View source for Underground city

{{Short description|Series of linked subterranean spaces}}
{{For|the book|The Underground City}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Original research|date=November 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2012}}
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
[[File:Tenjin Chikagai(Tenjin Underground City) - 02.JPG|right|thumb|Tenjin Underground City in [[Chūō-ku, Fukuoka|Chūō-ku]], [[Fukuoka]], [[Fukuoka Prefecture]], Japan]]
An '''underground city''' is a series of linked [[subterranea (geography)|subterranean spaces]] that may provide a defensive refuge; a place for living, working or shopping; a transit system; [[mausoleum|mausolea]]; wine or storage cellars; [[cisterns]] or drainage channels; or several of these. Underground cities may be currently active modern creations or they may be historic including ancient sites, some of which may be entirely or partially open to the public.

The term may also refer to a network of [[tunnel]]s that connects buildings beneath street level that may house office blocks, [[shopping mall|shopping centre]]s, [[metro station]]s, [[theatre]]s, and other attractions. These passages can usually be accessed through the public space of any of the buildings connecting to them, and sometimes have separate entries as well. This latter definition encompasses many modern structures, whereas the former more generally covers tunnel systems from ancient times to the present day.

Underground cities are especially functional in cities with very cold or hot climates, because they permit activities to be comfortably accessible year round without regard to the weather. Underground cities are similar in nature to [[skyway]] systems and may include some buildings linked by skyways or above-ground corridors rather than underground.
Some cities also have tunnels that have been abandoned.<ref name=statesman>{{cite web|author=Capi Lynn |url=https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/opinion/columnists/capi-lynn/2015/01/31/john-ritter-salem-history/22627533/ |title=From opium dens to bordellos, historian unearths Salem's past |publisher=Statesmanjournal.com |date=2015-01-30 |access-date=2017-12-03}}</ref><ref name=chicagotribune>{{cite news
|last= Lord
|first= Steve
|title= Vault project shines light on underground Aurora
|newspaper= The Chicago Tribune
|date= September 29, 2017
|url= http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/aurora-beacon-news/news/ct-abn-aurora-vaults-st-0928-20170929-story.html
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171028094059/http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/aurora-beacon-news/news/ct-abn-aurora-vaults-st-0928-20170929-story.html
|archive-date= 2017-10-28
|url-status= live
}}</ref><ref name=sacramento>{{cite news
|last= Garvin
|first= Cosmo
|title= The past below
|newspaper= Sacramento Newsreview
|date= 17 July 2003
|url= http://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/past-below/content?oid=15424
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140208020116/http://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/past-below/content?oid=15424
|archive-date= 2014-02-08
|url-status= live
}}</ref>

== Asia ==

=== China ===
*[[Beijing]] built an extensive tunnel network called the [[Underground City (Beijing)|Underground City]] ({{lang-zh|t=地下城|s=地下城|p=Dìxià Chéng}}) during the [[Sino-Soviet split|Sino-Soviet conflict]], supposedly covering 85&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, falling into disuse in the 1970s. It was opened in 2000 to the public and tourists, but closed in 2008 for renovations.<ref name="CNN1">{{cite web |last=Jiang |first=Steven |date=2008-02-01 |title=Beijing Journal: An underground 'parallel universe' |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/01/30/oly.journal1/index.html |access-date=2008-07-14 |publisher=Cable News Network}}</ref> {{As of|2009|July|01}}, all "official" remaining entrances appear to be closed.
*[[Guangzhou]] has at least 16 different underground networks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=广州最全16个地下商场！逛街来这里！衣服便宜又漂亮！-美食频道-手机搜狐 |url=https://m.sohu.com/n/476428442/ |access-date=2020-11-09 |website=m.sohu.com}}</ref> 
**The largest underground network is in [[Zhujiang New Town]].  It connects the commercial basements of over 35 office towers and malls surrounding the Zhujiang New Town Central Park, and extends to [[Zhujiang New Town station|Zhujiang New Town]], [[Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center station|Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center]], [[Huangpu Dadao station|Huangpu Dadao]] and [[Huacheng Dadao station|Huacheng Dadao]] metro stations.  The mall portion under the Zhujiang New Town Central Park alone totals at least {{convert|sigfig=3|150000|m2|sqft|abbr=}} of commercial space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=联系方式 {{!}} 广州花城汇购物中心 |url=https://www.mowgz.com/contact-us |access-date=2020-11-09 |website=www.mowgz.com}}</ref> 
**In addition there are large subterranean retail tunnels that surround several [[Guangzhou Metro]] stations such as [[Tiyu Xilu station|Tiyu Xilu]], [[Tianhe Sports Center station|Tianhe Sports Center]], [[Martyrs' Park station|Martyrs' Park]], [[Guangzhou railway station]] and [[Guangzhou East railway station]].
**Smaller networks of subterranean retail tunnels surround several [[Guangzhou Metro]] stations such as [[Chen Clan Academy station|Chen Clan Academy]], [[Jiangnanxi station|Jiangnan West]] (江南新地商业街), [[Gongyuanqian station|Gongyuanqian]]
*[[Harbin]] has a number of large, multi-level underground shopping areas, originally built for air defense. The largest is at the roundabout intersection of Xida Zhi street and Hongjun street where three levels of markets following streets from four directions meet under the giant snowflake atrium.
*[[Hangzhou]] has an underground mall in [[Wulin Square]] connected to a [[Wulin Square station|subway station]] of the same name and nearby office buildings.<ref>{{cite web |title=杭州最大的地下商城今天开建 地铁站直通杭州大厦（图） - 杭网原创 - 杭州网 |url=http://ori.hangzhou.com.cn/ornews/content/2012-12/28/content_4541276.htm |access-date=2016-12-24 |website=ori.hangzhou.com.cn}}</ref>
*[[Nanjing]] has an underground mall around [[Xinjiekou station (Nanjing Metro)|Xinjiekou metro station]].
*[[Qingdao]] has two small underground shopping areas, one at the head of the Zhanqiao (pier) and one west of the Qingdao guest house.
*[[Shanghai]] has a few underground networks, most notably at [[People's Square station (Shanghai Metro)|People's Square]] metro station, wherein the line 2 station has a second mezzanine full of shops and Line 1 is connected to a large underground shopping gallery at its south end. [[Shanghai Science and Technology Museum station|Shanghai Science Museum]] stop on line 2 has a large underground shopping area, known for its imitation goods. [[Site of the First CPC National Congress · South Huangpi Road station|Huangpi Road South]] and [[Xujiahui station|Xujiahui]] stations are directly connected to shopping centers, and the Lujiazui station is connected to the Bank of China tower.
*[[Shenzhen]] has quite a few underground shopping malls:
**The largest system is Link City ({{lang-zh|t=連城新天地|s=连城新天地}}), an underground shopping plaza connecting [[Convention and Exhibition Center station (Shenzhen Metro)|Convention and Exhibition Center]], [[Shopping Park station|Shopping Park]], [[Futian station|Futian]] and [[Gangxia station|Gangxia]] stations with surrounding office buildings. The initial sections of the mall used to be an air-raid shelter. In 2022, the network was expanded to [[Gangxia North station]] via the basement of the One Avenue mall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=卓越集团 - 新势力·潮北去 {{!}} One Avenue卓悦中心北区盛大开业，现象级商业再进阶 |url=https://www.excegroup.com/news/Inner/5248 |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=www.excegroup.com}}</ref>
**An underground electronics market connecting [[Huaqiang Road station|Huaqiang Road]], [[Huaqiang North station|Huaqiang North]] and [[Huaxin station|Huaxin]] stations and the surrounding [[Huaqiangbei]] electronics markets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=时小咪 |title=每一个深圳人，都自动携带华强北基因 |url=http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI3NTA2MDk0OQ==&mid=2654313509&idx=1&sn=47498cd41767822cb9fc3b6260cc3787&chksm=f0cbbd9fc7bc34898889d6dacf1e1207985f6633a32ec0ac2aa38b75eee93d2d6ba8a71891e1#rd |access-date=2020-11-09 |website=Weixin Official Accounts Platform}}</ref>
**Smaller networks of subterranean retail tunnels surround several [[Shenzhen Metro]] stations such as [[Chegongmiao station|Chegongmiao]], [[Laojie station|Laojie]], [[Science Museum station|Science Museum]], [[Luohu station|Luohu]], [[Huangbeiling station|Huangbeiling]], [[Guiwan station|Guiwan]], [[Nanshan Book Mall station|Nanshan Book Mall]], and [[Window of the World station|Window of the World]].
*[[Wuhan]] has a number of subterranean retail tunnels surrounding [[Wuhan Metro]] stations such as [[Zhongshan Park station (Wuhan Metro)|Zhongshan Park]], [[Wuhan Business District station|Wuhan Business District]], [[Wangjiawan station (Wuhan Metro)|Wangjiawan]], [[Qushuilou station|Qushuilou]], [[Xudong station|Xudong]], [[Wangjiadun station|Wangjiadun]], [[Hongshan Square station|Hongshan Square]] and [[Changgang Road station|Changgang Road]] Stations.

=== Hong Kong ===
Many [[MTR]] stations in Hong Kong form extended underground networks connecting to adjacent [[building]]s and at the basement of some major [[shopping malls]] in the area above. In addition, the stations themselves often house a number of retail shops.

Among such, the largest underground network consists of numerous out-of-system passageways within the station complex connecting the [[Tsim Sha Tsui station|Tsim Sha Tsui]]–[[East Tsim Sha Tsui station|East Tsim Sha Tsui]] stations, government-owned pedestrian underpasses and basements of shopping malls, including the [[K11 Art Mall]]. In whole, the underground network spans almost the entirety of the retail heart of Tsim Sha Tsui, from Canton Road to the West and Chatham Road South to the East, and from Victoria Harbour to the South and Cameron Road to the North.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsim Sha Tsui station / East Tsim Sha Tsui Station street map |url=https://www.mtr.com.hk/archive/en/services/maps/ets.pdf |publisher=MTR |access-date=6 December 2024}}</ref>

Previously, additional underground networks have been proposed for Causeway Bay in 2006 and in Kwun Tong under Hoi Yuen Road in 2010. As of 2014, studies are underway for underground networks in [[Tsim Sha Tsui]], [[Kowloon Park]], [[Victoria Park (Hong Kong)|Victoria Park]], [[Causeway Bay]], [[Happy Valley, Hong Kong|Happy Valley]], [[Admiralty, Hong Kong|Admiralty]], [[Wan Chai]] and [[Hong Kong Park]]. However, as of 2024, only the network in Tsim Sha Tsui had been built.

In 2017, The [[Development Bureau]] announced that two underground streets will be constructed in [[Kowloon City District]], which would connect [[Kowloon City]], [[San Po Kong]], [[Kai Tak station]] and [[Sung Wong Toi station]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kai Tak Underground Shopping Street (KTUSS)|url=https://kaitak.info/en/Underground-Shopping-Street |website=啓德資訊 kaitak.info |access-date=6 December 2024}}</ref> The system would be known as “Kai Tak Underground Shopping Street.” As of 2025, the only portions constructed and operational are the basement portion of the [[Airside (building)|AIRSIDE]] mall and the Cullinan Sky Mall, both of which connect to Kai Tak Station.

=== Iran ===
Historical underground cities of Persia include [[Samen]], [[Nushabad]], and Kariz.

*[[Kish, Iran|Kish]]: an underground city by the name of [[Kish Island#Kish Hidden Pearl|Hidden Pearl]] was constructed of roads interlinked 20 meters (66&nbsp;ft.) under the ground. Shops and restaurants are planned to be built.
*[[Tehran]]: Tehran has made a series of underground pathways in and around [[Vali-e Asr Metro Station]] and is in planning stage to increase commercial activity in newly built buildings in the central part of the city. The priorities for future development are expansion of underground connections around [[Haft-e Tir Metro Station]] and [[Meydan-e Vali-e Asr Metro Station]].<ref>{{cite web |title=سال آینده میدان هفت تیر زیرزمینی می شود |url=http://www.khabaronline.ir/(X(1)S(0uk2gswgejx1axjzleh03jcn))/detail/473009/society/453 |website=www.khabaronline.ir|date=October 30, 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Isfahan]]: with the completion of [[Imam Hosein Metro Station (Isfahan)|Imam Hosein Metro Station]], and [[Jahan Nama Complex]], and their eventual underground connection, there would be an underground complex of a length of 300 m formed in Isfahan downtown area. Also, not underground per se, with [[Imam Ali Square]]'s street network being dug underground and a large open space plaza being constructed on the top, the plaza is connected through a series of covered bazaar pathways of a length exceeding 4&nbsp;km, connecting it to [[Naqsh-e Jahan Square]].
*[[Nushabad]]: Nushabad has an underground city that served as a refuge during wars.

=== Japan ===
[[File:Shiodome City Center underground.jpg|right|thumb|[[Shiodome City Center]] underground in [[Minato, Tokyo]], [[Japan]]]]
*[[Sapporo]], with its continental climate resulting in snowy winters, has a fairly large underground network in its central core spanning from [[Sapporo Station|Sapporo]] up to [[Susukino Station|Susukino]] stations. The network also reaches [[Bus Center-Mae Station]] just within walking distance of [[Ōdōri Station]].
*[[Osaka]] has enormous underground networks in the [[Umeda]], [[Namba]], and [[Shinsaibashi]] districts, in which Umeda alone includes over 1,200 retail stores and restaurants, as well as subway and intercity rail stations.
*[[Tokyo]] has numerous networks of connecting passages surrounding subway stations that span a few blocks for commuters. Stations such as [[Shinjuku Station|Shinjuku]] and [[Shibuya Station|Shibuya]] have underground shopping malls. [[Shinjuku Station|Shinjuku]] in particular has a reputation for being so large and complex that even local Japanese get lost there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Never Get Lost in Shinjuku Station Again! |date=April 20, 2017 |url=https://allabout-japan.com/en/article/5160/}}</ref> The top five largest underground "cities" (地下街, ''chikagai'') in Japan are all shopping districts:
**[[Crysta Nagahori]] in [[Chūō-ku, Osaka]] – {{convert|81765|sqm|sqft|0|abbr=on}}
**[[Yaesu Chikagai]] in [[Chūō, Tokyo]] – {{convert|73253|sqm|sqft|0|abbr=on}}
**[[Kawasaki Azalea]] in [[Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki]] – {{convert|56704|sqm|sqft|0|abbr=on}}
**[[Central Park Chikagai]] in [[Naka-ku, Nagoya]] – {{convert|56370|sqm|sqft|0|abbr=on}}
**Diamor Osaka in [[Kita-ku, Osaka]] – {{convert|42977|sqm|sqft|0|abbr=on}}
*[[Kobe]] has an underground shopping mall called Duo Kobe that link JR West [[Kōbe Station (Hyogo)|Kobe Station]] with [[Kōsoku Kōbe Station]] of [[Kōbe Rapid Transit Railway|Kobe Rapid Transit Railway]] and [[Harborland Station]] of [[Kobe Municipal Subway]]. Another such mall, called Metro Kobe, links Kōsoku Kōbe Station with [[Shinkaichi Station]] located underneath Kobe's old downtown area.
*[[Fukuoka]] has the Tenjin Chikagai <small>([[:ja:天神地下街|ja:天神地下街]])</small> underground mall which links [[Tenjin-Minami Station]] of [[Fukuoka City Subway]] [[Nanakuma Line]] with [[Tenjin Station]] of Fukuoka City Subway [[Kūkō Line (Fukuoka City Subway)|Kūkō Line]] and [[Nishitetsu Fukuoka (Tenjin) Station]] of [[Nishi-Nippon Railroad]].
[[File:Tenjin Chikagai(Tenjin Underground City) - 01.JPG|right|thumb|Tenjin Underground City in Chūō-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan]]

=== Singapore ===
*Extensive underground networks exist around [[List of Singapore MRT stations|most major stations]] of the [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]], such as the one at the [[Raffles Place MRT station]] with direct underground connections to 19 buildings in the busy [[Raffles Place]] area. Expanding the network is the first phase of a new subterranean network linking the station to the [[One Raffles Quay]] and [[Marina Bay Financial Centre]] for a complex underground pedestrian network across the entire downtown area. {{Citation needed|date=December 2015}}
*The [[CityLink Mall]] offers over {{convert|60000|sqft|m2}} of underground retail space and connects the [[City Hall MRT station]] with [[Suntec City]], the [[Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay]], and other developments in the [[Marina Centre]] area. It is also linked to the [[Esplanade MRT station]] on the [[Circle MRT line]].
*The [[Orchard Road]] shopping belt is connected by underground linkways often with commercial space, particularly around the three MRT stations serving the district, namely [[Orchard MRT station|Orchard]], [[Somerset MRT station|Somerset]] and [[Dhoby Ghaut MRT station|Dhoby Ghaut]]. However, the underground network around the three stations do not connect.<ref>{{cite web |title=SG & Singapore Map! Powered by Streetdirectory.com |url=https://www.streetdirectory.com/ |website=www.streetdirectory.com |publisher=Streetdirectory Pte Ltd |access-date=20 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Plans are also in place to link towards Bras Basah Road into [[Suntec City]], [[Bugis Junction]] and [[Chinatown]]. {{Citation needed|date=December 2015}}

=== South Korea ===
*[[Seoul]] has a well-developed underground network. Myeongdong and Hoehyeon underground streets are the most famous; they are connected to [[Hoehyeon Station]] and [[Myeongdong Station]]
*It is planned to build a larger underground city in [[Gangnamdaero]], the border between [[Gangnam District]] and [[Seocho District]].{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

=== Taiwan ===
{{See also|Taipei Underground Market}}
[[File:Near of Exit 13, East Metro Mall 20070531.jpg|thumb|An underground mall in Taipei connecting two [[Taipei Metro]] stations]]
[[Taipei]] has two major underground streets connecting two or more metro stations. In addition, there is a large underground shopping mall near the main train station.

Major underground streets that connects multiple metro stations：
*Underground streets around [[Taipei Station]] ({{lang-zh|t=台北地下街}}): [[Taipei City Mall]], [[Zhongshan Metro Mall]], [[Station Front Metro Mall]], K Underground Mall, [[Eslite Bookstore|Eslite]] underground malls, etc. The whole complex spans 3 metro stops: [[Beimen metro station|Beimen]], [[Taipei Main Station]], [[Zhongshan metro station|Zhongshan]], and [[Shuanglian metro station|Shuanglian]] stations.<ref>{{cite web |title=台北地下街簡介地圖 |url=http://www.taipeimall.com.tw/uploads/image/file/1560/1-1130123-___594x210mm_______240123_ol_0.jpg |website=台北地下街 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref>
*[[East Metro Mall]]  ({{lang-zh|t=東區地下街}}), situated between [[Zhongxiao Fuxing MRT station|Zhongxiao Fuxing]] and [[Zhongxiao Dunhua MRT station|Zhongxiao Dunhua]] metro stations.
Minor underground streets that connects to a single metro station:
*[[Ximen Metro Mall]] ({{lang-zh|t=西門地下街}}), connected to [[Ximen metro station|Ximen station]].
*[[Longshan Temple Underground Shopping Mall]] ({{lang-zh|t=龍山寺地下街}}), next to [[Longshan Temple metro station]]

[[Kaohsiung]] used to host the first underground mall in Taiwan. Opened in 1978, the Kaohsiung underground mall suffered a fire on 18 December 1989, and the underground mall had been closed to public ever since.<ref>{{cite web |title=高雄地下街大火，臺灣第一座地下商城被燒毀 |url=https://time.udn.com/udntime/story/122835/6367247 |website=報時光 |access-date=20 September 2025 |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref>

=== Turkey ===
*[[Cappadocia]] contains several historical underground cities carved out of unusual geological formations formed via the eruptions of ancient volcanoes. The cities were initially inhabited by the [[Hittites]], then later by early [[Christians]] as hiding places. They are now archeological and tourist sites but are not generally occupied (see [[Kaymakli Underground City]], [[Derinkuyu underground city]], [[Özkonak Underground City]], [[Mazı Underground City]]). The latest large underground city was discovered in 2007 in Gaziemir, Güzelyurt. It was a stopover on the Silk Road, allowing travelers and their camels to rest in safety underground, in a 'fortress' equivalent to a modern hotel.
[[File:Derinkuyu Underground City.JPG|right|thumb|A typical view from inside the [[Derinkuyu Underground City|underground city]] in [[Derinkuyu]], one of the largest underground complexes in [[Cappadocia]]. There are few artifacts left from the original builders, mainly just large rocks that were used to block the passage for intruders. Most of the "cities" are corridors, but some places there are rooms large enough to live in, and some rooms that have the cross-like shape of a church, which is probably exactly what they were.]]
*[[Istanbul]] has Roman-era cisterns, built 2,000 years ago for water storage. It is now a tourist attraction.

==Australia==
[[Sydney]] has a series of underground shopping malls around the [[Town Hall railway station, Sydney|Town Hall]] underground station. The tunnels run south to the [[George Street, Sydney|George Street]] cinema district, west under the town hall, and north to [[Pitt Street Mall]] through the [[Queen Victoria Building]]. The northern branch links Queen Victoria Building with Galleries Victoria, Sydney Central Plaza (which in turn links underground to [[Westfield Sydney]] and internally above ground to Centrepoint, Imperial Arcade, Skygarden, Glasshouse and [[25 Martin Place]]). The linked centres run for over {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}}. In 2005, [[Westfield Corporation]] submitted a development application to link Sydney Central Plaza underground with 3 other properties on Pitt Street Mall and extend the tunnel network by a further {{convert|500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} or more.

[[Perth]] has a small network of underground shopping malls running from the [[St Georges Terrace]] entrance to Trinity Arcade to Murray Street Mall.

The small town of [[Coober Pedy]] in northern [[South Australia]] has numerous [[Underground living|underground residences]] and other facilities. The area was and is extensively mined for [[opal]], and the settlers lived underground to escape the scorching daytime heat, often exceeding {{convert|40|°C|°F}}.

[[Melbourne]] is said to have the largest underground tunnel system in the world spanning over {{cvt|1500|km|mi}}, with the clandestine group known as the [[Cave Clan]] who meet regularly to explore, vandalise, socialise and map out this network. The vast majority of these tunnels are decommissioned or for stormwater purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Rowena |date=August 7, 2014 |title=Melbourne's underground tunnel network is the most elaborate in the world |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/australian-holidays/melbournes-underground-tunnel-network-is-the-most-elaborate-in-the-world/news-story/7ad115a60204141a8dd845a28d4c6357#:~:text=Australian%20Holidays-,Melbourne's%20underground%20tunnel%20network%20is%20the%20most%20elaborate%20in%20the,elaborate%20system%20in%20the%20world.&text=Melbourne%20has%20one%20of%20the%20most%20elaborate%20tunnel%20systems%20in%20the%20world. |access-date=January 9, 2024 |website=news.com.au}}</ref>

== Europe ==

=== Bosnia and Herzegovina ===
* [[Skenderija]] is a cultural, sports and trade center located in [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. In the area of 70,000 square meters there are multipurpose halls for various sports, concert and cultural venues, and trade areas above ground including square. Underground is a modern shopping center "''Privredni grad''" (English: ''Commercial City'') with numerous confectionery shops, restaurants, coffee bars and other spaces.<ref name="skenderija-o-nama">{{cite web |title=O nama |url=http://www.skenderija.ba/index.php/home/centarskenderija-onama |website=www.skenderija.ba |language=en-gb |access-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314202555/https://www.skenderija.ba/index.php/home/centarskenderija-onama |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="radiosarajevo.ba-skenderija">{{cite web |date=2019 |title=Prije tačno 50 godina otvorena Skenderija: Pogledajte kako je tu noć bilo u Sarajevu |url=https://radiosarajevo.ba/metromahala/teme/prije-tacno-50-godina-otvorena-je-skenderija-pogledajte-kako-je-tu-noc-bilo-u-sarajevu/358947# |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=radiosarajevo.ba |language=sh}}</ref>
* The [[Sarajevo Tunnel]] (Serbo-Croatian: Sarajevski tunel / Сарајевски тунел), also known as Tunel spasa (Тунел спаса, English: ''Tunnel of salvation'') and Tunnel of Hope, was a tunnel constructed between March and June 1993 during the [[Siege of Sarajevo]] in the midst of the [[Bosnian War]].

=== Croatia ===
* [[Cellars of Diocletian's Palace]], sometimes referred to as the "basement halls", is a set of substructures, located at the southern end of [[Diocletian's Palace]]<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Diocletian's palace basement, Split |url=https://www.absolute-croatia.com/split/attractions/diocletian-palace |website=www.absolute-croatia.com}}</ref> (now the southernmost part of [[Split, Croatia|Split]] Stari grade), that once held up the private apartments of [[Roman emperor|Emperor]] [[Diocletian]]<ref name="auto2" /> and represent one of the best preserved ancient complexes of their kind in the world.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Split – The Substructures |url=https://visitsplit.com/en/529/the-substructures |website=visitsplit.com}}</ref>

=== Czechia ===
*[[Znojmo]] has a vast labyrinth of underground passageways and cellars known as the [[Znojmo Catacombs]]. They were originally developed for defensive purposes.

=== Finland ===
[[File:Asematunnelin kompassiaukio.jpg|thumb|A "compass square" of [[Asematunneli]], an underground [[shopping center]] near the [[Helsinki Central railway station]]]]
*In [[Helsinki]] centre, underground shopping areas cover the [[Helsinki Central railway station|central railway station]] area including the underground shopping centre [[Asematunneli]], and two subway stations, [[Rautatientori metro station|Rautatientori]] and [[Kamppi metro station|Kamppi]]. The [[Kamppi]] metro station is integrated with the [[Kamppi Center]] ({{convert|55000|m2|sqft|0|abbr=on}}) long-distance bus terminal, freight depot and internal parking area, all underground. It features a six-storey shopping complex and a central bus terminal for local buses. Together with these, the [[Forum (shopping centre)|Forum shopping centre]], [[Sokos]] and [[Stockmann, Helsinki centre|Stockmann]] department stores are all connected together with underground walkways featuring shops and other services.
*Three other subway stations in Helsinki have similar, smaller undergrounds: [[Hakaniemi metro station|Hakaniemi]], [[Sörnäinen metro station|Sörnäinen]] and [[University of Helsinki metro station|University of Helsinki]].
*The master plan of Helsinki's large underground city complex is known to be the only one of its kind in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Underground Helsinki |url=https://www.myhelsinki.fi/en/see-and-do/underground-helsinki |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=My Helsinki}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Millar |first1=Lisa |last2=Hawke |first2=Jack |date=2018-07-22 |title=Helsinki's sprawling underground tunnel network offers shelter from Russia's potential threat |website=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-07-22/helsinki-underground-tunnel-system-shelter-from-russian-threat/10022486 |access-date=2022-10-21}}</ref>

=== France ===
*[[Paris]]:
**The [[mines of Paris]] are several disconnected networks of more than {{convert|300|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of mining tunnels started in the 13th century and dominated by the "large south network" on the [[Rive Gauche|Left Bank]], of which {{convert|1.7|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} was repurposed from 1786 as the [[Catacombs of Paris]] ossuary, the final resting place of 6-7 million Parisians.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20071220022912/http://www.parislogue.com/catacombs/ Catacomba]}} parislogue.com {{dead link|date=December 2022}}</ref> Other parts of the tunnel network have long been closed off for safety reasons, but the tunnels have served as safe passageways during war and revolution, routes for [[urban explorer]]s, and venues for unauthorized cultural activities.
**[[La Défense]], the major business district northwest of the city center built in the 1960s, has an extensive network of commercial passageways under a vast plaza centered on the [[Gare de La Défense]] and radiating out to connect with surrounding buildings, notably the large [[Les Quatre Temps]] shopping center and [[CNIT]], but enabling access to many buildings of the district.
**The [[Forum des Halles]] is a partially underground multilevel commercial and shopping center connected to the massive underground transit hub [[Chatelet-Les-Halles]]. Opened in 1979, passageways extend west under the [[Jardin Nelson Mandela]] for several city blocks, and within the fare zone of the [[Paris Metro]], stretch half a kilometer south to the banks of the [[River Seine]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180808011557/http://img15.hostingpics.net/pics/565789plancumule2.png Image]</ref>
*[[Naours]]: {{convert|33|m|ft|0}} below the [[Picardy]] village of Naours (between Doullens and Amiens), the 28 galleries ({{convert|2000|m|ft|0}} long) of an ancient limestone quarry (exploited since the 3rd century c.e.) have long been used as shelter by the population seeking refuge from invaders. Occupied by the [[Triple Entente]] forces during [[World War I|WWI]], and then used as headquarters by the German Army during the [[World War II|WWII]] occupation of France, the galleries are now open to visitors.
*[[Arras]]: during [[World War I]], the French and British Army built a tunnel system (''boves'') based upon the already existing [[adit]]s from a formerly used [[quarry]]. Scots and Englishmen used the quarry below the quarter Saint-Sauveur and called it "Glasgow", "Manchester" and "Liverpool". The [[New Zealand Army]] (bonded with the British Army) used the quarry for constructing another tunnel system below the quarter Ronville and called it "Wellington", "Auckland" and "Nelson".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Nord |first1=La Voix du |title=Notre tournée des visites souterraines : À Arras, retour au Moyen-Âge dans les boves |work=La Voix du Nord |date=July 27, 2014 |url=http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/culture-loisirs/notre-tournee-des-visites-souterraines-a-arras-retour-ia0b0n2295600}}</ref> Soldiers from these armed forces hid in the tunnels for several days. On April 9, 1917, 5:30 am, 24,000 soldiers sortied from there to encounter German troops.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arras - Der Wellington-Steinbruch- Wege der Erinnerung des Ersten Weltkriegs im Nord-Pas de Calais |url=http://www.wegedererinnerung-nordfrankreich.com/die-wege/die-front/arras-der-wellington-steinbruch.html |website=www.wegedererinnerung-nordfrankreich.com}}</ref>

=== Germany ===
*[[Berlin]]: several buildings on the east side of Friedrichstraße, from Quartier 205 (Friedrichstraße 70) northwards up to Galerie Lafayette are connected to each other. Businesses are on both sides of the underground street so that it appears to be inside a building all the time, even when it crosses Taubenstraße underground.

:Extensive underground bunkers still exist all throughout the city centre, although they are largely sealed off and closed to the public.

:All of the buildings at the large [[Charité]] Virchow campus are connected via a system of spacious tunnels. In addition to employee use, particularly during inclement weather, there is also a rudimentary robotic system via which mail and packages are delivered across campus.

*[[Frankfurt am Main]]: underground shopping malls, called 'B-Ebene' in Frankfurt, of considerable size are found at Hauptbahnhof (central station) and Hauptwache.
*[[Hamburg]]: the [[Jungfernstieg railway station|Jungfernstieg]] and Rathaus subway stations and several entrances are connected by pedestrian tunnels, some of them contain shops. There is a direct access to the Europapassage shopping mall.
*[[Munich]]: underground shopping mall at Karlsplatz/Stachus. This combines the underpass that leads to the pedestrian area and the entry to the subway system.
*[[Stuttgart]]: there is a large underground shopping mall (Klettpassage) connecting the Hauptbahnhof (central station) with the main shopping street, the Königstraße.

=== Greece ===
In [[Thessaloniki]], [[Hellenistic]], [[Ancient Rome|Roman]], [[Byzantine]], and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] monuments coexist underground and several of these have been discovered and merged together. Monuments such as the Catacombs of St. John and the underground museum of the [[Agora]] have limited access and many are not permitted to enter even to the locals by the Archaeological Department of the Thessaloniki underground [[Metro (rapid transit)|Metro]] project.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 31, 2010 |script-title=el:Πόλος έλξης η υπόγεια Θεσσαλονίκη (English:Underground Thessaloniki is a pole of attraction |url=http://www.makthes.gr/news/reportage/64182 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904012857/http://www.makthes.gr/news/reportage/64182 |archive-date=September 4, 2012 |language=el}}</ref>

=== Hungary ===
*[[Budapest]] has an extensive network of underground spaces known as the [[Kőbánya cellar system]].

=== Italy ===
*[[Ancient Rome]] had [[catacombs of Rome|a network of catacombs]], ancient Jewish and Christian underground burial places near the city.
*[[Naples]] has [[Beneath Naples|many chambers and tunnels]] beneath the city, including channels and reservoirs for water, and [[Catacombs of San Gennaro|catacombs]].

=== Netherlands ===
In general, many large railway stations house underground hallways featuring shops, restaurants, banks and money exchange offices. A striking example of such stations would be the main hallway of the [[Amsterdam Centraal|Amsterdam central station]], which connects to the city's [[Amsterdam Metro|metro system]], although due to renovation and re-building it was temporarily (2012–2015) not possible to walk from the subway to the train station without going outside.

*[[Maastricht]]: originally a [[casemate]], the ''kazematten'' of Maastricht form a {{convert|14|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long network of tunnels underneath the western part of the city.<ref name="Maastricht Kazematten">{{cite web |title=Maastricht Kazematten |url=http://www.maastrichtunderground.nl/content.php?id=3 |access-date=2010-08-19 |publisher=maastrichtunderground.nl}}</ref> This tunnel network has mainly been used for military purposes. The main construction period of these tunnels lasted from 1575 to 1825.<ref name="Maastricht Kazematten" /> The newest sections of the tunnel network were dug as late as the middle 20th century, built in the [[Cold War]] as a shelter for citizens in the event of a nuclear strike on the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kazematten en schuilkelder |url=http://www.vvv-maastricht.eu/groepsactiviteiten/kazematten_en_schuilkelder.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107010510/http://www.vvv-maastricht.eu/groepsactiviteiten/kazematten_en_schuilkelder.html |archive-date=2009-11-07 |access-date=2010-08-19 |publisher=VVV Maastricht}}</ref> 
*[[Caves of Maastricht]] are a far more extensive, system of tunnels with a length over {{convert|200|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and 20,000 individual corridors lies just west of Maastricht;  ({{langx|nl|Grotten van Maastricht}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Sint Pietersberg |url=http://www.natuurmonumenten.nl/sintpietersberg |access-date=2010-08-19 |publisher=Stichting Natuurmonumenten}}</ref> These man-made 'caves' were used as [[Marl]] quarries from the 13th century onwards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historie grotten |url=http://www.maastrichtunderground.nl/content.php?id=14 |access-date=2010-08-19 |publisher=maastrichtunderground.nl}}</ref> In [[World War II]], these caves were used to hide large quantities of paintings from the Germans, even including the [[The Night Watch|Nachtwacht]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nachtwacht onder mergel |url=http://www.maastricht.nl/maastricht/show/id=62958/framenoid=39732 |access-date=2010-08-19 |publisher=Municipality Maastricht}}</ref> In 1944, construction started on a large public shelter that could have housed 45,000 persons in these caves. The project never saw its completion due to the liberation of Maastricht in the fall of the same year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Schuilkelder voor half Maastricht |url=http://www.refdag.nl/nieuws/schuilkelder_voor_half_maastricht_1_459474 |access-date=2010-08-19 |publisher=Reformatorisch Dagblad}}</ref>

=== Poland ===
*[[Warsaw]]: [[Warszawa Centralna railway station]] is connected by [[subway (underpass)|pedestrian tunnels]] to adjacent rail stations [[Warszawa Śródmieście PKP station|Warszawa Śródmieście]] and [[Warszawa Śródmieście WKD railway station|Warszawa WKD]], [[Złote Tarasy]] shopping center, and the [[Centrum LIM]] skyscraper.<ref>{{cite web |title=Podziemne miasto w Warszawie |url=http://www.wykop.pl/ramka/325643/podziemne-miasto-w-warszawie/ |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=wykop.pl |date=March 14, 2010 |language=pl}}</ref>

=== Russia ===
*[[Moscow]]: "Okhotnyi Ryad" (Охотный Ряд) is a four-level underground shopping mall ({{convert|29000|sqm|sqft|0|abbr=on}}) linked to [[Moscow Metro|Metro]] [[Okhotny Ryad (Moscow Metro)|station of same name]].
*[[Metro-2|Moscow Metro 2]] is a purported secret underground metro system in [[Moscow]] built supposedly during (or from) the time of [[Joseph Stalin]].

=== Spain ===
*In [[Barcelona]], there is an abandoned underground mall near [[Plaça de Catalunya]] called [[Avinguda de la Llum]], closed since 1990, which had originally been part of a more ambitious project to build an underground city under the centre of Barcelona. Also, some [[Barcelona Metro|Metro]] stations or connecting lines in the same station are connected by underground passages over a block in length.
*Legend has that the many caves and tunnels in [[Subterranean Toledo]] under the old part of [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] were connected and were used by occultists.

=== Sweden ===
*By walking through [[Stockholm]] subway stations and indoor shopping malls it is possible to walk indoor through the central business district, partly underground, from Arsenalsgatan subway entrance (Kungsträdgården station) to Kungsbron (north entrance to Cityterminalen bus terminal), covering a distance of between 1 and 2 kilometres.

=== Switzerland ===
*[[Geneva]] contains a large underground shopping centre which also acts to connect separate sections of surface shops.
*[[St. Gallen]]'s main [[hospital]] uses several tunnels to connect its buildings, [[Air Ambulance|helicopter pad]], pharmacies and storage facilities.
*[[Zürich Hauptbahnhof]] in [[Zürich]] has an underground RailCity [[shopping mall]] with full access to the station platforms.<ref name="Zurich">{{cite web |title=Rail City |url=http://www.railcity.ch/index/index_zuerich.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814101708/http://www.railcity.ch/index/index_zuerich.htm |archive-date=2007-08-14}}</ref>

=== Ukraine ===
*[[Kyiv]]: an underground concourse extends underneath [[Khreshchatyk|Khreschatyk Street]] from [[Maidan Nezalezhnosti]] to Ploshcha Ukrainskykh Heroiv. The concourse connects to the [[Kyiv Metro]] and to the Globe shopping mall beneath Maidan Nezalezhnosti.
*[[Odesa]]: a ramified tunnel network made from the former quarries that is famous as [[Odesa Catacombs]] covers the historical center of Odesa and some suburban areas.

=== United Kingdom ===
*[[London]]:
**There are extensive rooms, tunnels and chambers known as the [[Churchill War Rooms]] and the [[Admiralty Citadel]] beneath [[Whitehall]], which were created during World War II, when they were used by [[Winston Churchill]].
**In the redeveloped docklands area, [[Canary Wharf tube station]] is connected underground with adjacent office towers and shopping malls. It is also possible to access two stations of the [[Docklands Light Railway]] without going outside.
**There are many other [[Subterranean London|underground structures in London]], reflecting two millennia of human habitation.
*[[Edinburgh]]'s old town has extensive rooms, tunnels and chambers beneath some areas; of particular note are the [[Edinburgh Vaults]], where overcrowding led people to construct elaborately interconnected buildings in the vaults of the city's South Bridge. There is also an street named [[Mary King's Close]], which was built over in 1753, and is now preserved and open to visitors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Real Mary King's Close |url=https://www.realmarykingsclose.com/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.realmarykingsclose.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*[[Corsham]] is the location of the [[Central Government War Headquarters]], code name 'Burlington'. Built in the late 1950s in response to the increasing threat of nuclear warfare during the [[Cold War]], the {{convert|35|acre|ha|0}} subterranean site was designed to be the main emergency government war headquarters of the UK outside London and safely house up to 4,000 central government personnel in the event of a nuclear strike.
*[[Dover]] contains a series of interconnecting tunnels, that honeycomb both sides of the Dover Valley, carved into the chalk cliffs. These date from ancient times at [[Dover Castle]] through to Napoleonic, Second World War and Cold War installations. The Dover Castle complex is the larger, going at least six levels deep and includes a hospital, troop quarters, offices, storage and channel view points. The southern tunnels are mixed between Napoleonic War-era defences, such as the [[Dover Western Heights]], and Second World War-era defences, with some seafront air raid shelters still used for shop storage today. Some have fallen into disrepair and are now closed to the public, but many are still open.
*In [[Liverpool]], the [[Williamson Tunnels]] included the site of an 'underground house' complete with windows (concealed by work for public opening), and an extant and partially excavated 'banqueting hall'.
*[[Nottingham]] has [[City of Caves|an extensive network]] of man-made caves, dating back to the [[Early Middle Ages]].
*In [[Southport]], Nevill Street has the remainders of an underground shopping street, which can now only be accessed from the cellars of buildings on the current street, which was raised by one storey from the original level. One end of the underground street ended at the Marine Lake, close to the pier entrance.
*There are extensive underground constructions across Britain, such as [[Chislehurst Caves]], built or repurposed as air-raid shelters during World War II.

== North America ==

=== Canada ===
[[File:Toronto path.jpg|right|thumb|[[Path (Toronto)|PATH]] entrance, [[Toronto]], Ontario]]
The cold-winter northern [[continental climate]] of much of Canada makes underground pedestrian malls particularly useful in many cities.

*[[Edmonton]], Alberta, has a small system of tunnels and above-ground [[skyway]]s called the [[Edmonton Pedway|Pedway]] connecting buildings and [[Edmonton LRT|LRT]] stations of the downtown core.
*[[University of Calgary]] in [[Calgary]], Alberta, has a small system of tunnels and at-ground and above ground ways. It connects almost all buildings on Campus.
*[[City of Halifax|Halifax]], Nova Scotia (''[[Downtown Halifax Link]]''), where no point is more than 10 minutes casual walking distance from any other one.
*[[Montreal]], Quebec, RÉSO, ''[[Underground City, Montreal|Underground City]]'', or ''la ville souterraine'' in French, is the largest habitable underground network in the world. Its {{convert|32|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of tunnel cover more than 41 city blocks (about {{convert|12|sqkm|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}). Access through the RÉSO can be made to apartment buildings, hotels, offices, banks, and universities, as well as public spaces like retail shops and malls, concert halls, cinemas, the [[Bell Centre]] hockey arena, museums, eight [[Montreal Metro|metro]] stations, two train stations ([[Lucien-L'Allier (AMT)|Lucien-L'Allier]] and [[Central Station (Montreal)|Gare Centrale]]), a [[Terminus Centre-Ville (AMT)|bus terminal]] ([[Réseau de transport de Longueuil]] and other transit authorities), and other areas. It connects 80% of office space and 35% of commercial space in downtown Montreal.
**The network began as a connection between [[Place Ville Marie]], the [[Queen Elizabeth Hotel]] and the [[Gare Centrale (Montreal)|Gare Centrale]].
**More than 2,000 shops and 40 cinemas line the passageways. Tourists often visit attractions in the underground city, which is used by an average of half a million Montrealers per day.
**Eight [[Montreal Metro|metro]] stations link to smaller networks that are not yet part of the central network, such as [[Berri-UQAM (Montreal Metro)|Berri-UQAM]] in the eastern part of downtown and [[Pie-IX (Montreal Metro)|Pie-IX]] which links venues from the [[1976 Summer Olympics]].
*[[Carleton University]] in [[Ottawa]], Ontario, has a {{convert|5|km|mi|adj=on}} [[Carleton University#Tunnel system|tunnel network]] which connects ten residence buildings with other buildings on its main campus.
** The city also has an underground concourse at the [[Place de Ville]] office complex in the [[downtown Ottawa|downtown business district]], connecting 4 office buildings containing over {{convert|1,000,000|sqft|m2}} of leasable space, and 2 hotels with 900 rooms combined. There are plans to expand the underground network after the [[Line 1 (O-Train)|Confederation Line]], a light rail line featuring three downtown subway stations, is completed. It is estimated there will be as many as 20 buildings with direct indoor connections to the downtown subway portion, or 4 million square feet of office space, {{convert|1,800,000|sqft|m2}} of retail, 1400 hotel rooms and the [[Ottawa Convention Centre]].
*[[Saskatoon]], Saskatchewan – On the campus of the [[University of Saskatchewan]] a tunnel system connects several of the buildings on campus, this is augmented with overhead walkways that further extend the network.
*[[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador]] – At the main campus of [[Memorial University of Newfoundland]] are the [[MUNnels#MUNnel System|MUNnels]], a tunnel system, in which all the main buildings are connected, though there are also some [[Skyway|elevated walkways]].
*[[Toronto]], Ontario ("[[PATH (Toronto)|PATH]]"), comprises {{convert|29|km|mi}} of walkways and 1,200 shops. It links many important buildings and attractions downtown to six [[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]] subway stations. PATH accommodates 100,000 pedestrians daily, and PATH businesses host the world's largest underground sidewalk sale once annually.
**The PATH network in Toronto is the largest underground shopping complex in the world with {{convert|sigfig=3|371600|m2|sqft}}.
**Toronto also has a separate, smaller "underground city" connecting several building complexes and two subway stations on [[Bloor Street]].
*[[Vancouver]], British Columbia, has two [[shopping mall]]s, [[Pacific Centre]] and [[Scotia Tower|Vancouver Centre]], containing more than 200 stores, that extend over three city blocks, with interconnections that weave above and below ground level. These malls have metro access at [[Granville Station (TransLink)|Granville SkyTrain Station]] on the [[Expo Line (TransLink)|Expo Line]] and [[Vancouver City Centre Station|Vancouver City Centre SkyTrain Station]] on the [[Canada Line]]. There are also restricted tunnels and underground parking spaces that connect Pacific Centre to [[Robson Square]] and the [[Law Courts (Vancouver)|Courthouse building]].  Other SkyTrain stations similarly connect with surrounding buildings: [[Burrard Station]] with [[Bentall Centre, Vancouver|Bentall Centre]] and [[Royal Centre (Vancouver)|Royal Centre]], and [[Waterfront Station (Vancouver)|Waterfront Station]] with [[Canada Place]] and the [[Sinclair Centre]].
*[[Winnipeg]], Manitoba, has a smaller (mainly commercial office) area located underground in the downtown core below [[Portage and Main]]. Several of the downtown office towers have subterranean entrances to the complex allowing employees and visitors to bypass the downtown traffic and avoid the cold winter temperatures Winnipeg regularly experiences. The system links with the [[skyway]] system known as the [[Winnipeg Walkway]]. Also the [[University of Manitoba]] has tunnels for the students to travel from building to building.
*[[Charlottetown]], Prince Edward Island, has a tiny system. A pedestrian tunnel connects the [[Confederation Centre of the Arts|Confederation Center of the Arts]] with the Confederation Court Mall. The mall also connects to The Holman Grand Hotel. The Mall is separated into a main section and a much smaller section connected by an overground walkway. This small section of the mall connects to a 338 spot [[Multi-storey car park|parking garage]], which itself connects to the Homburg Financial Building, and has a separate public entry. Apart from the hotel, two additional office buildings are on top and can be assessed through the mall, a building owned by [[National Bank of Canada|National Bank]], and a building owned by [[Business Development Bank of Canada|BDC]].

=== United States ===
[[File:Empire State Plaza concourse.jpg|thumb|Underground passage of the [[Empire State Plaza]], featuring a collection of large-scale abstract modern art]]
*[[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[New York (state)|New York]]: the [[Empire State Plaza]] features an underground city which contains banks, a [[YMCA]], restaurants, several food courts, retailers, a police station, a bus station, and a Visitor Center. The Plaza connects several government buildings to [[the Egg, Albany|the Egg]] (a state-owned theater), the [[New York State Museum]], the [[New York State Library]], the [[Corning Tower]], legislative offices, judicial offices, and the [[Times Union Center]]. The Empire State Plaza Art Collection consists of 92 large-scale [[painting]]s, [[sculpture]]s, and [[tapestries]] at various locations along the main corridor, and features works from the [[New York School (art)|New York School]] of abstract modern art from the 1960s and 1970s.<ref>{{cite web |title=New York State Office of General Services |url=http://www.ogs.ny.gov/esp/CT/Art.asp |website=www.ogs.ny.gov |access-date=April 17, 2013 |archive-date=September 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920045234/http://www.ogs.ny.gov/esp/CT/Art.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]: the "Underground" represents the original surface level of downtown Atlanta; the present streets are raised roadways ([[viaduct]]s) built in the 1920s. The shopping center [[Underground Atlanta]], taking advantage of the former street-level storefronts, covers six city blocks and includes retail shopping and restaurants. It was begun in 1968 and re-opened in 1989 after a financially forced closure.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wylie |first=Jeff |title=Welcome - Underground Atlanta |url=http://www.underground-atlanta.com/ |website=www.underground-atlanta.com |publisher=Wylie Creative}}</ref>
*[[Boise]], [[Idaho]]: the downtown sector's Capitol Mall Complex consists of a large system of networked tunnels that connect all the state buildings. The tunnels have walkways and vehicle passageways. The underground area boasts a geothermal power plant, a banking system, extensive dining areas, parking, a dedicated mail room for the Capitol Mall Complex and a fallout shelter. The main hall is decorated with art from local artists that was collected over a thirty-year time frame. This collection is not often seen by the public as access is limited. Recent remodeling of the Idaho State Capitol Building has added new underground wings that are linked to the Capitol Mall. These new wings have offices, meeting rooms, and records storage areas and were designed to support the Idaho legislature when it is in session.
*[[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]:
** [[Northeastern University]] has a tunnel network linking thirteen buildings in the center of campus.
** [[Harvard Business School]] in Allston has a color-coded basement tunnel system open to pedestrian traffic.<ref name="Larson">{{cite web |author=Keith Larson |date=16 November 2010 |title=The HBS Tunnels |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=1698}}</ref>
*[[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]: many of the older buildings of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] between Massachusetts Avenue and Ames Street are linked together by underground utility tunnels.
*[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]: the [[Chicago Pedway]] consists of approximately 4 disjointed tunnel systems, the largest covering about 10 blocks, connecting such buildings and transit stations as [[Metra]]'s [[Millennium Station]], the Chicago Cultural Center, the [[Macy's]] (former [[Marshall Field's]]) store at State and Randolph, [[Chicago Transit Authority]]'s State Street and Dearborn Street subway stations, City Hall, and the [[James R. Thompson Center]], along with few residential buildings including [[Aqua (Chicago)|Aqua]], Columbus Plaza, [[The Heritage at Millennium Park]], the Park Millennium and 200 North Dearborn Apartments.
*[[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]]: the [[Tower City Center]], on the public square at the center of downtown Cleveland, houses a shopping mall with a food court, two hotels, and the [[Tower City (RTA Rapid Transit station)|Tower City Rapid Transit Station]], the central station on RTA's Red, Green, and Blue Lines. The building connects to several office buildings, and also has an enclosed skyway to the [[Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex]].
*[[Crystal City, Virginia|Crystal City]], [[Virginia]]: a residential and commercial area of [[Arlington County, Virginia]] next to the [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]], Crystal City features an extensive underground city connecting its hotels, office buildings, and apartment towers and is lined with 173 shops, restaurants, banks, medical, and other services.<ref>{{cite web |title=Map/Directory |url=http://www.thecrystalcityshops.com/_files/docs/cc-shops-2014-directory-final.pdf}}</ref>
*[[Dallas]], [[Texas]]: the [[Dallas Pedestrian Network]] has a network of tunnels connecting buildings in the downtown area.
*[[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], Ohio: the academic section of [[Wright State University]]'s campus contains nearly two miles (3.18 kilometers) of tunnels<ref name="webapp2.wright.edu">{{cite news |title=Wright State mythbuster: the tunnel system |language=en-us |newspaper=Wright State Newsroom |url=http://webapp2.wright.edu/web1/newsroom/2013/02/13/digging-into-the-history-of-wright-states-tunnels/ |access-date=2016-10-09}}</ref> that link 20 of the 22 buildings. The tunnels were designed to connect the campus without imprinting the surrounding land.
*[[Detroit, Michigan]]: the [[Fisher Building]], located in [[New Center]], features an underground concourse which connects with the [[Albert Kahn Building]], New Center One, and [[Cadillac Place]] (formerly the General Motors Building) via a series of skyways and tunnels.
*[[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], [[Minnesota]]: the city's downtown sector has an extensive network of skyways and tunnels connecting its buildings, including the Federal Courthouse and Convention Center (DECC).
*[[Havre, Montana|Havre]], [[Montana]]: the city has an underground area, called "Havre Beneath the Streets", that operates as a tourist attraction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Montana's Russell Country: Havre Beneath the Streets |url=http://russell.visitmt.com/listings/9512.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729112735/http://russell.visitmt.com/listings/9512.HTM |archive-date=2012-07-29}}</ref>
*[[Houston]], Texas: the seven-mile (11&nbsp;km) [[Houston tunnel system]] is set about twenty feet below Houston's downtown street system and is composed of underground passageways which, with above-ground skywalks, link office towers to hotels, banks, corporate and government offices, restaurants, retail stores, and the [[Houston Theater District]]. Only one building, [[Wells Fargo Plaza (Houston)|Wells Fargo Plaza]], offers direct access from the street to the Tunnel; otherwise, the Tunnel can only be entered via street-level stairs, escalators, or elevators inside a building connected to it.
*[[Irvine, California|Irvine]], California: a network of large tunnels running beneath the [[University of California, Irvine]] connects many of the campus' major buildings to a central utility plant.  These tunnels are only accessible to maintenance staff, although there are also publicly accessible tunnels which intersect the utility tunnels, such as the one that goes between the main Information & Computer Science building and the Engineering Tower.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}
*[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], [[Missouri]]: the city's [[SubTropolis]] is a 55,000,000 square foot (5,060,000 m³), 1,100-acre (4.5&nbsp;km²) underground business complex running along the Missouri River. The space was originally part of the Bethany Falls limestone mine, and was later repurposed for use as a commercial underground storage facility.
*[[Lowell, Massachusetts]]: At [[University of Massachusetts Lowell|University of Massachusetts Lowell's]] North Campus,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-07 |title=Diving deep into North Campus tunnels |url=https://umlconnector.com/2016/03/diving-deep-into-north-campus-tunnels/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> there is an underground pedestrian and utility tunnel system connecting multiple buildings.
*[[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]] and [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]], Minnesota: there are three major systems consisting mostly of above-ground skyways in the Twin Cities. The [[Minneapolis Skyway System]] covers approximately 11 miles with 62 skyways. St. Paul's skyway system connects buildings in a 30-block radius in the downtown core. On the [[University of Minnesota]] Minneapolis and St Paul campuses, the [[Gopher Way]] connects most buildings and parking structures together using a number of skyway links and tunnels. A system of tunnels connects state office buildings around the [[Minnesota State Capitol]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Map of Minnesota State Capitol complex |url=http://www.admin.state.mn.us/pmd/maps/tunnels.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403193406/http://www.admin.state.mn.us/pmd/maps/tunnels.pdf |archive-date=2007-04-03}}</ref> A series of tunnels also connect the [[Hennepin County Government Center]], [[Minneapolis City Hall]], and the [[United States District Court for the District of Minnesota]].
*[[Subterranean New York City|New York City]], New York: several [[New York City Subway]] stations have direct access to one or more buildings. Additionally, most of the lower floor of the [[Rockefeller Center]] qualifies as an underground city, as it features connections to subways, an extensive underground concourse, building connections, and several restaurants, all below ground. The area around [[Times Square]] and the [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]] forms an underground network several blocks in size; much of it is within the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[fare control]]. A series of tunnels connect [[Brookfield Place (New York City)]] through the World Trade Center's lower levels, to the [[Fulton Center]], forming an underground city with several subway stations and many shops and restaurants.
*[[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma|Oklahoma City]], [[Oklahoma]]: the [[Oklahoma City Underground]] (formerly the Oklahoma City Conncourse) is a tunnel system connecting nearly all of the downtown buildings in a 20-square-block area. It is one of the most extensive all-enclosed pedestrian systems in the U.S., extending three-quarters of a mile and connecting over 30 downtown buildings via tunnels or skyways. The original tunnel link was built in 1931 and the system was extended in the 1970s. It underwent a $2 million renovation in 2006–2007, after which the Conncourse was renamed the Underground.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Conncourse or The Underground |url=http://okc.about.com/od/oklahomacityglossary/g/conncourse.htm |publisher=About.com |access-date=May 20, 2008 |archive-date=June 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619020921/http://okc.about.com/od/oklahomacityglossary/g/conncourse.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Chambers |first=Kelley |date=2007-01-19 |title=Downtown OKC's Underground set for completion next month |work=The Journal Record |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4182/is_20070119/ai_n17152569}}</ref>
*[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]: [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City]] has several miles of interconnected underground concourses under [[Market Street (Philadelphia)|Market]], [[Broad Street (Philadelphia)|Broad]], and [[Locust Street (Philadelphia)|Locust]] Streets, and [[Pennsylvania Route 3|JFK Boulevard]]. The system includes nine [[rapid transit]] and [[regional rail]] stations served by 23 [[SEPTA]] and [[PATCO Speedline|PATCO]] lines, and the lower levels of several shopping centers. It is also connected to the lower levels of many office buildings and several department stores and hotels, as well as the customer service counters of the Municipal Services Building. A branch of the [[US Post Office]] is located in the [[Suburban Station]] section of the concourse.
*[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]: there is a group of connected tunnels from the 19th century known as the Old Portland Underground or [[Shanghai tunnels]].
*[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], Virginia: there are a series of connected tunnels between state government buildings in the city of Richmond. Certain passageways are locked off but a good portion of the tunnels are accessible from buildings. The purpose of the tunnels is not generally known; the two most common explanations are that they were built to allow people to move between buildings in inclement weather or that they were built as part of an emergency evacuation plan.
*[[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]], Minnesota: the [[Mayo Clinic]]'s buildings in the downtown area are interconnected with tunnels and skyways. Other businesses are along the corridors, including a number of [[hotel]]s that often house clinic patients. It is often called a subway, although there are no underground rails in the city.
*[[Rochester, Monroe County, New York|Rochester]], New York: [[Nazareth College (New York)|Nazareth College]] in the southeast portion of Rochester has an extensive underground network of tunnels leading from the [[dormitory|dormitories]] to the major buildings on campus. [[Rochester Institute of Technology]] has two tunnel networks linking its residence halls, and its academic buildings, but the two networks are unconnected. The [[University of Rochester]] has an underground network connecting many of its academic buildings.
*[[Seattle]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]: several modern undergrounds and a historical tour exist. The [[Westlake Center]] shopping mall and its surrounding department stores have underground entrances to the mezzanine level of the [[Westlake (Link station)|Westlake light rail station]] in the [[Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel]]. Another substantial corridor extends from [[Two Union Square]] to [[Rainier Square]], with connections to hotels, the 5th Avenue Theatre, and many retail shops along the way. The [[Seattle Underground Tour]] in [[Pioneer Square, Seattle|Pioneer Square]] takes visitors on a humorous guided walk showing the original ground level of many buildings in that area.
[[File:ShirleysWhiteHouseVicksburg1863.jpg|right|thumb|Shirley's White House Vicksburg in 1863]]
*[[Vicksburg, Mississippi|Vicksburg]], Mississippi: during the [[Siege of Vicksburg]] in 1863, Union gunboats lobbed over 22,000 shells into the town, destroying nearly all of the town's housing. As a result, over 500 caves were dug into the clay hills surrounding Vicksburg. The Union soldiers later gave the town the nickname of "Prairie Dog Village" due to these caves.
*[[Walt Disney World]], [[Florida]] (southwest of [[Orlando, Florida]]) has a network of [[utility tunnel]]s (the [[Disney utilidor system]]) used by its employees for transportation between venues, rest areas, staff preparation, and first aid. The main system is under the Magic Kingdom theme park. Other tunnels lie underneath Future World at [[Epcot]].
*[[Washington D.C.]]: all of the buildings in the [[United States Capitol Complex]] are connected by tunnels and underground walkways, which provide easy passage between legislative office buildings, the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]], the [[United States Capitol Visitor Center|Capitol Visitor Center]], and the [[Library of Congress]] in inclement weather. The tunnels connecting office buildings are open to the public, but those connecting to the Capitol require security clearance to use. [[United States Capitol subway system|Small electric tramways]] run from the Capitol building to the [[Russell Senate Office Building|Russell]], [[Dirksen Senate Office Building|Dirksen]], and [[Hart Senate Office Building|Hart]] Senate Office Buildings and to the [[Rayburn House Office Building]]. The tunnel between the Capitol and the [[Cannon House Office Building]] displays winning pieces of artwork from the annual Congressional Art Competition for high school students.
*[[Wellesley, Massachusetts|Wellesley]], [[Massachusetts]]: there is an underground network connecting several buildings at [[Wellesley College]].

=== Mexico ===
* [[Guanajuato (city)|Guanajuato]] city was built over old silver mines, some of which are used as roads. The [[Mexico DF]] metro system has many underground pedestrian walkways connecting stations.

== South America ==

=== Argentina ===
[[Buenos Aires]], capital of [[Argentina]], has an extensive number of underground cities in its [[Subte]]. Most stations have small shops, bars and kiosks, while main hubs interconnect through underground pedestrian walkways with railroad stations, governmental buildings, or shopping centres. Some have additional mall-like mezzanine levels, with the Centro [[Obelisk of Buenos Aires]] area (three lines, four underground levels), [[Estación Retiro]], [[Estación Constitución]], [[Estación Once]], and [[Federico Lacroze railway station]] being the most important ones.

=== Chile ===
[[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]] has some elements of an underground city in its "Metro" subway system. While all stations have a small mezzanine level above the tracks for ticket purchase, some key stations have extensive areas of shops and kiosks in addition. Some stations even have an additional mall-like level between the street and the mezzanine levels.

==See also==
{{Div col}}
Other parent categories from the same field:
*[[Rock-cut architecture]]
*[[Subterranea (geography)]]: underground structures
*[[Underground living]]
*[[Underground construction]]

Types of underground spaces and people, and related topics:
*[[Ant tribe]] – Chinese sociology term
*[[Rat tribe]]
*[[Arcology]] – ecological architecture term
*[[Catacombs]]
*''[[Cities of the Underworld]]'' documentary television series
*[[Mole people]] – homeless tunnel dwellers
*[[Pedway]] – elevated or underground walkways
*[[Rapid transit]] (subway)
*[[Secret passage]]
**[[Tunnels in popular culture]]
*[[Skyway]]
*[[Utility tunnel]]
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Man-made and man-related Subterranea}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Underground cities| ]]
[[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure]]
[[Category:Urban exploration]]
[[Category:Types of cities]]