View source for Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh

{{short description|Limited-edition Apple computer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox information appliance
| name = Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh
| codename = {{Unbulleted list
    | Pomona
    | Smoke & Mirrors
    | Spartacus<ref>{{Cite book |last=Linzmayer |first=Owen W. |url=https://archive.org/details/appleconfidentia0000linz |title=Apple Confidential 2.0 |publisher=[[No Starch Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-59327-010-0 |page=49 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
    }}
| image = Apple Museum (Prague) 20th Anniversary Mac (1997).jpg
| caption = Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh
| developer = [[Apple, Inc|Apple Computer]]
| type = [[All-in-one PC|All-in-one]]
| releasedate = {{Start date|1997|03|20}}
| lifespan = {{age in years and months|1997|03|20|1998|03|14}}
| price = {{US$|7499|1997|link=yes}}
| discontinued = {{End date|1998|03|14}}
| unitsshipped = 11,601<ref name="Centre for Computing History">{{Cite web |title=Apple Macintosh Twentieth Anniversary Edition |url=https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/70422/Apple-Macintosh-Twentieth-Anniversary-Edition/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=The Centre for Computing History}}</ref>
| media = {{Unbulleted list
  | Floppy Drive ([[SuperDrive]])
  | CD-ROM (4× speed)
  }}
| os = [[System 7|Mac OS 7.6.1]] – [[Mac OS 9]].1
| cpu = [[PowerPC 600#PowerPC 603e and 603ev|PowerPC 603ev]]
| CPUspeed = 250&nbsp;MHz
| memory = '''RAM''' (2 slots): 32–128 [[Megabyte|MB]] <br />'''VRAM''': 2&nbsp;MB
| storage = '''Hard Drive''': 2&nbsp;[[Gigabyte|GB]] [[AT Attachment|IDE]]
| display = 12.1" [[Active-matrix liquid-crystal display|active-matrix LCD]], 800×600 or 640×480 @ up to 16-bits
| graphics = [[ATI Rage|ATI 3D RAGE II]]
| sound = 
| input = {{Unbulleted list
  | '''Rear Ports''':
  | {{in5|3}} Audio input
  | {{in5|3}} Audio output
  | {{in5|3}} DB-25 [[SCSI]]
  | {{in5|3}} TV Tuner
  | {{in5|3}} FM Tuner
  | '''Rear Side Ports (under cover)''':
  | {{in5|3}} 2× DIN-8 [[GeoPort]]s
  | {{in5|3}} [[Apple Desktop Bus|ADB]]
  | {{in5|3}} S-Video In
  | {{in5|3}} Sound Line In
  | '''Expansion Slots''':
  | {{in5|3}} 1 Comm Slot
  | {{in5|3}} 2 PCI Slots
  }}
| dimensions = '''Height''': {{cvt|17.5|in}}<br />'''Width''': {{cvt|16.5|in}}<br />'''Depth''': {{cvt|10|in}}
| weight = {{cvt|14.9|lb}}
| predecessor = [[Power Macintosh 5500]]
| successor = [[Power Macintosh G3#All-In-One|Power Macintosh G3 All-In-One]]
}}

The '''Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh''' (or "TAM") is a limited-edition [[personal computer]] released in 1997 to mark [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s 20th anniversary. The machine was a technological showcase of the day, boasting a number of features beyond simple computing, and with a price tag aimed at the "executive" market.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Myslewski |first=Rik |date=January 24, 2009 |title=25 years of Mac – the good, the bad, and the cheese grater |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/01/24/best_and_worst_macs/print.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004173506/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/01/24/best_and_worst_macs/print.html |archive-date=October 4, 2012 |access-date=October 3, 2012 |website=The Register}}</ref>

== History ==
April 1, 1996, marked 20 years since the day that [[Steve Jobs]], [[Steve Wozniak]], and [[Ronald Wayne]] came together to form Apple Computer. As this milestone arrived and came to the attention of Apple's then-current executives, the decision was made to release a limited edition Macintosh computer to celebrate—and so the "Spartacus" (or "Pomona", or "Smoke & Mirrors") project was born.

The normal time-span to develop a new Macintosh computer was 18+ months, although available time was less. However, the design team had already been working on several "dream" concepts, and soon settled on the most feasible of those: the (almost) [[All-in-one computer|all-in-one]] LCD-based design. To reduce development time, many off-the-shelf components were used on the new computer's internals.

The TAM was announced almost 21 years to the day after Jobs and Wozniak incorporated the company, in January 1997 at MacWorld Expo, San Francisco. It was given a release date of March 20, 1997,<ref>{{Cite web |title=20th Anniversary Macintosh |url=http://www.apple-history.com/?page=gallery&model=anniversary&performa=off&sort=date&order=ASC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102174105/http://apple-history.com/?page=gallery&model=anniversary&sort=date&performa=off&order=ASC |archive-date=January 2, 2010 |access-date=August 1, 2009 |website=Apple-History.com}}</ref> with a retail price of £5,545 or €6,637. Originally intended as a mainstream product, the marketing group turned it into a pricey special edition.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kahney |first=Leander |title=Jony Ive: The Genius Behind Apple's Greatest Products |publisher=Portfolio Hardcover |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-59184-617-8 |location=USA}}</ref>

Upon its unveiling, the TAM was predicted to cost {{US$|9000}}, which would include a direct-to-door [[concierge]] delivery service. At release the price was reduced to {{US$|7499}}. In the middle of the machine's sales lifespan Apple dropped the price further to around {{US$|3500}}, and finally upon discontinuation in March 1998 the price was set to {{US$|1995}}.{{sfnb|Linzmayer|2004|page=266}} Customers who paid full price for the TAM, and then complained to Apple when the price was so drastically cut, were offered a free high-end PowerBook as compensation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=April 10, 2017 |title=Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh › Mac History |url=https://www.mac-history.net/apple-history-2/mac/2017-04-10/twentieth-anniversary-macintosh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405094926/https://www.mac-history.net/apple-history-2/mac/2017-04-10/twentieth-anniversary-macintosh |archive-date=April 5, 2022 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Specifications and design ==
The TAM featured a 250&nbsp;MHz [[PowerPC#General-purpose PowerPC processors|PowerPC 603ev]] processor and 12.1" [[Active-matrix liquid crystal display|active matrix LCD]] from a PowerBook 3400c/G3 Kanga,<ref>{{Cite web |title=20th Anniversary Mac {{!}} Low End Mac |url=https://lowendmac.com/1997/20th-anniversary-mac/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=lowendmac.com}}</ref> powered by an [[ATI Technologies|ATI]] 3D Rage II video chipset with 2&nbsp;MB of VRAM capable of displaying up to 16-bit color at either 800x600 or 640x480 pixels. It had a vertically mounted 4x SCSI [[CD-ROM]] and an Apple floppy [[SuperDrive]], a 2&nbsp;GB [[AT Attachment|ATA]] hard drive, a TV/FM tuner, an S-Video input card, and a custom-made [[Bose Corporation|Bose]] sound system<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2017 |title=Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh: Technical Specifications |url=https://support.apple.com/kb/SP408?locale=en_US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325042818/https://support.apple.com/kb/SP408?locale=en_US |archive-date=March 25, 2021 |access-date=March 23, 2021 |website=support.apple.com}}</ref> including two "Jewel" speakers and a subwoofer built into the externally located power supply "base unit".

A thick "umbilical" cable connects the base unit to the head unit, supplying both power, and communications for the subwoofer. The umbilical connects via a multi-pin connector, which is a possible cause of the TAM's one major fault: the "[[Mains hum|speaker buzz]]". Inspections of units that received a repair by Apple due to the speaker buzz found one or more extra resistors had been installed in the umbilical. Ensuring the connectors are free of dust/dirt has also been known to resolve the "buzz", though the buzz ultimately only affected a small percentage of machines. An Apple Engineer noted<ref>{{Cite web |title=TAM Community |url=http://tam.axon.net/tam/webx?14%40%5E608%40.ee6b2b4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000421061727/http://tam.axon.net/tam/webx?14%40%5E608%40.ee6b2b4 |archive-date=April 21, 2000}}</ref> that the thick umbilical was intended to power a higher end CPU, however that option was ultimately curtailed, though the diameter of the umbilical remained.

The TAM came with a unique 75 key [[Apple Desktop Bus|ADB]] keyboard which featured leather palm-rests and a [[touchpad|trackpad]] instead of a mouse. The trackpad could be detached from the keyboard if desired, with a small leather insert found underneath the keyboard ready to fill the gap. When not required, the keyboard could slide under the TAM's head unit, leaving the trackpad exposed for continued access. The TAM also came with a remote control (standard with the Apple TV/FM Tuner card), but also featured buttons on the front panel that could control sound levels, CD playback, brightness, contrast, and TV mode. The pre-installed operating system was a specialized version of [[System 7|Mac OS 7.6.1]], which allowed control over those features. It is the last Macintosh model able to boot and run [[System 7]] natively.

Expandability was offered via a 7-inch [[Peripheral Component Interconnect|PCI]] slot and [[Apple Communication Slot|Apple Communication slot II]] for the addition of Ethernet. Later G3 upgrade options offered by Sonnet and NewerTechnologies made use of the TAM's Level II Cache slot, which allow the computer to reach speeds of up to 500&nbsp;MHz. All of these options come at the price of the TAM's slim profile. The back panel must be removed, and replaced with an (included) "hunchback" cover that adds several inches to the depth of the machine.

The TAM featured a unique [[Macintosh startup#Startup chime|startup chime]] that was made exclusively for this model, and was not used on any other Macintosh models. 

The TAM motherboard is similar to PowerMac 6500. Certain TAM features can be unlocked in 6500 by hardware modification.https://68kmla.org/bb/index.php?threads/photo-request-5500-6500-and-tam-logic-board.46450/

== Production and release ==
The TAM was released in the US, Japan, France, Germany, and the UK. Apple produced 12,000 units, of which 11,601 were sold and 399 were kept by Apple for use as spare parts.<ref name="Centre for Computing History" />

Both of Apple's founders, [[Steve Wozniak]] and [[Steve Jobs]], received a TAM. When "Woz" allowed people to see into his office via webcam in the late 1990s, his TAM was visible on his desk.

Due to the scarcity of scale, rather than training all Apple authorized technicians in repairing the TAM, Apple opted to ship faulty units to three central locations worldwide: one per continent. The US location was the [[Kodak|Eastman Kodak Company]]'s service center in Rochester, New York. Apple's Service Source CD, containing information for authorized technicians in the repair of Apple computers, lists the TAM as a "closed unit", to be returned to said repair locations for all repairs. It does not contain a "take apart" guide for the TAM.

== Websites ==
Rather than a simple page on Apple's website, the TAM was given its own website, albeit one of only six brief pages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Showing Now: Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh Unmasked |url=http://twentiethanniversary.apple.com/usa-w.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980428071033/http://twentiethanniversary.apple.com/usa-w.html |archive-date=April 28, 1998 |website=twentiethanniversary.apple.com}}</ref> This was a departure from Apple's standard advertising practice for its other Macintosh computers of the time. The website was shut down by Apple in 1999 and redirected to the main Apple website.

Not long after the TAM's release, a community website was created by Bob Bernardara, a TAM owner in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to The 20th Anniversary Macintosh Web Site |url=http://tam.axon.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990125092234/http://tam.axon.net:80/ |archive-date=January 25, 1999 |website=tam.axon.net}}</ref> He created the site for TAM owners and it featured news and information about the TAM, along with links to useful software and a forum for discussions. Apple had an active link to the site shortly before the last TAM rolled was made.

<blockquote>Welcome to The 20th Anniversary Macintosh Web Site—the "Official" home of the TAM user community. This is the place where 20th Anniversary Macintosh owners can share a wealth of information on this "insanely great" product. The TAM (Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh) is a unique machine in the world of computers and this site will help you get the most out of yours.</blockquote>

The TAM site actively ran for several years and it eventually had to shut down when Bernardara could not contact Axon, the Australian hosting company who hosted the site, to make critical updates.

A number of newer TAM community websites have appeared over the years.

== Discontinuation ==
Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997. In March 1998 he made sweeping changes, including scrapping the [[MessagePad|Newton MessagePad]]. It was at this time that the TAM was discontinued, and remaining stocks reduced to {{US$|1995}}. The timing itself was not conspicuous, most Apple computers only feature a 1-year production run, and the TAM production run began in March 1997. However, Jobs stated that he hated the TAM.<ref name="Martin">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Mel |date=March 20, 2009 |title=Remembering the TAM |url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/03/20/remembering-the-tam/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914173211/https://www.engadget.com/2009/03/20/remembering-the-tam/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |access-date=September 14, 2017 |website=engadget}}</ref> Dealers in the US ran out of stock within 14 days of the final price drop.

== Reception ==
The TAM was criticized for being too expensive compared to other computers. ''[[PC World]]'' placed the TAM as 25th in their "Worst Tech Products of All Time" feature in 2006, citing it as one of the priciest listed personal computer with played-out specs.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tynan |first=Dan |date=May 26, 2006 |title=The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/125772/worst_products_ever.html?page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420002425/https://www.pcworld.com/article/125772/worst_products_ever.html?page=7 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |access-date=August 12, 2018 |work=[[PC World]] |language=en}}</ref> Furthermore, Steve Jobs reportedly disliked the TAM in 1997 before he re-joined Apple.<ref name="Martin"/>

== Legacy ==
While the Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh may not have been a well-known machine for its time, nor a big seller, it did have a lasting influence on personal computers. [[Jony Ive]] refined the original concept of the TAM. He then became director of the Industrial Design Group,{{sfnb|Linzmayer|2004|page=295}} in charge of designing later computers. The LCD-based all-in-one design was revisited with the [[iMac G4]] (2002), while the [[iMac G5]] (2004) re-introduced the vertically mounted internal components. The removable trackpad of the TAM also shares similarities with the [[Magic Trackpad]].

== In popular culture ==

Due to its unconventional design, the TAM has been featured in numerous films and television series, including:

* ''[[Seinfeld]]'': Several episodes of the [[Seinfeld (season 9)|ninth and final season]] in [[Jerry Seinfeld (character)|Jerry]]'s apartment.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kahney |first=Leander |url=https://archive.org/details/cultofmac00kahn |title=The Cult of Mac |publisher=[[No Starch Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=1-59327-122-0 |page=70 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
* ''[[Friends]]'': Behind Chandler's office desk in the fourth season, in the episode "The One With the Worst Best Man Ever".
* ''[[The Real World: Seattle]]'': Present on the desk in the Pier 70 office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Real Truth behind MTV's 1998 series The Real World – Seattle |url=http://www.realworldhouses.com/rw7office.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205072632/http://www.realworldhouses.com/rw7office.html |archive-date=December 5, 2010 |access-date=January 24, 2011 |website=realworldhouses.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Sabrina (1995 film)|Sabrina]]'' (1995): A prototype TAM is on the desk of Linus Larrabee. The TAM prototype sits on the far right side of Linus, on a dedicated side desk. The CD player has a see through port in the middle of the door that allows for the CD to be inserted and removed, this see through feature was removed in the production version that has a solid dark grey plastic door. The actual unit that Linus had on his desk was Apple's in-house development model that Apple lent to the studio.
* ''[[Batman & Robin (film)|Batman & Robin]]'' (1997): Used by [[Alfred Pennyworth|Alfred]] to write a CD (a capability the real computer did not have).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh |url=http://www.starringthecomputer.com/computer.php?c=30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523085616/http://starringthecomputer.com/computer.php?c=30 |archive-date=May 23, 2009 |access-date=April 1, 2010 |website=Starring the Computer}}</ref>
* ''[[Serial Experiments Lain]]'' (1998): The first computer Lain has is a red-colored TAM.
* ''[[Children of Men]]'' (2006): A TAM is used in Jasper's hideout to show video feeds of intruders breaking in. In this movie it would be 30 years old, as the film is set in 2027.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://support.apple.com/kb/SP408 Apple TAM Tech Spec page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100802162835/http://appletam.ning.com/ Enthusiast Website – Forums, Pictures and Videos] 404!

{{Apple hardware before 1998}}
{{Apple hardware}}

[[Category:Macintosh all-in-ones]]
[[Category:Macintosh case designs]]
[[Category:PowerPC Macintosh computers]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1997]]
[[Category:Discontinued Apple Inc. products]]
[[Category:Jubilees]]