View source for USS California (ACR-6)

{{Short description|Pennsylvania class armored cruiser}}
{{Other ships|USS California|USS San Diego}}
{{Lead too short|date=August 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image=Uss california ca.jpg
 |image_caption=USS ''San Diego'' (ACR-6), 28 January 1915, while serving as flagship of the Pacific Fleet. Note two-star [[Rear admiral (United States)|rear admiral's]] flag flying from her mainmast top.
 }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=United States
 |flag={{USN flag|1918}}
 |name=*''California'' (1907–1914)
       *''San Diego'' (1914–1918)
 |namesake=*State of [[California]]
           *City of [[San Diego]], California
 |ordered=3 March 1899
 |awarded=10 January 1901
 |original_cost= $3,800,000 (contract price of hull and machinery)
 |builder=[[Union Iron Works]], [[San Francisco]], California
 |laid_down= 7 May 1902
 |launched= 28 April 1904
 |completed=
 |acquired=
 |sponsor=Miss F. Pardee
 |commissioned= 1 August 1907
 |decommissioned=
 |in_service=
 |out_of_service=
 |renamed=''San Diego'', 1 September 1914
 |refit=
 |struck=
 |homeport=
 |motto=
 |nickname=
 |honors=
 |identification=[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]: ACR-6
 |fate=Sunk 19 July 1918, by {{ship|SM|U-156||2}}
 |notes=
 |badge=
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption=
 |class={{sclass|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} [[armored cruiser]]
 |displacement=
*{{cvt|13680|LT|0|lk=in}} (standard)
*{{cvt|15138|LT|0}} (full load)
 |length=
*{{cvt|503|ft|11|in}} [[length overall|oa]]
*{{cvt|502|ft}} [[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
 |beam={{cvt|69|ft|6|in}}
 |draft={{cvt|24|ft|1|in}} (mean)
 |power=
*16 × [[Babcock and Wilcox boiler#Babcock & Wilcox boiler|Babcock & Wilcox boilers]]
*{{cvt|23000|ihp|lk=in}}
 |propulsion=
*2 × [[Triple expansion engine|vertical triple expansion]] [[reciprocating engine]]s
*2 × [[Propeller|screw]]s
 |speed=
*{{cvt|22|kn|lk=in}}
*{{cvt|22.20|kn}} (Speed on [[Sea trial|Trials]])
 |range=
 |complement=80 officers 745 enlisted 64 [[United States Marine Corps|Marines]]
 |armament=
*4 × [[8"/35 caliber gun|{{cvt|8|in|0}}/40]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 5 [[Breech-loading weapon|breech-loading rifles (BL)]](2×2)
*14 × [[6"/50 caliber gun|{{cvt|6|in|0}}/50 cal]] Mark 6 BL rifles
*18 × [[3"/50 caliber gun|{{cvt|3|in|0}}/50 cal]] rapid-fire guns
*12 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|3-pounder]] ({{cvt|47|mm}}) [[Driggs-Schroeder]] guns
*2 × [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom#United States|1-pounder]] ({{cvt|37|mm}}) Driggs-Schroeder [[Saluting guns#Heavy arms: gun salutes|saluting guns]]
*2 × [[American 18 inch torpedo|18 inch (450 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s
 |armor=
*'''[[Belt armor|Belt]]:''' {{cvt|6|in|0}} (top & waterline)
*{{cvt|5|in|0}} (bottom)
*'''[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]:''' {{cvt|1+1/2|in|0}} - 6 in (amidships)
*{{cvt|4|in|0}} (forward & aft)
*'''[[Barbette]]s:''' 6 in
*'''[[Gun turret|Turret]]s:''' 6 - {{cvt|6+1/2|in|0}}
*'''[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]:''' {{cvt|9|in|0}} |notes=
 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption= (Pre-1911 Refit)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXijAAAAMAAJ | title=Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels | publisher=US Naval Department | date=1 January 1914 | access-date=16 September 2015 | pages=24–31}}</ref>
 |power=8 × Modified Niclausse boilers, 12 × [[Babcock and Wilcox boiler#Babcock & Wilcox boiler|Babcock & Wilcox boilers]]
 |armament=
*4 × [[8"/45 caliber gun|8 in/45 cal]] Mark 6 BL rifles (2×2)
*14 × 6 in/50 cal Mark 6 BL rifles
*18 × 3 in/50 cal rapid-fire guns
*4 × 3-pounder (47 mm) Driggs-Schroeder saluting guns
*2 × 18 in submerged torpedo tubes
 }}

|section5={{Infobox NRHP
 | embed        = yes
 | name         = USS SAN DIEGO (Armored Cruiser) Shipwreck Site
 | nrhp_type    =
 | image        =
 | caption      =
 | nearest_city = [[Fire Island, New York]]
 | locmapin     = New York#USA
 | built        = 1918
 | builder      = Union Iron Works
 | added        = 17 February 1998
 | area         = {{convert|27|acre}}
 | refnum       = 98000071<ref name="nris">{{NRISref |refnum=98000071|version=2010a}}</ref>
 }}
}}

The second '''USS ''California'' (ACR-6)''', also referred to as "Armored Cruiser No. 6", and later renamed '''''San Diego''''', was a [[United States Navy]] {{sclass|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} [[armored cruiser]].

''California'' was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 28 April 1904 by [[Union Iron Works]] at [[San Francisco]], [[California]], [[Ship sponsor|sponsored]] by Miss Florence Pardee, daughter of [[Governor of California|California Governor]] [[George C. Pardee]], and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 1 August 1907.<ref name=DANFS>{{cite web|title=California II (Armored Cruiser No. 6)|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/california-ii.html|publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command | date=29 June 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015}}</ref>

==Service history==
===Pre-World War I===
[[File:Seal_of_California,_1907,_sculpted_by_Robert_Aitken_and_presented_to_the_armored_cruiser_California_(ACR-6)_by_the_Native_Daughters_of_the_Golden_West,_image_taken_from_an_AZO_Tri_2_postcard.jpg|thumb|This plaque, featuring the [[Seal of California|Great Seal of the State of California]], was presented to the USS ''California'' in 1907 by the [[Native Daughters of the Golden West]]]]
Joining the 2nd Division, [[United States Pacific Fleet|Pacific Fleet]], ''California'' took part in the [[Naval Review]] at San Francisco in May 1908 for the [[Secretary of the Navy]] [[Victor H. Metcalf]]. Aside from a cruise to [[Hawaii]] and [[Samoa]] in the fall of 1909, the cruiser operated along the west coast, sharpening her readiness through training exercises and drills, until December 1911, when she sailed for [[Honolulu]], and in March 1912 continued westward for duty on the [[Asiatic Station]]. After this service representing American power and prestige in the Far East, she returned home in August 1912, and was ordered to [[Corinto (Nicaragua)|Corinto]], [[Nicaragua]], then embroiled in internal political disturbance. Here she protected American lives and property, then resumed her operations along the west coast; she cruised off California, and kept a watchful eye on Mexico, at that time also suffering political disturbance.<ref name="DANFS" /> During that time in Mexico, she was involved in an international incident in which two of her crew were shot and killed.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2006 |title=Alexander St. J. Corrie (U.S.A.) v. United Mexican States |url=http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_IV/416-417.pdf |journal=Reports of International Arbitral Awards |publisher=United Nations |volume=IV |pages=416–417}}</ref>
[[File:USS California 1907 LOC npcc 32729.jpg|thumb|left|1907 view]]
''California'' was renamed ''San Diego'' on 1 September 1914, in order to free up her original name for use with the {{sclass|Tennessee|battleship}} {{USS|California|BB-44|2}}. She served as flagship for Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet, intermittently until a boiler explosion put her in [[Mare Island Navy Yard]] in reduced commission through the summer of 1915. The boiler explosion occurred in January 1915 and the actions of [[Ensign (rank)#United States|Ensign]] [[Robert Webster Cary|Robert Cary]] and [[Damage Controlman|Fireman]] [[Petty Officer Second Class|Second Class]] [[Telesforo Trinidad]] during the event earned them both the [[Medal of Honor]].<ref name=CalMM>{{cite web |url=http://www.militarymuseum.org/USSSanDiego.html |title=The U.S.S. San Diego and the California Naval Militia |author=Captain George J. Albert |work=[[California State Military Museum]] |publisher=[[California State Military Department]] |access-date=28 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/lpd22/pages/acr6.aspx#.T3NI5WFSR2A |title=USS San Diego |work=Commander Naval Surface Force, [[U.S. Pacific Fleet]] |publisher=[[United States Navy]] |access-date=28 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022113746/http://www.public.navy.mil/surfor/lpd22/pages/acr6.aspx#.T3NI5WFSR2A |archive-date=22 October 2011}}</ref> ''San Diego'', after spending time at [[Guaymas]], went on to repair at Mare Island.<ref name="Crawford2013">{{cite book|author=Richard W. Crawford|title=San Diego Yesterday|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJ5_CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT41|date=28 May 2013|publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated|isbn=978-1-62584-044-8|pages=41–42}}</ref> Afterwards, she served as a popular attraction during the [[Panama–California Exposition]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Crawford |first=Richard |date=24 August 2008 |title=Navy's original cruiser San Diego met its demise in World War I |url=http://legacy.sandiegouniontribune.com/uniontrib/20080824/news_lz1mc24wewere.html |work=San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=6 May 2017 }}</ref> 
[[File:Admiral William B Caperton USN With members of his staff on board USS San Diego (Armored Cruiser No. 6) at San Diego, California, circa 1916-17. (50191628336).jpg|thumb|225x225px|Admiral [[William Banks Caperton|William B. Caperton]] aboard the San Diego in 1916 when the ship served as a flagship.]]
''San Diego'' returned to duty as flagship through 12 February 1917, when she went into reserve status until the opening of World War I.<ref name="DANFS" />

===World War I===
Placed in full commission on 7 April, the cruiser operated as flagship for Commander, Patrol Force, Pacific Fleet, until 18 July, when she was ordered to the Atlantic Fleet. Reaching Hampton Roads, Virginia, 4 August, she joined Cruiser Division 2, and later bore the flag of Commander, Cruiser Force, Atlantic, which she flew until 19 September.<ref name="DANFS" />

''San Diego''{{'}}s essential mission was the escort of [[convoy]]s through the first dangerous leg of their passages to Europe. Based in [[Tompkinsville, New York]], and [[City of Halifax|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], she operated in the weather-torn, [[submarine]]-infested [[North Atlantic]] safely convoying all of her charges to the ocean escort.<ref name="DANFS" />

====Loss====
[[File:Uss San Diego sinking.jpg|left|thumb|''"The Sinking of USS San Diego" by Francis Muller.'']]
Early on 18 July 1918, ''San Diego'' left the [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard]] bound for New York where she was to meet and escort a convoy bound for France. Her captain — [[Harley H. Christy]] — ordered a zigzag course at a speed of {{cvt|15|kn|lk=in}}. Visibility was reported as being from {{cvt|6|-|8|mi}}. In his report to a Board of Inquiry on the cruiser's loss, Christy stated that all lookouts, gun watches, and fire control parties were at their appointed stations and on full alert, and that all necessary orders to safeguard the watertight integrity of the ship in dangerous waters had been given and were being carried out.<ref name=feuer>{{cite book | last = Feuer | first = A. B. | title = The U.S. Navy in World War I: Combat at Sea and in the Air | year = 1999 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | pages = 103–106 | isbn = 0-275-96212-1}}</ref>

At 11:05 the next day, 19 July, ''San Diego'' was steaming northeast of the [[Fire Island Lightship]] when an explosion occurred on the cruiser's port side adjacent to the port engine room and well below the [[waterline]]. The bulkhead at the site of the explosion was warped so that the watertight door between the engineroom and No. 8 fireroom could not be shut, and both compartments immediately flooded. Captain Christy assumed that the ship had been torpedoed and immediately sounded submarine defense quarters and ordered all guns to open fire on anything resembling a periscope. He called for full speed ahead on both engines and hard right rudder, but was told that both engines were out of commission and that the machinery compartments were rapidly flooding. The ship had taken on a 9° [[List (watercraft)|list]] and water began pouring in through one of the {{convert|6|in|0|adj=on}} gun ports, flooding the gun deck.<ref name=feuer/> As water poured into the gun deck it also entered coal chutes and air ducts, further increasing list.<ref>National Geographic Channel, Draining New York City, 10 June 2019</ref>

Informed that the ship's radio was not working, Christy dispatched the gunnery officer to the mainland with a boat crew to summon rescue vessels.

About 10 minutes after the explosion, the cruiser began to sink. Orders were given to lower the life rafts and boats. Captain Christy held off giving the order to abandon ship until he was certain that ''San Diego'' was going to capsize, when the crew abandoned the vessel in a disciplined and orderly manner. Christy was rescued by a crewman named Ferdinando Pocaroba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://july24jmb.tribalpages.com/tribe/browse?userid=july24jmb&view=0&pid=70&ver=9493#moreinfo_|title=Pocoroba/Brostoff Family Tree}}</ref> She had sunk in 28 minutes with the loss of six lives, the only major warship lost by the United States after its involvement in World War I. Two men were killed instantly when the explosion occurred, a crewman who had been oiling the port propeller shaft was never seen again, a man was killed by one of the smokestacks breaking loose as the ship capsized, one was killed when a life raft fell on his head, and the sixth was trapped inside the crow's nest and drowned.<ref name=bleyer>{{cite web|last=Bleyer |first=Bill |title=The Sinking of the San Diego |work=[[Newsday]]|url=http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs710a,0,6633406.story |access-date=2013-04-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813235302/http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs710a,0,6633406.story |archive-date=13 August 2007 }}</ref>

Meanwhile, the gunnery officer had reached shore at [[Point O' Woods, New York]] after a two-hour trip, and vessels were at once sent to the scene.

The Navy Department was informed that a German minelaying submarine was operating off the east coast of the US and the US Naval Air Service was put on alert. Aircraft of the [[First Yale Unit]], based at [[Bay Shore, New York|Bay Shore, Long Island]], attacked what they thought was a submerged submarine lying on the seabed in around {{cvt|100|ft}} and dropped several bombs; it turned out to be ''San Diego''.

====Cause====
Captain Christy was of the opinion, following the sinking, that ''San Diego'' had been sunk by a torpedo. However, there was no evidence of a U-boat in the area at the time, and no wake of a torpedo was seen by the lookouts. While it was reported that five or six mines had been found in the area, the idea that she had struck a mine was also considered unlikely as it was thought that a mine would have been more likely to detonate at the bow or the forward part of the ship.<ref>{{Cite news | title = SAN DIEGO'S LOSS STILL UNEXPLAINED | newspaper = [[The New York Times]]| date = 20 July 1918 | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/07/21/102724594.pdf}}</ref> It was subsequently reported that experienced merchant officers believed that a mine was the probable cause, due to the violence of the explosion and the rapidity with which the ship sank.<ref>{{Cite news | title = SAN DIEGO'S CREW DIFFER AS TO SINKING | newspaper = [[The New York Times]]| date = 21 July 1918 | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/07/21/102724672.pdf}}</ref> In August 1918, the Naval Court of Inquiry appointed to investigate the loss of the cruiser concluded that ''San Diego'' had been sunk by a mine, mentioning that six contact mines had been located by naval forces in the vicinity of the spot where she had sunk.<ref>{{Cite news | title = DECIDE MINE SANK CRUISER SAN DIEGO | newspaper = [[The New York Times]]| date = 6 August 1918 | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/08/06/97014270.pdf}}</ref>

In 1999, a theory was advanced that a German spy [[Kurt Jahnke]] had planted explosives aboard causing the sinking.<ref name=CalMM /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unc.edu/news/archives/jan99/vanwyk.htm |title=UNC-CH historian, dean discovers German spy sank U.S.S. San Diego |last=Williamson |first=David |date=21 January 1999 |publisher=University of North Carolina |access-date=5 May 2017}}<br />{{cite book|title=Sport Diver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jcp4kp61MIC&pg=PA14|date=September–October 1999|pages=14–15|issn=1077-985X}}<br />{{cite book |last1=Hastedt |first1=Glenn P. |last2=Thornhill |first2=William T. |title=Spies, Wiretaps, and Secret Operations: A-J|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=91FyAJDjAvQC&pg=PA413|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-807-1|page=413}}</ref> The claim was contested by the Naval Historical Center.<ref name=CalMM />

In July 2018, USNI News reiterated that the cause of the sinking of ''San Diego'' was still unknown.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2018/07/19/35213|title = How USS San Diego Sank is Still an Open Question 100 Years Later|date = 19 July 2018}}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/RyFJUjuPP3E Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20191114163204/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyFJUjuPP3E&list=PLDQ1SztOjkOmGx-JesMbOWGo5ZZdlc9Wq&index=94&t=0s Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyFJUjuPP3E| title = Exactly How USS San Diego Sank is Still Unknown 100 Years Later | website=[[YouTube]]| date = 28 July 2018 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> However, the [[Kaiserliche Marine|German]] submarine, {{ship|SM|U-156||2}} had earlier laid a number of mines along the south shore of Long Island,<ref>Feuer, p. 103</ref> and the sinking of ''San Diego'' was attributed to her.<ref name=bleyer/><ref>{{cite book | last = Messimer | first = Dwight R. | title = Verschollen: World War I U-boat Losses | publisher = Naval Institute Press | year = 2002 | page = 124 | isbn = 1-55750-475-X}}</ref> Naval records recovered in Germany after the war had shown that ''U-156'' had been operating off the coast of New York, laying mines.<ref name="businessinsider.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ap-scientists-scour-wwi-shipwreck-to-solve-military-mystery-2018-12|title=After 100 years, the Navy thinks it knows what sank the only major US warship lost during World War I|website=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref>

In December 2018, at the annual meeting of the [[American Geophysical Union]], Alexis Catsambis, an underwater archaeologist with the Navy, stated "We believe that ''U-156'' sunk ''San Diego''".<ref name="businessinsider.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/11/675661414/mystery-blast-sank-the-uss-san-diego-in-1918-new-report-reveals-what-happened|title = Mystery Blast Sank the USS San Diego in 1918. New Report Reveals What Happened|newspaper = NPR|date = 11 December 2018|last1 = Stewart|first1 = Ian}}</ref> Flooding patterns studied "weren't consistent with an explosion set inside the vessel", while the hole "didn't look like a torpedo strike." "Torpedoes of the time carried more explosives than mines – and would have shown more immediate damage," stated [[University of Delaware]] marine scientist Arthur Trembanis, who took part in the latest wreck study. Mines were anchored at optimal depths to tear open warships, according to Ken Nahshon, another researcher. The mine in question hit an "unguarded lower part of the ship, where the hull was only about a half-inch thick", he argued.<ref>{{cite web |title=US Navy uncovers mysterious reason warship sunk in World War One |url=https://www.9news.com.au/world/uss-san-diego-warship-explosion-mystery-uncovered/bbd20bfa-8de5-4cae-b5c1-d9b6ad7cf056 |website=9 News |publisher=Associated Press |access-date=15 December 2018}}</ref>

==Wreck==
The wreck presently lies in {{cvt|110|ft}} of water, with the highest parts just {{cvt|66|ft}} below the surface, and as a result is one of the most popular shipwrecks in the US for [[scuba diving]]. Unfortunately the wreck lies inverted (upside-down) and has decayed over the last century. More scuba divers have died over the years on the wreck than the number of crew killed in its sinking, but this has not diminished its popularity. Nicknamed the "Lobster Hotel" for the abundance of [[lobster]]s living there, it is also a home to many kinds of fish. The wreck lies at {{coord|40|33|0.36|N|73|0|28.39|W}}, approximately {{convert|13.5|mi|km|abbr=on}} due south of the intersection of Route 112 and Montauk Highway in [[Patchogue, New York]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2016}}

The wreck is listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

==Legacy==
In 2015, a print first engraved in 1915, was issued by the [[Bureau of Engraving and Printing]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moneyfactorystore.gov/panamacanalcommemorativeusssandiegointaglioprint.aspx |title=Panama Canal Commemorative USS San Diego Intaglio Print |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=24 March 2015 |website=Bureau of Engraving and Printing |publisher=United States Department of the Treasury |access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{USS|Tennessee|ACR-10}} - a US [[armored cruiser]] lost during World War I before American involvement in 1917.

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
*Alden, John D. ''American Steel Navy: A Photographic History of the U.S. Navy from the Introduction of the Steel Hull in 1883 to the Cruise of the Great White Fleet.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0-87021-248-6}}
*Friedman, Norman. ''U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-87021-718-6}}
*Musicant, Ivan. ''U.S. Armored Cruisers: A Design and Operational History.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985. {{ISBN|0-87021-714-3}}
*United Nations. Reports of International Arbitral Awards, 1929. Volume IV pp.&nbsp;416–417.
*{{cite book|title=Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I |author=Taylor, Michael J.H. |publisher=Studio |year=1990 |isbn=1-85170-378-0}}
{{Refend}}
{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/california-ii.html}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|USS California (ACR-6)}}
*{{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20140704162628/http%3A//www%2Ehistory%2Enavy%2Emil/photos/sh%2Dusn/usnsh%2Dc/acr6%2Ehtm |title=Navy photographs of ''California'' (ACR-6) |date=2014-07-04}} 
*{{navsource|04/acr6/acr6|USS ''California'' / ''San Diego''}}
*[http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/cruisers/acr6.txt hazegray.org: USS ''California'' / ''San Diego'']
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w__UvmyWC1A&t= USS San Diego Lost at Sea Memorial Unveiled] (23 May 2019), video produced for [[United States World War I Centennial Commission|U.S. WWI Centennial Commission]].
*[http://www.aquaexplorers.com/SanDiego.htm USS San Diego] Shipwreck Expo site
*[https://archive.org/details/catalogueofships00calirich Catalogue of ship's and crew's libraries of the U.S.S. California] (1905)

{{Pennsylvania class cruiser}}
{{July 1918 shipwrecks}}

{{coord|40|33|0.36|N|73|0|28.39|W|display=title|scale:200}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:California (ACR-6)}}
[[Category:Suffolk County, New York]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Ships built in San Francisco]]
[[Category:1904 ships]]
[[Category:Banana Wars ships of the United States]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by mines]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the New York (state) coast]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1918]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County, New York]]
[[Category:Ships built by Union Iron Works]]