View source for USS R-19

{{Short description|R-class submarine of the United States}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}

{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
 |image= USS R-19 (SS-96) radio mast raised.jpg
 |image_caption= USS ''R-19'' (SS-96) is shown here with her telescoping radio mast raised, note the large white "+" painted on the submarine's [[Fairwater (submarine)|fairwater]] for recognition
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=
 |country=United States
 |flag= {{USN flag|1942}}
 |name= ''R-19''
 |ordered= 29 August 1916
 |builder= [[Union Iron Works]], [[San Francisco]], California
 |original_cost= $772,459.09 (hull and machinery){{sfn|Navy List|1921|p=770}}
 |laid_down= 23 June 1917
 |launched= 28 January 1918
 |sponsor= Mrs. Janet Irvine
 |commissioned= 7 October 1918
 |decommissioned= 15 May 1931
 }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header= yes
 |recommissioned= 6 January 1941
 |decommissioned= 9 March 1942 
 |struck= 22 June 1945
 |identification=* [[Hull classification symbol#Submarine type|Hull symbol]]: SS-96 (17 July 1920)
                 *[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: NEGK
                 *{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|Echo}}{{ICS|Golf}}{{ICS|Kilo}}
 |fate= Transferred to United Kingdom,  9 March 1942
 |notes=
 }}

|section4={{Infobox ship/career
 |hide_header=title
 |country= United Kingdom
 |flag= {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
 |name= ''P.514''
 |acquired= 9 March 1942
 | fate= Sunk in [[ramming]], 21 June 1942        
 |notes=
 }}

|section5={{Infobox ship/characteristics
 |hide_header=
 |header_caption= {{sfn|Friedman|1995|p=308}}{{sfn|Priolo|R-19}}
 |class= [[United States R-class submarine|''R-1''-class]] [[submarine]]
 |type= 
 |displacement=
* {{convert|574|LT|0|lk=in}} surfaced
* {{cvt|685|LT|0}} submerged
 |length= {{convert|186|ft|3|in}}
 |beam= {{cvt|18|ft}}
 |draft= {{cvt|15|ft|6|in}}
 |power=
* {{convert|880|bhp|0|lk=on}} diesel
* {{cvt|934|hp|0}} electric
 |propulsion=
* 2 × [[New London Ship and Engine Company|NELSECO]] 6-EB-14 [[diesel engine]]s
* 2 × [[Electro-Dynamic Company]] [[electric motor]]s
* 2 × 60-[[electrochemical cell|cell]] [[storage battery|batteries]]
*2 × [[Propeller]]s
 |speed=
* {{convert|12.5|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
* {{cvt|9.3|kn}} submerged
 |range= {{convert|4700|nmi|lk=in}} at {{cvt|6.2|kn}}, {{cvt|7000|nmi}} if fuel loaded into the main ballast tanks
 |test_depth= {{cvt|200|ft}}
 |capacity= {{convert|18880|USgal|lk=on}} fuel
 |complement=* 2 officers 
             * 27 enlisted
 |armament=
* 4 × [[American 21-inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|adj=on|0}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s (8 [[torpedo]]es)
* 1 × [[3"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|3|in|adj=on|0}}/50-caliber]] [[deck gun]]
 |armor=
 |notes=
 }}
}}

'''USS ''R-19'' (SS-96)''', also known as "Submarine No. 96", was an [[United States R-class submarine|''R-1''-class]] [[Coastal submarine|coastal and harbor defense submarine]]s of the [[United States Navy]] commissioned before the end of [[World War I]].

She was recommissioned before the US entered [[World War II]] and later transferred to the [[Royal Navy]]. She sunk with all hands after a collision on 21 June 1942.

==Design==
The submarines had a length of {{convert|186|ft|3|in|1}} [[length overall|overall]], a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{cvt|18|ft|1}}, and a mean [[draft (ship)|draft]] of {{cvt|15|ft|6|in|1}}. They [[displacement (ship)|displaced]] {{convert|574|LT|lk=in}} on the surface and {{cvt|685|LT}} submerged. The ''R-1''-class submarines had a crew of 2 officers and 27 enlisted men. They had a diving depth of {{cvt|200|ft|1}}.{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=129}}{{sfn|Friedman|1995|p=308}}

For surface running, the boats were powered by two {{convert|440|bhp|lk=in|0|adj=on}} [[New London Ship and Engine Company|NELSECO]] 6-EB-14 [[diesel engine]]s, each driving one [[propeller shaft]]. When submerged each [[propeller]] was driven by a {{convert|467|hp|0|adj=on}} [[Electro-Dynamic Company]] [[electric motor]]. They could reach {{convert|12.5|kn|lk=in}} on the surface and {{cvt|9.3|kn}} underwater. On the surface, the R-1-class had a range of {{convert|4700|nmi|lk=in}} at {{cvt|6.2|kn}}, or {{cvt|7000|nmi}} if fuel was loaded into their main ballast tanks.{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=129}}

The boats were armed with four [[American 21-inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|adj=on|0}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s in the bow. They carried four reloads, for a total of eight [[torpedoe]]s. The ''R-1''-class submarines were also armed with a single [[3"/50 caliber gun|{{cvt|3|in}}/50 caliber]] [[deck gun]].{{sfn|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=129}}{{sfn|Friedman|1995|p=308}}

==Construction==
''R-19''{{'}}s [[keel]] was [[laid down]] by the [[Union Iron Works]], of [[San Francisco]], California, on 23 June 1917. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 28 January 1918,{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}} [[ship sponsor|sponsored]] by Mrs. Janet Irvine,{{sfn|Hall|1925|p=187}} and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 7 October 1918.{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}}

==Service history==
===1918–1931===
After commissioning, which was one month before the [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)|Armistice with Germany]] ending [[World War I]] took effect, ''R-19'' remained on the [[United States West Coast|West Coast]] for nine months at [[San Pedro Submarine Base]], [[San Pedro, Los Angeles|San Pedro]], until March 1919, and then at San Francisco, undergoing overhaul, until June 1919. On 17 June 1919, ''R-19'' sailed for the [[Territory of Hawaii]]. Eight days later, she reached [[Pearl Harbor]], and began almost 12 years of training submarine crews and testing equipment.{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}}

When the US Navy adopted its [[Hull classification symbol|hull classification]] system on 17 July 1920, she received the [[hull number]] '''SS-96'''.{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}}

On 12 December 1930, ''R-19'' left Pearl Harbor, for the [[Philadelphia Navy Yard]]. ''En route'' she called at [[San Diego]]; voyaged south to the [[Panama Canal Zone]]; negotiated the [[Panama Canal]]; then voyaged north through the [[Caribbean Sea]], and the coastal waters of the [[United States East Coast|US East Coast]]; and, finally, up [[Delaware Bay]] and the [[Delaware River]] to Philadelphia.{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}}

On 15 May 1931, ''R-19'' was decommissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, and placed in the [[Reserve Fleet]], where she remained berthed at [[League Island]] for the next nine years.{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}}

===1941–1942===
''R-19'' was recommissioned on 6 January 1941, then went to the [[Naval Submarine Base New London|Submarine Base]], at [[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]], Connecticut, where she was reconditioned. During May 1941, ''R-19'' headed south. For the remainder of the spring, summer, and into the fall of 1941, she patrolled and conducted training exercises in the [[Virgin Islands]], and off the Panama Canal Zone. In October 1941, ''R-19'' returned to Groton, and continued her role as a training submarine.{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}}

On 9 March 1942, ''R-19'' was decommissioned again.{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}}

For her service in the United States Navy, ''R-19'' was eligible for the [[World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War I Victory Medal]], [[American Defense Service Medal]], [[American Campaign Medal]] and the [[World War II Victory Medal]].{{CN|date=November 2025}}

==Royal Navy service==
{{stack|[[File:Swinbrook StMaryV MonumentPhillimore.JPG|thumb|Church monument at [[Swinbrook]], England, to Lt. Phillimore and the crew of HMS ''P.514'']]}}
''R-19'' was transferred to the [[United Kingdom]], under the terms of [[Lend-Lease]], on 9 March 1942. Commissioned into the [[Royal Navy]], she was renamed HMS ''P.514''.{{sfn|DANFS|R-19}}

In June 1942, she sailed for [[St. John's, Newfoundland|St. John's]], Newfoundland. At 03:00, on 21 June 1942, while on surface, ''P.514'' encountered a [[Royal Canadian Navy]] [[minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]], {{HMCS|Georgian}}, off [[St. Shotts]], Newfoundland. Unaware of any friendly submarines in the area and receiving no reply to her challenge, ''Georgian'' [[ramming|rammed]] ''P.514'', which sank with the loss of all hands.{{sfn|Skaarup}}

A [[Board of Inquiry]] ruled that ''Georgian''{{'}}s [[commanding officer]] had acted correctly.{{sfn|Skaarup}}

There is a memorial to ''P.514''{{'}}s officers and men in the [[Church of England parish church]] of St. Mary the Virgin in [[Swinbrook]], England.

Wreck location: {{coord|46|33|N|53|39|W|display=inline, title}}{{sfn|Skaarup}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal
  |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mZEqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA770
  |title= Table 21 - Ships on Navy List June 30, 1919
  |journal= Congressional Serial Set
  |publisher= U.S. Government Printing Office
  |year= 1921
  |page= 770
  |ref= {{sfnRef|Navy List|1921}} 
  }}
* {{cite book
  |last= Friedman
  |first= Norman
  |author-link= Norman Friedman
  |title= U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History
  |publisher= [[Naval Institute Press]]
  |location= [[Annapolis]], Maryland
  |year= 1995
  |isbn= 1-55750-263-3
  }}
* {{cite web
  |last= Priolo
  |first= Gary
  |title= R-19 (SS-96)
  |url= https://www.navsource.net/archives/08/08096.htm
  |website= Navsource.net
  |access-date= 19 November 2025
  |ref= {{sfnRef|Priolo|R-19}}
  }}
* {{cite book
  |last1= Gardiner
  |first1= Robert
  |last2= Gray
  |first2= Randal
  |title= Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
  |year= 1985
  |location= Annapolis, Maryland
  |publisher= Naval Institute Press
  |isbn=0-85177-245-5
  |name-list-style= amp
  }}
* {{cite DANFS
  |last=
  |first= 
  |title= R-19
  |url= https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/r/r-19.html
  |date= 
  |access-date= 19 November 2025
  |ref= {{sfnRef|DANFS|R-19}}
  }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book
  |last= Hall
  |first= Anne Martin
  |title= Ships of the United States navy and their sponsors, 1913-1923
  |url= https://archive.org/details/shipsofunitedsta0000unse/page/187
  |year= 1925
  |access-date= 19 November 2025
  }}
* {{cite web
  |last= Skaarup
  |first= Harold A.
  |title= RCN anti-submarine warfare (ASW) training submarines: HMS P.514, HMS P552, HMS P.554, and HNLMS O 15
  |url= https://www.silverhawkauthor.com/post/rcn-anti-submarine-warfare-asw-training-submarines-hms-p-514-hms-p552-hms-p-554-and-hnlms-o-15
  |access-date= 19 November 2025
  }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|USS R-19 (SS-96)}}
* {{navsource|08/08096|USS R-19 (SS-96)}}

{{United States R class submarine}}
{{WWI US ships}}
{{WWII US ships}}
{{June 1942 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:R-19 (SS-96)}}
[[Category:United States R-class submarines]]
[[Category:World War I submarines of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the United States]]
[[Category:Ships built in San Francisco]]
[[Category:1918 ships]]
[[Category:Ships transferred from the United States Navy to the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:United States R-class submarines of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Friendly fire incidents of World War II]]
[[Category:Submarines sunk in collisions]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in June 1942]]
[[Category:Warships lost with all hands]]
[[Category:Submarines lost with all hands]]
[[Category:Lost submarines of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Submarines sunk by Canadian warships]]