View source for Tututni

{{Short description|Native American tribe}}
{{about|the ethnic group|their language|Tututni language}}

The '''Tututni''' tribe is a historic [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe, one of [[Tututni people|Lower Rogue River Athabascan]] tribes from southwestern [[Oregon]] who signed the 1855 Coast Treaty, and were removed to the [[Siletz Reservation|Siletz Indian Reservation]] in Oregon. They traditionally lived along the [[Rogue River (Oregon)|Rogue River]] and its tributaries, near the Pacific Coast between the [[Coquille River (Oregon)|Coquille River]] on the north and Chetco River in the south.<ref name = "ruby">{{cite book| last = Robert H. Ruby| title = "A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest"| publisher = University of Oklahoma Press| accessdate = 2016-09-15| url = https://archive.org/details/guidetoindiantri00ruby| url-access = registration| page = [https://archive.org/details/guidetoindiantri00ruby/page/246 246]| quote = Tututni tribe lived.}}</ref> 
'''Lower Rogue River Athabascan''' (also called '''Tututni''') tribes are a group of Athabascan tribes (the Tututni, [[Coquille people|Upper Coquille]] and [[Shasta Costa]]) who were historically located in southwestern [[Oregon]] in the [[United States]] and speak the same Athabascan language, known as Lower Rogue River (or Tututni, or Tututni-Shasta Costa-Coquille).<ref>Wayne Suttles, Volume editor: ''Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest Coast,'' Volume 7; Jay Miller and William R. Seaburg, "Athapaskans of Southwestern Oregon", Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, Smithsonian Institution, 1990, p. 580</ref>

==Rogue River Athabascans vs. Rogue River Indians==
In its narrower sense, the term "Rogue River" refers to the '''Rogue River Athabascan''' tribes who speak two closely related languages: [[Tututni language|Lower Rogue River]] (also known as Tututni) and [[Galice-Applegate language|Upper Rogue River]] (also known as Galice-Applegate).

In its broader sense, "Rogue River" as a term refers to [[Rogue River Indians]], a conglomeration of many tribal groups in the total [[Rogue River Valley]] area. They belong to three language families: Athabaskan, Takelma, and Shastan.

==Lower Rogue River Athabascan groups==
The '''Tututni''' (or Lower Rogue River Athabascan) tribes included the following:
*'''Upper Coquille''' (Coquille, Mishikwutinetunne) tribe, 
*'''Shasta Costa''' tribe, and 
*'''Tututni''' tribe, including '''Euchre Creek''' (Yukichetunne) band. 
::Bands of Tututni tribe include 
**the ''Kwatami'', 
**''Tututunne'', 
**''Mikonotunne'', 
**''Chemetunne'', 
**''Chetleshin'', 
**''Kwaishtunnetunne'',
**''Yukichetunne'',<ref>Wayne Suttles, Volume editor: "Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest Coast" Volume 7, Jay Miller and William R. Seaburg, "Athapaskans of Southwestern Oregon", Government Printing Office, Smithsonian Institution Washington, 1990, p. 586 [https://books.google.com/books?id=M7KRhRt3i2cC&dq=Tututni+tribe+include+the+Kwatami%2CYukichetunne%2C+Chemetunne%2C+Mikonotunne%2C&pg=PA586]</ref> and 
**''Naltunnetunne''.

===Tututni tribe===
"There were as many as seven Tututni groups, who were culturally related and had kinship ties. They did not, however, constitute a typical tribe because the usual sociopolitical organization, involving chiefs and governmental authority, was lacking".<ref name = "ruby"/>

I) Tututni dialect speaking:

::* <small>1) Kwatami (Sixes) band;</small>

::* <small>2) Tutu-tunne (Tututunne, Tututni) band;</small>

::* <small>3) Mikono-tunne (Mikonotunne, Mikwunutunne, Mackanotin) band;</small>

::* <small>4) Cheme-tunne (Chemetunne, Joshua, Yashute) band;</small>

::* <small>5) Chetleshin (Pistol River) band;</small>

::* <small>6) Kwaish-tunne-tunne (Kwaishtunnetunne, Wishtenatin) band; and</small>

::* <small>7) Nal-tunne-tunne (Naltunnetunne) band;</small>

II) Euchre Creek (Yukiche-tunne) dialect speaking:

::* <small>8) Yukiche-tunne (Yukichetunne, Euchre Creek) band;</small>

===Upper Coquille tribe===
III) Upper Coquille (Coquille, Mishi-kwutine-tunne) dialect speaking:

::* <small>9) Coquille (Upper Coquille, Mishikwutinetunne) Tribe;</small>

::* <small>10) Floras Creek (Kosotshe, Kusu'me, Luckkarso, Lukkarso);</small>

===Shasta Costa tribe===
IV) Chasta Costa (Shasta Costa, Chasta Kosta, Shistakoostee, Illinois River) dialect speaking:

::* <small>11) Shasta Costa Tribe;</small>

==Language==
The Tututni (Lower Rogue River Athabascan) tribes spoke dialects of the [[Tututni language|Lower Rogue River]] (or Tututni or Tututni-Shasta Costa-Coquille) language. In the 21st century, this [[Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan language]] is extinct; it was classified as part of the [[Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages#Oregon Athabaskan|Oregon Athabascan subgroup]].<ref name="ethnologue">Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World,'' Nineteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. [https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/tututni-chasta-costa-coquille-1]</ref> Dialects were '''Coquille'''<ref name="ethnologue" /> (Upper Coquille, Mishikhwutmetunee), spoken along the upper [[Coquille River (Oregon)|Coquille River]]; '''Tututni'''<ref name="ethnologue" /> (Tututunne, Naltunnetunne, Mikonotunne, Kwatami, Chemetunne, Chetleshin, Khwaishtunnetunnne); '''Euchre Creek''', and '''Chasta Costa''' (Illinois River, ''Šista Qʼʷə́sta'').

'''[[Lower Rogue River language|Lower Rogue River]]''' (also known as Tututni)
:: <small>dialects:</small>
::* <small>Upper Coquille (also known as Coquille, Mishikhwutinetunee)</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Coquille (also known as Mishi-khwutine-tunee, Upper Coquille)</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Flores Creek</small>
::* <small>Tututni</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Tututunne</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Naltunnetunne</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Mikwunutunne (also known as Mikonotunne, Mackanotin)</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Joshua (also known as Chemetunne, Yashute)</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Sixes (also known as Kwatami)</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Pistol River (also known as Chetleshin)</small>
::: '''-''' <small>Wishtenatin (also known as Khwaishtunnetunnne)</small>
::* <small>Euchre Creek (also known as Yukichetunne)</small>
::* <small>Chasta Costa (also known as Illinois River, Chastacosta, Chasta Kosta)</small>

==History==
The first contact between Tututni tribe and Europeans came in the late 1700s when British, Spanish and American ships explored Oregon's coastal region.<ref name = "aneyhamel">Warren W. Aney and Alisha Hamel, ''Oregon Military,'' Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing</ref> In the spring of 1792, some Tututni met British explorer Captain [[George Vancouver]].<ref name = "ruby"/> Merchants traded with the Tututni for sea otter pelts. With the arrival of settlers, infectious diseases new to the Native Americans were transmitted, resulting in the deaths of 75% to 90% of the populations of many Oregon native peoples. They did not have any acquired immunity to these diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and others that were endemic among Europeans and Americans.<ref name = "aneyhamel"/>

In the 1840s the first wagon trains carrying immigrants started arriving overland to Oregon (Emigrant Road or Oregon Trail), but the region remained peaceful for some time.<ref name = "aneyhamel"/>

During the 1850s the Tututni game trails and hunting grounds were destroyed by whites clearing land for farms. In 1851 some settlers built Port Orford on Tututni land. The Tututni came under more pressure as settlers and miners were attracted to Port Orford after the discovery of gold in the Rogue River valley.<ref name = "ruby"/> Mining activities heightened the competition for resources and tensions between the Tututni and the European Americans. Armed conflicts finally led to the Rogue River Wars of 1855–1856, in which United States troops, volunteer militia and others fought against the Native Americans.<ref name = "aneyhamel"/> In February 1856 Tututni attacked the Gold Beach Guards, who were encamped opposite the large Tututni village at Port Orford. In the conflict the Tututni burned most of the settlers' homes between Port Orford and Smith River.<ref name = "ruby"/>

After the [[Rogue River Wars]] in 1856, the Tututni and other [[Rogue River Indians]] were removed from this area, forced to settle on the [[Coast Indian Reservation]] (the base of the [[Confederated Tribes of Siletz]]), considerably north of their traditional territory, or the [[Grand Ronde Indian Reservation]], base of what is known as the [[Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon]].<ref>Schwartz, ''The Rogue River Indian War and Its Aftermath,'' pp. 146–149.</ref><ref>Douthit, ''Uncertain Encounters,'' pp. 157–158.</ref>

The several tribes at each of these reservations have intermarried and their descendants are counted as enrolled members of the consolidated tribes.

The Tututni Tribe is not a federally acknowledged tribe, but the Confederated Tribes of Siletz is a recognized tribe.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. [https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/tututni-chasta-costa-coquille-1]
*Glottolog 2.7 edited by Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Bank, Sebastian
*Robert H. Ruby. "A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest" [https://books.google.com/books?id=-7zBc-pqnGsC&dq=Tututni+tribe+lived&pg=PA246]. University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.
*Warren W. Aney and Alisha Hamel, "Oregon Military ", Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina, {{ISBN|978-1-4671-1658-9}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPiDAAAQBAJ&dq=tututni+first+contact&pg=PA9]
*E.A. Schwartz, ''The Rogue River indian War and Its Aftermath, 1850-1980.'' Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.
*Wayne Suttles Volume editor "Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest Coast" Volume 7, Jay Miller and William R. Seaburg "Athapaskans of Southwestern Oregon", Government Printing Office, Smithsonian Institution Washington, 1990 [https://books.google.com/books?id=M7KRhRt3i2cC&dq=Tututni+tribe+include+the+Kwatami%2CYukichetunne%2C+Chemetunne%2C+Mikonotunne%2C&pg=PA586]

==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=-7zBc-pqnGsC&dq=Tututni+tribe+lived&pg=PA246 A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest, Tututni]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=M7KRhRt3i2cC&dq=Tututni+tribe+include+the+Kwatami%2CYukichetunne%2C+Chemetunne%2C+Mikonotunne%2C&pg=PA586 Handbook of North American Indians: Northwest Coast]

{{authority control}}{{Indigenous peoples of California}}

[[Category:Tututni| ]]
[[Category:Athabaskan peoples]]
[[Category:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in Oregon]]