View source for USS Maryland (ACR-8)

{{short description|Pennsylvania-class armored cruiser}}
{{Other ships|USS Maryland|USS Frederick}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=USSMarylandACR8.jpg
|Ship caption=USS ''Frederick'' (ACR-8), ex-USS ''Maryland'', starboard view, 1919.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1929}}
|Ship name=''Maryland''
|Ship namesake=*State of [[Maryland]]
*City of [[Frederick, Maryland|Frederick]], Maryland
|Ship ordered=7 June 1900
|Ship original cost= $3,775,000 (contract price of hull and machinery)
|Ship builder=[[Newport News Shipbuilding|Newport News Drydock & ShipbuildingCo.]], [[Newport News, Virginia]]
|Ship laid down= 29 October 1901
|Ship launched= 12 September 1903
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship sponsor=Miss F. Pardee
|Ship commissioned= 18 April 1905
|Ship decommissioned=14 February 1922
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=''Frederick'', 9 November 1916
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=13 November 1929
|Ship reclassified=CA-8, 17 July 1920
|Ship identification=*[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]: ACR-8
*Hull symbol: CA-8
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=Sold for scrap, 11 February 1930
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (as built)
|Ship class={{sclass|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} [[armored cruiser]]
|Ship displacement=
*{{cvt|13680|LT|0|lk=in}} (standard)
*{{cvt|15138|LT|0}} (full load)
|Ship length=
*{{cvt|503|ft|11|in|lk=in}} [[length overall|oa]]
*{{cvt|502|ft|}} [[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
|Ship beam={{cvt|69|ft|6|in}}
|Ship draft={{cvt|24|ft|1|in}} (mean)
|Ship power=
*16 × [[Babcock and Wilcox boiler#Babcock & Wilcox boiler|Babcock & Wilcox boilers]]
*{{cvt|23000|ihp|lk=in}}
|Ship propulsion=
*2 × [[Triple expansion engine|vertical triple expansion]] [[reciprocating engine]]s
*2 × [[Propeller|screw]]s
|Ship speed=
*{{cvt|22|kn|lk=in}}
*{{cvt|22.41|kn}} (Speed on [[Sea trial|Trials]])
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=80 officers 745 enlisted 64 [[United States Marine Corps|Marines]]
|Ship armament=
*4 × [[8"/35 caliber gun|{{cvt|8|in|0}}/40]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 5 [[Breech-loading weapon|breech-loading rifles (BL)]](2×2)
*14 × [[6-inch/50-caliber gun|{{cvt|6|in|0}}/50 cal]] Mark 6 BL rifles
*18 × [[3-inch/50-caliber gun|{{cvt|3|in|0}}/50 cal]] rapid-fire guns
*12 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|3-pounder]] ({{cvt|47|mm}}) [[Driggs-Schroeder]] guns
*2 × [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom#United States|1-pounder]] ({{cvt|37|mm}}) Driggs-Schroeder [[Saluting guns#Heavy arms: gun salutes|saluting guns]]
*2 × [[American 18 inch torpedo|18 inch (450 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship armor=
*'''[[Belt armor|Belt]]:''' {{cvt|6|in|0}} (top & waterline)
*{{cvt|5|in|0}} (bottom)
*'''[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]:''' {{cvt|1+1/2|in|0}} - 6 in (amidships)
*{{cvt|4|in|0}} (forward & aft)
*'''[[Barbette]]s:''' 6 in
*'''[[Gun turret|Turret]]s:''' 6 - {{cvt|6+1/2|in|0}}
*'''[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]:''' {{cvt|9|in|0}}|Ship
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (Pre-1911 Refit)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXijAAAAMAAJ | title=Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels | publisher=US Naval Department | date=1 January 1914 | access-date=16 September 2015 | pages=24–31}}</ref>
|Ship power=8 × Modified Niclausse boilers, 12 × [[Babcock and Wilcox boiler#Babcock & Wilcox boiler|Babcock & Wilcox boilers]]
|Ship armament=
*4 × [[8"/45 caliber gun|8 in/45 cal]] Mark 6 BL rifles (2×2)
*14 × 6 in/50 cal Mark 6 BL rifles
*18 × 3 in/50 cal rapid-fire guns
*4 × 3-pounder (47 mm) Driggs-Schroeder saluting guns
*2 × 18 in submerged torpedo tubes
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (Pre-1921 Refit)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2gYAQAAIAAJ | title=Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels | year=1921 | publisher=US Navy | access-date=15 September 2015 | pages=50}}</ref>
|Ship armament=
*4 × 8 in/45 caliber Mark 6 BL rifles (2×2)
*14 × 6 in/50 Mark 6 caliber BL rifles
*10 × 3 in/50 caliber rapid-fire guns
*2 × 3 in/50 caliber [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]]
*4 × 3-pounder (47 mm) Driggs-Schroeder saluting guns
*2 × 18 in torpedo tubes
}}
|}

The second '''USS ''Maryland'' (ACR-8/CA-8)''', also referred to as "Armored Cruiser No. 8", and later renamed '''''Frederick''''', was a [[United States Navy]] {{sclass|Pennsylvania|cruiser|0}} [[armored cruiser]].

She was laid down on 7 October 1901 by the [[Newport News Shipbuilding|Newport News Drydock & ShipbuildingCo.]], [[Newport News, Virginia]], launched on 12 September 1903, sponsored by Miss Jennie Scott Waters; and commissioned on 18 April 1905, [[Captain (USN)|Captain]] [[Royal R. Ingersoll]] in command.<ref name=DANFS>{{cite web|title=Maryland II (Armored Cruiser No. 8)|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/maryland-ii.html|publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command | date=6 August 2015 |access-date=11 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Cruiser Maryland|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1905-04-18/ed-1/seq-3/|access-date=11 December 2015|work=Evening Star|date=18 April 1905|location=Washington, D.C.|page=3}}</ref>

==Service history==

===Pre-World War I===
In October 1905, following shakedown, ''Maryland'' joined the [[United States Fleet Forces Command|Atlantic Fleet]] for operations along the east coast and in the [[Caribbean]], where she took part in the 1906 winter maneuvers off [[Cuba]]. The next summer, she conducted a training cruise for [[Massachusetts Naval Militia]]men, and then readied for transfer to the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]]. Departing Newport on 8 September 1906, she sailed – via [[San Francisco]] and [[Hawaii]] — for the [[Asiatic Squadron|Asiatic Station]], where she remained until October 1907.  She then returned to San Francisco and for the next decade she cruised throughout the Pacific, participating in survey missions to [[Alaska]] (1912 and 1913); carrying [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Philander C. Knox|Knox]] to [[Tokyo]] for the funeral of [[Emperor Meiji Tenno]] (September 1912); steaming off the [[Central America]]n coast to aid, if necessary, Americans endangered by political turmoil in [[Mexico]] and [[Nicaragua]] (1913, 1914, and 1916); and making numerous training cruises to Hawaii and the South-Central Pacific.<ref name="DANFS" /> Interestingly she was the recipient of torpedo damage, from a practice torpedo fired by {{USS|Grampus|SS-4}} on August 24, 1912. Maryland was performing maneuvers with both ''Grampus'' and {{USS|Pike|SS-6}} in one of the first documented simulated attacks by submarines on capital ships, as many believed that submarines were too slow, dirty, and fragile to be effective weapons. The practice torpedo, which was fitted with collapsible warhead to avoid damage, actually punctured ''Maryland'''s hull 9 feet below the waterline causing enough flooding to take on a 5 degree list. The exercise required the Navy to rethink torpedo and submarine defenses for ships large than armored cruisers.

===World War I===
When the [[United States Congress]] declared war on [[Imperial Germany]] on 6 April 1917, the armored cruiser, renamed '''''Frederick'''''---in order to free up her original name for use with the {{sclass|Colorado|battleship}} {{USS|Maryland|BB-46|2}}---on 9 November 1916, was ''en route'' from [[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility|Puget Sound]] to San Francisco. Taking on men and supplies at the latter port, she got underway for the Atlantic. From May 1917 – January 1918, she patrolled the southeastern Atlantic off the coast of [[South America]]. On 1 February, she was assigned to escort duty in the [[North Atlantic]], and until the signing of the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|Armistice]], she [[convoy]]ed troopships east of the 37th meridian. By 20 November, she was attached to the Cruiser and Destroyer Force, and before mid-1919 had completed six round trips returning troops from [[France]]. Detached from that duty, she entered the [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard|Philadelphia Navy Yard]] where she was briefly placed in reduced commission.<ref name="DANFS" />

===Inter-war period===
''Frederick'' crossed the Atlantic again, carrying the [[United States Olympic Committee|US Olympic Team]] to [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]], as she conducted a naval reservist training cruise in July 1920. At the end of that year, she returned to the Pacific Fleet. Serving as [[flagship]] of the Train, Pacific Fleet, for the next year, she conducted only one lengthy cruise, to South America in March 1921. Operations off the west coast took up the remainder of her active duty career, and on 14 February 1922 she decommissioned and entered the [[United States Navy reserve fleets|Reserve Fleet]] at [[Mare Island]]. She was struck from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 13 November 1929 and sold on 11 February 1930.<ref name="DANFS" />

In 1921, ''Frederick'' was used for several scenes in [[Harold Lloyd]]'s first full-length film, the comedy ''[[A Sailor-Made Man]]''. ''Camera'' (vol. 4, no. 29, p.&nbsp;8) mentions a dinner party for the cast that was given by the officers of the ship.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
*Alden, John D. ''American Steel Navy: A Photographic History of the U.S. Navy from the Introduction of the Steel Hull in 1883 to the Cruise of the Great White Fleet.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0-87021-248-6}}
*Friedman, Norman. ''U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-87021-718-6}}
*Musicant, Ivan. ''U.S. Armored Cruisers: A Design and Operational History.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985. {{ISBN|0-87021-714-3}}
*{{cite book|title=Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I|author=Taylor, Michael J.H.|publisher= Studio|year=1990|isbn=1-85170-378-0}}
{{Refend}}
{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/maryland-ii.html}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|USS Maryland (ACR-8)}}
*{{navsource|04/acr8/acr8|USS ''Maryland'' / ''Frederick''}}
*[http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/cruisers/acr8.txt hazegray.org: USS ''Maryland'' / ''Frederick''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212160600/http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/cruisers/acr8.txt |date=12 February 2009 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050827112122/http://pw1.netcom.com/~lippfarr/CameraOct2921.htm ''Camera'' excerpt mentioning the movie]
*[http://www.harvard-diggins.org/Burbank/Julsen_Scrap_Books/Book_2/print_Mare_Island.htm ''Mare Island Navy Yard''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419080807/http://www.harvard-diggins.org/Burbank/Julsen_Scrap_Books/Book_2/print_Mare_Island.htm |date=19 April 2010 }} – 1928. [[Elbridge Ayer Burbank]] pencil sketch.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070206072238/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/acr8.htm Photo gallery] at Naval Historical Center {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412053356/http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/acr8.htm |date=12 April 2010 }}

{{Pennsylvania class cruiser}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maryland (ACR-8)}}
[[Category:Pennsylvania-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Ships built in Newport News, Virginia]]
[[Category:1903 ships]]
[[Category:Banana Wars ships of the United States]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United States]]