View source for Uma Bharti

{{Short description|15th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image               = Uma Bharati in 2014.jpg
| caption             = Uma Bharti in 2014
| office              = [[BJP|Vice-President of Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| president           = [[Amit Shah]]<br/>[[Jagat Prakash Nadda]]
| predecessor         = 
| successor           = 
| term_start          = 
| office1             = [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Cabinet Minister]]
| term_start1         = 16 May 2014
| term_end1           = 24 May 2019
| 1blankname1         = {{centre|Ministry}}
| 1namedata1          = {{centre|'''Term'''}}
| 2blankname1         = [[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation]]
| 2namedata1          = 3 September 2017 - 24 May 2019
| 3blankname1         = [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation]]
| 3namedata1          = 16 May 2014 - 3 September 2017
| party               = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1959|05|03}}
| birth_place         = [[Tikamgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| otherparty          = 
| alma_mater          = 
| President           = 
| office3             = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency3       = [[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi]]
| term_start3         = 16 May 2014
| term_end3           = 28 May 2019
| predecessor3        = [[Pradeep Jain Aditya]]
| successor3          = [[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]]
| constituency4       = [[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]]
| term_start4         = 1999
| term_end4           = 2004
| predecessor4        = [[Sushil Chandra Verma]]
| successor4          = [[Kailash Joshi]]
| constituency5       = [[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]]
| term_start5         = 1989
| term_end5           = 1999
| predecessor5        = [[Vidyawati Chaturvedi]]
| successor5          = [[Satyavrat Chaturvedi]]
| office6             = [[List of Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh|15th]] [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]
| term6               = 8 December 2003 – 22 August 2004
| predecessor6        = [[Digvijaya Singh]]
| successor6          = [[Babulal Gaur]]
| office7             = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency7       = [[Malhara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malhara]]
| termstart7          = {{Start date|2003||}}
| termend7            = {{End date|2006||}}
| predecessor7        = Swami Prasad Lodhi
| successor7          = Kapur Chand Ghuwara
| office8             = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency8       = [[Charkhari (Assembly constituency)|Charkhari]]
| termstart8          = {{Start date|2012||}}
| termend8            = {{End date|2014||}}
| predecessor8        = Anil Kumar Ahirwar
| successor8          = Kaptan Singh
| term_start2         = 7 November 2000
| term_end2           = 29 January 2003
| 1blankname2         = {{centre|Ministry}}
| 1namedata2          = {{centre|'''Term'''}}
| 2blankname2         = [[Ministry of Coal]]
| 2namedata2          = 26 August 2002 - 29 January 2003
| 3blankname2         = [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Ministry of Mines]]
| 3namedata2          = 26 August 2002 - 29 January 2003
| 4blankname2         = [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]
| 4namedata2          = 7 November 2000 - 25 August 2002
}}
'''Uma Bharti''' (born 3 May 1959) is an Indian politician and former Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. She became involved with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] at a young age, unsuccessfully contesting her first parliamentary elections in [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]. In [[1989 Indian general election|1989]], she successfully contested the [[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]] seat, and retained it in elections conducted in [[1991 Indian general election|1991]], [[1996 Indian general election|1996]] and [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]. In [[1999 Indian general election|1999]], she switched constituencies and won the [[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]] seat.

Bharti held various state-level and cabinet-level portfolios in the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Tourism, Youth Affairs and Sports, and also in Coal and Mines during the [[Second Vajpayee ministry|second]] as well as [[Third Vajpayee ministry|third]] ministry of [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. After [[Narendra Modi]] became the Indian Prime Minister in 2014, she was appointed the Minister for [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation|Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation]], and held this office until September 2017.

Bharti was among the leaders in the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] movement of the 1980s and 1990s, organised by the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]]. She was present at the [[demolition of the Babri Masjid]], and was later acquitted by a special CBI court in relation to charges filed against her in the incident.

In the [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003 State Assembly polls]], she led the BJP to a sweeping win in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. She defeated her [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) opponent from the [[Malhara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malehra]] seat by a 25 per cent margin. She resigned from the post of Chief Minister in August 2004, when an arrest warrant was issued against her regarding the 1994 [[Hubli]] riot case. After a falling-out with the BJP, she established her own political party for a while before returning to the fold and being elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She was subsequently re-elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]].

She is occasionally addressed by the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] honorific ''[[Sadhu|Sādhvī]]'', a respectful [[Sanskrit]] title for a female renunciant.<ref name="India Today">{{cite magazine |title=Powerpuff girls who rule Indian politics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/powerful-women-politicians-mamata-maya-uma-bharti-jayalalithaa-89043-2012-01-09l |magazine=India Today |date=10 January 2012 |access-date=6 December 2013}}</ref>

==Early life==
Uma Bharti was born on 3 May 1959 in Dunda, [[Tikamgarh District]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] to a family of peasants, belonging to the [[Lodhi (caste)|Lodhi]] caste.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Uma Bharti in Aap Ki Adalat (Part 1) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEySH2_1LPg |access-date=10 August 2023 |work=India TV News |quote=See from 10:12 to !0:16, "I belong to Lodhi caste"}}</ref> She attended school up until the sixth standard. As a child, she displayed considerable interest in religious texts like the [[Bhagvad Gita]] which led to her being seen as a "spiritual" child.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?">{{cite news |last=Manjesh |first=Sindhu |date=26 February 2014 |title=Who is Uma Bharti?|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/who-is-uma-bharti-517717 |work=NDTV |access-date=6 December 2013}}</ref> She began to give religious discourses while still a child, which brought her into contact with [[Vijayaraje Scindia|Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia]], who would later become her political mentor.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Worldly Ascetic|url=http://www.businessandeconomy.org/03112005/storyd.asp?sid=539&pageno=1|publisher=Business and Economy|access-date=6 December 2013|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212081731/http://www.businessandeconomy.org/03112005/storyd.asp?sid=539&pageno=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> She describes herself in her youth as a "religious missionary".<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=496|title=Biographical Sketch&nbsp;– Member of Parliament 16th Lok Sabha |publisher=Lok Sabha website|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>

==Political career==

===Rise to prominence and Ram Janmabhoomi===
With the support of [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]], Bharti became involved with the BJP in Madhya Pradesh while still in her twenties. In 1984, she contested Lok Sabha elections for the first time, but lost from [[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)]] as the INC saw a surge in support following the assassination of [[Indira Gandhi]]. In 1989, she won from Khajuraho Lok Sabha constituency, and retained the seat in the elections of 1991, 1996, and 1998.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/> She was elected to Lok Sabha from Bhopal in 1999, and from Jhansi in 2014. She did not contest Lok Sabha elections in 2019.

Bharti rose to national prominence when she became one of the major faces of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, alongside [[L. K. Advani]] and others. Her fiery speeches are credited for helping the movement achieve its momentum.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/> In December 1992, she was one of several prominent [[Sangh Parivar]] figures present at a rally in [[Ayodhya]] that developed into a riot, culminating in the demolition of the [[Babri Mosque]].<ref name="Through the lens">{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Jeemon|title=Babri Masjid Demolition: Through the Lens|url=http://www.tehelka.com/babri-masjid-demolition-through-the-lens/|publisher=Tehelka|access-date=6 December 2013|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212081535/http://www.tehelka.com/babri-masjid-demolition-through-the-lens/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bharti was indicted for inciting a mob to violence by the [[Liberhan Commission]] that probed the incident.<ref name="Bhagwat">{{cite news|last=Bhagwat|first=Ramu|title=Own up responsibility, Uma Bharti tells BJP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Own-up-responsibility-Uma-Bharti-tells-BJP/articleshow/4726182.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212081218/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-02/nagpur/28201126_1_uma-bharti-babri-mosque-demolition-bjp-leaders|url-status=live|archive-date=12 December 2013|access-date=6 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 July 2009}}</ref> Bharti has denied that she incited the mob but says she does not regret it and that she is willing to take "moral responsibility" for the demolition.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news|title=I take moral responsibility: Uma Bharti|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/i-take-moral-responsibility-uma-bharti/article54135.ece|access-date=6 December 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 November 2009}}</ref> She acknowledges that the BJP reaped massive political benefits from the incident.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news|title=Uma Bharti flays Kalyan for regretting Babri demolition|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/uma-bharti-flays-kalyan-for-regretting-babri-demolition/article309901.ece|access-date=6 December 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 April 2009}}</ref> In April 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] reinstated a criminal conspiracy case against Bharti and other BJP leaders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/babri-case-sc-restores-criminal-conspiracy-charges-against-advani-joshi-117041900287_1.html|title=Babri case: SC restores criminal conspiracy charges against Advani, Joshi|agency=Press Trust of India|date=19 April 2017|work=Business Standard India|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.micnode.com/en/babri-masjid-demolition-sc-criminal-lk-advani-manohar-joshi-uma-bharti-20170419|title=Babri Masjid Demolition: SC reinstated criminal conspiracy against LK Advani, Murli Manohar Joshi and Uma Bharti|date=19 April 2017|work=MicNode News|access-date=19 April 2017|language=en-US|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420144634/https://news.micnode.com/en/babri-masjid-demolition-sc-criminal-lk-advani-manohar-joshi-uma-bharti-20170419|archive-date=20 April 2017}}</ref>

Bharti has called for the BJP to stop avoiding responsibility for the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, saying:{{blockquote|The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power twice at the Centre riding on the Ram Mandir movement wave. So it should not disown the movement and wriggle out of its responsibility for the Babri mosque demolition. I was in the BJP then and was present at the site on the fateful day. I am ready to face any consequence, even to go to jail.<ref name="Bhagwat"/>}} She has also denied the presence of any conspiracy by the Sangh, while stating that she does not regret the demolition, as it furthers the goal of building a Ram Mandir there.<ref name="Through the lens"/><ref name="thehindu.com"/>

In the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Bharti switched constituencies and won the Bhopal seat. She became a cabinet member of the Vajpayee administration, and held various state- and cabinet-level portfolios, being those for Human Resource Development, Tourism, Youth Affairs and Sports, and finally Coal and Mines.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

===Chief Minister===
Bharti was appointed the Chief Ministerial candidate of the BJP for the 2003 Assembly polls in Madhya Pradesh. On the back of a fierce campaign based on a platform of development, and helped along by her reputation as a [[Hindutva]] firebrand, she led the party to a sweeping victory in which it won 173 out of 230 seats in the legislature.<ref name="India Today"/><ref>{{cite news|title=BJP sweeps out Congress from 3 states|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031205/main1.htm|access-date=6 December 2013|newspaper=The Tribune|date=5 December 2003}}</ref> She was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

===Bharatiya Janashakti Party===
In August 2004, after only a year in office, an arrest warrant was issued against Bharti in connection with the 1994 Hubli riots,{{clarify|reason=we need to explain what this was. Our Hubli article makes no mention of it|date=January 2018}} forcing her resignation.<ref name="IE">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldstory.php?storyid=53859|title=Uma 'happily' goes to jail ensuring party goes to town|work=The Indian Express|access-date=20 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/824224.cms |title=BJP meet to decide Uma Bharati's fate |work=The Times of India|access-date=20 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208163735/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/824224.cms |archive-date=8 February 2009 }}</ref> In November 2004, she had a public falling out with Advani during a meeting at the BJP headquarters. This led to a suspension from the BJP, which was revoked a few months later at the insistence of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] social service volunteer organisation.<ref name="India Today"/> She continued to publicly defy the BJP high command, insisting that she replace [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, which led to several [[show-cause]] notices from the party, and eventually, to her expulsion.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

In response, Bharti floated her own political party, the [[Bharatiya Janshakti Party]]. She stated that her party followed the ideology of the RSS, and claimed that she had the support of [[Mohan Bhagwat]], head of the RSS.<ref name="Bhagwat"/> However, the party had a marked lack of political success.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

===Re-entry into the BJP===
Bharti was re-inducted into the BJP on 7 June 2011. She was tasked with reviving the party in Uttar Pradesh, ahead of that state's [[2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election|assembly election]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Back to BJP|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/uma-bharti-re-inducted-into-bjp/articleshow/8758452.cms|access-date=7 June 2011|newspaper=Economic Times|date=7 June 2011|archive-date=19 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019054549/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/uma-bharti-re-inducted-into-bjp/articleshow/8758452.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> In those elections, she was elected to the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Charkhari (Assembly constituency)|Charkhari constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2012 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uma-bharti-kalraj-mishra-and-rita-bahuguna-among-winners/article2967808.ece|title=Uma Bharti, Kalraj Mishra and Rita Bahuguna among winners|work=THE HINDU| date=7 March 2012|last1=Bhatnagar|first1=Gaurav Vivek}}</ref> Subsequently, she was appointed to the position of party vice-president along with twelve others, as part of a team created to guide the BJP through the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 Lok Sabha elections]].<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/> On 16 May 2014, she was elected to the Lok Sabha from [[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi constituency]] by defeating [[Chandrapal Singh Yadav|Chandrapal Yadav]] of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="The Economic Times">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-results-2014-seven-union-ministers-taste-humiliating-defeat-in-uttar-pradesh/articleshow/35219947.cms|title=Election Results 2014: Seven Union Ministers taste humiliating defeat in Uttar Pradesh|work=The Economic Times| date=16 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA">{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2446.htm?ac=46|title=GENERAL ELECTION TO LOK SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2014, Uttar Pradesh – Jhansi|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA|date=16 May 2014|access-date=17 May 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213718/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2446.htm?ac=46|url-status=dead}}</ref> She served as the Minister for Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation from 26 May 2014 to 1 September 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/narendra-modi-government-list-of-portfolios-and-ministers/|title=Narendra Modi government: Full list of portfolios and ministers|work= The Indian Express|date=27 May 2014}}</ref> She became the Minister of drinking water and sanitation on 3 September 2017.<ref>{{citation |title=Cabinet rejig: Uma, Rudy skip swearing-in ceremony |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cabinet-rejig-uma-rudy-skip-swearing-in-ceremony/articleshow/60354534.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 September 2017 }}</ref> Uma Bharti donated one month of her salary to support the welfare of families of [[Central Reserve Police Force]] personnel murdered in the [[2019 Pulwama attack]] perpetrated by a Kashmiri militant against the Indian Army.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ex-congress-mp-noor-bano-blames-security-forces-pulwama-attack-1458183-2019-02-17/ |title= Congress leader Noor Bano blames security forces for Pulwama attack |publisher=India Today |date=17 February 2019 }}</ref>

==Threats against Walmart==

In late November 2011, when the Government of India decided to allow 51% [[foreign direct investment]] in multi-brand retail and 100% in single brand retail, Uma Bharti threatened [[Walmart]] with arson should they enter the Indian market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/will-set-walmart-store-on-fire-uma-bharti/205774-37-64.html |title=Will set Walmart store on fire: Uma Bharti - Politics - Politics News - ibnlive |website=ibnlive.in.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127213600/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/will-set-walmart-store-on-fire-uma-bharti/205774-37-64.html |archive-date=27 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Uma Bharti ministry (2003-2004)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Uma Bharti}}
* [https://www.twitter.com/umasribharti Official Twitter]
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3245988.stm "''India's firebrand Hindu nun''"] – [[BBC News]] article dated 30 November 2005
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3998315.stm BBC article on Uma Bharti's suspension]

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{{s-bef|before=[[Pradeep Jain Aditya]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament<br />for [[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi]] |years=2014 – 2019}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]|years= 8 December 2003 – 22 August 2004}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation|Minister of Water Resources,<br />River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation]]|years= 26 May 2014 – 3 September 2017}}
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation]]|years= 3 September 2017 – 24 May 2019}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharti, Uma}}
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