey]]
* ''[[Tulsa King]]'' TV series starring [[Sylvester Stallone]] is primarily set in Tulsa
* Three of [[S. E. Hinton|S.E. Hinton's]] novels, ''[[The Outsiders (novel)|The Outsiders]], [[That Was Then, This Is Now|That Was Then, This is Now]],'' and ''[[Rumble Fish (novel)|Rumble Fish]],'' take place in Tulsa.
* The 2020 drama film ''[[Minari]]'' is filmed in Tulsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2020 |title=Production Designer Yong Ok Lee on her Sundance films MINARI and THE FAREWELL |url=https://www.afi.com/news/production-designer-yong-ok-lee-on-her-sundance-films-minari-and-the-farewell/ |access-date=August 4, 2025 |website=American Film Institute |language=en}}</ref>

==Sister cities==
In accordance with the Tulsa Global Alliance, which operates in conjunction with [[Sister Cities International]], an organization that began under President [[Dwight Eisenhower]] in 1956, Tulsa has nine international [[town twinning|sister cities]] in an attempt to foster cross-cultural understanding:<ref>{{cite web |title=Tulsa's Sister Cities|url=https://www.tulsaglobalalliance.org/overview-1|website=tulsaglobalalliance.org|publisher=Tulsa Global Alliance|access-date=2021-05-05}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Amiens]], France
*[[Beihai]], China
*[[Celle]], Germany
*[[Kaohsiung]], Taiwan
*[[Mwanza]], Tanzania
*[[San Luis Potosí City|San Luis Potosí]], Mexico
*[[Tiberias]], Israel
*[[Utsunomiya]], Japan
*[[Zelenograd]], Russia
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Tulsa (book)|''Tulsa'' (book)]]
* [[Tulsa (movie)|''Tulsa'' (movie)]]
* [[List of oil refineries]]
* [[USS Tulsa|USS ''Tulsa'']], 3 ships

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
;Sources
* {{cite book|last=Cobb|first=Russell |title=The Great Oklahoma Swindle: Race, Religion, and Lies in America's Weirdest State |location=[[Lincoln, Nebraska|Lincoln]] |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |year=2020 |isbn=9781496230409 }}
* {{cite book|last=Goble|first=Danney|title=Tulsa! Biography of the American City|place=Tulsa|publisher=Council Oak Books|year=1998|orig-year=1997|isbn=1-57178-051-3}}
;Citations
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|Tulsa, Oklahoma|voy=Tulsa}}
* [http://www.cityoftulsa.org/ Official website]
* [http://www.vision2025.info/ Vision 2025]

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[[Category:Tulsa, Oklahoma| ]]
[[Category:1836 establishments in Indian Territory]]
[[Category:Cities in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Cities in Osage County, Oklahoma]]
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[[Category:County seats in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Inland port cities and towns in the United States]]
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