View source for Udmurtia

{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}
{{other uses}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand language |langcode=ru |otherarticle=Удмуртия |date=9-28-2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2012}}
}}

{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name=Udmurt Republic
|ru_name={{native name|ru|Удмуртская Республика}}
|loc_name1={{lang|udm|Удмурт Элькун}}
|loc_lang1=[[Udmurt language|Udmurt]]
|image_map=Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Udmurtia.svg
| pushpin_map = European Russia
| pushpin_relief = 1
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 4
| mapframe-height = 250
| mapframe-stroke-width = 1
|coordinates = {{coord|57|17|N|52|45|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Udmurtia.svg
|image_flag=Flag of Udmurtia.svg
|anthem=[[National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic]]<br />{{center|[[File:National_Anthem_of_Udmurtia.ogg]]}}
|political_status=Republic
|political_status_link=Republics of Russia
|federal_district=[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]
|economic_region=[[Ural economic region|Ural]]
|adm_ctr_type=Capital
|adm_ctr_name=[[Izhevsk]]
|official_lang_list=[[Udmurt language|Udmurt]]
|official_lang_ref=<ref name="Languages">Constitution, Article&nbsp;8</ref>
|pop_2021census=1452914
|pop_2021census_rank=32nd
|urban_pop_2021census=65.7%
|rural_pop_2021census=34.3%
|pop_2021census_ref=<ref name="2021census">{{Ru-pop-ref|2021census}}</ref>
|area_km2=42061
|established_date=November &nbsp;4, 1920
|established_date_ref=<ref name="1987USSR" />
|license_plates=18
|ISO=RU-UD
|leader_title=[[Head of the Udmurt Republic|Head]]
|leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis">Constitution, Article&nbsp;9.1</ref>
|leader_name=[[Aleksandr Brechalov]]
|legislature=[[State Council of the Udmurt Republic|State Council]]
|legislature_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis" />
|website=http://www.udmurt.ru/en/
}}
'''Udmurtia''',{{refn|group=note|{{IPAc-en|ʊ|d|ˈ|m|ʊər|t|i|ə}}; {{langx|ru|Удмуртия|Udmurtiya}} {{IPA|ru|ʊˈdmurtʲɪjə|}}; {{langx|udm|Удмуртия|Udmurtija}}}} officially the '''Udmurt Republic''',{{refn|group=note|{{langx|ru|Удмуртская Республика|Udmurtskaya Respublika}}, {{langx|udm|Удмурт Республика/Элькун|Udmurt Respublika/Eľkun}}}} is a [[republics of Russia|republic of Russia]] located in [[Eastern Europe]]. It is administratively part of the [[Volga Federal District]]. Its [[capital city|capital]] is the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] of [[Izhevsk]].

It was established as the Udmurt (until 1931 — Votskaya) [[Autonomous administrative division|Autonomous Region]] on November 4, 1920.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Государственная автоматизированная система Российской Федерации «Правосудие» (17 марта 2010) |url=http://vs.udm.sudrf.ru/modules.php?id=17&name=info_court}}</ref>

==Name==
The name ''Udmurt'' comes from {{lang|mis|odo-mort}} ('meadow people'), where the first part represents the [[Permic]] root {{lang|mis|od}} or {{lang|mis|odo}} ('meadow, glade, turf, greenery'). This is supported by a document dated 1557, in which the [[Udmurt people|Udmurts]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/49476/уд | title=уд &#124; это... Что такое уд? | work=Словари и энциклопедии на Академике }}</ref> are referred to as {{transliteration|ru|lugovye lyudi}} ('meadow people'), alongside the traditional Russian name {{transliteration|ru|otyaki}}.<ref>A.G. Ivanov, "Udmurty – 'Lugovye lyudi'", ''Linguistica Uralica'' Vol. 27, No. 3 (1991), pp. 188–92.</ref>

The second part {{lang|mis|murt}} means 'person' (cf. [[Komi language|Komi]] {{Transliteration|kv|mort}}, [[Mari language|Mari]] {{Transliteration|chm|mari}}). It is probably an early borrowing from a [[Scythian languages|Scythian]] language: {{lang|mis|mertä}} or {{lang|mis|martiya}} ('person, man'; 
Sanskrit: Manus or Manushya), which is thought to have been borrowed from the [[Sanskrit language|Indo-Aryan]] term {{lang|inc|maryá-}} ('man, mortal, one who is bound to die'. cf. [[Old Indic]] {{transliteration|sa|márya}} ('young warrior') and {{transliteration|sa|marut}} ('chariot warrior'), both connected specifically with horses and chariots.<ref>Christopher I. Beckwith. Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2009. Page 397.</ref>  The [[Indo-Europeanists]] [[Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze|T. Gamkrelidze]] and [[Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov|V. Ivanov]] associate this word with horse-riding Altaic tribes in the [[w:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]].<ref>R. Matasović (2009): Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, p. 257.</ref><ref>T. Gamkrelidze & V. Ivanov (1995): Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, p. 472-473.</ref>

On the other hand, in the Russian tradition, the name 'meadow people' refers to the inhabitants of the left bank of river in particular.{{clarify|date=November 2022}} Recently, the most relevant is the version of [[Vladimir Napolskikh|V. V. Napolskikh]] and S. K. Belykh. They suppose that ethnonym was borrowed either from [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] {{lang|iir|*anta}} 'outside, close, last, edge, limit, boundary' or Turkic-Altaic {{lang|mis|*anda}}/{{lang|mis|*ant}} 'oath (in fidelity), comrade, friend'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Этноним удмурт: исчерпаны ли альтернативы? |url=http://www.udmurt.info/library/belykh/udmetn.htm |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.udmurt.info}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Udmurt03.png|thumb|right|Map of the Udmurt Republic.]]

On November 4, 1920, the Votyak Autonomous Oblast was formed.<ref name="1987USSR">''Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987.'', p.&nbsp;57</ref> On January 1, 1932, it was renamed [[Udmurt Autonomous Oblast]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Новости |first=Р. И. А. |date= October 31, 2019|title=Удмуртская Республика |url=https://ria.ru/20191031/1560441690.html |access-date= |website=РИА Новости |language=ru}}</ref> which was then reorganized into the [[Udmurt ASSR]] on December 28, 1934.<ref name="1987USSR" /> During [[World War II]], many industrial factories were evacuated from the [[Ukrainian SSR]] and western borderlands to Udmurtia.

On October 11, 1991, the Supreme Council of the Udmurt ASSR adopted a law according to which the Udmurt ASSR acquired a new name — the Udmurt Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Время перемен: Верховный Совет Удмуртии в эпоху девяностых |url=https://udmurt.media/rubrics/obshchestvo/93166-vremya_peremen_verkhovnyy_sovet_udmurtii_v_epokhu_devyanostykh_/?ysclid=lyo465ow7r288034001 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Geography==
The republic is located to the west of the [[Ural Mountains]] and borders [[Kirov Oblast|Kirov]], [[Perm Krai|Perm]], [[Bashkortostan]], and [[Tatarstan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Robert W. Orttung|display-authors=etal |title=The Republics and Regions of the Russian Federation: A Guide to Politics, Policies and Leaders |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VroABgoe4-EC&q=udmurtia&pg=PA589|year=2000|publisher=[[EastWest Institute]] |page=586|chapter=Republic of Udmurtia|isbn=9780765605597 }}</ref>

Udmurtia is a republic in the Russian Federation, located in Central Russia between the branches of the rivers [[Kama (river)|Kama]] and its right tributary the [[Vyatka (river)|Vyatka]].

The city of Izhevsk is the administrative, industrial, and cultural center of Udmurtia. Geographically, it is located not far from Moscow, the capital and largest city of the Russian Federation. The city has a well-developed transport system (including air, land, and water).

Udmurtia borders Kirov Oblast to the west and north, Perm Oblast to the east, and the Bashkortostan and Tatarstan Republics to the south.

===Climate===
The republic has a moderate [[continental climate]], with warm summers and cold, snowy winters. Annual [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] averages 400–600&nbsp;mm.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Average temperatures
!Month
!Average temperature
|-
|January
| {{convert|-14.5|C}}
|-
|July
| {{convert|+18.3|C}}
|}

==Administrative divisions==
{{Main|Administrative divisions of Udmurtia}}

==Demographics==
Population: {{ru-census|p2021=1,452,914|p2010=1,521,420|p2002=1,570,316|p1989=1,609,003}}

Although as of 2007 the population was declining, the decline was stabilizing and was more pronounced in urban areas. Out of the 19,667 births reported in 2007, 12,631 were in urban areas (11.86 per 1,000) and 7,036 were in rural areas (14.88 per 1,000). Birth rates for rural areas are 25% higher than that of urban areas. Of the total of 21,727 deaths, 14,366 were reported in urban areas (13.49 per 1,000) and 7,361 were in rural areas (15.56 per 1,000). Natural decline of the population was measured at −0.16% for urban areas and an insignificant −0.07% for rural areas (the average for Russia was −0.33% in 2007).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru|title=Главная::Федеральная служба государственной статистики}}</ref>

===Settlements===
{{Largest cities
| country      = Udmurtia
| stat_ref     = 2010 Russian Census
| list_by_pop  =
| div_name     =
| div_link     = Administrative divisions of the Udmurt Republic{{!}}Administrative Division
| city_1 = Izhevsk
| div_1 = Izhevsk{{!}}City of republic significance of Izhevsk
| pop_1 = 627,734
| img_1 = Город Ижевск.Ул.7-я Подлесная.jpg
| city_2 = Sarapul
| div_2 = Sarapul{{!}}City of republic significance of Sarapul
| pop_2 = 101,381
| img_2 = Sarapul06st.jpg
| city_3 = Votkinsk
| div_3 = Votkinsky District
| pop_3 = 99,022
| img_3 = Votkinsk center.jpg
| city_4 = Glazov
| div_4 = Glazovsky District
| pop_4 = 95,854
| img_4 = Centre of glazov.jpg
| city_5 = Mozhga
| div_5 = Mozhginsky District
| pop_5 = 47,961
| city_6 = Igra
| div_6 = Igrinsky District
| pop_6 = 20,737
| city_7 = Uva, Russia{{!}}Uva
| div_7 = Uvinsky District
| pop_7 = 19,984
| city_8 = Balezino
| div_8 = Balezinsky District
| pop_8 = 16,121
| city_9 = Kez
| div_9 = Kezsky District
| pop_9 = 11,080
| city_10 = Kambarka
| div_10 = Kambarsky District
| pop_10 = 11,021
}}{{Historical populations|3=1926|4=756264|5=1939|6=1219350|7=1959|8=1336927|9=1970|10=1417675|11=1979|12=1493670|13=1989|14=1609003|15=2002|16=1570316|17=2010|18=1521420|19=2021|20=1452914|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

=== Vital statistics ===
Source<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312|title=Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! width="70pt"|Average population (× 1,000)
! width="70pt"|Live births
! width="70pt"|Deaths
! width="70pt"|Natural change
! width="70pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1,000)
! width="70pt"|Crude death rate (per 1,000)
! width="70pt"|Natural change (per 1,000)
! width="70pt"|Total fertility rate
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 1,421
| align="right" | 23,286
| align="right" | 13,265
| align="right" | 10,021
| align="right" | 16.4
| align="right" | 9.3
| align="right" | 7.1
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 1,459
| align="right" | 26,497
| align="right" | 14,666
| align="right" | 11,831
| align="right" | 18.2
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 8.1
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 1,508
| align="right" | 27,601
| align="right" | 16,862
| align="right" | 10,739
| align="right" | 18.3
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" | 7.1
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 1,562
| align="right" | 29,343
| align="right" | 17,553
| align="right" | 11,790
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" | 7.5
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 1,614
| align="right" | 24,345
| align="right" | 15,816
| align="right" | 8,529
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 5.3
| align="right" | 2.04
|-
| 1991
| align="right" | 1,619
| align="right" | 22,213
| align="right" | 16,002
| align="right" | 6,211
| align="right" | 13.7
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 3.8
| align="right" | 1.90
|-
| 1992
| align="right" | 1,623
| align="right" | 20,074
| align="right" | 18,063
| align="right" | 2,011
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 1.73
|-
| 1993
| align="right" | 1,622
| align="right" | 17,126
| align="right" | 21,923
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4,797
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" | 13.5
| align="right" style="color: red"|−3.0
| align="right" | 1.48
|-
| 1994
| align="right" | 1,619
| align="right" | 16,874
| align="right" | 24,183
| align="right" style="color: red"|−7,309
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4.5
| align="right" | 1.45
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 1,615
| align="right" | 15,484
| align="right" | 22,445
| align="right" style="color: red"|−6,961
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4.3
| align="right" | 1.32
|-
| 1996
| align="right" | 1,610
| align="right" | 14,877
| align="right" | 20,641
| align="right" style="color: red"|−5,764
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" style="color: red"|−3.6
| align="right" style="color: red"| 1.26
|-
| 1997
| align="right" | 1,606
| align="right" | 15,368
| align="right" | 19,881
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4,513
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" style="color: red"|−2.8
| align="right" | 1.30
|-
| 1998
| align="right" | 1,603
| align="right" | 16,130
| align="right" | 19,080
| align="right" style="color: red"|−2,950
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" style="color: red"|−1.8
| align="right" | 1.36
|-
| 1999
| align="right" | 1,598
| align="right" | 15,793
| align="right" | 20,745
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4,952
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 13.0
| align="right" style="color: red"|−3.1
| align="right" | 1.32
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 1,592
| align="right" | 16,256
| align="right" | 21,852
| align="right" style="color: red"|−5,596
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 13.7
| align="right" style="color: red"|−3.5
| align="right" | 1.36
|-
| 2001
| align="right" | 1,583
| align="right" | 16,636
| align="right" | 22,810
| align="right" style="color: red"|−6,174
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" | 14.4
| align="right" style="color: red"|−3.9
| align="right" | 1.38
|-
| 2002
| align="right" | 1,572
| align="right" | 17,746
| align="right" | 24,520
| align="right" style="color: red"|−6,774
| align="right" | 11.3
| align="right" | 15.6
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4.3
| align="right" | 1.46
|-
| 2003
| align="right" | 1,561
| align="right" | 17,982
| align="right" | 24,571
| align="right" style="color: red"|−6,589
| align="right" | 11.5
| align="right" | 15.7
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4.2
| align="right" | 1.47
|-
| 2004
| align="right" | 1,552
| align="right" | 18,238
| align="right" | 23,994
| align="right" style="color: red"|−5,756
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" style="color: red"|−3.7
| align="right" | 1.47
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 1,543
| align="right" | 17,190
| align="right" | 24,006
| align="right" style="color: red"|−6,816
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 15.6
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4.4
| align="right" | 1.38
|-
| 2006
| align="right" | 1,535
| align="right" | 17,480
| align="right" | 22,011
| align="right" style="color: red"|−4,531
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 14.3
| align="right" style="color: red"|−3.0
| align="right" | 1.40
|-
| 2007
| align="right" | 1,529
| align="right" | 19,667
| align="right" | 21,727
| align="right" style="color: red"|−2,060
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 14.2
| align="right" style="color: red"|−1.3
| align="right" | 1.57
|-
| 2008
| align="right" | 1,525
| align="right" | 20,421
| align="right" | 21,436
| align="right" style="color: red"|−1,015
| align="right" | 13.4
| align="right" | 14.1
| align="right" style="color: red"|−0.7
| align="right" | 1.65
|-
| 2009
| align="right" | 1,523
| align="right" | 21,109
| align="right" | 20,227
| align="right" | 882
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" | 0.6
| align="right" | 1.71
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 1,522
| align="right" | 21,684
| align="right" | 21,100
| align="right" | 584
| align="right" | 14.3
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 1.78
|-
| 2011
| align="right" | 1,519
| align="right" | 21,905
| align="right" | 20,358
| align="right" | 1,547
| align="right" | 14.4
| align="right" | 13.4
| align="right" | 1.0
| align="right" | 1.83
|-
| 2012
| align="right" | 1,518
| align="right" | 23,225
| align="right" | 19,526
| align="right" | 3,699
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 2.4
| align="right" | 1.98
|-
| 2013
| align="right" | 1,517
| align="right" | 22,138
| align="right" | 19,332
| align="right" | 2,806
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 12.7
| align="right" | 1.9
| align="right" | 1.92
|-
| 2014
| align="right" | 1,517
| align="right" | 22,060
| align="right" | 19,461
| align="right" | 2,599
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 12.8
| align="right" | 1.7
| align="right" | 1.96
|-
| 2015
| align="right" | 1,517
| align="right" | 22,195
| align="right" | 19,533
| align="right" | 2,662
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 1.7
| align="right" | 2.01
|-
| 2016
| align="right" | 1,517
| align="right" | 21,024
| align="right" | 19,090
| align="right" | 1,934
| align="right" | 13.8
| align="right" | 12.6
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 1.96
|-
| 2017
| align="right" | 1,515
| align="right" | 17,954
| align="right" | 18,130
| align="right" style="color: red"|−176
| align="right" | 11.9
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" style="color: red"| -0.1
| align="right" | 1.72
|}

TFR source<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b12_111/Main.htm|title=БГД}}</ref>

===Ethnic groups===
According to the [[Russian Census (2021)|2021 Census]],<ref name="census2021">{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=30 December 2022}}</ref> [[Russians]] make up 67.7% of the republic's population, while the ethnic [[Udmurt people|Udmurts]] make up only 24.1%. Other groups include [[Tatars]] (5.5%), [[Mari people|Mari]] (0.5%), [[Ukrainians]] (0.3%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the republic's total population.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" |1926 Census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1926 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам РСФСР |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_26.php?reg=536 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=demoscope.ru}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 1970 Census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам России |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_70.php?reg=55 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=demoscope.ru}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 1979 Census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам России |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_79.php?reg=59 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=demoscope.ru}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 1989 Census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам России |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_89.php?reg=55 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=demoscope.ru}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2002 Census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года. Национальный состав населения по регионам России |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_02.php?reg=55 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=demoscope.ru}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2010 Census<ref name="2010Census" />
! colspan="2" | 2021 Census<ref name="census2021" />
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
!Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| align="left"| [[Udmurts]]
|395,607
|52.3%
| rowspan="2" | 484,168
|rowspan="2"| 34.2%
| rowspan="2"| 479,702
|rowspan="2"| 32.1%
| rowspan="2"| 496,522
|rowspan="2"| 30.9%
| 460,584
|29.3%
| 410,584
|28.0%
| 299,874
| 24.1%
|-
| align="left"|  [[Besermyan]]
|9,200
|1.2%
| 2,998
|0.2%
| 2,111
|0.1%
| 1,903
| 0.2%
|-
| align="left"| [[Russians]]
|327,493
|43.3%
| 809,563
|57.1%
| 870,270
|58.3%
| 945,216
|58.9%
| 944,108
|60.1%
| 912,539
|62.2%
| 841,581
| 67.7%
|-
| align="left"| [[Tatars]]
|17,135
|2.3%
| 87,150
|6.1%
| 99,139
|6.6%
| 110,490
|6.9%
| 109,218
|7.0%
| 98,831
|6.7%
| 67,964
| 5.5%
|-
| align="left"| Others
|6,781
|0.9%
| 36,794
|2.6%
| 43,061
|2.9%
| 53,435
|3.3%
| 53,408
|3.4%
| 42,558
|2.9%
| 31,540
| 2.5%
|-
| colspan="19" align="left" | <sup>1</sup> <small>210,052 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936|title=ВПН-2010}}</ref>
|}

Over two-thirds of the world population of Udmurts live in the republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.udmurt.ru/en/Land%20and%20People/General%20Information/General%20Information.php|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131015122820/http://www.udmurt.ru/en/Land%20and%20People/General%20Information/General%20Information.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2013|title=General Information|work=Land and People|publisher=Udmurtia Official|access-date=22 March 2014}}</ref>

===Religious groups===
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Udmurtia as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.</ref><ref name="2012Arena-religion-maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].</ref>
|float=right
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Russian Orthodoxy]]|DarkOrchid|33.1}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]]|MediumOrchid|2.4}}
{{Bar percent|[[Old Believers]]|Purple|0.9}}
{{Bar percent|[[Protestantism in Russia|Protestantism]]|Navy|1.4}}
{{Bar percent|Other [[Christianity in Russia|Christians]]|DeepSkyBlue|5.3}}
{{Bar percent|[[Islam in Russia|Islam]]|Green|4.3}}
{{Bar percent|[[Rodnovery]] and other native faiths|Red|1.5}}
{{Bar percent|[[Spiritual but not religious]]|DarkSlateGray|29}}
{{Bar percent|[[Atheism]] and [[irreligion]]|Black|19.1}}
{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|3}}
}}

According to a 2012 survey,<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas"/> 33.1% of the population of Udmurtia adheres to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], 5% are [[nondenominational Christianity|unaffiliated]] generic [[Christians]], 2% are Eastern Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or members of other [[Eastern Orthodox church]]es, 4% are [[Muslim]]s, 2% of the population adheres to the [[Slavic native faith]] (Rodnovery) or to [[Udmurt Vos]] (Udmurt native faith), 1% adheres to forms of [[Protestantism]], and 1% of the population are [[Old Believers]]. In addition, 29% of the population declares to be "[[spiritual but not religious]]," 19% is [[atheism|atheist]], and 3.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.<ref name="2012ArenaAtlas" />

The local Russian Orthodox Church is the Metropolitanate of Udmurtia, comprising the Eparchy of Izhevsk (founded 1927) under Bishop and Metropolitan Viktorin (Kostenkov) (2015), the Eparchy of Glazov (founded 1889) under Bishop Viktor (Sergeyev), and the Eparchy of Sarapul (founded 1868) under Bishop Anthony (Prostikhin) (2015).

====Jews====
{{Further|History of the Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan}}
Udmurt Jews are a special territorial group of the [[Ashkenazi Jews]], which started to be formed in the residential areas of mixed Turkic-speaking ([[Tatars]], [[Kryashens]], [[Bashkirs]], [[Chuvash people]]), Finno-Ugric-speaking ([[Udmurts]], [[Mari people]]) and Slavic-speaking ([[Russians]]) population. The [[Ashkenazi Jews]] on the territory of the [[Udmurt Republic]] first appeared in the 1830s.<ref name="ReferenceB">Шумилов Е.Ф., "Евреи: элита инженерная, торговая, медицинская..." Свое дело. 2001. №11. С. 18. {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref name="lechaim.ru">{{Cite web |title=В ОКРЕСТНОСТЯХ ХАИМГРАДА |url=http://www.lechaim.ru/ARHIV/201/region.htm |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.lechaim.ru}}</ref><ref name="migdal.org.ua">{{Cite web |title=Евреи на Ижевском оружейном заводе |url=https://www.migdal.org.ua/history/2861/ |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=Мигдаль}}</ref><ref>Ренев Е.,"[http://invozho.ru/archive/2012/08 Шалом. Народ Торы в старом Ижевске.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925210346/http://invozho.ru/archive/2012/08 |date=September 25, 2015 }} Инвожо. 2012. № 8. С. 47. {{in lang|ru}}</ref> The Udmurt Jewry had formed the local [[variety (linguistics)|variety]] on the base of the Yiddish of Udmurtia till the 1930s and features of Yiddish of migrants "joined" into it (in the 1930s and 1940s);<ref name="snioo.ru">Altyntsev A.V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia and Tatarstan", Nauka Udmurtii. 2013. no. 4 (66), p. 131. (Алтынцев А.В., [http://snioo.ru/images/stories/nu-print/nu4662013.pdf "Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази Удмуртии и Татарстана".] Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. 131: Комментарии.) {{in lang|ru}}</ref> as a result up to the 1970s and 1980s the Udmurt variety of Yiddish (''[[Udmurtish]]'') was divided into two linguistic subgroups: the central subgroup (with centers [[Izhevsk]], [[Sarapul]], and [[Votkinsk]]) and the southern subgroup (with centers [[Kambarka]], [[Alnashi]], [[Agryz]], and [[Naberezhnye Chelny]]).<ref name="snioo.ru" /> One of the characteristic features of the Udmurtish is a noticeable number of [[Udmurt language|Udmurt]] and [[Tatar language|Tatar]] loan words.<ref>Goldberg-Altyntsev A.V., [http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000026-c8fefc9fbc/A.%20Goldberg-Altyntsev%20-%20A%20short%20ethnographic%20overview%20of%20the%20Ashkenazic%20Jews%20group%20in%20Alnashsky%20District%20of%20Udmurt%20Republic.pdf "A short ethnographic overview of the Ashkenazic Jews' group in Alnashsky District of Udmurt Republic".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807070933/http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000026-c8fefc9fbc/A.%20Goldberg-Altyntsev%20-%20A%20short%20ethnographic%20overview%20of%20the%20Ashkenazic%20Jews%20group%20in%20Alnashsky%20District%20of%20Udmurt%20Republic.pdf |date=August 7, 2020 }} Die Sammlung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten der jungen jüdischen Wissenschaftler. Herausgegeben von Artur Katz, Yumi Matsuda und Alexander Grinberg. München, Dachau, 2015. S. 51.</ref><ref name="files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru">[http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000031-6b7256d64f/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B%20%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%20%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.pdf Гольдберг-Алтынцев А.В., "Краткий этнографический обзор группы ашкеназских евреев в Алнашском районе Удмуртской Республики / пер. с англ. яз. А.Й. Каца."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807005358/http://files.literjewsudmurtia.webnode.ru/200000031-6b7256d64f/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B%20%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%20%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.pdf |date=August 7, 2020 }} Jewish studies in the Udmurt Republic: Online. Part 1.  Edited by A. Greenberg. February 27, 2015 published. P. 3.  {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

==Culture==
{{Further|Udmurt cuisine|Music in Udmurtia}}
Udmurt folklore is understood both in a broad sense ({{transliteration|udm|kalyk oner}}, {{transliteration|udm|kalyk todon-valan}}, {{transliteration|udm|kalyk viz}} - folk knowledge, folk wisdom), and in a narrower one ({{transliteration|udm|kalyk kylos}}, {{transliteration|udm|kalyk kylburet}} - folk poetry, oral poetry). In everyday life, folklore is not divided into genres, it is perceived in unity with material culture, with religious, legal, and ethical aspects. Popular terms-definitions have incorporated the ritual action ({{transliteration|udm|syam}}, {{transliteration|udm|nerge}}, {{transliteration|udm|yilol}}, {{transliteration|udm|kiston}}, {{transliteration|udm|kuyaskon}}, {{transliteration|udm|syuan}}, {{transliteration|udm|madiskon}}), symbolically figurative and magically forming words ({{transliteration|udm|madkyl}}, {{transliteration|udm|vyzhykyl}}, {{transliteration|udm|tunkyl}}, {{transliteration|udm|kylbur}}), musical and choreographic behavior ({{transliteration|udm|krez}}, {{transliteration|udm|gur}}, {{transliteration|udm|shudon-serekyan}}, {{transliteration|udm|thatchan}}, {{transliteration|udm|ecton}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tangyra.ru/etno/info/folklore.html|title=Удмуртский фольклор - ТАНГЫРА}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Sources==
*{{Cite Russian law
|ru_number=663-XII
|ru_date=7 декабря 1994 г.
|ru_title=Конституция Удмуртской Республики
|ru_amendment_type=Закона
|ru_amendment_number=62-РЗ
|ru_amendment_date=22 ноября 2007 г
|en_number=663-XII
|en_date=December 7, 1994
|en_title=Constitution of the Udmurt Republic
|en_amendment_type=Law
|en_amendment_number=62-RZ
|en_amendment_date=November 22, 2007
}}
*"СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик. 1987." (''USSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987'') / Составители В. А. Дударев, Н. А. Евсеева. — М.: Изд-во «Известия Советов народных депутатов СССР», 1987. — 673 с.

==Further reading==
*Kalder, Daniel. ''Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-tourist''. Scribner Book Company. {{ISBN|0-7432-8994-3}}.
*{{Cite journal
|last=Shkliaev
|first=Aleksandr
|author2=Eva Toulouze
 |date=March 2001
|title=The mass media and the national question in Udmurtia in the 1990s
|journal=[[Nationalities Papers]]
|volume=29
|issue=1
|pages=97–108
|doi=10.1080/00905990120050811
|s2cid=154628126
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*{{in lang|ru|en}} [http://www.udmurt.ru Official website of the Udmurt Republic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014044800/http://www.udmurt.ru/ |date=October 14, 2018 }}

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