View source for USS New York (ACR-2)

{{Short description|Second United States Navy armored cruiser so designated}}
{{Other ships|USS New York}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=USS New York (ACR-2).JPG
|Ship caption=USS ''New York'' (ACR-2), off New York City during the victory fleet review, August 1898.
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name= ''New York''
|Builders=[[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]]
|Operators={{naval|United States|1893}}
|Class before={{USS|Maine|ACR-1}}
|Class after={{USS|Brooklyn|ACR-3}}
|Subclasses=
|Cost=
|Built range=1890–1893
|In service range=
|In commission range=1893–1938
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=1
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=1
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships scrapped=
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1893}}
|Ship name=*''New York'' (1891–1911)
*''Saratoga'' (1911–1917)
*''Rochester'' (1917–1938)
|Ship namesake=*State of [[New York (state)|New York]]
*City of [[Saratoga Springs, New York|Saratoga, New York]]
*City of [[Rochester, New York]]
|Ship ordered=7 September 1888
|Ship awarded=28 August 1890
|Ship original cost= $2,985,000 (contract price of hull and machinery)($96,773,700 in 2022 $US)
|Ship builder=[[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]]
|Ship yard number=268
|Ship laid down= 30 September 1890
|Ship launched= 2 December 1891
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship sponsor=Miss Helen Page
|Ship commissioned= 1 August 1893
|Ship decommissioned= 29 April 1933
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship struck=28 October 1938
|Ship renamed=*16 February 1911, ''Saratoga''
*1 December 1917, ''Rochester''
|Ship reclassified=CA-2, 17 July 1920
|Ship honors=
|Ship identification=*[[Hull classification symbol#Surface combatant type|Hull symbol]]: ACR-2
*Hull symbol:CA-2
|Ship fate=[[Scuttled]] 24 December 1941, [[Subic Bay#Shipwrecks of Subic Bay|Subic Bay]], [[Philippines]], wreck remains in place
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (as built)
|Ship type=[[Armored cruiser]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|8150|LT|t|0|lk=in|abbr=on}} (standard)
*{{convert|8900|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} (full load)
|Ship length=*{{convert|384|ft|m|abbr=on}}[[length overall|oa]]
*{{convert|380|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}[[Length between perpendiculars|pp]]
|Ship beam= {{convert|64|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft= {{convert|23|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} (mean)
|Ship power=*8 × [[steam boiler]]s
*4 × [[Triple expansion engine|vertical triple expansion]] [[reciprocating engine]]s
*{{convert|16000|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}} (design)
|Ship propulsion=*2 × [[Propeller|screws]]
|Ship speed=*{{convert|20|kn|lk=in}} (design)
*{{convert|21|kn|lk=in}} (Speed on [[Sea trial|trial]])
|Ship complement=53 officers, 422 enlisted, 40 [[United States Marine Corps|Marines]]
|Ship armament=*6 × [[8"/35 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/35]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 3 [[Breech-loading weapon|breech-loading rifles]] (2 × 2, 2 × 1)
*12 × [[4"/40 caliber gun|{{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/40]] caliber [[quick-firing gun|rapid fire]] (RF) guns
*8 × [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|6-pounder ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}})]] [[Driggs-Schroeder]] RF guns
*4 × [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom#United States|1-pounder ({{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}})]] Driggs-Schroeder [[saluting gun]]s
*3 × {{convert|14|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship armor=*'''[[Belt armor|Belt]]:''' {{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
*'''[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]:''' {{convert|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} sloped sides, {{convert|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} flat middle (amidships)
*{{convert|2+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (forward & aft)
*'''[[Gun turret|Turret]]s:''' {{convert|5+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
*{{convert|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (hoists)
*'''[[Barbette]]s:''' {{convert|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
*'''Side [[barbette]]s:''' {{convert|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
*'''Secondary [[sponson]]s:''' {{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
*'''[[Conning tower|Conning Tower]]:''' {{convert|7+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (1909)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXijAAAAMAAJ | title=Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels | publisher=US Navy Department | date=1 January 1914 | access-date=16 September 2015 | pages=24–31}}</ref><ref name=Conways1/>
|Ship armament=*4 × [[8"/45 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/45 caliber Mark 6]] breech-loading rifles (2 x 2)
*10 × [[5"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/50 caliber Mark 6]] breech-loading rifles
*8 × [[3-inch/50-caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/50 caliber guns]]
*4 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss#US service|3-pounder ({{convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on}})]] Driggs-Schroeder saluting guns
|Ship power=*12 × [[Babcock & Wilcox boiler]]s
|Ship armor=*'''[[Gun turret|Turret]]s:''' {{convert|6+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
*'''[[Barbette]]s:''' {{convert|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}-{{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption= (1919)<ref name=Conways1/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2gYAQAAIAAJ | title=Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels | publisher=US Navy Department | date=1 July 1921 |access-date=15 September 2015 | pages=50}}</ref>
|Ship complement=73 officers, 511 enlisted, 64 Marines
|Ship armament=*4 × {{convert|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/45 caliber Mark 6 breech-loading rifles (2 x 2)
*8 × {{convert|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/50 caliber Mark 6 breech-loading rifles
*2 × {{convert|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/50 caliber [[anti-aircraft]] guns
*2 × 3-pounder ({{convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on}}) Driggs-Schroeder saluting guns
}}
|}

'''USS ''New York''''' ([[Hull number|hull number]] '''ACR-2/CA-2''') was the second [[United States Navy]] [[armored cruiser]] so designated; the first was the ill-fated {{USS|Maine|ACR-1|2}}, which was soon redesignated a second-class [[battleship]]. Due to the unusually protracted construction of ''Maine'', ''New York'' was actually the first armored cruiser to enter U.S. Navy service. The fourth Navy ship to be named in honor of the state of [[New York (state)|New York]], she was later renamed '''''Saratoga''''' and then '''''Rochester'''''. With six 8-inch guns, she was the most heavily armed cruiser in the US Navy when commissioned.<ref name=Conways1>Gardiner and Chesneau, p. 147</ref><ref name=Register1>Bauer and Roberts, p. 133</ref>

She was laid down on 19 September 1890 by [[William Cramp & Sons]], [[Philadelphia]], launched on 2 December 1891, and sponsored by Miss Helen Clifford Page,<ref name=DANFS/> the daughter of J. Seaver Page, the secretary of the [[Union League Club of New York]].<ref name="IllustAmer"/> ''New York'' was commissioned 1 August 1893, Captain [[John Woodward Philip|John Philip]] in command.<ref name=DANFS/>

==Design and construction==

===Acquisition===
In 1888, during the [[50th United States Congress|50th Congress]], 3.5 million dollars was authorized for the construction of ''New York''.<ref name="IllustAmer">{{cite journal| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3QrnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA219 | pages= 217–219|title= Launch of the ''New York''|journal= The Illustrated American| volume=9 |date= 19 December 1891}}</ref> She was designed by the [[United States Department of the Navy|Navy Department]].<ref name=Register1/> On 28 August 1890, the contract for her construction was awarded to William Cramp & Sons of Philadelphia.

===Armament===

''New York'' as built had a main armament of six [[8"/35 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/35]] [[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] Mark 3 [[Breech-loading weapon|breech-loading rifles]] in two twin Mark 5 turrets fore and aft and two open single Mark 3 and/or Mark 4 mounts on the sides.<ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_8-35_mk3.htm DiGiulian, Tony, 8"/35 and 8"/40 USN guns at NavWeaps.com]</ref> Secondary armament was twelve [[4"/40 caliber gun|{{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/40]] caliber [[quick-firing gun|rapid fire]] (RF) guns in [[sponson]]s along the sides, along with eight [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#American service|6-pounder ({{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}})]] [[Driggs-Schroeder]] RF guns, four [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom#United States|1-pounder ({{convert|37|mm|in|abbr=on}})]] Driggs-Schroeder RF guns, and three {{convert|14|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s for [[Howell torpedo]]es.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Register1/><ref name=Friedman1/>

===Armor===

''New York'', as an armored cruiser, had good protection. The belt was {{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} thick and {{convert|9|ft|m|abbr=on}} deep, of which {{convert|4|ft|m|abbr=on}} was below the [[waterline]]. It was {{convert|186|ft|m|abbr=on}} long, protecting only the machinery spaces.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Friedman1/> The armored deck was {{convert|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} thick on its sloped sides and {{convert|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} in the flat middle amidships, but only {{convert|2+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} at the ends.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Friedman1/> The original gun turrets had up to {{convert|5+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} of armor, on {{convert|10|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} [[barbette]]s with {{convert|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} protecting the ammunition hoists.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Friedman1/> The open single 8-inch mounts on the sides were much less protected by {{convert|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} partial barbettes, while the secondary gun [[sponson]]s had {{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}. The [[conning tower]] was {{convert|7+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} thick.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Friedman1/> During construction, the builder reconfigured ''New York''{{'}}s boiler arrangement for tighter compartmentation.<ref name=Friedman1/>

===Comparison with foreign ships===

''New York'' was a fast armored cruiser with a powerful armament, but the belt armor was thin compared to the first generation of older, slow armored cruisers, which tended to have a thick but narrow-coverage (waterline) belt. The thin side armor was comparable to that of the groundbreaking French armored cruiser {{Ship|French cruiser|Dupuy de Lôme||2}}, but the French ship's armor covered a much greater area of the hull.<ref name=Con1>Gardiner and Chesneau, pp. 147, 303</ref><ref name=Jan1>Jane's 1905–1906, p.119, p.161</ref> ''New York'' had a greater number of heavy guns than the French cruiser. The hull protection of both ships was superior to their main rival, the British {{sclass|Blake|cruiser|4}}, which were the largest cruisers at the time but had no side armor.<ref name=Con2>Gardiner and Chesneau, p. 66</ref> The British had switched from building armored cruisers to favor very large, first class [[protected cruiser]]s, and stuck with this policy until after the {{sclass|Diadem|cruiser|4}}.

===Engineering===

Along with having competitive weapons and armor, ''New York'' was intended to be relatively fast at {{convert|20|kn|lk=in}}, and achieved {{convert|21|kn|lk=in}} on trials. This was achieved with four [[triple-expansion engine]]s totaling {{convert|16000|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}}, two clutched in tandem on each of two shafts.<ref name=Friedman1/> The forward engines could be disconnected to conserve fuel at an economical cruising speed. In the US Navy, only {{USS|Brooklyn|ACR-3|2}} shared this feature, which proved something of a liability in the [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba]] when both ships were operating with the forward engines disconnected and did not have time to reconnect them, thus limiting their speed.<ref name=Brook1>[http://www.spanamwar.com/brooklyn.htm USS ''Brooklyn'' at SpanAmWar.com]</ref> As built, eight coal-fired cylindrical [[boiler]]s supplied {{convert|160|psi|lk=on|abbr=on}} steam to the engines.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Friedman1/>

===Refits===

''New York'' underwent an extensive refit in 1905–1909. Her main guns and turrets were replaced with four [[8"/45 caliber gun|{{convert|8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/45]] caliber Mark 6 guns in new Mark 12 turrets.<ref>[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_8-45_mk6.htm DiGiulian, Tony, 8"/45 US Navy guns at Navweaps.com]</ref> The new turrets and barbettes had improved [[Krupp cemented armour|Krupp cemented armor]], with up to {{convert|6+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} on the turrets and {{convert|6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}-{{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} on the barbettes.<ref name=Conways1/> The side 8-inch guns and torpedo tubes were removed. The secondary armament was replaced as well, with ten [[5"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/50]] caliber Mark 6 guns and eight [[3-inch/50-caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/50]] caliber guns. She also received twelve [[Babcock & Wilcox boiler]]s and the funnels were extended to improve [[Natural Draft|natural draft]] through the boilers.<ref name=Conways1/> A further refit during World War I removed two 5-inch and all of the 3-inch single-purpose guns, adding two {{convert|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}/50 [[anti-aircraft]] guns. In 1927 her boilers were reduced to four with two funnels, leaving only {{convert|7700|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Register1/>

==Service==
In July 1893 ''New York'' performed [[sea trials]] using the [[Five Fathom Bank light station]] and the [[North East End light station]] as markers, achieving {{convert|21.0|kn|lk=in}} with {{convert|17401|ihp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}} at a displacement of 8,480 tons; at the time she was said to be the fastest armored vessel in the world.<ref name=Conways1/><ref name=Friedman1>Friedman, pp. 34-39, 465-466</ref><ref name=newyork>{{cite web |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/829420/uss_new_york_acr2five_fathom_bank/? |title=Cruiser New York |publisher=The Scranton Republican (Scranton, Pennsylvania) |date=27 March 1893 |page=1|access-date=7 August 2014}}</ref> On 1 August 1893 ''New York'' was commissioned at Philadelphia, [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[John Woodward Philip|John Philip]] in command.<ref name=DANFS /> After completion, she was accepted by the Navy and left Cramp shipyards on 6 September for the [[League Island Navy Yard]] to load stores.<ref>{{cite news|title=News of the Navy|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1893-09-07/ed-1/seq-9/|work=The Sun (New York, NY)|date=7 September 1893|page=9}}</ref>

===USS ''New York'' (ACR-2)===
[[File:USS New York LOC det 4a04864.jpg|thumb|left|USS ''New York'' c. 1899]]
[[File:Uss new york 1898.jpg|thumb|left|1898 color illustration of the ''New York'']]
Assigned to the [[South Atlantic Squadron]], ''New York'' departed [[New York Harbor]] on 27 December 1893 for [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil. Arriving at Taipu Beach in January 1894, she remained there until heading home on 23 March, via Nicaragua and the [[West Indies]]. Transferred to the [[North Atlantic Squadron]] in August, the cruiser returned to West Indian waters for winter exercises and was commended for her aid during a fire that threatened to destroy [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad]].<ref name=DANFS>{{cite DANFS|title=New York (ACR-2)|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/new-york-iv.html|{{sfnRef|DANFS New York (ACR-2)}}|access-date=6 April 2015}}</ref>

Returning to New York, ''New York'' joined the [[European Squadron]] in 1895, and steamed to [[Kiel]], where she represented the United States at the opening of the [[Kiel Canal]]. Rejoining the North Atlantic Squadron, she operated off [[Fort Monroe]], [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston]], and New York through 1897.<ref name="DANFS" />

''New York'' departed Fort Monroe on 17 January 1898 for [[Key West]]. After the declaration of the [[Spanish–American War]] in April, she steamed to Cuba and bombarded the defenses at [[Matanzas]] before joining other American ships at [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] in May, seeking the Spanish squadron. Not finding them, they bombarded [[Castillo San Felipe del Morro]] at San Juan (12 May) before withdrawing. ''New York'' then became [[flagship]] of [[Admiral (United States)|Admiral]] [[William T. Sampson]]'s squadron, as the American commander planned the campaign against [[Santiago de Cuba|Santiago]]. However, ''New York'' was taking Admiral Sampson to a meeting with Major General [[William Shafter]] when the Spanish fleet made its breakout attempt, some of her engines were disconnected which reduced her speed, and she was only able to participate in the closing phases of the battle.<ref name=Brook1/><ref>[http://www.spanamwar.com/santiago.htm Battle of Santiago de Cuba at SpanAmWar.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.spanamwar.com/newyork.htm USS ''New York'' at SpanAmWar.com]</ref> The [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba]] on 3 July resulted in complete destruction of the Spanish fleet.<ref name="DANFS" />

The cruiser sailed for New York on 14 August to receive a warrior's welcome. The next year, she cruised with various state [[naval militia]] units to Cuba, [[Bermuda]], Honduras, and Venezuela, and conducted summer tactical operations off [[New England]]. On 17 October 1899, she departed New York for Central and South American trouble areas.<ref name="DANFS" />

''New York'' was transferred to the [[Asiatic Fleet]] in 1901, sailing via [[Gibraltar]], [[Port Said]], and Singapore to [[Cavite]], where she became flagship of the Asiatic Fleet. She steamed to [[Yokohama]] in July for the unveiling of the memorial to the [[Perry Expedition]]. In October, ''New York'' visited [[Samar (island)|Samar]] and other Philippine islands as part of the [[Philippine–American War|campaign against insurgents]]. On 13 March 1902, she got underway for [[Hong Kong]] and other Chinese ports. In September, she visited [[Vladivostok]], Russia, then stopped at [[Korea]] before returning to San Francisco in November. In 1903, ''New York'' transferred to the [[Pacific Squadron]] and cruised with it to [[Ampala]], Honduras in February to protect American interests during turbulence there. Steaming via [[Magdalena Bay]], Mexico, the cruiser returned to San Francisco, for a reception for President [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. In 1904, ''New York'' joined squadron cruises off Panama and Peru, then reported to [[Puget Sound]] in June where she became flagship of the Pacific Squadron. In September, she enforced the President's neutrality order during the [[Russo-Japanese War]]. ''New York'' was at [[Valparaíso]], Chile from 21 December 1904 – 4 January 1905, then sailed to [[Boston]] and decommissioned on 31 March for modernization.<ref name="DANFS" />

Recommissioning on 15 May 1909, ''New York'' departed Boston on 25 June for [[Algiers]] and [[Naples]], where she joined the [[Armored Cruiser Squadron]] on 10 July and sailed with it for home on the 23rd. Operating out of Atlantic and gulf ports for the next year, she went into fleet reserve on 31 December.<ref name="DANFS" />

In full commission again on 1 April 1910, ''New York'' steamed via Gibraltar, Port Said, and Singapore to join the [[Asiatic Fleet]] at [[Manila]] on 6 August. While stationed in Asiatic waters, she cruised among the Philippine Islands, and ports in China and Japan.<ref name="DANFS" />

She was renamed '''''Saratoga''''' on 16 February 1911, to make the name "''New York''" available for the battleship {{USS|New York|BB-34|3}}.<ref name="DANFS" />

===USS ''Saratoga'' (ACR-2)===
The cruiser spent the next five years in the Far East. Steaming to [[Bremerton, Washington]] on 6 February 1916, ''Saratoga'' went into reduced commission with the [[Pacific Reserve Fleet]].<ref name="DANFS" />

As the U.S. drew closer to participation in World War I, ''Saratoga'' commissioned in full on 23 April 1917, and joined the [[Pacific Patrol Force]] on 7 June. In September, ''Saratoga'' steamed to Mexico to counter enemy activity in the troubled country. At [[Ensenada, Baja California|Ensenada]], ''Saratoga'' intercepted and helped to capture a merchantman transporting 32 German agents and several Americans seeking to avoid the draft law.<ref name="DANFS" />

In November, she transited the [[Panama Canal]], joining the [[Cruiser Force]], Atlantic Fleet at [[Hampton Roads]]. Here, she was renamed '''''Rochester''''' on 1 December 1917, to free the name "''Saratoga''" for the new [[battlecruiser]] {{USS|Saratoga|CC-3|3}} (eventually the [[aircraft carrier]] [[CV-3]]).<ref name="DANFS" />

===USS ''Rochester'' (ACR-2/CA-2)===
After escorting a [[convoy]] to France, ''Rochester'' commenced target and defense instruction of armed guard crews, in [[Chesapeake Bay]]. In March 1918, she resumed escorting convoys and continued the duty through the end of the war, with [[Alfred Walton Hinds]] in command. On her third trip, with convoy [[HM-58]], a [[U-boat]] torpedoed the British steamer ''Atlantian'' on 9 June. ''Rochester'' sped to her aid, but ''Atlantian'' sank within five minutes. Other ships closed in, but the submarine was not seen again.<ref name="DANFS" />

After the Armistice, ''Rochester'' served as a transport bringing troops home. In May 1919, she served as flagship of the destroyer squadron guarding the transatlantic flight of the Navy's [[Curtiss NC]] [[seaplane]]s. On 17 July 1920 she was redesignated with the [[hull classification symbol|hull number]] '''CA-2''' (heavy cruiser) as part of a fleetwide redesignation plan.<ref>[http://www.navsource.net/archives/04/acr2/acr2.htm USS New York/Saratoga/Rochester at NavSource Naval History]</ref> In the early 1920s, she operated along the east coast.<ref name="DANFS" />

Early in 1923, ''Rochester'' got underway for [[Guantanamo Bay Naval Base|Guantánamo Bay]] to begin another period of service off the coasts of Central and South America.<ref name="DANFS" />

In the summer of 1925, ''Rochester'' carried [[General (United States)|General]] [[John J. Pershing]] and other members of his commission to [[Arica]], Chile to arbitrate the [[Tacna]]-Arica dispute and remained there for the rest of the year. In September 1926, she helped bring peace to turbulent Nicaragua and from time to time returned there in the late 1920s.<ref name="DANFS" />

After a quiet 1927, ''Rochester'' relieved the [[gunboat]] {{USS|Tulsa|PG-22|2}} at [[Corinto (Nicaragua)|Corinto]] in 1928 as Expeditionary Forces directed efforts against bandits in the area. Disturbances boiled over in Haiti in 1929, and opposition to the government was strong; inasmuch as American lives were endangered, ''Rochester'' transported the [[1st Provisional Marine Brigade|1st Marine Brigade]] to [[Port-au-Prince]] and [[Cap-Haïtien]]. In 1930, ''Rochester'' transported the five-man commission sent to investigate the situation. In March, she returned to the area to embark marines and transported them to the U.S. She aided [[Continental Oil]] tanker ''H. W. Bruce'', damaged in a collision on 24 May.<ref name="DANFS" />

[[File:Aerial view of US Naval Station Subic Bay in October 1941.jpg|thumb|USS ''Rochester'' docked in [[Subic Bay]], 27 October 1941]]
In 1931, an [[1931 Nicaragua earthquake|earthquake]] rocked Nicaragua. ''Rochester'' was the first relief ship to arrive on the scene and ferried refugees from the area. Bandits took advantage of the chaotic conditions and ''Rochester'' steamed to the area to counter their activities.<ref name="DANFS" />

''Rochester'' departed [[Balboa, Panama|Balboa]] on 25 February 1932 for service in the Pacific Fleet. She arrived [[Shanghai]] on 27 April, to join the fleet in the [[Yangtze River]] in June and remained there until steaming to Cavite, to decommission on 29 April 1933. She would remain moored at the [[Olongapo Shipyard]] at [[Subic Bay]] for the next eight years, serving as workshop and storage ship. Her name was struck from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 28 October 1938, and she was [[Scuttling|scuttle]]d on 24 December 1941 to prevent her capture by the Japanese.<ref name="DANFS" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pacificwrecks.com/ships/usn/rochester.html | title=USS Rochester CA-2 (USS New York, USS Saratoga, ACR-2) | publisher=Pacific Wrecks.com | date=7 August 2015 | access-date=16 September 2015}}</ref>

==Awards==
[[File:Sampson Medal from the USS New York.jpg|thumb|The Sampson Medal from the USS ''New York'']]
*[[File:Sampson Medal ribbon.JPG|106px]] [[Sampson Medal]]
*[[File:Spanish Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] [[Spanish Campaign Medal]]
*[[File:Philippine Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] [[Philippine Campaign Medal]]
*{{ribbon devices|number=2|type=service-star|name=World War I Victory Medal ribbon|width=106}} [[World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War Victory Medal]] with "ARMED GUARD" and "ESCORT" clasps
*[[File:Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal ribbon.png|106px]] [[Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal]]
*[[File:Yangtze Service Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] [[Yangtze Service Medal]]

==Dive site ''Rochester''==
{{Infobox dive site
| name                = Wreck of USS ''Rochester''
| photo               = 
| photo_width         = 
| photo_caption       = 
| map                 = Luzon mainland
| map_width           = 
| map_caption         = 
| location            = [[Zambales]], [[Philippines]]
| coords              = {{coord|14|48|18|N|120|16|46|E|region:PH}}
| coords_ref          = 
| waterbody           = [[Subic Bay]]
| nearest_land        = 
| dive_type           =[[Open-water diving|Open-water]], [[Deep diving|Deep]], [[Wreck diving|Wreck]]
| depth_range	      = {{convert|55|to|100|ft|m|abbr=on}} 
| average_visibility  = {{convert|5|to|20|m|ft|abbr=on}} 
| entry_type          = Boat
| bottom_composition  = Metal, coral, silt
| water               = 
| nearby_sites        = 
}}
Since being scuttled, ''Rochester'' has been transformed into an [[artificial reef]] and is popular with divers given its somewhat shallow depth of {{convert|59|-|88|ft|m|abbr=on}}, ease of access, and proximity to other wrecks. There is minimal damage to the vessel when it was scuttled and the wreck is relatively intact.

From 11 July 1967 to 20 July 1967 Harbor Clearance Team Four and Yard Light Lift Craft Two attached to [[Harbor Clearance Unit One]] conducted demolition as the U.S. Navy decided to try to flatten the wreck. Large charges were used on the central hull and these resulted in extensive damage around the midsection. This lowered the wreck; enabling deep draft tankers to approach and moor to the POL buoy planned for Subic Bay (at the same time, Navy divers helped to clear more than 650 wrecks from Manila bay).{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}

In 2001, two divers, a Hong Kong national and his American instructor, died while exploring the wreck.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-20 |title=Bodies of 2 divers recovered |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2011/07/20/707520/bodies-2-divers-recovered |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=www.philstar.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*Alden, John D. ''American Steel Navy: A Photographic History of the U.S. Navy from the Introduction of the Steel Hull in 1883 to the Cruise of the Great White Fleet.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989. {{ISBN|0-87021-248-6}}
*{{cite book | last = Bauer | first = K. Jack | author-link = K. Jack Bauer | author2=Roberts, Stephen S. | title = Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants | publisher = Greenwood Press | year = 1991 | location = [[Westport, Connecticut]] | isbn = 0-313-26202-0 }}
*{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = Tom | title = Shipwrecks of the Philippines (E-book) | publisher = Happy Fish Publications | year = 2010 | location = Wales, UK | url =http://shipwrecks-philippines.com/ | isbn = 9780951211489 }}
*Burr, Lawrence. ''US Cruisers 1883–1904: The Birth of the Steel Navy.'' Oxford : Osprey, 2008. {{ISBN|1-84603-267-9}} {{OCLC |488657946}}
*Davis, Charles W. "Subic Bay: Travel & Diving Guide." Manila, Philippines, Encyclea Publications, 2007. {{ISBN|978-971-0321-18-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Friedman| first=Norman |author-link= Norman Friedman |title=U.S. Cruisers: An Illustrated Design History |publisher=Naval Institute Press | year=1984 | location=[[Annapolis, Maryland]] | isbn=0-87021-718-6}}
*{{cite book | last = Gardiner | first = Robert | author2 = Chesneau, Roger | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 | publisher = Mayflower Books | year = 1979 | location = New York | url = https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2 | isbn = 0-8317-0302-4 | url-access = registration }}
*Jane's Fighting Ships 1905/6. Arco Publishing Company, Inc. (reprint) 1970.
*Munsey's Magazine Volume XXVI. October 1901, to March 1902. Page 880 (article with paragraph on the Driggs-Schroeder six pounder guns used on USS Olympia, USS Brooklyn, and USS New York)
*Musicant, Ivan. ''U.S. Armored Cruisers: A Design and Operational History.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1985. {{ISBN|0-87021-714-3}}
*{{cite book|title=Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I|author=Taylor, Michael J.H.|publisher= Studio|year=1990|isbn=1-85170-378-0}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Stephen L. |title=Question 36/03: Wrecks of Pre-WW I Warships |journal=Warship International |date=2004 |volume=XLI |issue=4 |pages=338–339 |issn=0043-0374}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|USS New York (ACR-2)}}
* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/n/new-york-iv.html}}
*[https://www.history.navy.mil/search.html?q=%22uss+new+york%22+ca-2&category=%2Fcontent%2Fhistory%2Fnhhc%2Four-collections USS ''New York'' (CA-2) photos at Naval History & Heritage Command]

{{WWI US ships}}
{{December 1941 shipwrecks}}
{{Recreational dive sites|wresit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New York (ACR-2), USS}}
[[Category:Armored cruisers of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Philippine–American War ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Spanish–American War cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:Banana Wars ships of the United States]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United States]]
[[Category:Ships built by William Cramp & Sons]]
[[Category:1891 ships]]
[[Category:Underwater diving sites in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in December 1941]]
[[Category:Subic Bay]]