View source for USS Tang (SS-306)

{{short description|Balao-class submarine}}
{{Other ships|USS Tang}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:USSTangSS306.jpg|300px|USS Tang (SS-306), off Mare Island Navy Yard, December 1943]]
|Ship caption=USS ''Tang'' (SS-306) off [[Mare Island Navy Yard]], December 1943
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag|1945}}
|Ship name=USS ''Tang''|Ship namesake=[[Acanthuridae|Tang]]
|Ship ordered=15 December 1941
|Ship builder=[[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]]<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates">{{cite book|last= Friedman | first = Norman | title = U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History | publisher = United States Naval Institute | year = 1995 | location = Annapolis, Maryland | pages = 285–304 | isbn = 1-55750-263-3 }}</ref>
|Ship laid down=15 January 1943<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship launched=17 August 1943<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=15 October 1943<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship struck=8 February 1945
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=Sunk by own torpedo off China in the [[Taiwan Strait]], 25 October 1944<ref name="Register">{{cite book| last1=Bauer|first1=K. Jack|last2=Roberts |first2=Stephen S. |title=Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1991|location=Westport, Connecticut|pages=275–280|isbn=0-313-26202-0}}</ref>
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[Balao-class submarine|''Balao''-class]] diesel-electric submarine<ref name= "Register"/>
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|1470|LT|t|0|lk=on|abbr=on}} surfaced<ref name="Register"/>
*{{convert|2040|LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship length={{convert|311|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship beam={{convert|27|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship draft={{convert|16|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}} maximum<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship propulsion={{Fleet-boat-propulsion-early-FM-4-E}}
|Ship speed=*{{convert|20.25|kn|mph km/h|lk=on|abbr=on}} surfaced<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp. 305–311</ref>
*{{convert|8.75|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship range={{convert|11000|nmi|mi km|lk=on|abbr=on}} surfaced at {{convert|10|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship endurance=*48 hours at {{convert|2|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
*75 days on patrol
|Ship test depth={{convert|400|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> but dived below {{convert|600|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{harvnb|O'Kane|1989|p=40}}</ref>
|Ship complement=10 officers, 68 enlisted<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament={{Fleet-boat-armament-5-inch}}
}}
|}

'''USS ''Tang''''' ([[Hull number|hull number]] '''SS-306''') was a [[Balao-class submarine|''Balao''-class]] submarine of [[World War II]], the first ship of the [[United States Navy]] to bear the name [[Tang (fish)|Tang]]. She was built and launched in 1943, serving until being sunk by her own torpedo off China in the Taiwan Strait on 24 October 1944.

In her short career in the [[Pacific War]], ''Tang'' sank 33 ships totalling 116,454 [[tonnage|ton]]s.<ref>{{Harvnb|O'Kane|1989|p=458}}. Her commanding officer Lieutenant Commander [[Richard O'Kane]] explain that the [[Joint Army–Navy Assessment Committee]] (JANAC) report initially credited ''Tang'' with fewer sinkings. In 1980, the relevant JANAC section "was officially replaced by the credits in the patrol reports."</ref> Commander [[Richard O'Kane]] received the [[Medal of Honor]] for her last two engagements (23 and 24 October 1944).<ref>{{cite web|title= Richard Hetherington O'Kane|url= http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/rokane.htm|work= Arlington National Cemetery Web Site|date= 13 October 2022|access-date= 16 June 2010|archive-date= 15 June 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100615141755/http://arlingtoncemetery.net/rokane.htm|url-status= dead}}</ref>

''Tang'' was sunk during the last engagement by a [[Mark 14 torpedo#Circular runs|circular run]] of her final torpedo,<ref>{{Harvnb|O'Kane|1989|p=443}}</ref> going down in {{convert|180|ft|m|abbr=on}} of water;<ref>{{Harvnb|O'Kane|1989|p=444}}</ref> 78 men were lost, and the 9 survivors were picked up by a [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese]] frigate and taken as [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. This was the only known time that a [[Momsen lung]] was used to escape a sunken submarine.

==Construction==

[[File:Tang Invitation.jpg|thumb|left|Original invitation for ''Tang''{{'s}} commissioning ceremony]]
The contract to build USS ''Tang'' was awarded to [[Mare Island Naval Shipyard]] on 15 December 1941, and her keel was laid down on 15 January 1943. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 17 August sponsored by Mrs. Alix M. Pitre, wife of Captain Antonio S. Pitre, director of research at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard, and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 15 October 1943 with Lieutenant Commander [[Richard O'Kane]], former executive officer of {{USS|Wahoo|SS-238|2}}, in command, and delivered to the Navy on 30 November 1943.<ref>{{Cite web|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|SS-306}} |website=Naval Vessel Register |title=''Tang'' (SS 306)}}</ref>

''Tang'' completed fitting out at Mare Island and moved south to San Diego for 18 days of training before sailing for Hawaii. She arrived at [[Pearl Harbor]] on 8 January 1944 and conducted two more weeks of exercises in preparation for combat.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}

==First war patrol==
''Tang'' departed Pearl Harbor on 22 January 1944 to begin her first war patrol, destined for the [[Caroline Islands]]-[[Mariana Islands]] area.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/t/tang-i.html|title=Tang I (SS-306)|website=NHHC}}</ref> On the morning of 17 February, she sighted a convoy of two freighters, five smaller ships, and their escort. The submarine tracked the convoy, plotted its course, and then prepared to attack. An escort suddenly appeared at a range of {{convert|7000|yd|m|abbr=on}} and closing. ''Tang'' went deep and received five [[depth charge]]s before the escort departed. Unscathed, she returned to [[periscope depth]] and resumed the attack. The range on the nearest freighter closed to {{convert|1500|yd|m|abbr=on}}, and ''Tang'' fired a spread of four torpedoes. Three hit, and ''Gyoten Maru'' (6,800 tons)<ref>{{Harvnb|Blair|1976|p=567}}</ref> sank by the stern. The submarine cleared the area by running deep and then attempted to get ahead of the convoy for a dawn attack, but the remaining freighter passed out of range, protected by aircraft.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

During the night of 22 February, ''Tang'' made a surface attack on a convoy of three cargo ships and two escorts.<ref name="Blair571">{{Harvnb|Blair|1976|p=571}}</ref> She tracked the Japanese ships, through rain squalls that made radar almost useless,<ref name="Blair571"/> for 30&nbsp;minutes before attaining a firing position, on the surface,<ref name="Blair571"/> {{convert|1500|yd|m|abbr=on}} off the port bow of a freighter. A spread of four torpedoes hit ''Fukuyama Maru'' (3,600 tons)<ref name="Blair571"/> from bow to stern, and the enemy ship disintegrated. Early the next morning, ''Tang'' made another approach on the convoy. The escort of the lead ship, the 6,800-ton<ref name="Blair573">{{Harvnb|Blair|1976|p=573}}</ref> ''Yamashimo Maru'', moved from its covering position on the port bow, and the submarine slipped into it and fired four more torpedoes. The first hit the stern of the merchantman, the second hit just aft of the stack; and the third hit just forward of the bridge, producing a terrific secondary explosion. The ship was "twisted, lifted from the water",<ref>O'Kane's patrol report, quoted in {{Harvnb|Blair|1976|p=573}}.</ref> and began spouting flames as she sank.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

On the morning of 24 February, ''Tang'' sighted a [[tanker (ship)|tanker]], a [[Cargo ship|freighter]], and a [[destroyer]]. Rain squalls hampered her as she attempted to attain a good firing position, so she tracked the ships until after nightfall, then made a surface attack. She launched four torpedoes and scored three hits, which sank the ''Tatutaki Maru''-class freighter.{{citation needed|date = November 2016}} The two remaining ships commenced firing in all directions, and ''Tang'' submerged to begin evasive action. She shadowed the enemy until morning and then closed on the tanker for a submerged attack from extremely close range, just {{convert|500|yd|m|abbr=on}}, barely enough to allow her torpedoes to arm.<ref>{{Harvnb|Blair|1976}}, ''passim''; Roscoe, ''Submarine Operations''; Holmes, ''Undersea Victory''.</ref>{{Page needed|date=October 2011}} Additional lookouts had been posted on the target's deck, and when the spread of torpedoes from ''Tang'' struck her, they were hurled into the air with other debris from the ship. ''Echizen Maru'' sank in four minutes as ''Tang'' went deep and rigged for the depth-charge attack that followed.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/> During this evasion, a water leak developed in the forward torpedo room, and ''Tang'' exceeded her depth gauge maximum reading of {{convert|612|ft|m}}.<ref>{{Harvnb|O'Kane|1989|p=111}}</ref> The crew was able to get the submarine back under control and eventually return to the surface. (After the war, the [[Joint Army–Navy Assessment Committee]] (JANAC) denied credit for the tanker seen to explode.)<ref name="Blair573"/>

''Tang'' contacted a convoy consisting of a freighter, transport, and four escorts on the evening of 26 February. She maneuvered into position to attack the wildly zigzagging transport and fired her last four torpedoes and believed she missed; JANAC credited her with sinking ''Choko Maru'', a 1794-ton cargo ship.<ref name="Blair573"/> Having expended all 24 of her torpedoes and scored 16 hits, the submarine arrived at [[Midway Atoll|Midway]] for refit.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

==Second war patrol==
[[File:USS Tang (SS-306) rescues airmen off Truk in 1944.jpg|thumb|300px|USS ''Tang'' rescuing airmen off Truk in May 1944]]
''Tang''{{'}}s second patrol began on 16 March and took her to waters around the [[Palau]] Islands, to [[Davao Gulf]], and to the approaches to [[Chuuk Lagoon|Truk]]. She made five surface contacts, but had no chance to make any attacks. She was then assigned to lifeguard duty near Truk. ''Tang'' rescued 22 downed airmen, including some rescued by John Burns' [[Vought OS2U Kingfisher]],<ref>''Leave No Man Behind: The Saga of Combat Search and Rescue'' by George Galdorisi and Thomas Phillips, pp. 79–80</ref> and took them to Hawaii at the end of the patrol.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

==Third war patrol==
''Tang'' departed Pearl Harbor on 8 June and stalked enemy shipping in the [[East China Sea]] and [[Yellow Sea]] areas. On 24 June, southwest of [[Kagoshima]], the submarine contacted a convoy of six large ships guarded by 16&nbsp;escorts. ''Tang'' closed for a surface attack and fired a spread of three torpedoes at one of the ships and then fired a similar spread at a second target. Explosions followed, and ''Tang'' reported two ships sunk. However, postwar examination of Japanese records revealed by the Japanese government show that two passenger-cargo ships and two freighters were sunk. The ships must have overlapped, and the torpedo spread must have hit and sunk two victims in addition to their intended targets. Those sunk – ''[[Tamahoko Maru]]'', ''Tainan Maru'', ''Nasusan Maru'', and ''Kennichi Maru'' – added up to 16,292 tons of enemy shipping.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

On 30 June, while she patrolled the lane from [[Kyūshū]] to [[Dairen]], ''Tang'' sighted another cargo ship steaming without escort. After making an end-around run on the surface, which produced two torpedo misses, ''Tang'' went deep to avoid depth charges, then surfaced and chased the target until she closed the range to {{convert|750|yd|m|abbr=on}}. A single torpedo blew {{SS|Nikkin Maru||2}} in half, and the transport ship sank, taking with her some 3,200 Japanese soldiers.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

The next morning, ''Tang'' sighted a tanker and a freighter. While she sank the freighter ''Taiun Maru Number Two'', the tanker ''Takatori Maru Number One'' fled. The submarine trailed the latter until dark, then she launched two torpedoes, which sank the tanker. ''Tang'' celebrated 4 July at dawn by an end-around, submerged attack on an enemy freighter that was near shore. However, with rapidly shoaling water and her keel about to touch bottom, ''Tang'' drew back, fired a spread of three with two hits, and then surfaced as survivors of the 6,886-ton cargo ship ''Asukazan Maru'' were being rescued by fishing boats. That afternoon, ''Tang'' sighted ''Yamaoka Maru'', another cargo ship around the same size, and sank her with two torpedoes. The submarine surfaced, and with the aid of grapnel hooks and [[Thompson submachine gun]]s, rescued a survivor who had been clinging to an overturned lifeboat. While prowling the waters off Dairen late the next night, the submarine sighted a cargo ship, and during a submerged attack with her last two torpedoes, sank ''Dori Maru''.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/> Credited with eight ships for 56,000 tons at the time, the score confirmed postwar by JANAC for her third patrol was 10 ships for a total of 39,160 tons.<ref>{{harvnb|Blair|1976|p=952}}</ref>

==Fourth war patrol==
''Tang''<nowiki/>'s fourth war patrol was conducted from 31 July – 3 September in Japanese home waters off the coast of [[Honshū]]. On 10 August, she fired a spread of three torpedoes at a tanker near the beach of [[Omaezaki]], but scored no hits. The next day, after locating two freighters and two escorts, she launched three torpedoes at the larger freighter and two at the other. The larger freighter (''Roko Maru'') disintegrated, apparently due to a torpedo that exploded in her boilers. As the submarine went deep, her crew heard the fourth and fifth torpedoes hit the second ship. After a jarring depth-charge attack, which lasted 38&nbsp;minutes, ''Tang'' returned to periscope depth. Only the two escorts were in sight, and one of them was picking up survivors.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

On 14 August, ''Tang'' attacked a patrol yacht with her deck gun and reduced the Japanese ship's deck house to a shambles with eight hits. Eight days later, she sank a {{convert|225|ft|m|abbr=on}} patrol boat (''No. 2 Nansatsu Maru''). On 23 August, the submarine closed in on a large ship; Japanese crewmen dressed in white uniforms could be seen lining its superstructure and the bridge. She fired three torpedoes, and two hits caused the 8,135-ton transport ''Tsukushi Maru'' to sink. Two days later, ''Tang'' attacked a tanker and an escort with her last three torpedoes, sinking the tanker, ''No. 8 Nanko Maru''. ''Tang'' then returned to Pearl Harbor.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

==Fifth war patrol and loss==
[[File:USS Tang wdr58062.jpg|thumb|upright=2.0|Damage to USS ''Tang'' from its own torpedo]]
After a refit, ''Tang'' stood out to sea on 24 September for her fifth war patrol. After topping off her fuel at [[Midway Island]], she sailed for the [[Formosa Strait]] on 27 September.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/> To reach her area, ''Tang'' had to pass through narrow waters known to be heavily patrolled by the Japanese. A large area stretching northeast from [[Taiwan|Formosa]] was known to have been mined by the enemy, and O'Kane was given the choice of making the passage north of the island alone, or joining a coordinated attack group ({{USS|Silversides|SS-236|2}}, {{USS|Trigger|SS-237|2}}, and {{USS|Salmon|SS-182|2}}, under Commander [[John S. Coye, Jr.]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Blair|1976|p=1018}}</ref> flag in ''Silversides'') which was to patrol off northeast Formosa, and making the passage with them. ''Tang'' chose to make the passage alone, and these vessels never heard from ''Tang'', nor did any base, after she left Midway.{{citation needed|date = October 2013}}

The story of ''Tang''{{'}}s fate comes from the report of her surviving commanding officer.<ref name=report5>{{Cite web|last=O'Kane |first=Richard H. |title=Report of War Patrol Number Five |date=September 1945 |url=http://www.warfish.com/tang/report5_t.html }}. Also in {{Harvnb|O'Kane|1989|pp=443–445}}.</ref>

On the night of 10–11 October, ''Tang'' sank the cargo ships ''Joshu Go'' and ''Ōita Maru''. The submarine continued on patrol until 23 October, when she contacted a large convoy consisting of three tankers, a transport, a freighter, and numerous escorts. Commander O'Kane planned a night surface attack. ''Tang'' broke into the middle of the formation, firing torpedoes as she closed on the tankers (later identified as freighters). Two torpedoes struck under the stack and engine room of the nearest, a single burst into the stern of the middle one, and two exploded under the stack and engine space of the farthest. The first torpedoes began exploding before the last was fired, and all hit their targets, which were soon either burning or sinking. As the submarine prepared to fire at the tanker  crossing her stern, she sighted the transport bearing down on her in an attempt to ram. ''Tang'' had no room to dive, so she crossed the transport's bow, and with full left rudder, saved her stern and got inside the transport's [[Turning radius|turning circle]]. The transport was forced to continue her swing to avoid the tanker, which had also been coming in to ram. The tanker struck the transport's starboard quarter shortly after the submarine fired four stern torpedoes along their double length at a range of {{convert|400|yd|m|abbr=on}}. The tanker sank bow first and the transport had a 30°-up angle. With escorts approaching on the port bow and beam and a destroyer closing on the port quarter, ''Tang'' rang up full speed and headed for open water. When the submarine was {{convert|6000|yd|m|abbr=on}} from the transport, another explosion was observed, and its bow disappeared.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

On the morning of 24 October, ''Tang'' began patrolling at periscope depth. She surfaced at dark and headed for [[Kiushan Tao|Turnabout Island]] ({{Coord|25.431493|119.93989|dim:20000}}). On approaching the island, the submarine's surface search [[radar]] showed so many blips that it was almost useless. ''Tang'' soon{{clarify|date=October 2013}}<!--Blair, p.767, puts this the night of 24/25 October--> identified a large convoy, which contained tankers with planes on their decks and transports with crated planes stacked on their bows and sterns. As the submarine tracked the Japanese ships along the coast, the convoy's escorts became suspicious, and the escort commander began signaling with a large searchlight. This illuminated the convoy, and ''Tang'' chose a large, three-deck transport as her first target, a smaller transport as the second, and a large tanker as the third. Their ranges varied from {{convert|900|to|1,400|yd|m|abbr=on}}. After firing two torpedoes at each target, the submarine paralleled the convoy to choose her next victims. She fired stern torpedoes at another transport and tanker aft.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

As ''Tang'' poured on full speed to escape the gunfire directed at her, a destroyer passed around the stern of the transport and headed for the submarine. The tanker exploded,<!--Blair says not--> and a hit was seen on the transport. A few seconds later, the destroyer exploded,<!--Blair makes no mention of the can being hit--> either from intercepting ''Tang''{{'}}s third torpedo or from shell fire of two escorts closing on the beam. Only the transport remained afloat, dead in the water. The submarine cleared to {{convert|240|ft|m|abbr=on}}, rechecked the last two torpedoes that had been loaded in the bow tubes,<ref name="Wagner378">{{cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=Margaret E. |last2=Kennedy |first2=David M. |last3=Osborne |first3=Linda Barrett |last4=Reyburn |first4=Susan |title=The Library of Congress World War II companion |date=2007 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7432-5219-5}}</ref> and returned to finish off the transport. The 23rd torpedo was fired at {{convert|900|yd|m|abbr=on}} and was observed running hot, straight, and normal.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/> ''Tang''{{'}}s score for the night was later confirmed as the freighters ''Kogen Maru'' (6,600 tons) and ''Matsumoto Maru'' (7,000 tons).<ref>{{harvnb|Blair|1976|p=767}}</ref>

At 02:30 on 25 October, the 24th and last torpedo (a [[Mark 18 torpedo|Mark 18 electric torpedo]]) was fired. It [[Broach (nautical)|broached]] and curved to the left in a circular run. ''Tang'' fishtailed under emergency power to clear the turning circle of the torpedo, but it struck her abreast the aft torpedo room about 20 seconds after it was fired.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/> The explosion was violent, and men as far forward as the control room received broken limbs. The ship went down by the stern with the aft three compartments flooded. Of the nine officers and men on the bridge, including O'Kane,<ref name="Blair, p.768">{{harvnb|Blair|1976|p=768}}</ref> three were able to swim through the night until picked up eight hours later. One officer escaped from the flooded [[conning tower]] and was rescued with the others.<ref>{{harvnb|O'Kane|1977|p=452}}; Savadkin escaped from the conning tower</ref><ref name="Blair, p.768"/>

The submarine bottomed at {{convert|180|ft|m|abbr=on}} and the 30<ref name="Blair, p.768"/> survivors crowded into the forward torpedo room as the aft compartments flooded, intending to use the forward [[escape trunk]].<ref name="Blair, p.768"/> Publications were burned, and all assembled in the forward room to escape. The escape was delayed by a Japanese patrol, which dropped depth charges, and started an electrical fire in the forward battery. Beginning at 06:00 on 25 October, using the [[Momsen lung]], the only known case where it was used,<ref name="Blair, p.768"/> 13 men escaped from the forward torpedo room.{{sfn|O'Kane|1989|p=445}} By the time the last had exited, the heat from the battery fire was so intense, paint on the bulkhead was scorching, melting, and running down.{{sfn|O'Kane|1989|p=444}} Of the 13&nbsp;men who escaped from the forward torpedo room, only five were rescued.{{sfn|O'Kane|1989|p=445}}<ref name=USSubCasualties1966>{{cite book |title=Submarine Casualties Booklet |publisher=U.S. Naval Submarine School |year=1966|url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/8200|access-date=2009-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727224438/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/8200|archive-date=27 July 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref> One sailor who was near the group of five, but injured during the ascent, was not rescued.<ref>{{cite video |title=Silent Victory: Submarine Warfare in WWII |chapter=Interview with Jesse DaSilva |last=DaSilva |first=Jesse |isbn=0-7411-2660-5 |year=2010 |publisher=Timeless Media Group}}</ref> Three who were on the bridge were rescued after swimming for 8 hours.{{sfn|O'Kane|1989|p=445}} Another survivor escaped the conning tower and used his pants as a flotation device.{{sfn|O'Kane|1989|p=445}} In total, 78&nbsp;men were lost.<ref name=Hinman>{{cite web|last=Hinman|first=Charles R.|title=On Eternal Patrol – USS Tang (SS-306)|url=http://www.oneternalpatrol.com/uss-tang-306.htm|work=On Eternal Patrol|publisher=Charles R. Hinman|access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref> Those who escaped the submarine were greeted in the morning by the sight of the bow of the transport they sank the previous night sticking straight out of the water.<ref name=Scott>{{Cite book|title = The War Below|last = Scott|first = James|year = 2012}}{{page needed|date=September 2015}}</ref>

One of the 78 men lost was Rubin MacNiel Raiford, who at age 15, may have been the youngest American person in the military to lose his life in combat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profiles > Rubin MacNiel Raiford |url=https://www.honorstates.org/index.php?id=79999 |access-date=23 May 2023 |website=honorstates.org}}</ref>

Nine survivors, including O'Kane, were picked up the next morning by Japanese [[frigate]] {{ship|Japanese escort ship|CD-34||2}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/CD-34_t.htm |title=Japanese Escorts |publisher=Combinedfleet.com |access-date=25 October 2013}}</ref> Other accounts report that only eight men, including O'Kane, were rescued.<ref name="Wagner378"/> Survivors of ''Tang''{{'}}s previous sinkings were on board, and they beat the men from ''Tang''. O'Kane stated, "When we realized that our clubbing and kickings were being administered by the burned, mutilated survivors of our handiwork, we found we could take it with less prejudice."<ref name="Wagner378"/>
The nine captives were placed in a prison camp at [[Ōfuna (Prisoner of War Camp)|Ōfuna]] until the end of the war, where they were interrogated by Japanese intelligence.<ref name=Scott/>

''Tang'' was stricken from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 8 February 1945.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/> As is tradition for US submarines lost at sea, ''Tang'' was not decommissioned and officially remains on "Eternal Patrol".

==Awards==
''Tang'' received four [[Service star|battle star]]s and two [[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]]s for World War II service. Her commanding officer, Richard O'Kane, received the Medal of Honor for ''Tang''{{'}}s final combat action.<ref group=DANFS name=danfs/>

During the war, ''Tang'' was credited with sinking 31&nbsp;ships in her five patrols, totaling 227,800 tons, and damaging two for 4,100 tons. This was unequaled among American submarines. Postwar comparison with Japanese records by the JANAC reduced this to 24&nbsp;ships, totaling 93,824 tons, placing her second on the list for ships sunk after {{USS|Tautog|SS-199|6}} (with 26) and fourth behind {{USS|Flasher|SS-249|6}}, {{USS|Rasher|SS-269|2}}, and {{USS|Barb|SS-220|2}} for total confirmed tonnage.<ref>{{harvnb|Blair|1976|pp=988–989}}</ref> These figures have since been revised to 33&nbsp;ships totalling 116,454 tons, placing her first in the [[List of most successful American submarines in World War II|list of the most successful American submarines in World War II]] for both number of ships and tonnage.<ref>{{harvnb|Blair|1976|pp=988–989}}; {{harvnb|O'Kane|1989|p=458}}</ref> ''Tang'' also retains the best patrol by number of ships sunk, her third, with 10 for 39,100 tons.<ref>{{harvnb|Blair|1976|p=988}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* In the 1951 movie ''[[Submarine Command]]'', the opening scenes show a submarine with the hull number SS-306<ref>{{Cite web |title=Submarine Command -- (Movie Clip) Opening, Mothballed |url=https://www.tcm.com/video/242360/submarine-command-movie-clip-opening-mothballed |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Turner Classic Movies |language=en}}</ref> in the [[United States Navy reserve fleets|mothball fleet]] at [[Mare Island]]. For the film, SS-306 is named ''Tiger Shark'', and is portrayed by {{USS| Sterlet|SS-392}}, another ''Balao''-class submarine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sterlet (SS-392) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/sterlet.html |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=NHHC |language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''Tang'' was the subject of two episodes of the syndicated television [[anthology series]] ''The Silent Service'', which aired during the 1957–1958 season. The two episodes depict ''Tang'''s second and fifth patrols. ''Tang'' is also featured in the episode "Fatal Voyage" of the [[Smithsonian Channel]] series ''[[Hell Below (TV series)|Hell Below]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/shows/hell-below/fatal-voyage/1004308/3432506|title=Hell Below: Fatal Voyage|website=Smithsonian Channel|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>
* ''Tang'' is one of several submarines (along with the era's USS ''[[USS Bowfin (SS-287)|Bowfin]]'', ''[[USS Growler (SS-215)|Growler]]'', ''[[USS Seawolf (SS-197)|Seawolf]]'', and ''[[USS Spadefish (SS-411)|Spadefish]]'') whose war patrols can be re-enacted in the 1985 [[MicroProse]] computer game ''[[Silent Service (video game)|Silent Service]]'' and the game's various ports, including [[Konami]]'s 1989 release for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]].<ref name=GameHandbook>{{cite book |last=MicroProse Simulation Software |date=1987 |title=Silent Service Tactical Operation Manual|url=https://shared.fastly.steamstatic.com/store_item_assets/steam/apps/329660/manuals/Tactical_Operations_Manual.pdf |location=Tetbury, Gloucestershire |publisher=MicroProse Simulation Software}}</ref>
* ''Tang'' also appears as a playable submarine during a quick mission in ''[[Silent Hunter 4: Wolves of the Pacific]]''.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
* The sinking of the ''Tang'' was the subject of the 2010 musical piece "Escape from the Deep" by composer [[Brian Balmages]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Drury |first1=Carole |last2=Whitney |first2=Roger |title=Wiscasset Middle School participates in Honors Festival |url=https://www.wiscassetnewspaper.com/article/wiscasset-middle-school-participates-honors-festival/51324 |access-date=6 January 2024 |agency=Wiscasset Newspaper |date=21 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Escape from the Deep |url=https://www.jwpepper.com/Escape-from-the-Deep/10091710.item |website=JWPepper |access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref>
*Diagrams from the report into the sinking of the USS ''Tang'' made a brief appearance in the 2023 film ''[[Godzilla Minus One]]'' to represent the [[USS Redfish (SS-395)|USS ''Redfish'']], which was destroyed during its pursuit of [[Godzilla]] when one of its torpedoes performed a circular run. 
*In the [[documentary series]]'' Hell Under the Sea'' by [[National Geographic]], the '' USS Tang'' was the plot for episode three, season one.

==Museums==
''Tang'' has been memorialized as part of a special interactive exhibit at the [[National World War II Museum]] in [[New Orleans]], called "Final Mission". Visitors enter into a simulated recreation of the submarine, are given a card corresponding to one of the 87 men who crewed the boat during its fifth (and final) patrol, and are assigned a station to crew. The events of 24–25 October 1944 are depicted on an overhead screen, while the visitor "crew" is given tasks to complete. The recreation includes the circular run of the 24th torpedo, which returned to hit ''Tang'' and sink the boat. Upon exiting the simulator, visitors see a wall with pictures of the crew, and can learn if the sailor associated with their card survived the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nationalww2museum.org/visit/plan-your-visit/interactive-experiences/final-mission-uss-tang-experience |title=Final Mission: USS Tang Submarine Experience |website=The National WWII Museum |access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref>

==References==

'''Attribution'''
*{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/t/tang-i.html}}
{{reflist|group=DANFS}}

'''Notes'''
{{Reflist}}
'''Bibliography'''
*{{Cite book|last=Blair |first=Clay Jr. |author-link=Clay Blair |title=Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War against Japan |location=New York |publisher=Bantam |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-553-01050-3 }}; also Naval Institute Press, March 2001, {{ISBN|978-1-55750-217-9}}. <!-- Bantam edition is OCLC 3746388 at 1975 (not 1976). There's a Lippincott 2nd edition 1976 OCLC 67926975. Lippincott 1st edit OCLC 821363. -->
*{{Cite book|last=O'Kane|first=Richard H.|title=Clear the Bridge!: The War Patrols of the U.S.S. Tang|year=1977|location=Chicago|publisher=Rand McNally|isbn=978-0-528-81058-9|url=https://archive.org/details/clearbridgewarpa0000okan}}
*{{Cite book|last=O'Kane|first=Richard H.|title=Clear the Bridge!: The War Patrols of the U.S.S. Tang|orig-date=1977|year=1989|publisher=Presidio Press|isbn=978-0-89141-346-2|url=https://archive.org/details/clearbridgew00okan}} Different pagination than 1977 edition

'''Further reading'''
*{{cite book |last=Bureau of Ships |title=Submarine Report: Depth Charge, Bomb, Mine, Torpedo and Gunfire Damage Including Losses in Action 7 December, 1941 to 15 August, 1945 |date=1 January 1949 |volume=1 |id=War Damage Report No. 58 |publisher=United States Navy |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/w/war-damage-reports/submarine-report-vol1-war-damage-report-no58.html}}

==External links==
* [http://www.oneternalpatrol.com/uss-tang-306.htm On Eternal Patrol: USS ''Tang'']
* {{Cite web|title=USS Tang (SSN 306)|publisher= ss563.org|url=http://www.ss563.org/ss-306.html}}. Website has copies of ''Tang'' War Patrol Reports.
* [http://www.nationalww2museum.org/us-freedom-pavilion-the-boeing-center/final-mission-the-uss-tang-experience.html Final Mission: The USS Tang Experience]
* {{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article42445498 |title=Submarine Tang |newspaper=[[Cairns Post]] |issue=13,397 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=7 February 1945 |access-date=13 May 2017 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} Loss reported in press.

{{Balao class submarine}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tang (SS-306)}}
[[Category:Balao-class submarines]]
[[Category:World War II submarines of the United States]]
[[Category:Lost submarines of the United States]]
[[Category:United States submarine accidents]]
[[Category:Submarine accidents caused by torpedoes]]
[[Category:Submarines sunk by submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built in Vallejo, California]]
[[Category:1943 ships]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the East China Sea]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in October 1944]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Taiwan Strait]]