View source for Tyne and Wear Metro

{{short description|Rapid-transit rail network in north-east England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox public transit
| box_width = 340px
| name = Tyne and Wear Metro
| image = Tyne Wear Metro logo.svg
| imagesize = 120px
| image2 = Tyne_and_Wear_Metrocar_4053.jpg
| imagesize2 = 300px
| caption2 = A [[Tyne and Wear Metrocar|Metrocar]] at [[Chillingham Road Metro station|Chillingham Road]] in 2024, branded in the current black and yellow colour scheme.
| image3 = Tyne & Wear Metro diagram.png
| imagesize3 = 300px
| caption3 = System map of the Tyne and Wear Metro network.
| locale = [[Tyne and Wear]]
| transit_type = {{ubl|[[Light rail]]|[[Rapid transit]]}}
| lines = [[#Services|2]]
| stations = [[List of Tyne and Wear Metro stations|60]]
| annual_ridership = 32.2{{nbsp}}million (2024/25)<ref name="dft">{{cite web |title=Light rail and tram statistics, England: year ending March 2025 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/light-rail-and-tram-statistics-england-year-ending-march-2025/light-rail-and-tram-statistics-england-year-ending-march-2025|publisher=Department for Transport |access-date=5 November 2025}}</ref><br />{{increase}} 4.9%
| headquarters = {{ubl|Station Road|[[Gosforth]]|[[Newcastle upon Tyne]]}}
| began_operation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1980|8|11}}
| owner = [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive]] (Nexus)
| operator = [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive]] (Nexus)
| chief_executive = 
| vehicles = {{ubl|71 (90) [[Tyne and Wear Metro rolling stock|Metrocars]]|11 (46) {{brc|555}}}}
| train_length = {{cvt|27.81|m|ftin}}
| system_length = {{cvt|77.5|km|mi}}<ref name="TAGBI" />
| track_gauge = {{track gauge|uksg|allk=on}}
| el = {{1,500 V DC|conductor=overhead}}
| minimum_radius_of_curvature = 
| top_speed = {{cvt|80|kph|mph}}
| map_name = 
| map = {{Tyne and Wear Metro|inline=1}}
| map_state = collapsed
| website = {{Official URL}}
| alt = 
| caption = 
| area served = {{plainlist|
* [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]
* [[Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead|Gateshead]]
* [[North Tyneside]]
* [[South Tyneside]]
* [[City of Sunderland]]
}}
| line_number = 
| start = 
| end = 
| character = 
}}

The '''Tyne and Wear Metro''' is an overground and underground [[light rail]] [[rapid transit]] system<ref>{{cite web |url = https://uktram.org/systems/tyne-and-wear-metro/ |title = Tyne and Wear Metro |website = uktram.org |language = en-GB |access-date = 21 May 2021 |archive-date = 4 February 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230204093642/https://uktram.org/systems/tyne-and-wear-metro/ |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Light Rail and Tram Statistics, England: 2019/20 |url = https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/951076/light-rail-and-tram-statistics-england-march-2020.pdf |publisher = [[Department for Transport]] |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref name="TO1998">{{cite web |title = The Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport (Sunderland) Order 1998 |url = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1998/3269/article/38/made#f00023 |publisher = Legislation.gov.uk |access-date = 21 May 2021 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 May 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210521165821/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1998/3269/article/38/made#f00023 |url-status = live }}</ref> serving [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], [[Gateshead]], [[North Tyneside]], [[South Tyneside]], and the [[City of Sunderland]] (together forming [[Tyne and Wear]]). The owners Nexus have described it as "Britain’s first light rapid transit system".<ref name="Metrobuilt">{{Cite web |title = How Metro was built |url = http://www.nexus.org.uk/history/how-metro-was-built |access-date = 4 April 2015 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 2 April 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122332/http://www.nexus.org.uk/history/how-metro-was-built |url-status = live }}</ref> The system is currently both [[#Ownership|owned and operated]] by the [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive]] (Nexus), thus is fully under [[state ownership|public ownership]] and operation.

The Metro was originally conceived of during the early 1970s, incorporating much of the earlier infrastructure formerly used by the [[Tyneside Electrics]] suburban network, with some elements dating back as far as 1834. Construction work began in 1974, the majority of this activity being centred on the building of new tunnels and bridges that linked with several preexisting railway lines that were converted. In parallel, a purpose-built fleet of [[Tyne and Wear Metrocar|Metrocars]] was procured. The first section of the Tyne and Wear Metro was opened during August 1980, and construction of the original network was completed in March 1984. Early on, Metro operations were [[integrated public transport|integrated with local bus services]], although this practice ended with the [[Bus deregulation in Great Britain|deregulation of the buses]] during the mid-1980s.

Multiple extensions to the original network were promptly worked upon; the first of these, from [[Bank Foot Metro station|Bank Foot]] to [[Newcastle International Airport|Newcastle Airport]], was opened during November 1991.<ref name="nexus airportextension">{{Cite web |date = 17 November 2016 |title = Metro's airport extension celebrates its 25th year |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metros-airport-extension-celebrates-its-25th-year |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 6 June 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606180858/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metros-airport-extension-celebrates-its-25th-year |url-status = live }}</ref> A second extension, from [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] to [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]] and [[South Hylton Metro station|South Hylton]], was completed in March 2002.<ref name="bbc sunderextend2020">{{Cite news |date = 1 April 2002 |title = Metro system extended to Sunderland |language = en-GB |work = BBC News |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1905281.stm |access-date = 18 March 2020 |archive-date = 18 January 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230118212618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1905281.stm |url-status = live }}</ref> By 2013, the network comprised a total of 60 stations (these being a mixture of underground and above-ground stations) across two lines, covering {{cvt|77.5|km|mi}} of track.<ref name="longterm 1993">{{Cite web |last1 = Davoudi |first1 = S. |last2 = Gillard |first2 = A. |last3 = Healey |first3 = P. |last4 = Pullen |first4 = B. |last5 = Raybould |first5 = S. |last6 = Robinson |first6 = F. |last7 = Silcock |first7 = D. |last8 = Usher |first8 = D. |last9 = Wymer |first9 = C. |date = 1 January 1993 |title = The longer term effects of the Tyne and Wear Metro |url = https://trl.co.uk/reports/CR357 |access-date = 30 June 2018 |website = trl.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 30 June 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180630214102/https://trl.co.uk/reports/CR357 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="railwaytechnology">{{Cite web |title = Tyne & Wear Metro Rapid Transit System, United Kingdom |url = http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/tyne/ |access-date = 14 March 2013 |website = railway-technology.com |archive-date = 11 June 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170611142629/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/tyne/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TTstations2">{{Cite web |title = Tyne and Wear Metro: Stations |url = http://www.thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/stations/ |access-date = 1 March 2017 |website = thetrams.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 2 March 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170302112804/http://www.thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/stations/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="TAGBI" /> While the Metro has largely been operated by Nexus directly, for a period between 2010 and 2017, it was operated under a concession by [[DB Regio]] instead; upon the expiry of the contract, it returned to being operated by Nexus.

During 2016, Nexus launched a programme to replace its [[Tyne and Wear Metrocar|existing rolling stock]], which dates back to the 1980s. Under the ''Metro Flow'' scheme, announced in March 2020, works costing £103{{nbsp}}million are to increase the service frequency from five to six trains per hour, reduce journey times and improve reliability levels. The first replacement [[British Rail Class 555|Class 555]] articulated light rail train entered passenger service on 18 December 2024.

== History ==
=== Predecessor ===
{{main|Tyneside Electrics}}
[[File:South Tyneside Electric train at Newcastle Central, 1938, geograph-4869768-by-Walter-Dendy,-deceased.jpg|thumb|left|A South Tyneside [[NER electric units|NER electric unit]] at [[Newcastle railway station|Newcastle Central station]], 1938]]

The present system uses much former railway infrastructure, mostly constructed between 1834 and 1882, one of the oldest parts being the [[Newcastle & North Shields Railway|Newcastle and North Shields Railway]], which opened in 1839. During 1904, in response to [[Newcastle Corporation Tramways|tramway competition]] which was taking away passengers, the [[North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)|North Eastern Railway]] started [[railway electrification in Great Britain|electrifying]] parts of their local railway network north of the [[River Tyne]] with a 600{{nbsp}}[[Volt|V]] [[direct current|DC]] [[third-rail]] system, forming one of the earliest suburban electric networks, known as the ''[[Tyneside Electrics]]''. In 1938, the line south of the [[River Tyne]] between [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] and {{rws|South Shields}} was also electrified.<ref name="TNEE"/>

Under [[British Rail]] in the 1960s, the decision was made to de-electrify the ''Tyneside Electrics'' network and convert it to diesel operation, owing to falling passenger numbers and the cost of renewing end-of-life electrical infrastructure and rolling stock. The Newcastle to [[South Shields]] line was de-electrified in 1963, followed by the [[North Tyneside]] routes, in 1967.<ref name="TAGBI">{{Cite book |last = Schwandle |first = Robert |title = Tram Atlas Britain & Ireland |publisher = Robert Schwandl |year = 2015 |isbn = 9783936573459 |location = Berlin, Germany |pages = 132–137}}</ref><ref name="TNEE">{{Cite book |last = Hoole |first = K. |title = North Eastern Electrics: The History of the Tyneside Electric Passenger Services, 1904–67 |publisher = The Oakwood Press |year = 1987 |isbn = 9780853613589 |location = United Kingdom}} {{page needed|date=March 2024}}</ref> This was widely viewed as a backward step, as the [[diesel multiple unit|diesel trains]] were slower than the electric trains they replaced.<ref name="SRT23">{{Cite book |last = Young |first = Alan |title = Suburban Railways of Tyneside |publisher = Martin Bairstow |year = 1999 |isbn = 9781871944204 |page = 23}}</ref>

=== Planning and construction{{anchor|Tyneside Metropolitan Railway Act 1973}} ===
During the early 1970s, the poor local transport system was identified as one of the main factors holding back the region's economy, and in 1971 a study was commissioned by the recently created [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Authority|Tyneside Passenger Transport Authority]] (now known as Nexus) into how the transport system could be improved. This study recommended reviving the badly run-down former Tyneside Electrics network by converting it into an electrified [[rapid transit]] system, which would include a new underground section to better serve the busy central areas of Newcastle and [[Gateshead]], as it was felt that the existing rail network didn't serve these areas adequately. This new system was intended to be the core of a new integrated transport network, with buses acting as feeders to purpose-built transport interchanges. The plans were approved by the Tyneside Metropolitan Railway Act 1973 (c. xxxii), which was passed by Parliament in July.<ref>{{ukhansard |house = HC |date = 25 July 1973 |vol = 860 |cc = 1677-1678}}</ref><ref>{{ukhansard |house = HL |date = 25 July 1973 |vol = 344 |cc = 1829-1830}}</ref> Around 70% of the funding for the scheme came from a central [[Government of the United Kingdom|government]] grant, with the remainder coming from local sources.<ref name="Nexus-history">{{Cite web |title = Landmarks in urban transport |url = http://www.nexus.org.uk/history/landmarks-urban-transport |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 24 March 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160324131623/http://www.nexus.org.uk/history/landmarks-urban-transport |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="nexus meetmetro">{{Cite book |title = Meet Your Metro |date = June 1978 |publisher = Tyne and Wear Transport}}</ref>

{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Tyneside Metropolitan Railway Act 1973
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = United Kingdom
| long_title            = An Act to empower the Tyneside Passenger Transport Executive to construct works and to acquire lands; to authorise the Executive to enter into agreements with the British Railways Board with respect to certain existing railways of the Board including provision for the determination of questions arising concerning the alteration, maintenance and operation thereof for rapid transit; to confer general powers upon the Executive with respect to the rapid transit railway and their general undertaking; and for other purposes.
| year                  = 1973
| citation              = [[List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1973|1973]] c. xxxii
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 25 July 1973
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = Current
| legislation_history   = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = yes
| UK-LEG_title          = Tyneside Metropolitan Railway Act 1973
| collapsed             = yes
}}
[[File:This photograph shows a completed view of the Byker Viaduct in the summer of 1979. (8691414027).jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|The [[Byker Viaduct]] was the first in Britain to be built using [[cantilever]]ed concrete sections with joints glued with [[epoxy resin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Moavenzadeh |first1 = Fred |title = Concise Encyclopedia of Building and Construction Materials |year = 1990 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YiJaEAUj258C&q=Byker+Viaduct&pg=PA18 |publisher = The Mit Press |isbn = 9780262132480 |access-date = 27 March 2017}}</ref>]]
Three railway lines, totalling {{convert|26|mi|km}} were to be converted into Metro lines as part of the initial system – these being the [[North Tyneside Loop]] and Newcastle to South Shields branch (both of which were formerly part of the ''Tyneside Electrics'' network), and a short stretch of the freight-only [[Ponteland Railway]] between {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|South Gosforth}} and [[Bank Foot Metro station|Bank Foot]], which had not seen any passenger traffic since 1929.<ref name="TAGBI" />

The converted railway lines were to be connected by around {{cvt|6|mi|km|0}} of new infrastructure, which was built both to separate the Metro from the existing rail network, and also to create the new underground routes under Newcastle and Gateshead. Around {{cvt|4|mi|km|0}} of the new infrastructure was in [[#Tunnels|tunnels]], whilst the remainder was either at ground level or elevated. The elevated sections included the [[Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne|Queen Elizabeth II Bridge]], a new {{convert|350|m|ft|abbr=on|}} bridge carrying the Metro across the River Tyne, and the {{convert|815|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[Byker Viaduct]] across the [[Ouseburn Valley]], between {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Byker}} and {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Manors}}.<ref name="TAGBI" /><ref name="nexus meetmetro" />

Construction work began in October 1974. This involved the construction of the new infrastructure, re-electrifying the routes with [[overhead line]] equipment, the upgrading or relocation of existing stations, and the construction of several new stations, some of which were underground.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2018-12/bridgesmainbody.pdf |title = River Tyne Crossings & Newcastle Bridges: Local Studies Factsheet No. 1 |publisher = [[Newcastle City Council]] |date = June 2009 |access-date = 4 March 2024 |archive-date = 27 May 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220527213811/https://www.newcastle.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2018-12/bridgesmainbody.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name = "Robert 1980">{{cite web |url = https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=bse-cr-001:1980:11::195 |title = Design of the Byker Viaduct |last = Benaim |first = Robert |publisher = ETH-Bibliothek |date = November 1980}}</ref> By 1984, the final cost of the project was £265{{nbsp}}million (equivalent to £{{Inflation|UK-GDP|265|1984|r=0|fmt=c}}{{nbsp}}million in {{Inflation/year|UK-GDP}}).<ref name="SRT">{{Cite book |last = Young |first = Alan |title = Suburban Railways of Tyneside |publisher = Martin Bairstow |year = 1999 |isbn = 9781871944204 |pages = 90–94}}</ref>{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}} The Tyne and Wear Metro was the first railway in the United Kingdom to operate using the [[metric system]], with all speeds and distances stated in [[metric units]] only.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 22 September 2011 |title = Guide to Travelling on the Tyne & Wear Metro |url = http://www.rcts.org.uk/branches/north_east/page.htm?id=north%20east/metro |access-date = 22 July 2012 |publisher = Railway Correspondence and Travel Society (RCTS) |language = en-GB |archive-date = 4 March 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053714/http://www.rcts.org.uk/branches/north_east/page.htm?id=north%20east%2Fmetro |url-status = dead }}</ref> It was also the first transport system in the United Kingdom to be designed to be fully [[accessibility|accessible]] to passengers with disabilities, with step-free access available at all stations across the network.<ref name="CLmetrohistory" />

{{Gallery
|title=Construction of the Metro
|align=center
|footer=
|Haymarket Metro Station escalator shaft (8691421213).jpg|alt1=Tunnel|The escalator shaft at [[Haymarket Metro station|Haymarket]], under construction in the late 1970s.
|Metro Bridge nearing completion, 1978 (25760168724).jpg|alt2=QEII Bridge|The [[Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne|Queen Elizabeth II Bridge]] over the [[River Tyne]], nearing completion in 1978.
|Tyne Dock Metro Station (8691436755).jpg|alt3=Tyne Dock |The Metro station at [[Tyne Dock Metro station|Tyne Dock]], under construction in the early 1980s.}}

{{clear}}

=== Opening ===
Originally, the Tyne and Wear Metro was intended to be opened in stages between 1979 and 1981.<ref name="nexus meetmetro" /> The first stages of the original network (between [[Haymarket Metro station|Haymarket]] and [[Tynemouth Metro station|Tynemouth]]) opened in August 1980, with the final stage (between [[Heworth Interchange|Heworth]] and [[South Shields]]) opening in March 1984.<ref name="TAGBI" /> Extensions to [[Newcastle International Airport|Newcastle Airport]] and [[Sunderland]] opened in 1991 and 2002 respectively. The opening dates of services and stations are as follows:<ref name="TAGBI" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+Stations by opening date
!width="15%" | Date
!Station(s)
|-
|11 August 1980
|{{Metro|Haymarket}}, {{Metro|Jesmond}}, {{Metro|West Jesmond}}, {{Metro|Ilford Road}}, {{Metro|South Gosforth}}, {{Metro|Longbenton}}, {{Metro|Four Lane Ends}}, {{Metro|Benton}}, {{Metro|Shiremoor}}, {{Metro|West Monkseaton}}, {{Metro|Monkseaton}}, {{Metro|Whitley Bay}}, {{Metro|Cullercoats}}, {{Metro|Tynemouth}}
|-
|10 May 1981
|{{Metro|Regent Centre}}, {{Metro|Wansbeck Road}}, {{Metro|Fawdon}}, {{Metro|Bank Foot}}
|-
|15 November 1981
|{{Metro|Heworth}}, {{Metro|Felling}}, {{Metro|Gateshead Stadium}}, {{Metro|Gateshead}}, {{Metro|Central Station}}, {{Metro|Monument}}{{Efn|Platforms 1 & 2 opened on 15 November 1981, with platforms 3 & 4 opening the following year.}}
|-
|14 November 1982
|{{Metro|North Shields}}, {{Metro|Meadow Well}},{{Efn|Opened as ''Smith's Park'', being renamed ''Meadow Well'' on 10 October 1994.}} {{Metro|Percy Main}}, {{Metro|Howdon}}, {{Metro|Hadrian Road}}, {{Metro|Wallsend}}, {{Metro|Walkergate}}, {{Metro|Chillingham Road}}, {{Metro|Byker}}, {{Metro|Manors}}, {{Metro|St James}}
|-
|24 March 1984
|{{Metro|Hebburn}}, {{Metro|Jarrow}}, {{Metro|Bede}}, {{Metro|Tyne Dock}}, {{Metro|Chichester}}, {{Metro|South Shields}}
|-
|15 September 1985
|{{Metro|Kingston Park}}
|-
|16 September 1985
|{{Metro|Pelaw}}
|-
|19 March 1986
|{{Metro|Palmersville}}
|-
|17 November 1991
|{{Metro|Callerton Parkway}}, {{Metro|Newcastle Airport}}
|-
|31 March 2002
|{{Metro|Fellgate}}, {{Metro|Brockley Whins}}, {{Metro|East Boldon}}, {{Metro|Seaburn}}, {{Metro|Stadium of Light}}, {{Metro|St Peter's}}, {{Metro|Sunderland}}, {{Metro|University}}, {{Metro|Millfield}}, {{Metro|Pallion}}, {{Metro|South Hylton}}
|-
|28 April 2002
|{{Metro|Park Lane}}
|-
|11 December 2005
|{{Metro|Northumberland Park}}
|-
|17 March 2008
|{{Metro|Simonside}}
|}
The Sunderland branch of the network, which runs over [[National Rail]] infrastructure, is policed by [[British Transport Police]]. The rest of the network is policed by [[Northumbria Police]].<ref name = npcc >{{cite web |url = https://northumbria-pcc.gov.uk/kim-mcguinness-announces-metro-to-get-security-teams-on-the-majority-of-evening-train-services/ |date = 19 May 2023 |title = Kim McGuinness announces Metro to get security teams on the majority of evening train services |publisher = Northumbria Police & Crime Commissioner |access-date = 5 June 2023 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 4 June 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230604170928/https://northumbria-pcc.gov.uk/kim-mcguinness-announces-metro-to-get-security-teams-on-the-majority-of-evening-train-services/ |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Integration ===
When the Tyne and Wear Metro first opened, it was intended to form part of an [[integrated public transport]] system, with the local bus network reconfigured to act as 'feeder' services for the Metro. The Metro was intended to cover trunk journeys, while buses were re-designed towards shorter, local trips, to bring passengers to and from Metro stations, using [[unified ticketing]], and with their timetable integrated with the Metro schedule. Several purpose-built transport interchanges, such as {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Four Lane Ends}}, [[Heworth Interchange|Heworth]]  and {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Regent Centre}} were built for this purpose. Integration was short-lived, and lasted until the [[Bus deregulation in Great Britain|deregulation]] of bus services, in 1986.<ref name="CLmetrohistory">{{Cite news |last = Meechan |first = Simon |date = 16 October 2016 |title = How the Tyne and Wear Metro was made - we go back 36 years to the very beginning |work = ChronicleLive |url = https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/how-tyne-wear-metro-made-12031209 |access-date = 15 June 2019 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 5 October 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181005030751/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/how-tyne-wear-metro-made-12031209 |url-status = live }}</ref> It is, however, still possible to purchase [[Transfare]] tickets, to combine a journey made using multiple modes of transport in Tyne and Wear.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Adult Transfare |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/adult-transfare |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 27 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200227135256/https://www.nexus.org.uk/adult-transfare |url-status = live }}</ref>

== Expansion and growth ==
=== Extension to Newcastle Airport ===
[[File:Callerton Parkway station (geograph 6248097).jpg|thumb|Callerton Parkway Metro station]]
During November 1991, the Tyne and Wear Metro was extended to [[Newcastle International Airport|Newcastle Airport]] at a cost of £12{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="nexus airportextension" /> The new section of track, covering a distance of around {{convert|2.2|mi|km|abbr=}}, continued along the alignment of the former [[Ponteland Railway]], with two stations constructed at [[Callerton Parkway Metro station|Callerton Parkway]] and [[Newcastle Airport Metro station|Airport]].<ref name="TAGBI" /><ref name="LRTAHLR">{{Cite web |title = The History of Tramways and Evolution of Light Rail |url = http://www.lrta.org/mrthistory.html |access-date = 8 March 2013 |publisher = Light Rail Transit Association |archive-date = 25 August 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160825170136/http://www.lrta.org/mrthistory.html }}</ref>

=== Extension to Wearside ===
In March 2002, a £100{{nbsp}}million extension, covering {{convert|11.5|mi|km|abbr=}}, was opened from {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Pelaw}} to [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]] and {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|South Hylton}}.<ref name="bbc sunderextend2020" /> The extension used part of the existing [[Durham Coast Line]], with the line being adapted to allow a shared service between Metro and rail services – therefore becoming the first system in the United Kingdom to implement a form of the [[Karlsruhe model]].<ref name="railwaytechnology" /> Between [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]], intermediate stations at [[Brockley Whins Metro station|Brockley Whins]], [[East Boldon Metro station|East Boldon]] and [[Seaburn Metro station|Seaburn]] were re-built, with a further three being purpose-built for the network, at [[Fellgate Metro station|Fellgate]], [[Stadium of Light Metro station|Stadium of Light]] and [[St Peter's Metro station|St. Peter's]]. Between [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]] and {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|South Hylton}}, around {{convert|3|mi|km|abbr=}} of the former [[York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway|Penshaw-Sunderland line]], which closed to passenger traffic in May 1964, was used as the alignment of the route. Five purpose-built stations at [[Park Lane Interchange|Park Lane]], [[University Metro station|University]], [[Millfield Metro station|Millfield]], [[Pallion Metro station|Pallion]] and [[South Hylton Metro station|South Hylton]] were constructed for the network.<ref name="TAGBI" /><ref>{{Cite web |title = Penshaw Station (1st site) |url = http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/p/penshaw_first/ |access-date = 24 March 2020 |website = disused-stations.org.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 24 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200324094225/http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/p/penshaw_first/ |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Planned extension to Washington ===
There have been a number of proposals looking in to the possibility of re-opening the former [[Leamside line]] to [[Washington, Tyne and Wear|Washington]], including a 2009 report from the [[Association of Train Operating Companies]] (ATOC),{{ATOCConnectingCommunitiesReportS10}} and a 2016 proposal from the [[North East Combined Authority]] (NECA),<ref>{{Cite web |date = 19 July 2016 |title = NECA sets out bold ambitions for Metro and local rail services |url = https://northeastca.gov.uk/news/neca-sets-out-bold-ambitions-metro-and-local-rail-services/ |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = North East Combined Authority |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200322190632/https://northeastca.gov.uk/news/neca-sets-out-bold-ambitions-metro-and-local-rail-services/ |url-status = live }}</ref> as well as the abandoned ''Project Orpheus'' programme, from the early 2000s. By 2020, proposals were being put forward to link the current network at [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[South Hylton Metro station|South Hylton]], with the [[International Advanced Manufacturing Park]] in [[Washington, Tyne and Wear|Washington]], using part of the alignment of the former [[Leamside line]].<ref>{{Cite web |last = Harrison |first = James |date = 10 January 2019 |title = Hopes Metro could be extended to business park near Sunderland's Nissan plant |url = https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/hopes-metro-could-extended-business-15652152 |access-date = 22 March 2020 |website = chroniclelive.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 10 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190110150038/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/hopes-metro-could-extended-business-15652152 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last = Harrison |first = James |date = 22 March 2020 |title = 'Detailed talks' underway to extend Metro to serve giant new business park |url = https://www.shieldsgazette.com/news/politics/council/detailed-talks-underway-extend-metro-south-tyneside-and-sunderland-serve-iamp-2503956 |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = The Shields Gazette |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321152121/https://www.shieldsgazette.com/news/politics/council/detailed-talks-underway-extend-metro-south-tyneside-and-sunderland-serve-iamp-2503956 |url-status = live }}</ref>

The first stages of a business case were published in November 2022. It will be evaluated by the [[North East Joint Transport Committee]] with the ambition to secure funding from the Government to cover the cost of the scheme, expected to be £745{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Meechan |first = Simon |date = 4 November 2022 |title = Washington Metro extension plans, map, new stations and next stage |url = https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/washington-metro-stations-happens-next-25436105 |access-date = 7 November 2022 |website = chroniclelive.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 12 August 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230812104405/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/washington-metro-stations-happens-next-25436105 |url-status = live }}</ref>

In July 2024, [[Kim McGuinness]], [[Mayor of the North East]], provided £8.6{{nbsp}}million to fund development of the expansion [[business case]].<ref name = bc24 >{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c2lk1j94nn2o | title = £8m pledged for Metro extension business case | first1 = Mark | last1 = Denten | first2 = Daniel | last2 = Holland | work = BBC News | date = 11 July 2024 | access-date = 9 August 2024 | archive-date = 9 August 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240809072202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c2lk1j94nn2o | url-status = live }}</ref> The proposal is to use the Leamside line to provide a loop by connecting from the current terminus at South Hylton to Pelaw, with stations at [[Washington South Metro station|Washington South]], [[Washington North Metro station|Washington North]] and [[Follingsby Metro station|Follingsby]].<ref name = bc24 />

In June 2025, Chancellor [[Rachel Reeves]] announced £15.6{{nbsp}}billion of funding for public transport schemes outside London, of which the NECA will receive £1.85{{nbsp}}billion. This proposes the addition of stations such as '''Follingsby''', '''Washington North''' and '''Washington South'''. This extension, running along the Leamside line will connect South Hylton and Pelaw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2025 |title=Washington Metro line to be built as part of £1.85bn funding deal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2lkwxp80kvo |access-date=4 June 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=4 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604093013/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2lkwxp80kvo |url-status=live }}</ref> The NECA confirmed that £900{{nbsp}}million of this funding would be used to build the extension to Washington (once the planning process was complete), with the remaining funds sourced from private investment, and with a targeted opening date of 2033.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=New Washington Metro line given the green light as part of £1.85bn funding package |url=https://www.shieldsgazette.com/news/people/new-ps900m-washington-metro-line-given-the-green-light-as-part-of-game-changing-ps185bn-funding-package-5159532 |access-date=4 June 2025 |website=Shields Gazette |language=en |archive-date=4 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604102619/https://www.shieldsgazette.com/news/people/new-ps900m-washington-metro-line-given-the-green-light-as-part-of-game-changing-ps185bn-funding-package-5159532 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Upgrades and development ==
=== Project Orpheus ===
During 2002, Nexus unveiled an ambitious 15-year plan for transport in Tyne and Wear, named ''Project Orpheus''. The project, valued at £1.5{{nbsp}}billion, aimed to extend the existing Metro network, including links to [[Cramlington]], [[Doxford Park]], [[Killingworth]], [[MetroCentre (shopping centre)|Metrocentre]], [[Seaham]], [[Team Valley]] and [[Washington, Tyne and Wear|Washington]]. In addition to this, plans would see the introduction of street-running trams, [[Water taxi|river buses]] across the [[River Tyne|Tyne]], and [[Aerial lift|cable cars]], linking 29 key corridors.<ref>{{Cite news |date = 17 May 2002 |title = Tram rides for Tyneside |language = en-GB |work = BBC News |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/1993003.stm |access-date = 18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date = 12 December 2002 |title = Trams closer for Tyne and Wear |language = en-GB |work = BBC News |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2568997.stm |access-date = 18 March 2020 |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809155311/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2568997.stm |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 26 August 2004 |title = Road tram plan stuck on amber |url = https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/road-tram-plan-stuck-amber-1628673 |access-date = 22 March 2020 |website = chroniclelive.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200322190630/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/road-tram-plan-stuck-amber-1628673 |url-status = live }}</ref> The project has since been abandoned, with plans reworked and developed into the ''Metro: All Change'' programme.

=== Metro: All Change ===
==== Phase 1 {{ndash}} new ticket machines, Simonside, and Haymarket modernisation ====
[[File:Simonside Metro station.jpg|thumb|[[Simonside Metro station]]]]
The first phase of Metro's ''All Change'' programme saw the start of a £25{{nbsp}}million project to install new ticket machines at all 60 stations across the network. Unlike the former ticket machines, which only accepted payment with coins, the new machines are able to accept payment with credit and debit card (with an upgrade to accept [[contactless payment]] in 2013),<ref name="contactless2020">{{Cite web |date = 13 January 2014 |title = Metro passengers feel the benefit of contactless payment |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metro-passengers-feel-benefit-contactless-payment |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 4 June 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200604223320/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metro-passengers-feel-benefit-contactless-payment |url-status = live }}</ref> notes and coins.<ref name="bbc revamp2020">{{Cite news |date = 11 December 2011 |title = Revamp for Metro ticket machines |language = en-GB |work = BBC News |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-16126081 |access-date = 17 March 2020 |archive-date = 9 January 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210109225609/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-16126081 |url-status = live }}</ref> Automated ticket barriers (at 13 stations), and smart card validators at all stations across the network were also introduced, as part of the first phase of the ''All Change'' programme.<ref name="nexus smart2012">{{Cite web |date = 22 October 2012 |title = City Metro stations get new smart ticket machines and gates |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/city-metro-stations-get-new-smart-ticket-machines-and-gates |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 3 August 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220803100617/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/city-metro-stations-get-new-smart-ticket-machines-and-gates |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="nexus validators2013">{{Cite web |date = 21 March 2013 |title = Pop card validators at Metro stations are put through their paces |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/pop-card-validators-metro-stations-are-put-through-their-paces |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 19 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151019134103/http://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/pop-card-validators-metro-stations-are-put-through-their-paces |url-status = live }}</ref>

The first phase of the programme also saw the completion of a new station at [[Simonside Metro station|Simonside]], in March 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date = 7 March 2008 |title = Nexus announces new Metro station |url = http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/Nexus-announces-new-Metro-station |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Rail Technology Magazine |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809174458/http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/Nexus-announces-new-Metro-station |url-status = live }}</ref> as well as the refurbishment and modernisation of [[Haymarket Metro station|Haymarket]], in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 17 June 2015 |title = Nexus to invest £40m in Metro modernisation over the next 12 months |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-invest-%C2%A340m-metro-modernisation-over-next-12-months |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809153202/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-invest-%C2%A340m-metro-modernisation-over-next-12-months |url-status = live }}</ref> An upgrade of platforms at [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]], and the refurbishment and modernisation of several other stations was also undertaken during this phase. Lifts and escalators were replaced at several stations, between 2009 and 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 10 December 2009 |title = Nexus completes £1m Metro lift replacement project |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-completes-%C2%A31m-metro-lift-replacement-project |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809160851/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-completes-%C2%A31m-metro-lift-replacement-project |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 23 March 2016 |title = Metro says goodbye to its last original escalator |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metro-says-goodbye-its-last-original-escalator |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809165934/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metro-says-goodbye-its-last-original-escalator |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 26 April 2012 |title = New escalators for city centre Metro stations |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/new-escalators-city-centre-metro-stations |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB}}</ref> Phase 1 of the programme also involved the overhaul of infrastructure, including communications, track and overhead power lines, structures and embankments.

==== Phase 2 {{ndash}} Metrocar refurishment, and rebuilding of North Shields ====
[[File:Tyne & Wear Metro Train at Newcastle Airport Station (geograph 5893096).jpg|thumb|Post-refurbishment [[Tyne and Wear Metrocar]]]]
Phase 2 of the ''All Change'' programme saw the £20{{nbsp}}million refurbishment of 86 [[Tyne and Wear Metrocar]]s (originally all 90 Metrocars were due to be refurbished). Each Metrocar was stripped down to its frame and built back up again, with the addition of improved disabled access, new door control systems, and renewed interiors, seating and lighting. A new cadmium yellow and black livery was also adopted. Work commenced in June 2010, at [[Wabtec]] at [[Doncaster Works]], and was completed five months ahead of schedule, in August 2015.<ref name="nexus refurb2020">{{Cite web |date = 22 June 2010 |title = Metrocar takes to road as £20m refurbishment begins |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metrocar-takes-road-%C2%A320m-refurbishment-begins |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 February 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150222125312/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metrocar-takes-road-%C2%A320m-refurbishment-begins |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="gazette refurb2015">{{Cite web |date = 3 August 2015 |title = Tyne & Wear Metro fleet refurbishment complete |url = https://www.railwaygazette.com/tyne-and-wear-metro-fleet-refurbishment-complete/41205.article |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Railway Gazette International |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809131419/https://www.railwaygazette.com/tyne-and-wear-metro-fleet-refurbishment-complete/41205.article |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="RTM2014" /><ref name="gazette wabtec2010">{{Cite web |date = 11 June 2010 |title = Wabtec awarded Tyne & Wear Metro refurbishment contract |url = https://www.railwaygazette.com/wabtec-awarded-tyne-and-wear-metro-refurbishment-contract/35059.article |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Railway Gazette International |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809143405/https://www.railwaygazette.com/wabtec-awarded-tyne-and-wear-metro-refurbishment-contract/35059.article |url-status = live }}</ref> The first Metrocar to receive refurbishment was 4041, the unit being named after former Gateshead Councillor and MP, [[Harry Cowans]], in honour of his work in the 1970s, to help to secure the construction of the network.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 31 October 2011 |title = First refurbished Metro train re-dedicated |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/first-refurbished-metro-train-re-dedicated |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809155322/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/first-refurbished-metro-train-re-dedicated }}</ref>

The second phase of the programme also saw the modernisation of a further 45 stations, including the re-building of the station at [[North Shields metro station|North Shields]], which was completed in September 2012,<ref>{{Cite web |date = 2 September 2012 |title = Metro line re-opens Wallsend-Tynemouth |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metro-line-re-opens-wallsend-tynemouth |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809183502/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metro-line-re-opens-wallsend-tynemouth |url-status = live }}</ref> as well as the installation of new communications system, and the overhaul and maintenance of structures such as bridges, tunnels, track and overhead power lines.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 10 March 2011 |title = Nexus starts biggest engineering project on Metro since the system was built |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-starts-biggest-engineering-project-metro-system-was-built |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809191206/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-starts-biggest-engineering-project-metro-system-was-built |url-status = live }}</ref>

==== Phase 3 {{ndash}} new fleet ====
The third phase of Metro's ''All Change'' programme began in 2019, with the procurement of a new fleet of 46 (originally 42) units, designed by Swiss manufacturer, [[Stadler Rail|Stadler]]. Delivery of the new rolling stock began in February 2023, with the first unit entering service on 18 December 2024. The rest of the fleet will be slowly rolled out over 2025{{ndash}}2026, with one old train being removed each time a new one is added. The whole fleet is set to be replaced by sometime in 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=New fleet process {{!}} nexus.org.uk |url=https://www.nexus.org.uk/new-fleet-process |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=www.nexus.org.uk |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519150403/https://www.nexus.org.uk/new-fleet-process |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Maintenance and Renewals Skills Centre ===
In July 2018, Nexus announced the beginning of work to construct the new Maintenance and Renewals Skills Centre, at Mile End Road in [[South Shields]].<ref>{{Cite web |date = 24 July 2018 |title = Work starts on £8.4m Nexus Learning Centre in South Shields |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/work-starts-ps84m-nexus-learning-centre-south-shields |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 2 June 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213802/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/work-starts-ps84m-nexus-learning-centre-south-shields |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 22 March 2018 |title = Nexus' £8.4m rail training centre in South Shields gets the green light |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-ps84m-rail-training-centre-south-shields-gets-green-light |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 2 June 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213719/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-ps84m-rail-training-centre-south-shields-gets-green-light |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 28 November 2017 |title = Nexus to build £8.4m rail training centre in South Shields |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-build-ps84m-rail-training-centre-south-shields |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 2 June 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215341/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-build-ps84m-rail-training-centre-south-shields |url-status = live }}</ref> Construction began in August 2018 and was opened in November 2020. The £8.4{{nbsp}}million project saw the construction of a three-storey training centre, with classrooms, a mock control room, driver training simulator, covered tracks and inspection pits, and a mock Metro station, as well as a {{convert|70|m|ft|abbr=on}} stretch of dual track, to be used to carry out infrastructure training, including track, points, signalling and overhead line. The site is also used to stable and maintain a small number of vehicles.<ref name="galliford 2017">{{Cite web |date = 28 November 2017 |title = Galliford Try appointed to Tyneside rail project |url = https://www.gallifordtry.co.uk/news/news-centre/galliford-try-appointed-to-tyneside-rail-project/ |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Galliford Try |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200322153745/https://www.gallifordtry.co.uk/news/news-centre/galliford-try-appointed-to-tyneside-rail-project/ |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Metro Flow ===
During March 2020, the [[Government of the United Kingdom|government]] announced a £103{{nbsp}}million scheme, known as ''Metro Flow'', during the 2020 [[Budget of the United Kingdom|Budget]]. The project aims to increase frequency from five to six trains per hour, reduce journey times and improve service reliability. From September 2022, the project will see three sections of single line between [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[Bede Metro station|Bede]] converted to dual use, with an existing freight-only line electrified, and re-designed to operate using a similar system to the shared line between [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]]. As part of the project, four additional [[Stadler Rail|Stadler]] units have been funded, bringing the total number of units on order from 42 to 46.<ref name="nexus metroflow2020">{{Cite web |date = 11 March 2020 |title = Our £100m project to boost frequency and reliability on Metro |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/our-ps100m-project-boost-frequency-and-reliability-metro |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321103628/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/our-ps100m-project-boost-frequency-and-reliability-metro |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="gazette budget2020">{{Cite web |date = 11 March 2020 |title = Rail in the 2020 budget |url = https://www.railwaygazette.com/uk/rail-in-the-2020-budget/55997.article |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Railway Gazette International |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321103629/https://www.railwaygazette.com/uk/rail-in-the-2020-budget/55997.article |url-status = live }}</ref>

== Network ==
The network of the Tyne and Wear Metro is a [[Hybridity|mixture]] of different transport modes, having elements of light rail, heavy underground metro, and longer-distance, suburban railway systems.<ref name="HTBI2020">{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Oliver |title=Rails in the Road: A History of Tramways in Britain and Ireland |date=31 January 2020 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-6940-0 |page=218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4z2GDAAAQBAJ |access-date=12 August 2025 |language=en |quote=The Tyne & Wear Metro, which opened in 1980, was the first modern light rail system in the UK, although strictly speaking it is a hybrid combining elements of light rail, heavy underground metro and longer distance suburban railway systems. |archive-date=1 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001121055/https://books.google.com/books?id=4z2GDAAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> While the owner Nexus terms it as [[light rapid transit]],<ref name="Metrobuilt"/> the national government classifies it as a [[light rail]] system,<ref name="Stat2014"/> while practically it can be termed a [[regional rail|regional]] metro for having longer than usual distances compared to similar transport networks.<ref name="NewcUni14">{{cite book |last1=Fraszczyk |first1=Anna |title=Metro as an example of an Urban Rail system. Four case studies from Europe |date=October 2014 |publisher=Newcastle University |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287892110_Metro_as_an_example_of_an_Urban_Rail_system_Four_case_studies_from_Europe |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=en |quote=Tyne and Wear Metro has the largest dimension and territorial scope of the metro systems considered. ... However, due to its regional scope, instead of urban,  it has the smallest number of stations per kilometre.}}</ref><ref name="RT2023">{{cite web |last1=Atack |first1=Patrick Rhys |title=Blue light services receive Metro emergency training |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/news/blue-light-services-metro-emergency-training/ |website=Railway Technology |access-date=14 June 2025 |date=14 September 2023 |archive-date=14 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614163014/https://www.railway-technology.com/news/blue-light-services-metro-emergency-training/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="THE23">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_JVAAAAMAAJ |title=The Highway Engineer, Volume 23 |date=1976 |publisher=Institution of Highway Engineers |page=44 |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="NBMS1980">{{cite book |last1=Silcove |first1=Basil |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/National_Bank_Monthly_Summary/gCHplVQWPQ4C |title=National Bank Monthly Summary |date=1980 |publisher=National Bank of Australasia Limited |page=8 |language=en |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref>

=== Services ===
The Tyne and Wear Metro network consists of two lines. {{As of|2024|12}}, the typical off-peak service pattern is:
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" style="border-color:#{{rail color|Tyne and Wear Metro|green}}; border-width:4px 0px" |Green line
|-
!Route
!tph
!Calling at
|-
|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|South Hylton}} to {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Airport}}
|5
|{{cslist||{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Pallion}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Millfield}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|University}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Park Lane}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Sunderland}} {{rint|gb|rail}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|St Peter's}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Stadium of Light}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Seaburn}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|East Boldon}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Brockley Whins}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Fellgate}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Pelaw}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Heworth}} {{rint|gb|rail}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Felling}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Gateshead Stadium}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Gateshead}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Central}} {{rint|gb|rail}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Monument}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Haymarket}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Jesmond}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|West Jesmond}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Ilford Road}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|South Gosforth}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Regent Centre}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Wansbeck Road}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Fawdon}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Kingston Park}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Bank Foot}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Callerton Parkway}}|}}
|-
! colspan="3" style="border-color:#{{rail color|Tyne and Wear Metro|yellow}}; border-width:4px 0px" |Yellow line
|-
!Route
!tph
!Calling at
|-
|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|South Shields}} to {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|St James}} {{Small|via Whitley Bay}}
|5
|{{cslist||{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Chichester}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Tyne Dock}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Simonside}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Bede}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Jarrow}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Hebburn}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Pelaw}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Heworth}} {{rint|gb|rail}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Felling}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Gateshead Stadium}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Gateshead}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Central}} {{rint|gb|rail}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Monument}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Haymarket}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Jesmond}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|West Jesmond}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Ilford Road}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|South Gosforth}}||{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Longbenton}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Four Lane Ends}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Benton}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Palmersville}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Northumberland Park}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Shiremoor}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|West Monkseaton}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Whitley Bay}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Cullercoats}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Tynemouth}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|North Shields}}||{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Meadow Well}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Percy Main}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Howdon}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Hadrian Road}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Wallsend}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Walkergate}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Chillingham Road}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Byker}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Manors}}|{{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Monument}}|}}
|}

Services commence between 05:00 and 06:00 (between 06:00 and 07:00 on Sunday), with frequent trains running until around midnight. Each line runs up to every 12 minutes during the day (Monday to Saturday), and up to every 15 minutes during the evening and on Sunday. This allows for a combined frequency of up to every six minutes (Monday to Saturday), and up to every seven to eight minutes during the evening and on Sunday, between [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[South Gosforth Metro station|South Gosforth]]. Additional trains run during morning and evening peak hours (Monday to Friday) between [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[Regent Centre Interchange|Regent Centre]] or [[Monkseaton Metro station|Monkseaton]]. This provides a Metro up to every three minutes between [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[South Gosforth Metro station|South Gosforth]], at peak times. Originally, there was also a Red Line between Heworth (later Pelaw) and Benton and a Blue Line between St James and North Shields. Additional trains ran on these lines during peak hours to increase the frequency at the busier stations.<ref name="SRT23" />

=== Route map ===
{| style="margin: 0 auto;"
|{{TWM Green line RDT}}{{nb5}}{{TWM Yellow line RDT}}
|-
|[[File:Geographically Accurate Map of the Tyne and Wear Metro.svg|thumb|upright 3.7|none|Geographically accurate map of the Tyne and Wear Metro]]
|}
{{clear}}

== Rolling stock ==
=== Original fleet ===
{{main|Tyne and Wear Metrocar}}
Since the Tyne and Wear Metro opened in 1980, it has operated using the same rolling stock. The fleet comprises a total of 87 (formerly 90, until March 2017) articulated units, known as Metrocars, which are numbered 4001–4090. The Metrocars are represented on TOPS, as the Class 599. When in service, Metrocars are normally coupled together in pairs and have a maximum speed of {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The first units to be built were two prototypes, numbered 4001 and 4002, which were delivered for testing in 1975. These were followed by 88 production units, which were built between 1978 and 1981. The design of the Metrocar was based on the [[Stadtbahnwagen B]], a German [[light rail]] vehicle developed in the early 1970s. The units were built by [[Metro-Cammell]], [[Washwood Heath]].<ref name="TTMtrains">{{Cite web |title = Tyne and Wear Metro: Trains |url = http://www.thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/trains/ |access-date = 24 March 2017 |website = thetrams.co.uk |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last = Southern |first = Keiran |date = 31 May 2015 |title = Tyne and Wear Metro celebrates its 40th birthday with a special journey |url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/tyne-wear-metro-celebrates-40th-9363207 |access-date = 24 March 2017 |website = chroniclelive.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 25 March 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170325024756/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/tyne-wear-metro-celebrates-40th-9363207 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="SRT" />

The fleet has been refurbished several times and several liveries have been used. The original livery used at opening was [[cadmium yellow]] and white, in accordance with the colours used by the [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive]] at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |title = 290 / UVK 290T |url = http://tynesideheritagevehicles.co.uk/our_vehicles/group_vehicles/uvk290t.html |access-date = 29 August 2018 |website = tynesideheritagevehicles.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 29 August 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829214208/http://tynesideheritagevehicles.co.uk/our_vehicles/group_vehicles/uvk290t.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> A mid-life refurbishment of the fleet, carried out in-house, took place between 1995 and 2000; a new livery was adopted consisting of red, green or blue bodies, with yellow front and rear ends, and triangles containing the ''Metro'' logo on the doors.<ref name="TTMtrains" /><ref name="RTM2014">{{Cite web |date = 14 March 2014 |title = Bringing contracts back in-house |url = http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Interviews/bringing-contracts-back-in-house |access-date = 24 March 2017 |publisher = Rail Technology Magazine |language = en |archive-date = 6 April 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170406212440/http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Interviews/bringing-contracts-back-in-house |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="railwaytechnology" />

A £20{{nbsp}}million refurbishment of 86 Metrocars (originally all 90 were due to be refurbished) began in June 2010, with the goal of the refurbishment programme being to extend the service life of the fleet until 2025 prior to the delivery of new rolling stock. Each Metrocar was stripped down to its frame and built back up again, with the addition of improved disabled access and new door control systems, with renewed interiors, seating and lighting. A new black, grey and yellow livery was also adopted.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 7 October 2011 |title = New Metro train colours revealed |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/new-metro-train-colours-revealed |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200322155250/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/new-metro-train-colours-revealed |url-status = live }}</ref> Refurbishment work was completed five months ahead of schedule in August 2015.<ref name="RTM2014" /><ref name="nexus refurb2020" /><ref name="gazette refurb2015" /><ref name="gazette wabtec2010" />

{{Gallery
|title=Branding and livery
|width=225 |height=165
|align=center
|footer=
|File:Tynemouth station, with Metro train, 1980, geograph-5317028-by-Walter-Dendy,-deceased.jpg
 |alt1=1980-1990s
 |1980–1990s|File:Depot yard, Tyne and Wear Metro depot open day, 8 August 2010 (1) (crop).jpg
 |alt2=1990s-2010s
 |1990s–2010s|File:TW-Metro-EastBoldenLV-P1660571 (51045972997).jpg
 |alt3=2010s-present
 |2010s–present}}

=== Replacement fleet ===
{{main |British Rail Class 555}}
[[File:BR Class 555 St. Margrethen.jpg|thumb|A new Class 555 unit on pre-delivery testing in Switzerland, October 2024]]
In 2016, Nexus unveiled plans to secure funding of £550{{nbsp}}million for a new fleet, with a target for them to be in service by the early 2020s.<ref name="CLMETRO">{{Cite web |last = O'Donoghue |first = Dan |date = 20 July 2016 |title = £1bn plan to improve the Metro approved by North East transport chiefs |url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/1bn-plan-improve-metro-approved-11637441 |access-date = 24 March 2017 |website = ChronicleLive |language = en-GB |archive-date = 27 March 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170327204141/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/1bn-plan-improve-metro-approved-11637441 |url-status = live }}</ref>

In November 2017, the [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], [[Philip Hammond]], announced that the [[Government of the United Kingdom|government]] would contribute £337{{nbsp}}million towards the new fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 30 November 2017 |title = Budget provides transport boost for Tyne & Wear |url = http://netimesmagazine.co.uk/editorial/budget-provides-transport-boost-tyne-wear/ |access-date = 3 December 2017 |publisher = North East Times |language = en-GB |archive-date = 4 December 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171204061350/http://netimesmagazine.co.uk/editorial/budget-provides-transport-boost-tyne-wear/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> The proposed new fleet was planned to have dual-voltage capability, able to operate on the Metro's existing {{1,500 V DC}} electrification system as well as the {{25 kV 50 Hz}} used on the [[Network Rail]] network, to allow for expansion of Metro service. However Nexus decided not to include a dual-voltage design, prioritising use of [[Battery electric multiple unit|rechargable battery]] technology instead.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Metro Futures Webinar Q&A |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/sites/default/files/metro_futures_webinar_qa_master.pdf |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |access-date = 3 June 2023 |archive-date = 2 June 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210602225918/https://www.nexus.org.uk/sites/default/files/metro_futures_webinar_qa_master.pdf |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="Sundechoextend">{{Cite web |date = 15 July 2016 |title = Metro bosses unveil plans to extend network, including direct link between Sunderland and South Tyneside |url = http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/metro-bosses-unveil-plans-to-extend-network-including-direct-link-between-sunderland-and-south-tyneside-1-8016661 |access-date = 18 March 2017 |publisher = Sunderland Echo |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref name="GRN">{{Cite web |date = 20 July 2016 |title = New trains and expanded network put forward in Tyne and Wear Metro strategy |url = http://www.globalrailnews.com/2016/07/20/new-trains-and-expanded-network-put-forward-in-tyne-and-wear-metro-strategy/ |access-date = 18 March 2017 |website = globalrailnews.com |language = en}}</ref><ref name="Rmagnewfleet">{{Cite book |last = Pickering |first = Graeme |title = Metro's new fleet receives the green light |publisher = [[Rail (magazine)|Rail Magazine]] |year = 2017 |edition = 6–19 December |pages = 62–67}}</ref>

In September 2018, [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]], [[Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles|CAF]], a [[Downer Rail]]/[[CRRC]] joint venture, [[Hitachi]] and [[Stadler Rail]] were short-listed to build the new fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 17 September 2018 |title = Five bidders invited to negotiate to build a new Metro fleet |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/five-bidders-invited-negotiate-build-new-metro-fleet |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 31 January 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200131201837/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/five-bidders-invited-negotiate-build-new-metro-fleet |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date = 2018 |title = Five shortlisted for new Tyne & Wear Metro fleet – contract worth £362m |page = 10 |work = The Railway Magazine |issue = 1411 |language = en}}</ref>
Stadler was awarded a contract to build and maintain 42 five-carriage [[light rail]] vehicles in January 2020, with deliveries to commence in late 2021 and all trains to be in passenger service by 2024. The new trains will feature next stop audio-visual information displays, [[London Underground|Tube]]-style linear seating to increase capacity, wider doors and aisles, air conditioning, WiFi and charging points.<ref name="gazette stadler2020">{{cite news |date=28 January 2020 |title=Stadler to build Tyne & Wear metro fleet |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/modes/stadler-to-build-tyne-and-wear-metro-fleet/55643.article |url-access=registration |access-date=17 March 2020 |website=Railway Gazette International |publisher=DVV Media International |place=Sutton |language=en-GB |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727033554/https://www.railwaygazette.com/modes/stadler-to-build-tyne-and-wear-metro-fleet/55643.article |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nexus stadler2020">{{cite news |date=11 February 2020 |title=Nexus and Stadler officially sign the contract for a new Metro train fleet |url=https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-and-stadler-officially-sign-contract-new-metro-train-fleet |access-date=17 March 2020 |publisher=Nexus |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-51277602 |title = Tyne and Wear Metro: Swiss firm Stadler to build new fleet |publisher = BBC News |date = 28 January 2020 |language = en-GB |access-date = 28 January 2020 |archive-date = 28 January 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200128142234/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-51277602 |url-status = live }}</ref> Following the announcement of the £103{{nbsp}}million ''Metro Flow'' project, in March 2020, four additional Stadler units have been funded, bringing the total number of units on order from 42 to 46.<ref name="nexus metroflow2020" /><ref name="gazette budget2020" />

During September 2020, the Metro Futures website<ref>{{Cite web |title = metrofutures |url = https://metrofutures.org.uk/ |access-date = 20 September 2020 |website = metrofutures.org.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 September 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200922005030/https://metrofutures.org.uk/ |url-status = live }}</ref> was launched, allowing the public to give their view on several elements of the new Metro fleet.

In December 2021, Nexus revealed that the Metro fleet had entered the final assembly phase at Stadler's factory in [[Switzerland]] and that the manufacturer is in the process of fitting the main interior components of the first of the new trains. The works include the installation of wheels, seats, equipment cases, piping, wiring, flooring, windows and other internal furnishings.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Stadler starts final assembly of the first new Metro train |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/stadler-starts-final-assembly-first-new-metro-train |access-date = 21 December 2021 |archive-date = 20 December 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211220150753/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/stadler-starts-final-assembly-first-new-metro-train |url-status = live }}</ref> During September 2022, Nexus released a video taken at Stadler's test track in [[Erlen]] of a unit moving under its own power for the first time, prior to beginning full trials.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Holland |first = Daniel |date = 22 September 2022 |title = Footage shows new £362m Tyne and Wear Metro trains moving for the first time at Swiss test track |url = https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/footage-shows-new-362m-tyne-25080511 |access-date = 22 September 2022 |publisher = [[Evening Chronicle|ChronicleLive]] |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 September 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220922111922/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/footage-shows-new-362m-tyne-25080511 |url-status = live }}</ref>

The first of the new fleet arrived at the Metro depot on 28 February 2023. By August 2024, three of these first nine units delivered had completed their daytime testing and the focus was moving to driver training.<ref name = aug24update >{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4gzd3n6zrgo | title = End-of-year roll-out for new Metro fleet | first1 = Daniel | last1 = Holland | publisher = BBC News | date = 15 August 2024 | access-date = 22 September 2024 | archive-date = 21 September 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240921185458/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c4gzd3n6zrgo | url-status = live }}</ref>

The first unit entered revenue service on 18 December 2024.<ref name = firstunit >{{cite web |title=Metro's first new train enters customer service |url=https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metros-first-new-train-enters-customer-service |website=Nexus |access-date=18 December 2024 |archive-date=19 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219144259/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metros-first-new-train-enters-customer-service |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="bbcfirstunit">{{cite news |last1=Robinson |first1=Chris |date=18 November 2024 |title=First new Metro train runs after lengthy delays |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cz0ryzr3j5eo |access-date=18 December 2024 |work=BBC News, North East and Cumbria |archive-date=18 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218141020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cz0ryzr3j5eo |url-status=live }}</ref> Initially, it will operate a Monday{{ndash}}Friday service on the Yellow line between Monkseaton and Pelaw.<ref name = firstunit /> The rest of the fleet will be slowly rolled out over 2025{{ndash}}2026, with one old train being removed each time a new one is added. The whole fleet is set to be replaced by sometime in 2026.<ref name=":0" />

=== Ancillary vehicles ===
In addition to passenger trains, the Tyne and Wear Metro also operates three battery-electric locomotives (numbered BL1–BL3),{{cn|date=November 2025}} which were manufactured by [[Hunslet Engine Company|Hunslet]] in 1988. The company also operates a [[Plasser & Theurer|Plasser and Theurer]] ballast tamper and 15 wagons,{{cn|date=November 2025}} which are used for maintenance and repair work.

== Ownership ==
The Tyne and Wear Metro is publicly owned, receiving funding from council tax payers and government. [[Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive|Nexus]], which owns and manages the Metro, contracted out operations and train maintenance as part of a deal with the government, to secure modernisation investment and operating subsidy for the system between 2010 and 2021. Nexus continued to set fares, frequency of services and operating hours. Opponents would suggest that this arrangement was privatisation by the back door, though some services had already been contracted out, such as cleaning of stations and ticket inspections.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

During November 2008, Nexus invited potential bidders to declare an interest in a contract to run the operations side of the business on its behalf. The successful bidder was to obtain a seven-year contract commencing on 1 April 2010, with up to an additional two years depending on performance.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 2 October 2009 |title = Nexus names final two bidders for Metro operations contract |url = http://www.nexus.org.uk/news/2010/nexus-names-final-two-bidders-metro-operations-contract |access-date = 27 November 2010 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 7 August 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110807052450/http://www.nexus.org.uk/news/2010/nexus-names-final-two-bidders-metro-operations-contract |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://northeastca.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ITA-28-January-2010-Agenda-Pack.pdf |title = Meeting Agenda |publisher = Nexus |date = 28 January 2010 |access-date = 4 March 2024 |archive-date = 4 March 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240304212143/https://northeastca.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ITA-28-January-2010-Agenda-Pack.pdf |url-status = live }}</ref> In February 2009, four bids were shortlisted: [[DB Regio]], [[MTR Corporation]], [[Serco-Abellio]], and an in-house bid from Nexus.<ref>{{Cite news |date = 2 February 2009 |title = Foreign bids for Metro contract |work = [[BBC News]] |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7864519.stm |access-date = 3 February 2009 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 5 February 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090205231410/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7864519.stm |url-status = live }}</ref> By October 2009, the shortlist had been reduced to bids from DB Regio and Nexus.<ref>{{Cite news |date = 3 October 2009 |title = Final shortlist for Metro service |work = [[BBC News]] |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/8288315.stm |access-date = 3 October 2009 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 29 November 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231129065515/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/8288315.stm |url-status = live }}</ref>

In December 2009, DB Regio was named as the preferred bidder, with the contract for operating the system signed in February 2010, and the handover of the service taking place in April 2010.<ref>{{Cite journal |date = 3 December 2009 |title = DB Regio preferred bidder for Tyne & Wear Metro operating contract |url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/db-regio-preferred-bidder-for-tyne-metro-operating-contract.html |journal = [[Railway Gazette International]] |language = en-GB |archive-date = 7 December 2009 |access-date = 3 December 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091207061243/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/db-regio-preferred-bidder-for-tyne-metro-operating-contract.html |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="nexusfeb3">{{Cite web |date = 3 February 2010 |title = £580 Million Funding Gives Metro a World-Class Future |url = http://www.nexus.org.uk/news/2010/%C2%A3580-million-funding-gives-metro-world-class-future |access-date = 27 November 2010 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 7 August 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110807052348/http://www.nexus.org.uk/news/2010/%C2%A3580-million-funding-gives-metro-world-class-future |url-status = live }}</ref> One of DB Regio's first initiatives was the ''Metro Dig It'' programme, and involved the re-painting of stations and deep-cleaning of stations and trains.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Metro - Dig It! |url = http://www.metro-dig-it.co.uk |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100403131658/http://www.metro-dig-it.co.uk/ |archive-date = 3 April 2010 |access-date = 31 March 2010 |publisher = Metro - Dig It! |language = en-GB}}</ref> In February 2010, the government confirmed it would award Nexus up to £580{{nbsp}}million to modernise and operate the Tyne and Wear Metro, with up to £350{{nbsp}}million to be spent on the ''Metro: All Change'' programme, over the course of the following eleven years. A further £230{{nbsp}}million would support running and maintenance costs, over the following nine years.<ref name="nexusfeb3" />

As a result, between 2010 and 2017, the Metro was operated under contract by [[DB Regio]].<ref name="Conend">{{Cite news |date = 14 March 2016 |title = Tyne and Wear Metro operator contract to end in 2017 |work = BBC News |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-35800733 |access-date = 20 March 2017 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 20 March 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170320144846/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-35800733 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Metpublic">{{Cite news |date = 1 April 2017 |title = Tyne and Wear Metro to be publicly run by Nexus |work = BBC News |url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-39466348 |access-date = 3 April 2017 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 3 April 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170403035635/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-39466348 |url-status = live }}</ref>

In March 2016, Nexus announced that they did not intend to renew the contract with DB Regio, following the contract ending in 2017, after stating that they were dissatisfied with the operator due to missed performance targets.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Frustrated by Metro delays? You're right to be – report reveals string of missed targets |url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/frustrated-metro-delays-youre-right-12105683 |access-date = 6 April 2017 |website = chroniclelive.co.uk |date = 31 October 2016 |language = en-GB |archive-date = 7 April 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170407144527/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/frustrated-metro-delays-youre-right-12105683 |url-status = live }}</ref> During April 2017, Nexus took over direct operation of the system for a planned period of two years, with the intention to re-tender the contract. The [[National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers|RMT]] trade union, however, has argued that the direct operation should be made permanent, and operation of the system should remain in public ownership.<ref name="Conend" /><ref name="Metpublic" /> As of March 2021, the Tyne and Wear Metro network is still under public ownership, with services operated by Nexus.

== Infrastructure ==
=== Control Centre ===
The Metro Control Centre is based at [[Gosforth]], in a building alongside the station at [[South Gosforth Metro station|South Gosforth]]. It is responsible for operating the network's signalling and electrical supply, as well as being used to communicate with train drivers and other staff using two-way radio equipment.<ref name="nexus meetmetro" /> The original equipment at the control centre was replaced in 2007,<ref name="railwaytechnology" /> with a new computerised signalling control system installed in August 2018 at a cost of £12{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 16 July 2018 |title = Nexus to modernise Tyne and Wear Metro control room in UK |url = https://www.railway-technology.com/news/nexus-modernise-tyne-wear-metro-control-room-uk/ |access-date = 18 March 2020 |website = railway-technology.com |language = en |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809155031/https://www.railway-technology.com/news/nexus-modernise-tyne-wear-metro-control-room-uk/ |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 21 August 2018 |title = Watch: timelapse video of £12m Metro control room revamp |url = https://nexus.org.uk/news/item/watch-timelapse-video-ps12m-metro-control-room-revamp |access-date = 29 August 2018 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 30 August 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180830004857/https://nexus.org.uk/news/item/watch-timelapse-video-ps12m-metro-control-room-revamp |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Depots ===
{{main|Howdon depot|South Gosforth TMD}}
[[File:Metrocar 4023, Tyne and Wear Metro depot open day, 8 August 2010 (1).jpg|thumb|upright|The interior of South Gosforth TMD in 2010]]
The Tyne and Wear Metro is currently operated from a single depot, also based in [[Gosforth]]. The depot was opened in 1923 by the [[London and North Eastern Railway]] and was used to house the former ''[[Tyneside Electrics]]'' stock. The depot was inherited by Metro, prior to the system's opening in August 1980.<ref name="gosdep">{{Cite web |title = Tyne and Wear Metro: Stations: Gosforth depot |url = http://thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/stations/Gosforth_depot |access-date = 3 April 2017 |website = thetrams.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 4 April 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170404045712/http://thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/stations/Gosforth_depot |url-status = live }}</ref> The depot is located at the centre of the triangular fork between the branch to [[Newcastle Airport Metro station|Airport]] and the northern leg of the [[North Tyneside Loop]]. It is situated between stations at [[Longbenton Metro station|Longbenton]], [[South Gosforth Metro station|South Gosforth]] and [[Regent Centre Interchange|Regent Centre]]; it is used for stabling, cleaning, maintenance and repair of the fleet. It can be accessed by trains from either east or west and there is also a depot-avoiding line running from east to west, which is not used in public service.

Prior to the arrival of new rolling stock towards the end of 2021, a new depot was constructed near [[Howdon]], in [[North Tyneside]]. The site is used as a temporary stabling and maintenance facility for up to 10 Metrocars, whilst the current depot at [[South Gosforth TMD|South Gosforth]] is being reconfigured. The temporary depot at [[Howdon depot|Howdon]] opened in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 11 July 2019 |title = Work starts on a temporary Metro depot in North Tyneside |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/work-starts-temporary-metro-depot-north-tyneside |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 2 January 2020 |title = Temporary Metro depot takes shape in North Tyneside |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/temporary-metro-depot-takes-shape-north-tyneside |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809160953/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/temporary-metro-depot-takes-shape-north-tyneside |url-status = live }}</ref> A further vehicle stabling and maintenance facility is also scheduled to open in [[South Tyneside]], as part of the Maintenance and Renewals Skills Centre at [[South Shields]].<ref name="galliford 2017" />
=== Stations ===
{{See also|List of Tyne and Wear Metro stations}}

The 60 stations on the Tyne and Wear Metro network vary widely in character. Some are former [[British Rail]] stations, whilst others were purpose-built for the Metro. Most of the stations are above ground, but several in central [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] and [[Gateshead]] are underground, namely [[Central Station Metro station|Central]], {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Jesmond}}, {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Haymarket}}, {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Monument}}, {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Manors}}, [[St James Metro station|St. James]] and [[Gateshead Interchange|Gateshead]]. In [[Sunderland]], [[Park Lane Interchange|Park Lane]] and {{stn|Sunderland}} stations also have underground platforms.<ref name="TTstations2"/> The platforms at [[Four Lane Ends Interchange|Four Lane Ends]] are also below the surface, as they are underneath by the station building. Four of the stations on the network, Central, Heworth, Manors and Sunderland, allow for interchange with [[National Rail]] services. {{stn|Sunderland}} is only one of two stations in the United Kingdom where [[Light rail|light]] and [[heavy rail]] services use the same platforms; the other is [[Rotherham Central station|Rotherham Central]], which since 2018 has served both [[Northern Trains|Northern]] and [[TransPennine Express]], and the [[Sheffield Supertram]] network.

Most Metro stations are not routinely staffed. However, the busiest stations in central Newcastle and Sunderland ([[Haymarket Metro station|Haymarket]], [[Monument Metro station|Monument]], [[Central Station Metro station|Central]], [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]] and [[Park Lane Interchange|Park Lane]]) are all staffed until late in the evening, and [[St James Metro station|St James]], [[St Peter's Metro station|St Peters]] and [[Stadium of Light Metro station|Stadium of Light]] are also staffed on match days. All stations are equipped with ticket machines, shelters and seating, next train information displays, and emergency help points.<ref name="TTstations2"/> Ticket machines are able to accept payment with credit and debit card (including [[contactless payment]]), notes and coins.<ref name="contactless2020" /><ref name="bbc revamp2020" /> Automated ticket barriers (at 13 stations), and smart card validators at all stations, were also installed during the first phase of Metro's ''All Change'' programme.<ref name="nexus smart2012" /><ref name="nexus validators2013" /> Despite the majority of stations being open to access, the Tyne and Wear Metro has the third-highest level of passenger income per year (£45.2{{nbsp}}million in 2013/2014) of the eight [[light rail]] networks in England.<ref name="Stat2014">{{Cite web |date = 17 June 2014 |title = Light Rail and Tram Statistics: England 2013/14 |url = https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/320645/light-rail-and-tram-statistics-2013-14.pdf |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Department for Transport |language = en-GB}}</ref> Regular checks are made by patrols of inspectors, both at stations and on board trains. Passengers caught travelling on the Metro without a ticket are subject to a £100 [[penalty fare]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = Penalty Fares |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/metro/tickets/penalty-fares |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 3 April 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200403171641/https://www.nexus.org.uk/metro/tickets/penalty-fares |url-status = live }}</ref>

In June 2022, it was announced that the installation of [[tactile paving]] at all Metro stations had been completed.<ref>{{Cite web |last = White |first = Chloe |date = 19 June 2022 |title = Tyne & Wear Metro first railway in England to install tactile paving at every station |url = https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2022/06/newcastle-metro-first-railway-in-england-to-install-tactile-paving-at-every-station.html/ |access-date = 21 June 2022 |website = RailAdvent.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 June 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220621100046/https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2022/06/newcastle-metro-first-railway-in-england-to-install-tactile-paving-at-every-station.html |url-status = live }}</ref>

{{Gallery
|title=Stations
|width=215 |height=165
|align=center
|1=File:Haymarket Metro station, 20 September 2010 (4).jpg|2=[[Haymarket Metro station|Haymarket]], the first underground Metro station to be refurbished, branded in the new corporate colour scheme.|5=St Peter's Metro station, 8 September 2006.jpg|6=[[St Peter's Metro station|St. Peter's]], a purpose-built station, constructed in the early 2000s, following the Metro's extension to [[Wearside]].|7=Wansbeck Road Metro station, Tyne & Wear (geograph 4254512).jpg|8=[[Wansbeck Road Metro station|Wansbeck Road]], a purpose-built station, which opened in May 1981, following the Metro's extension to [[Bank Foot Metro station|Bank Foot]].|9=Metro Station, Whitley Bay - geograph.org.uk - 1707495.jpg|10=[[Whitley Bay Metro station|Whitley Bay]], one of the network's former [[British Rail]] stations, located on the [[North Tyneside Loop]].}}

=== Bicycles ===
Most stations on the network have cycle racks, with smart cycle lockers located at 21 stations across the network (as of March 2020).<ref>{{Cite web |title = Cycle lockers |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/cycle/cycle-lockers |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200322190630/https://www.nexus.org.uk/cycle/cycle-lockers |url-status = dead }}</ref> Following a trial period in 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |date = 30 March 2016 |title = Metro holds limited trial allowing people to travel with non-folding bikes |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metro-holds-limited-trial-allowing-people-travel-non-folding-bikes |access-date = 22 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 22 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200322153742/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/metro-holds-limited-trial-allowing-people-travel-non-folding-bikes |url-status = live }}</ref> non-folding bicycles are permitted to travel on Metro between 10:00 and 15:00 and after 19:00 on weekdays, and all day at weekends, between [[Callerton Parkway Metro station|Callerton Parkway]] and [[Jesmond Metro station|Jesmond]], between [[Manors Metro station|Manors]] and [[Jesmond Metro station|Jesmond]] (via Whitley Bay), and between [[Gateshead Stadium Metro station|Gateshead Stadium]] and [[South Shields Interchange|South Shields]] or [[South Hylton Metro station|South Hylton]]. Non-folding bicycles are not permitted to travel between [[Callerton Parkway Metro station|Callerton Parkway]] and [[Newcastle Airport Metro station|Airport]], between [[Manors Metro station|Manors]] and [[St James Metro station|St James]], or between [[Jesmond Metro station|Jesmond]] and [[Gateshead Stadium Metro station|Gateshead Stadium]] at any time. Folding bicycles are permitted to travel across the entire Metro network, given that they are kept folded and handles/pedals do not pose a danger to passengers.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Bikes on Metro trial |url = https://nexus.org.uk/cycle/bikes-metro-trial |access-date = 29 August 2018 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Bikes on Metro |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/cycle/bikes-metro |access-date = 15 February 2022 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 15 February 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220215192053/https://www.nexus.org.uk/cycle/bikes-metro |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Tunnels ===
[[File:TWM tunnels.png|thumb|A map of the network in [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] and [[Gateshead]]. Metro routes are shown in red, with dotted red lines displaying tunnel sections.]]
Under [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], two routes run underground at right angles to each other, and intersect at [[Monument Metro station|Monument]], which has four platforms on two levels. The first route, shared by both the Green Line (from [[South Hylton Metro station|South Hylton]] to [[Newcastle Airport Metro station|Airport]]) and Yellow Line (from [[South Shields Interchange|South Shields]] to [[St James Metro station|St. James]]), runs from north to south. It heads underground at [[Jesmond Metro station|Jesmond]], and runs south through {{stl|Tyne and Wear Metro|Haymarket}}, [[Monument Metro station|Monument]] and [[Central Station Metro station|Central]], before rising above ground to cross the [[Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, Newcastle upon Tyne|Queen Elizabeth II Bridge]] over the [[River Tyne]]. It then enters another tunnel, running underneath [[Gateshead]], serving [[Gateshead Interchange|Gateshead]], before rising above ground again before the station at [[Gateshead Stadium Metro station|Gateshead Stadium]].<ref name="TTPELGOS">{{Cite web |title = Tyne and Wear Metro: Routes: Pelaw – Gosforth |url = http://www.thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/pelaw-gosforth/ |access-date = 18 March 2017 |website = thetrams.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 19 March 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170319110835/http://www.thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/pelaw-gosforth/ |url-status = live }}</ref>

The second underground route, part of the Yellow Line (from [[South Shields Interchange|South Shields]] to [[St James Metro station|St. James]]), runs from east to west, heading underground after running east alongside the [[East Coast Main Line]], before serving [[Manors Metro station|Manors]] and [[Monument Metro station|Monument]], then terminating at [[St James Metro station|St. James]].<ref name="TTNTL">{{Cite web |title = Tyne and Wear Metro : Routes: North Tyneside Loop |url = http://www.thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/tynecoastloop/ |access-date = 18 March 2017 |publisher = thetrams.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 19 March 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170319023607/http://www.thetrams.co.uk/tyneandwear/tynecoastloop/ |url-status = live }}</ref> Yellow Line trains pass through [[Monument Metro station|Monument]] twice, once eastbound through the east–west platforms, and then, after running around the [[North Tyneside Loop]], southbound through the north–south platforms before running to [[South Shields Interchange|South Shields]].<ref name="TAGBI" />

The Tyne and Wear Metro is one of the few rapid transit systems in the world with a ''[[pretzel]]'' configuration, in which a line crosses over itself and trains pass through the same station twice at different platforms. This arrangement also exists at [[Voorweg RandstadRail station|Voorweg]] on the [[Randstadrail]] network in [[The Hague]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}

The Manors stock curve,<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2023 |title=Way: Metro - Manors Stock Curve (57833398) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/57833398 |access-date=13 July 2025 |website=OpenStreetMap |language=en |archive-date=1 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001121056/https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/57833398 |url-status=live }}</ref> running partly in a tunnel, runs from [[Manors Metro station|Manors]] to [[Jesmond Metro station|Jesmond]]. The line is used for empty stock movements only, and has no passenger service. Before the Metro tunnels were created, it was part of the main rail route to [[Newcastle railway station|Newcastle]], and connected to the main line at [[Manors railway station|Manors]].<ref name="TTPELGOS" />

The tunnels were constructed in the late 1970s, using mining techniques, and were constructed as single-track tubes with a diameter of {{convert|4.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}.<ref name="TAGBI" /> The tunnels under [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] were mechanically bored through [[boulder clay]], and lined with cast iron or concrete segments. The tunnel under [[Gateshead]] was bored through [[sandstone]] and excavated coal seams. Old coal mine workings, some of which dated from the [[Middle Ages]], had to be filled in before the tunnelling began.<ref name="nexus meetmetro" />

=== Level crossings ===
[[File:Tyne&Wear Metrotrain on level crossing.jpg|thumb|Level crossing near Kingston Park station]]
There are seven level crossings on the Metro network, five of which are operated by Nexus and do not have barriers as the frequency of Metro services would make them impractical. Three others are situated near East Boldon on track shared with Network Rail, and have barriers due to the freight trains and National Rail services that use them.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Meechan |first = Simon |date = 15 August 2018 |title = Why Metro level crossings in Newcastle do not have safety barriers |url = https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/tyne-wear-metro-level-crossings-15038174 |access-date = 21 March 2021 |website = chroniclelive.co.uk |language = en-GB}}</ref>

=== Distances ===
Distances on the system are measured from a datum point at [[South Gosforth Metro station|South Gosforth]].<ref>{{Cite web |date = 18 January 2013 |title = TW Metro Station Distances - a Freedom of Information request to Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive |url = https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/tw_metro_station_distances |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = WhatDoTheyKnow |language = en-GB |archive-date = 17 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200317214337/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/tw_metro_station_distances |url-status = live }}</ref> The system is metric, with distances in kilometres, and rounded to the nearest metre. Lines are designated ''In'' and ''Out''. The ''In'' line runs from [[St James Metro station|St. James]] to [[South Shields Metro station|South Shields]] via the ''inside'' of the [[North Tyneside Loop]] (via [[Wallsend Metro station|Wallsend]] then [[Whitley Bay Metro station|Whitley Bay]]), with the ''Out'' line running in the opposite direction. By extension, the ''In'' line runs from [[Newcastle Airport Metro station|Airport]] to [[South Gosforth Metro station|South Gosforth]], and from [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] to [[South Hylton Metro station|South Hylton]].

Distance plates are mounted on all [[Overhead lines#Overhead catenary|overhead line]] structures. Different distances are normally quoted for stations, depending on whether the direction of travel is ''In'' or ''Out''. Distances increase from the datum in all directions.<ref name="Maxey">{{Cite book |last = Maxey |first = David |title = Mile by Mile: Rail Mileages of Britain and Ireland |publisher = Peter Watts Publishing Limited |year = 1987 |isbn = 9780906025444 |location = Woodchester}}</ref> The part of line between [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[South Hylton Metro station|South Hylton]] owned by [[Network Rail]] is dual-marked in both metric units, as well as miles and chains. The boundary between the two systems is located at Pelaw Junction.<ref name="Quail2">{{Cite book |last = Jacobs |first = Gerald |title = Railway Track Diagrams Book 2: Eastern |publisher = Trackmaps |year = 2006 |isbn = 9780954986629}}</ref> The closest adjacent stations by distance on the network are [[St Peter's Metro station|St. Peter's]] and [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]], with the furthest apart being [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[Fellgate Metro station|Fellgate]].

=== Electrification ===
The Tyne and Wear Metro is electrified with [[overhead lines]] at [[railway electrification in Great Britain#1,500 V DC, overhead|1,500{{nbsp}}V{{nbsp}}DC]], and is now the only rail network in the United Kingdom to use this system.<ref name=railwaytechnology /><ref>{{Cite web |title = Are Electric Trains Eco-Friendly? |date = 7 August 2012 |url = http://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=262 |access-date = 18 March 2017 |publisher = AZO Clean Tech}}</ref> Nexus has stated that its long-term ambition is to convert the electrification of the line between [[Pelaw Metro station|Pelaw]] and [[Sunderland station|Sunderland]], which is shared with [[heavy rail]], to the [[Network Rail]] standard of {{25 kV 50 Hz}}. However, in doing this, a new fleet of dual-voltage trains would be required.<ref name="Sundechoextend" /><ref name="GRN" />

=== Signalling ===
Automatic train protection is provided by an [[Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung|Indusi]] system, braking trains if signals are passed at red, unlike the usual [[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]/[[Automatic Warning System|AWS]] used on the wider British mainline system (TPWS/AWS as well as lineside Indusi equipment are fitted to the Sunderland extension).<ref name="nexus localstrategy">{{Cite web |title = Metro and Local Rail Strategy |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/sites/default/files/Metro%20and%20Light%20Rail%20Strategy%20Draft_0.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220423084929/https://www.nexus.org.uk/sites/default/files/Metro%20and%20Light%20Rail%20Strategy%20Draft_0.pdf |archive-date = 23 April 2022 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB}}</ref> Train control is currently fully driver operated. A positive train identification system controls signals at stations, switches and crossings, while the rest of the network uses standard fixed block signalling with two or three aspect colour light signals. There is a minimum headway of three minutes.<ref name="nexus localstrategy" />

== Ridership ==
During the 1985{{ndash}}86 financial year, the Tyne and Wear Metro carried a total of 59.1{{nbsp}}million passengers – the highest figure it has ever achieved. By 1987{{ndash}}88, this had declined to 44.9{{nbsp}}million. The decline was attributed to the loss of integration with bus services, following [[Bus deregulation in Great Britain|deregulation]] in 1986, as well as the general decline in public transport use in the area.<ref name="longterm 1993" /><ref name="dftjour">{{Cite web |date = 24 August 2022 |access-date = 24 August 2022 |title = Table LRT0101: Passenger journeys on light rail and trams and undergrounds by system: Great Britain - annual from 1983/84 |url = https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/719478/lrt0101.ods |publisher = Department for Transport |language = en-GB |archive-date = 16 June 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190616152743/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/719478/lrt0101.ods |url-status = live }}</ref> Usage continued to decline during the 1990s, reaching a low of 32.5{{nbsp}}million during 2000{{ndash}}01. From the turn of the century, passenger usage rose and stabilised, fluctuating in a range of 35{{ndash}}40{{nbsp}}million passengers annually. Prior to 2016{{ndash}}17, the Tyne and Wear Metro consistently ranked as the second-most used tram and [[light rail]] network in the United Kingdom, after London's [[Docklands Light Railway]]. Ridership significantly fell during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] to an all-time low of 9.4{{nbsp}}million in 2020{{ndash}}21. The Metro is the third-most used tram and [[light rail]] network in the United Kingdom, after the [[Docklands Light Railway]], closely following the [[Manchester Metrolink]].<ref name="dftjour" />

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Estimated passenger journeys made on Tyne and Wear Metro per [[fiscal year|financial year]] (millions)
|-
! Year
! Passenger<br>journeys
! <!---blank--->
! Year
! Passenger<br>journeys
! <!---blank--->
! Year
! Passenger<br>journeys
! <!---blank--->
! Year
! Passenger<br>journeys
! <!---blank--->
! Year
! Passenger<br>journeys
! <!---blank--->
! Year
! Passenger<br>journeys
|-
| 1983/84
| 49.8
| rowspan="8"|
| 1991/92
| 40.6
| rowspan="8"|
| 1999/00
| 32.7
| rowspan="8"|
|2007/08
| 39.8
| rowspan="8"|
| 2015/16
| 40.3
| rowspan="8"|
| 2023/24
| 30.7
|-
| 1984/85
| 57.2
| 1992/93
| 38.9
| 2000/01
| 32.5
| 2008/09
| 40.6
| 2016/17
| 37.7
| 2024/25
| 32.2
|-
| 1985/86
| 59.1
| 1993/94
| 38.3
| 2001/02
| 33.4
| 2009/10
| 40.8
| 2017/18
| 36.4
| 2025/26
| 
 |-
| 1986/87
| 46.4
| 1994/95
| 37.0
| 2002/03
| 36.6
| 2010/11
| 39.9
| 2018/19
| 36.4
| 2026/27
| 
|-
| 1987/88
| 44.9
| 1995/96
| 35.9
| 2003/04
| 37.9
| 2011/12
| 37.9
| 2019/20
| 33.1
| 2027/28
|  
|-
| 1988/89
| 45.4
| 1996/97
| 35.4
| 2004/05
| 36.8
| 2012/13
| 37.0
| 2020/21
| 9.4
| 2027/28
| 
|-
| 1989/90
| 45.5
| 1997/98
| 35.0
| 2005/06
| 35.8
| 2013/14
| 35.7
| 2021/22
| 24.3
| 2028/29
| 
|-
| 1990/91
| 43.6
| 1998/99
| 33.8
| 2006/07
| 37.9
| 2014/15
| 38.1
| 2022/23
| 29.3
| 2029/30
|
|-
| colspan="17" |Estimates from the [[Department for Transport]]<ref name="dftests">{{cite web |title=Passenger journeys on light rail, trams and undergrounds by system: Great Britain - annual from year ending March 1984 |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/719478/lrt0101.ods |publisher=Department For Transport |accessdate=18 October 2024 |format=downloadable .ods [[OpenDocument]] file |archive-date=16 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616152743/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/719478/lrt0101.ods |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Branding and identity ==
The Tyne and Wear Metro has a distinctive design and [[corporate identity]],<ref>{{Cite news |date = 18 April 2018 |title = Metro Design Guide – a Freedom of Information request to Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive |url = https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/metro_design_guide |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = WhatDoTheyKnow |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809152515/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/metro_design_guide |url-status = live }}</ref> initially developed to distinguish itself from the antiquated rail system it replaced in the 1980s, as well as to match the livery of the buses operated by the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive, prior to [[Bus deregulation in Great Britain|deregulation]] in 1986. The ''Calvert'' [[typeface]] was designed by [[Margaret Calvert]] and first used on the Metro; it is used extensively throughout the system, including on the distinctive black ''M'' logo on a yellow background. The logo is used to denote the Metro, and is featured on cube signs at station entrances, as well as on board trains, and on station signage.<ref>{{Cite web |last = Meechan |first = Simon |date = 16 October 2016 |title = How the Tyne and Wear Metro was made – we go back 36 years to the very beginning |url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/how-tyne-wear-metro-made-12031209 |access-date = 1 January 2017 |website = chroniclelive.co.uk |language = en-GB |archive-date = 11 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170111183653/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/history/how-tyne-wear-metro-made-12031209 |url-status = live }}</ref>

After the branding identity of the Metro became inconsistent and confused in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Nexus employed a local design agency, Gardiner Richardson, to help the organisation to revive the brand.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 20 May 2009 |title = Gardiner Richardson rebrands Tyne and Wear Metro |url = https://www.designweek.co.uk/issues/may-2009-online/gardiner-richardson-rebrands-tyne-and-wear-metro/ |access-date = 22 March 2020 |website = designweek.co.uk |language = en-GB}}</ref> During 2009, as part of the ''Metro: All Change'' programme, re-branding began to take place. Re-branding saw an emphasis placed on the ''Calvert'' typeface on lettering, signage and maps. It also saw the introduction of a simplified colour scheme of black, white, grey and yellow, to be used on refurbished stations, signage and trains. In 2009, [[Haymarket Metro station|Haymarket]] was the first station to be refurbished, using the new corporate branding and colour scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |date = 19 April 2017 |title = M is for... Metro (Calvert Typeface and the Nexus Tyne and Wear Public Transport Visual Identity) |url = https://thebeautyoftransport.com/2017/04/19/m-is-for-metro-calvert-typeface-and-the-nexus-tyne-and-wear-public-transport-visual-identity/ |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = The Beauty of Transport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = 17 June 2015 |title = Nexus to invest £40m in Metro modernisation over the next 12 months |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-invest-%C2%A340m-metro-modernisation-over-next-12-months |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809153202/https://www.nexus.org.uk/news/item/nexus-invest-%C2%A340m-metro-modernisation-over-next-12-months |url-status = live }}</ref>

{{Gallery
|title=Branding and signage
|align=center
|1=Newcastle Metro sign.jpg|2=The Metro cube sign – a common sight at stations across the Metro network.|3=Haymarket Metro station, 20 September 2010 (5).jpg|4=A platform at [[Haymarket Metro station|Haymarket]], branded in the new corporate colour scheme.|5=Haymarket Metro station, 20 September 2010 (6).jpg|6=Station signage at [[Haymarket Metro station|Haymarket]], branded in the new corporate colour scheme.|7=Jesmond Metro station, 10 April 2010 (1).jpg|8=A platform at [[Jesmond Metro station|Jesmond]], branded in the original corporate colour scheme.|9=Jesmond Metro station, 20 September 2010.jpg|10=Station signage at [[Jesmond Metro station|Jesmond]], branded in the original corporate colour scheme.}}

== Art ==

There are more than 30 pieces of permanent art across the transport network in Tyne and Wear. A number of Metro stations feature commissioned works by various artists, including:<ref>{{Cite web |title = Art on transport |url = http://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport |access-date = 17 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 10 April 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160410101422/http://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport |url-status = live }}</ref>

*Haymarket: ''Canon'' (2010) by Lothar Goetz<ref>{{Cite web |title = 'Canon' by Lothar Goetz |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/canon-lothar-goetz |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB}}</ref>
*Jarrow: ''Jarrow March'' (1984) by Vince Rea<ref>{{Cite web |title = 'Jarrow March' by Vince Rea |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/jarrow-march-vince-rea |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321104101/https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/jarrow-march-vince-rea |url-status = live }}</ref>
*Monkseaton: ''Beach and Shipyards'' (1983) by Mike Davies<ref>{{Cite web |title = 'Beach & Shipyards' by Mike Davies |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/beach-shipyards-mike-davies |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321104140/https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/beach-shipyards-mike-davies |url-status = live }}</ref>
*Monument: ''Parson's Polygon'' (1985) by David Hamilton<ref>{{Cite web |title = 'Parsons Polygon' by David Hamilton |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/parsons-polygon-david-hamilton |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GBB |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321104156/https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/parsons-polygon-david-hamilton |url-status = live }}</ref>
*Queen Elizabeth II Bridge: ''Nocturne'' (2007) by Nayan Kulkarni<ref>{{Cite web |title = 'Nocturne' by Nayan Kulkarni |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/nocturne-nayan-kulkarni |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321104153/https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/nocturne-nayan-kulkarni }}</ref>
*Sunderland: ''Platform 5'' (2011) by Jason Bruges Studio<ref>{{Cite web |title = 'Platform 5' by Jason Bruges Studio |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/platform-5-jason-bruges-studio |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 21 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200321104108/https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/platform-5-jason-bruges-studio }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Platform 5 |url = https://www.jasonbruges.com/platform-5 |access-date = 18 March 2020 |website = Jason Bruges Studio |language = en-US |archive-date = 9 August 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809143407/https://www.jasonbruges.com/platform-5 |url-status = live }}</ref>
*Wallsend: ''Pontis'' (2003) by Michael Pinsky<ref>{{Cite web |title = 'Pontis' by Michael Pinsky |url = https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/pontis-michael-pinsky |access-date = 18 March 2020 |publisher = Nexus |language = en-GB |archive-date = 16 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200316031056/https://www.nexus.org.uk/art-transport/commissions/pontis-michael-pinsky |url-status = live }}</ref>
{{Gallery
|title=Art
|width=215 |height=165
|align=center
|footer=
|Haymarket Metro station, 20 September 2010 (8).jpg|alt1=
 |Canon (2010)|Parsons’ Polygon, Blackett Street, Newcastle upon Tyne.jpg|alt2=
 |Parson's Polygon (1985)|Hadrian's Wall - Tyne and Wear Metro style.jpg|alt3= 
 |Pontis (2003)}}

== See also ==
* [[List of Tyne and Wear Metro stations]]
* [[Transport in Tyne and Wear]]
* [[Urban rail in the United Kingdom]]
{{clear}}
==References==
=== Notes ===
<references group="lower-alpha" />

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal |last1 = Howard |first1 = D. F. |title = Tyne and Wear Metro—A Modern Rapid Transit System |journal = Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers |date = 1976 |volume = 190 |pages = 121–136 |doi = 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1976_190_017_02}}
* {{Cite magazine |last = Kelly |first = Peter |date =   December 1981 – January 1982 |title = A line for all Geordies |magazine = [[RAIL (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]] |publisher = EMAP National Publications |pages = 48–51 |issn = 0262-561X |oclc = 49957965}}
* {{Cite magazine |last = Brown |first = Murray |date = June 1984 |title = Metro miracle is complete |magazine = [[RAIL (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]] |publisher = EMAP National Publications |pages = 23–25 |issn = 0262-561X |oclc = 49957965}}
* {{Cite magazine |last = Etherington |first = Robin |date = 6–19 April 1989 |title = New liveries for Tyne & Wear Metro |magazine = [[RAIL (magazine)|RAIL]] |publisher = EMAP National Publications |issue = 93 |page = 10 |issn = 0953-4563 |oclc = 49953699}}
* {{Cite magazine |last = Haigh |first = Phil |date = 3–16 December 1997 |title = Geordie's canny Metro heads for Wearside |magazine = [[RAIL (magazine)|RAIL]] |publisher = EMAP Apex Publications |issue = 319 |pages = 30–34 |issn = 0953-4563 |oclc = 49953699}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Tyne and Wear Metro}}
{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Tyne and Wear Metro network}}
{{UK light rail}}
{{Britishmetros}}
{{Underground rapid transit in the European Union}}
{{Internationally Metro Organizations}}
{{Airport rail links in the United Kingdom}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Tyne and Wear Metro| ]]
[[Category:1500 V DC railway electrification]]
[[Category:Airport rail links in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Arriva Group companies]]
[[Category:Electric railways in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Light rail in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1980]]
[[Category:Railway loop lines]]
[[Category:Transport in Newcastle upon Tyne]]
[[Category:Transport in the City of Sunderland|Metro]]
[[Category:Transport in Tyne and Wear]]
[[Category:Nexus (transport executive)]]
[[Category:Underground rapid transit in England]]