View source for Turkish Grand Prix

{{Short description|Formula One motor race}}
{{About|Formula One race|the motorcycle race|Turkish motorcycle Grand Prix}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{F1 race
| Name                  = Turkish Grand Prix
| Flag                  = Flag of Turkey.svg
| Circuit               = [[Istanbul Park]]
| Circuit_image         = Istanbul park.svg
| image-alt= Track layout of the Istanbul Park circuit. The track runs anticlockwise and has fourteen corners, varying from sharp hairpins to the long sweeping eighth turn. The pit lane entry is located between turns thirteen and fourteen and the pit lane exit is located between turns one and two.
| Laps                  = 58
| Circuit_length_km     = 5.338
| Circuit_length_mi     = 3.317
| Race_length_km        = 309.396
| Race_length_mi        = 192.250
| First_held            = 2005
| Last_held             = 2021
| Times_held            = 9
| Most_wins_driver      = {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Felipe Massa]] (3)
| Most_wins_constructor = {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] (3)
| Current_year          = 2021
| Pole_driver           = {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]{{efn|[[Lewis Hamilton]] set the fastest time in qualifying, but received a ten-place grid penalty for exceeding his quota of internal combustion engines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-hamilton-set-for-turkish-gp-grid-penalty-after-taking-new-mercedes.2767biwoXLLinxWmgElMq4.html|title=Hamilton set for Turkish GP grid penalty after taking new Mercedes engine|website=Formula1|date=8 October 2021|access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> [[Valtteri Bottas]] was promoted to pole position in his place.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.bottas-claims-pole-for-turkish-gp-as-fastest-driver-hamilton-takes-grid.3CPZb4CsFHQMas7ibSfSF3.html|title=Bottas claims pole for Turkish GP as fastest driver Hamilton takes grid penalty|website=Formula1|date=9 October 2021|access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref>}}
| Pole_team             = [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| Pole_time             = 1:22.998
| Winner                = {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valtteri Bottas|V. Bottas]]
| Winning_team          = [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| Winning_time          = 1:31:04.103
| Second                = {{flagicon|NED}} [[Max Verstappen|M. Verstappen]]
| Second_team           = [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]]
| Second_time           = +14.584
| Third                 = {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Sergio Pérez|S. Pérez]]
| Third_team            = [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]]
| Third_time            = +33.741
| Fastest_lap_driver    = {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| Fastest_lap_team      = [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| Fastest_lap           = 1:30.432
}}
[[File:Istanbul Park aerial.jpg|thumb|right|260px|alt=Istanbul Park is in a rural area and is paved with tarmac. It has large concrete and gravel run-off areas, large grandstands and a substantial pit building and paddock.|Aerial view of [[Istanbul Park]]]]

The '''Turkish Grand Prix''' ({{langx|tr|{{italics correction|Türkiye Grand Prix}}}}) is a [[Formula One]] [[auto racing|motor race]] held at [[Istanbul Park]], designed by [[Hermann Tilke]]. The race was part of the [[Formula One World Championship]] between {{F1|2005}} and {{F1|2011}}, and {{F1|2020}} to {{F1|2021}}, the latter two being due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. [[Felipe Massa]] and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] are the most successful driver and constructor respectively, having won the race three times each.

==History==
Despite the major challenges involved including completing part of the journey by boat, teams drove their equipment from their European factories to the track for each meeting except the 2020 race.

The nature of the circuit resulted in the inaugural [[2005 Turkish Grand Prix]] weekend seeing exciting on-track action, with many drivers spinning off throughout the weekend due to pushing too hard, particularly at Turn 8 where [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] ran wide with two laps to go following a tangle with the [[Jordan f1|Jordan]] of [[Tiago Monteiro]]. This allowed [[Fernando Alonso]] to take second place behind [[Kimi Räikkönen]], an event which had a significant bearing on their battle for the World Championship headed towards its culmination.

A year later, [[Felipe Massa]] took his first pole position and victory at Tuzla. The Ferraris were 1–2 in early stages of the race, with Massa ahead of [[Michael Schumacher]]. [[Vitantonio Liuzzi]]'s spin brought out the safety car and the Ferraris had to pit on the same lap. Alonso was able to get past Schumacher and the order stayed until the end of the race. Massa repeated in 2007 ahead of his new teammate Räikkönen.

In 2008, the race was held in May. Two-stopping Massa won the race ahead of three-stopping [[Lewis Hamilton]], although Hamilton had passed him during the race.

For 2011, the race was put in doubt because [[Bernie Ecclestone]] wanted to double the fees for hosting the race. Ecclestone later confirmed, however, that it would feature on the 2011 calendar, which would expand to twenty races with the addition of the [[Indian Grand Prix]] (although the cancellation of the [[2011 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain Grand Prix]] meant only nineteen Grands Prix were held).<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8624387.stm | work=BBC News | title=F1 set for record 20-race season | date=16 April 2010}}</ref>

On 30 July 2011 it was announced that the Turkish Grand Prix would not be on the calendar from 2012 due to a lack of agreement on the annual cost.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/14348303 | work=BBC News | title=Turkey set to be dropped for 2012}}</ref> The race organisers claimed that the hosting fee was too high, while Ecclestone blamed poor promotion for the race's lack of profitability.<ref name="Guardian Turkey attendance">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/apr/22/turkey-f1-grand-prix|title=Turkey grand prix heads for the scrapyard over $26m price tag|last=Richards|first=Giles|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=22 April 2011|access-date=23 January 2021}}</ref> On 9 January 2013 the government chose not to approve the Formula 1 deal that would have held the race in Tuzla in 2013.

The project, set to cost Turkey around 20 million dollars in total, needed to receive 13 million dollars of state funding.
The government, however, did not give its approval, and the project fell through.<ref>Daily Hürriyet newspaper Turkey 9 January 2013</ref>

=== 2005 ===
{{main article|2005 Turkish Grand Prix}}
The winner of the inaugural Turkish Grand Prix was [[Kimi Räikkönen]] ([[McLaren (racing)|McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines|Mercedes]]), [[Fernando Alonso]] ([[Renault F1]]) came in second, followed by [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] (McLaren-Mercedes).

The fastest race lap was achieved by Juan Pablo Montoya in 1'24.770, a time which is yet to be surpassed.

=== 2006 ===
{{main article|2006 Turkish Grand Prix}}
The 2006 Turkish Grand Prix was won by [[Felipe Massa]] ([[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]), who led from start to finish, Fernando Alonso (Renault F1) came in second and seven-time world champion [[Michael Schumacher]] in third.

The fastest race lap was achieved by Michael Schumacher in 1'28.005.

As part of the podium ceremony after the 2006 race, the winner's trophy was presented by [[Mehmet Ali Talat]], who was introduced to television viewers via the captions as the president of the [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]], a state which is recognised only by Turkey. The [[FIA]] announced they would be investigating this incident, as a possible breach of the organisation's political neutrality. The identity of the person who would present the winner's trophy was left to the last minute, leaving the FIA no time to veto the choice. Some commentators feared this incident could jeopardise the future of the Turkish Grand Prix, and possibly also Turkey's round of the [[World Rally Championship]], another FIA-sanctioned series.<ref>{{cite web|title=News &#124; Planet F1 &#124; Formula One News|url=http://www.planet-f1.com/News/Story_Page/0,15909,3210_3213_1459823,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217103357/http://www.planet-f1.com/News/Story_Page/0,15909,3210_3213_1459823,00.html|archive-date=17 December 2012|access-date=8 November 2012|publisher=Planet F1|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was concluded with a 5 million dollar fine,<ref>{{cite web|date=19 September 2006|title=Turks fined only $5m|url=http://www.grandprix.com/ns/ns17474.html|access-date=8 November 2012|publisher=Grandprix.com}}</ref> which was later reduced by half.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

=== 2007 ===
{{main article|2007 Turkish Grand Prix}}
The winner of the 2007 Turkish Grand Prix was the [[Brazil]]ian Felipe Massa (Ferrari), who won the race for the second year in a row having qualified in pole position. During the press conference following the race, he commented that "the Istanbul Park was the track where he made his career turn-around, and finally began winning races." He also praised the track as well as the city.

The fastest race lap was achieved by Kimi Räikkönen in 1'27.295.

=== 2008 ===
{{main article|2008 Turkish Grand Prix}}
The winner of the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix was the [[Brazil]]ian Felipe Massa (Ferrari), who won the race for the third year in a row, also starting in pole position.

The fastest race lap was achieved by Kimi Räikkönen in 1'26.506.

=== 2009 ===
{{main article|2009 Turkish Grand Prix}}
The winner was the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Jenson Button]] of [[Brawn GP]], with Australian [[Mark Webber (racing driver)|Mark Webber]] and Germany's [[Sebastian Vettel]] of [[Red Bull Racing]] completing the podium.

The fastest race lap was achieved by eventual winner, Jenson Button with a 1'27.579.

=== 2010 ===
{{main article|2010 Turkish Grand Prix}}
The winner was [[United Kingdom|Britain's]] [[Lewis Hamilton]] of [[McLaren]], with teammate and countryman [[Jenson Button]] in second and Australian [[Mark Webber (racing driver)|Mark Webber]] of [[Red Bull Racing]] in third. Webber had started in pole position and had been leading the race until he collided with teammate [[Sebastian Vettel]].

=== 2011 ===
{{main article|2011 Turkish Grand Prix}}
[[Sebastian Vettel]] won the 2011 event for [[Red Bull Racing]], ahead of team-mate [[Mark Webber (racing driver)|Mark Webber]] and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari's]] [[Fernando Alonso]]. The race featured the greatest recorded number of pit stops and overtaking manoeuvres in a dry race in F1 history.

=== 2020 ===
{{main article|2020 Turkish Grand Prix}}
Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020 several originally scheduled races were cancelled. The Turkish Grand Prix was added to the revised calendar in August 2020 and the race weekend was held between 13 and 15 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Formula 1 to return to Turkey as four more races are added to the 2020 F1 calendar|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-to-return-to-turkey-istanbul-park-as-four-more-races-added-to-F1-calendar.2cVIVl0QDr4OiZa7rPt7Zg.html|access-date=2020-08-27|website=www.formula1.com|language=en}}</ref> The race weekend was marred by a newly resurfaced track, which Pirelli was not aware of and could not test or bring appropriate tyres for, and heavy rainfall exacerbating the already slippery conditions. [[Lance Stroll]] of [[Racing Point F1 Team|Racing Point]] took pole position in wet conditions. It was [[Lewis Hamilton]] of [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]], starting from sixth, who took the lead in the middle stages of the race and led to win the race and claim his seventh world title, equaling [[Michael Schumacher]]'s record.

=== 2021 ===
{{main article|2021 Turkish Grand Prix}}
The Turkish Grand Prix was initially brought in as a replacement for the [[Canadian Grand Prix]] for the [[2021 Formula One World Championship]] due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|entry restrictions of Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 April 2021|title=Turkey to replace Canada on 2021 F1 race calendar|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.turkey-to-replace-canada-on-2021-f1-race-calendar.5oXc8g8NfkRUrlydMahSVF.html|access-date=28 April 2021|website=Formula1.com|language=en}}</ref> The event was postponed due to travel restrictions from [[Turkey]] imposed by the [[British government]], with the [[Styrian Grand Prix]] taking its place.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-2021-f1-calendar-reshuffled-as-turkey-drops-off-and-extra-austria.3TufMtNBGTB4ALrfGaiN9e.html |title=2021 F1 calendar reshuffled, as Turkey drops off and extra Austria race added |publisher=Formula One |date=2021-05-14 |access-date=2021-05-14|website=www.formula1.com|language=en}}</ref> The race was later re-added to the calendar to take the place of the cancelled [[Singapore Grand Prix]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=25 June 2021|title=Formula 1: Turkey to replace Singapore on calendar|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/57606329|access-date=25 June 2021|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> The race was won by [[Valtteri Bottas]] for [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]], who started from pole position and led most of the race.

== Winners ==
===Repeat winners (drivers)===
''Drivers in '''bold''' are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Wins
! Driver
! Years won
|-
! 3
| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Felipe Massa]]
| [[2006 Turkish Grand Prix|2006]], [[2007 Turkish Grand Prix|2007]], [[2008 Turkish Grand Prix|2008]]
|-
! 2
| '''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| [[2010 Turkish Grand Prix|2010]], [[2020 Turkish Grand Prix|2020]]
|-
! colspan="3" |Source:<ref name="CF1TUR">{{cite web|title=Turkish GP|url=https://chicanef1.com/indiv.pl?name=Turkish%20GP&type=o|publisher=ChicaneF1|accessdate=3 September 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Repeat winners (constructors) ===
''Constructors in '''bold''' are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! Wins
! Constructor
! Years won
|-
! 3
| {{flagicon|Italy}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| [[2006 Turkish Grand Prix|2006]], [[2007 Turkish Grand Prix|2007]], [[2008 Turkish Grand Prix|2008]]
|-
!rowspan=2| 2
| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''
| [[2005 Turkish Grand Prix|2005]], [[2010 Turkish Grand Prix|2010]]
|-
| {{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''
| [[2020 Turkish Grand Prix|2020]], [[2021 Turkish Grand Prix|2021]]
|-
!colspan=3|Source:<ref name=CF1TUR/>
|}

=== Repeat winners (engine manufacturers) ===
''Manufacturers in '''bold''' are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Wins
! Manufacturer
! Years won
|-
! 5
| {{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]''' *
| [[2005 Turkish Grand Prix|2005]], [[2009 Turkish Grand Prix|2009]], [[2010 Turkish Grand Prix|2010]], [[2020 Turkish Grand Prix|2020]], [[2021 Turkish Grand Prix|2021]]
|-
! 3
| {{flagicon|Italy}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| [[2006 Turkish Grand Prix|2006]], [[2007 Turkish Grand Prix|2007]], [[2008 Turkish Grand Prix|2008]]
|-
!colspan=3|Source:<ref name=CF1TUR/>
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Built by [[Ilmor]] in 2005

===By year===
All Turkish Grands Prix were held at [[Istanbul Park]].<ref name=CF1TUR/>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Year
! Driver
! Constructor
! Report
|-
! {{F1|2005}}
| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kimi Räikkönen]]
|nowrap| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| [[2005 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|-
! {{F1|2006}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Felipe Massa]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| [[2006 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|-
! {{F1|2007}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Felipe Massa]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| [[2007 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|-
! {{F1|2008}}
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Felipe Massa]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| [[2008 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|-
! {{F1|2009}}
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jenson Button]]
| [[Brawn GP|Brawn]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| [[2009 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|-
! {{F1|2010}}
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]
| [[2010 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|-
! {{F1|2011}}
|nowrap| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Sebastian Vettel]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]
| [[2011 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|- style="background:#ddd;"
! 2012<br />–<br />2019
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| ''Not held''
|-
! {{F1|2020}}
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| [[2020 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|-
! {{F1|2021}}
| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]
| [[2021 Turkish Grand Prix|Report]]
|-
!colspan=4|Source:<ref name=CF1TUR/>
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Formula One races}}
{{Turkish Grand Prix}}

[[Category:Turkish Grand Prix| ]]
[[Category:National Grands Prix]]
[[Category:Motorsport in Turkey]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2005]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Turkey]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in Turkey]]
[[Category:2020 establishments in Turkey]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2020]]
[[Category:Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2021]]
[[Category:2021 disestablishments in Turkey]]